CN1281119C - Movable mixed cloud chamber for continuous supply of super-cooling fog - Google Patents
Movable mixed cloud chamber for continuous supply of super-cooling fog Download PDFInfo
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- CN1281119C CN1281119C CN 200410039457 CN200410039457A CN1281119C CN 1281119 C CN1281119 C CN 1281119C CN 200410039457 CN200410039457 CN 200410039457 CN 200410039457 A CN200410039457 A CN 200410039457A CN 1281119 C CN1281119 C CN 1281119C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a movable type mixed cloud chamber capable of continuously supplying supercooled fog, which comprises a cloud chamber cavity with a heat insulation layer, a temperature sensing element in the cloud chamber cavity and a refrigeration system, wherein a cloud chamber internal cylinder is sheathed in the cloud chamber cavity, and a coolant interlayer in which evaporating tubes of the refrigeration system, an electric heater 5 and the temperature sensing element are arranged is arranged between the cloud chamber internal cylinder and the heat insulation layer; a supercooled narrow slit is arranged between the cloud chamber internal cylinder and a jacket layer. A fog through tube penetrates from the bottom of the suppercooled narrow slit to the external wall of the cloud chamber cavity, and the bottom of the coolant interlayer is provided with a liquid discharging mouth. A draining tube communicated with the bottom of the cloud chamber internal cylinder penetrates into the heat insulation layer and respectively penetrates out of the cloud chamber cavity via a tee joint T, and an ice crystal receptor is installed in the cloud chamber inner cylinder. A top mouth of the cloud chamber cavity is covered with a transparent cover plate which is provided with a sample injection mouth, a faucet and a rotatable lift handle, and the tail end of a shaft of the lift handle is fixed under a heat capacity plate. The device can realize the continuous or discontinuous supply of supercooled fog in order to ensure that the activation of ice cores injected into the cloud chamber and the growth of ice crystals can be supplied with sufficient moisture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the basic equipment of a kind of cloud physics and weather modification research, the particularly a kind of research ice-nucleus process of weather modification experiment usefulness and the portable mixed cloud chamber that supercooled fog can be provided continuously of seeding agent.
Background technology
Cloud chamber is the visual plant that the weather modification field is used to study ice-nucleus process and seeding agent.Along with extensively carrying out of Weather modification operation, answer the needs of catalysis instrument and seeding agent development, China has built several in succession and has had the cloud chamber of difference in functionality, and wherein volume is 96m
3And 2m
3The isothermal cloud chamber is big-and-middle-sized fixed cloud chamber, can be used for multinomial cloud physics experiment, those several portable mixed cloud chambers that are raised to several decaliters then mainly are that the outfield is used for nature ice-nucleus observation and seeding agent becomes to ice performance detection in order to bring to, and STATIC DIFFUSION CHAMBER then is in order to specialize in the cloud chamber that ice-nucleus is sublimated and activated.China is since 1958 carry out weather modification, and these cloud chambers have played important function to the progressively development in this field.As: use 2m
3The isothermal cloud chamber once carried out the development or the like that blast produces the exploration of ice crystal rule to research, the hypersonic air flow effect of water dust spectrum influence and produces the efficient agi pyrotechnic prescription of compound ice-nucleus.With portable mixed cloud chamber wherein successively to the observation of once knowing the real situation excessively on a large scale of the surface layer atmosphere ice-nucleus concentration of all parts of the country, drawn the horizontal distribution of the main seedbed of atmosphere ice-nucleus, ice-nucleus concentration and waited large quantities of data that important value is arranged over time, for cloud physics research provides valuable data.
Since ice-nucleusization be one involve a wide range of knowledge, the microphysical processes of content complexity, still have many problems to be among the exploration so far, be exactly one of them as the comparativity of various cloud chamber testing results.As far back as 1975, in international ice-nucleus and aerosol meeting for the third time, several ice-nucleus detecting instruments are concentrated in together, under identical testing conditions, contrast, the result demonstrates every kind of cloud chamber and exists many uncertain factors, causes the difference that magnitude is arranged each other.In after this 30 years, various countries never stopped the research work of cloud chamber.Along with the association area high-tech develops rapidly, the structure of cloud chamber and the aspects such as monitoring of relevant parameter are also constantly being improved, make ice-nucleus research be able to further deeply.
The activation of ice-nucleus is very responsive to temperature and humidity condition, and the activation temperature of the portable mixed cloud chamber that uses at present is difficult to control and determines, the weak point of holding time of supercooled fog, with traditional manually exhaling vapour or directly lead to mist with ultrasonic atomizer, except the gentle sample volume of cloud chamber temperature is caused the very big disturbance, also can cause instantaneous height supersaturation, make testing result that the influence of spurious count be arranged.All these is to need improvements.
When refrigerator ice cabinet became daily household electrical appliance, the refrigerating method of cloud chamber had just had bigger improvement, and the refrigerating method that alcohol is added dry ice changes the fluorine refrigeration into, has significantly reduced the outfield workload.Simultaneously, the formation of cloud chamber supercooled fog is also no longer used and is manually exhaled vapour, and directly leads to mist to cloud chamber with ultrasonic atomizer, and glass-stem thermometer is also substituted by the electronic digit thermometer.Develop portable mixed cloud chamber as shown in Figure 1, as document 1: Li Juan, Huang Geng, the observational study of area, the upper reaches of the Yellow River atmosphere ice-nucleus concentration.Meteorology, 2001,27 (11) are introduced.The fluorine refrigeration system of this device is to be made of compressor, evaporation tube, condenser and cold-producing medium etc.Under identical operating mode, F22 is bigger than the refrigerating capacity of F12, easier acquisition low temperature.Therefore, it has selected F22 cold-producing medium and corresponding compressor for use.The compressed machine of the F22 of gaseous state is compressed to condenser and becomes liquid state, and after capillary feeds the evaporation tube on the cloud chamber outer wall, the evaporation heat absorption makes the cooling of cloud chamber wall, and then makes cloud chamber be reduced to the experiment subzero temperature.Be back to compressor again from the gaseous state F22 of evaporation tube output, constitute a cycle refrigeration system.Can obtain-30 ℃ of low temperature with such refrigerating method.
Though high refrigerating efficiency brings great convenience to experiment, has also increased uncertain factor to experiment.The particularly experiment under start refrigeration always; the cloud chamber variations in temperature is big, and activation temperature can't be determined, have to adopt the trace routine of first generation cloud chamber; that is: elder generation draws cloud chamber and is as cold as minimum temperature, and the experiment that utilizes the natural temperature-rise period of shutting down the back cloud chamber to do under the different temperatures detects.Increased temperature control equipment afterwards and done the control experiment, but the control effect is not very good, actual measurement cloud chamber temperature shows: under automatic control state, owing to reasons such as thermal inertias, start and stop of compressor circulate can make the fluctuation of cloud chamber temperature reach ± and 3 ℃.Also will consider the operation of sampling and logical mist in addition, the uncertainty of the activation temperature that causes is obviously just bigger.In addition, the ice-nucleus activation temperature is to measure with the temperature sensitive member of temperature control equipment contact cloud chamber outer wall, has bigger difference with at that time actual activation temperature in the cloud chamber.
In addition, also since used ultrasonic atomizer directly from the cloud chamber top to cloud chamber logical mist, the degree of cloud chamber temperature and volume disturbance has been obtained better improvement, the droplet concentration ratio adopts manually exhales vapour much bigger, holding time also of mist than the length of the first generation, but the length of logical mist time is difficult to grasp.Show when with sense glue film collision sampling method the supercooled fog of ultrasonic formation being dripped test result: the peak value diameter of droplet is about 10 μ m.To natural ice-nucleus observation and the detection of artificial-ice nucleus nucleation rate the time, once to manually exhaling vapour and two kinds of methods of ultrasonic logical mist to do relatively, the result showed: the former on average hangs down 2～3 times approximately than the latter at testing result.The ultrasonic atomizer water should be handled and could use through strict distillation and deionization, otherwise the ice-nucleus that is present in advance in the droplet may form the ice embryo by immersion freezing mechanism, causes false ice crystal counting.In addition, the temperature that ultrasonic atomizer feeds mist is environmental temperature, and is more much higher than activation temperature, certainly leads to the height supersaturation in the cloud chamber.The false ice crystal counting that causes by the instantaneous height supersaturation, to the disturbance of cloud chamber temperature and how the rationing supercooled fog is insoluble problem always.
The counting of this device ice crystal still uses liquid glucose to manifest the method for estimating reading.The ice crystal surface density hour can be estimated totally in the sugar dish.Surface density is big must be difficult to reading the time, can only select the ice crystal on the representational local area to count artificially.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: adopt directly and feed the normal temperature mist for the temperature stability that improves cloud chamber with in order to eliminate existing cloud chamber to cloud chamber, and the too short problem of holding time of the instantaneous height supersaturation mist that causes; Thereby provide a kind of research ice-nucleus process of weather modification experiment usefulness and the portable mixed cloud chamber that supercooled fog can be provided continuously of seeding agent.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The portable mixed cloud chamber of supercooled fog that can provide continuously provided by the invention comprises: one have the cloud chamber chamber 1 of heat insulation layer 2, temperature-sensing element 20 is set in cloud chamber chamber 1, with an ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) 29 is set, an and refrigeration system that is installed in 1 bottom, cloud chamber chamber in cloud chamber chamber 1; It is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the cloud chamber inner core 6 that the set metal tube is done in described cloud chamber chamber 1, cloud chamber inner core 6 bottoms are installed in by pad pin 14 at the end of described heat insulation layer 2, one refrigerant interlayer 3 is set between cloud chamber inner core 6 and the described heat insulation layer 2, and two aspect close proximity are touched, be full of the refrigerant medium of ethylene glycol and aqueous mixtures in the refrigerant interlayer 3, the evaporation tube 4 that refrigeration system is arranged in refrigerant interlayer 3, also be provided with electric heater 5 and temperature element 18, described temperature element 18 is fixed the described temperature-sensing element 20 of 3 microminiature platinum film Pt100 from top to bottom respectively and is formed by in the socket that thoroughly does away with on the heat pipe insertion transparent cover plate 8 on heat-insulated pipe; The temperature-sensing element of the microminiature platinum film Pt100 of the 4th monitoring refrigerant temperature is placed into the refrigerant middle part, and the 5th temperature-sensing element that is used for the microminiature platinum film Pt100 of measurement environment temperature is placed on around the cloud chamber; Five temperature-sensing elements connect with five sleeving temperature measuring instruments respectively; Between cloud chamber inner core 6 and refrigerant interlayer 3, leave the space as crossing cold slit 17; And pass a logical fog tube 7 along crossing cold slit 17 bottoms to described cloud chamber chamber 1 outer wall, with open a leakage fluid dram 15 in refrigerant interlayer 3 bottoms, be communicated with a blow-off line 10 at 6 ends of cloud chamber inner core, and penetrate in the described heat insulation layer 2 and this blow-off line is passed respectively outside the described cloud chamber chamber 1 by a threeway; By support 13 described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is installed at cloud chamber inner core 6 inner bottom surfaces; Described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is by a thermal capacitance plate 11, put a slide framework 12 of doing by 90 ° of red copper disks that hold 4 slides of dividing equally with the heat-conducting silicone grease subsides on it, be to leave the sugar dish 16 that slide exposes mouth 30 above this slide framework 12, one handle 9 is that an end is fixed on the axle 32 below the thermal capacitance plate 11 of described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor), and at axle 32 overcoats one heat-insulating material outer tube 31, the bottom of this heat-insulating material outer tube 31 is fixed together with sugar dish 16, sugar dish 16 and then rotates together when rotating the heat-insulating material outer tube, places liquid glucose 27 on the sugar dish 16; On the 1 top mouth of described cloud chamber chamber a transparent cover plate 8 is arranged, have one and annotate sample mouth 19 and socket on described transparent cover plate 8, and heart place is provided with described handle 9 therein, this handle 9 is fixed a positioning pointer 26 with transparent cover plate 8 bearings.
Described temperature-sensing element 20 be the response time less than 0.1 second, microminiature platinum film Pt100.
During experiment, can select as required to access with the sugar dish still is to access ice crystal with slide.When selecting slide to access, carry the pointer on handle top by rotation and determine that slide exposes or closing state.When doing the observation of nature ice-nucleus, can use sugared disc gage number.When detecting artificial-ice nucleus,,, then can use slide to access the method for microscope reading particularly in low-temperature zone because activation quantity is big.About being correlated with of the two, its correlation coefficient is 0.8808.By repeatedly experiment, when doing artificial ice-nucleus and detect, can estimate the concentration amounts level after the sampling dilution, at 4 slides with the interior activation process of finishing one time.
Portable mixed cloud chamber provided by the invention can be operated under closed state, and has the function of supercooled fog without interruption, therefore, can accomplish simulation based on contact freezing mechanism to the observation of nature or artificial-ice nucleus.During observation nature ice-nucleus, earlier sugar dish (or slide) is risen to the inner core upper edge but do not hide the outlet of stifled cold slit, again with cloud chamber top complete closed, then slowly put down the sugar dish, logical mist mouth enters natural air from the bottom, enters cloud chamber from top after crossing cold slit rising precooling, and precooling just can be supplied supercooled fog in about 3 minutes behind the suction natural air, at this moment, ice-nucleus will drip to contact and freeze and form the ice embryo with supercooled fog.When artificial-ice nucleus was detected, ice-nucleus injected when having had supercooled fog in cloud chamber, so activate mechanism is still based on contact freezing.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. feed the instantaneous height supersaturation that the normal temperature mist causes and the too short problem of holding time of mist in order to eliminate directly to cloud chamber, the present invention has increased an inner core in this cloud chamber, left the gap between this inner core and the original cloud chamber internal diameter, from normal temperature mist logical mist mouth input of ultrasonic atomizer (use be purified water for drinking) from the bottom.Because wall place, cloud chamber limit temperature is minimum, under the effect of ultrasonic atomizer gentle breeze, the normal temperature mist is along lowering the temperature gradually in the way that rises on this gap and reaching degree of supercooling, then enters inner core and sinks along inwall, begin again to rise to the middle and lower part, and then permeate into whole inner core with mixed convection.Suitably the control ultrasonic atomizer send mist amount or switch, can realize supercooled fog continuously or interrupted supply, to guarantee the activation and the increasing of ice crystal that are injected into ice-nucleus in the cloud chamber supply of sufficient subcooled water vapour is arranged always.This method had both been avoided cloud chamber height supersaturation, also can be ice-nucleus activation and ice crystal and increased sufficient water vapor condition is provided, and the while has also solved the perturbed problem to the gentle sample volume of cloud chamber temperature,
2. the present invention adopts and designed a refrigerant interlayer between cloud chamber and heat-insulation layer, evaporation tube is evenly distributed and directly is immersed in the refrigerant, utilizes the thermal capacitance of refrigerant to make the cloud chamber temperature stabilization.
3. measure the temperature of cloud chamber diverse location with the multipoint temperature measuring instrument in real time, provide measured value for determining activation temperature and improvement from now on more exactly.
4. ice crystal counting adopts liquid glucose to manifest artificial reading and slide accesses two kinds of methods of microscope reading, has remedied weak point separately mutually.
5. in refrigerant, increase electric heater, can connect or close electric heater as required in the experiment, accelerated the experiment progress like this.
Description of drawings
The existing second generation mixed cloud chamber of Fig. 1 structural representation
Fig. 2 is 15 liters of portable mixed cloud chamber schematic diagrames of the present invention
Fig. 3 is an ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) front view in the portable mixed cloud chamber of the present invention
Fig. 4 is an ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) vertical view of the present invention
Fig. 5 is that inner core volume of the present invention is the drop-size distribution distribution map of 15 liters portable mixed cloud chamber
Fig. 6 is that inner core volume of the present invention is 15L cloud chamber vertical temperature distribution figure
Fig. 7 is that inner core volume of the present invention is the horizontal temperature profile of 15L cloud chamber
Fig. 8 is that inner core volume of the present invention is that cloud chamber when refrigeration temperature of 15 liters is schemed over time
Fig. 9 be inner core volume of the present invention when being 15 liters cloud chamber electrical heating temperature scheme over time
Figure 10 is the comparison diagram of cloud chamber of the present invention and existing cloud chamber nucleation rate testing result
Wherein A is that cloud chamber of the present invention intermittently feeds the detection of supercooled fog to the 0# catalyst formulation
B is that existing cloud chamber feeds the detection of normal temperature mist to the 0# catalyst formulation
Drawing is described as follows:
Evaporation tube 4 electric heaters 5 indoor tubes 6
Logical fog tube 7 cover plates 8 handles 9
Blow-off line 10 thermal capacitance plates 11 slide frameworks 12
Support 13 pad pin 14 leakage fluid drams 15
Annotate sample mouth 19 temperature-sensing elements 20 refrigerants 21
Supercooled fog 22 compressors 23 condensers 24
Temperature controller 28 slides expose breach 30 heat-insulating material pipes 31
Embodiment
With reference to figure 2, make one 15 liters of portable mixed cloud chamber devices, the refrigeration system of second generation cloud chamber is still adopted in the acquisition of the cloud chamber subzero temperature of present embodiment, this fluorine refrigeration system is installed in the casing, constitute by conventional compressor 23, evaporation tube 4, condenser 24, temperature controller 28 and cold-producing medium, be installed in the bottom in cloud chamber chamber 1, the casing footing is equipped with 4 castors 25.
In the middle of refrigerant interlayer 3, an evaporation tube 4 in the refrigeration system is arranged, and electric heater 5 and the 4th temperature-sensing element; Wherein evaporation tube 4 directly is immersed in the refrigerant, to guarantee the temperature stabilization of cloud chamber.
As cloud chamber inner core 6, cloud chamber inner core 6 bottoms are installed in by pad pin 14 at the end of heat insulation layer 2 in inner chamber suit one metal cylinder of refrigerant interlayer 3, leave the 5cm space between cloud chamber inner core 6 and the chuck layer 3 as the cold slit 17 of mistake; And be communicated with a logical fog tube 7 from crossing cold slit 17 bottoms to shell 1 outer wall.Because inner core that increases and the gap of leaving 5cm originally between the cloud chamber internal diameter, import from the bottom from the normal temperature mist of ultrasonic atomizer (use be purified water for drinking).Because wall place, cloud chamber limit temperature is minimum, under the effect of ultrasonic atomizer gentle breeze, the normal temperature mist is along lowering the temperature gradually in the way that rises on this gap and reaching degree of supercooling, then enters inner core and sinks along inwall, begin again to rise to the middle and lower part, and then permeate into whole inner core with mixed convection.Suitably the control ultrasonic atomizer send mist amount or switch, can realize supercooled fog continuously or interrupted supply, to guarantee the activation and the increasing of ice crystal that are injected into ice-nucleus in the cloud chamber sufficient steam supply is arranged always.
Because the normal temperature mist is exposed to the cloud chamber inner core after cold again crossing, rather than resembles and directly send into the existing cloud chamber.Therefore, cloud chamber of the present invention had both been avoided highly oversaturated generation, had solved the under-supply problem of steam again.Actual measurement shows: be exposed to the supercooled fog stream of cloud chamber inner core again after the precooling of gap, not only do not cause the air themperature in the cloud chamber inner core to raise, reduced by 0.2～0.3 ℃ on the contrary, effect is more satisfactory.Fig. 5 provides is the drop-size distribution and the without interruption and supercooled fog drop-size distribution of (atomizer reaches the appropriate location, mist is neither overflowed also do not dissipate) when keeping of temperature high concentration supercooled fog (atomizer reaches maximum, and inner core is closed after being full of thick fog) when being-20 ℃.
Open a leakage fluid dram 15 from refrigerant interlayer 3 bottoms to cloud chamber chamber 1 outer wall in addition, and on leakage fluid dram 15, fix a valve, be communicated with a blow-off line 10 at 6 ends of cloud chamber inner core and penetrate in the heat insulation layer 2, and this blow-off line is passed respectively outside the cloud chamber chamber 1 by a threeway.
Described temperature element 18 is fixed 3 above temperature-sensing elements 20 from top to bottom respectively and is formed by in the socket that thoroughly does away with on the heat pipe insertion transparent cover plate 8 on heat-insulated pipe; The 4th temperature-sensing element is placed into the refrigerant middle part, the monitoring refrigerant temperature, and the 5th temperature-sensing element is placed on around the cloud chamber, is used for measurement environment temperature; Five sensing elements connect with five sleeving temperature temperature measurers respectively.Described temperature-sensing element be the response time less than 0.1 second, microminiature platinum film Pt100.
1 top mouth has a upper glass cover plate 8 in the cloud chamber chamber, on cover plate 8, have the socket of the heat-insulated pipe in a notes sample mouth 19, the installation temperature-sensing element 20, heart place is provided with a handle 9 that connects thermal capacitance plate 11 therein, fixes a positioning pointer 26 at handle 9 with cover plate 8 bearings.
Described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is by a thermal capacitance plate 11, this thermal capacitance plate 11 is the thick brass sheet of 10mm, put a slide framework 12 of doing by 90 ° of red copper disks (thickness is greater than slide) that hold 4 slides 33 of dividing equally with the heat-conducting silicone grease subsides on it, be to leave the sugar dish 16 that slide exposes mouth 30 above this slide framework 12, described handle 9 is that an end is fixed on the axle 32 below the thermal capacitance plate 11 of ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor), and at axle 32 overcoats one heat-insulating material pipe 31, the bottom of this heat-insulating material pipe 31 is fixed together with sugar dish 16, sugar dish 16 and then rotates together when rotating the heat-insulating material pipe, places liquid glucose 27 on the sugar dish 16.
During experiment, can select as required to access with the sugar dish still is to access ice crystal with slide.When selecting slide to access, carry the pointer on handle top by rotation and determine that slide exposes or closing state.When doing the observation of nature ice-nucleus, can use sugared disc gage number.When detecting artificial-ice nucleus,,, then can use slide to access the method for microscope reading particularly in low-temperature zone because activation quantity is big.About being correlated with of the two, its correlation coefficient is 0.8808.By repeatedly experiment, when doing artificial ice-nucleus and detect, can estimate the concentration amounts level after the sampling dilution, at 4 slides with the interior activation process of finishing one time.
This cloud chamber is that it detects lower limit with minimum ice crystal number in the detected unit volume of liquid glucose method energy, is its upper limit of detection with the highest ice crystal number in the detected unit volume of slide method energy.When detecting with the liquid glucose method, the cloud chamber dischargeable capacity is 13.5L, calculates by occurring 1 ice crystal totally, and it is limited to 0.074/L under detecting.When detecting with slide method, the field of microscope area is 0.0095cm
2(relevant with multiplication factor), cloud chamber dischargeable capacity are 3.14 * 9
2* 58.5 ≈ 15L 50 ice crystals occur by every visual field and calculate (the moderate value of experience), and its upper limit of detection is about 9 * 10
4Individual/L.The tie point that should note them is used in the two exchange, as: if the 10/cm of ice crystal on the liquid glucose face
2, be equivalent to about 10 fields of microscope of slide method and run into 1 ice crystal this moment.Though this cloud chamber has two kinds of methods that access ice crystal, the two is compared, and liquid glucose method uncertain factor is a lot, and slide method has more advantages.Therefore, when seeding agent being become the ice performance detect, slide method is used in suggestion as far as possible.
In order to determine ice-nucleus activation temperature and monitoring refrigerant temperature and ambient air temperature more exactly, developed five cover temperature measurers specially, the sensing element that is complementary with them is the microminiature platinum film Pt100 that makes of laser technology, and the response time was less than 0.1 second.Five corresponding respectively five cover temperature measurers of sensing element have been done calibration under the same conditions, and in-25 ~ 25 ℃ of scopes, the measure error between five cover temperature measurers is ± 0.1 ℃.Through reaching the test of not cutting off the power supply and moving of nearly two years, its stability and precision can satisfy requirement of experiment to this main circuit fully.Wherein three sensing elements are distributed in the cloud chamber vertical direction, and one is placed into the refrigerant middle part, the monitoring refrigerant temperature.Another is used for measurement environment temperature.
With one of them temperature-sensing element the cloud chamber Temperature Distribution is measured; method is: under the state of cloud chamber sealing and obstructed mist; drawing and being as cold as refrigerant temperature is about-26 ℃ shutdown; apart from cloud chamber wall 3cm place; from the cloud chamber bottom; every vertical lifting 5cm is a measuring point, and each measuring point stops reading after 1 minute, the results are shown in Figure 6.Three temperature-sensing elements are placed in the cloud chamber on the differing heights, and from cloud chamber inner core limit wall, whenever moving horizontally 2cm is a measuring point, and every stops 1 minute reading, and the horizontal Temperature Distribution that obtains as shown in Figure 7.As seen from the figure, there is the temperature difference really in both direction.In addition, when the refrigerant mean temperature is-28.06 ℃ (3 actual measurements), mean temperature is-22.70 ℃ (3 actual measurements of upper, middle and lower) in the cloud chamber, and the two differs 5.36 ℃, and the two difference is also relevant with the personnel operation process with the refrigerating efficiency of different periods of compressor.Not hard to imagine, first generation cloud chamber is suspectable as activation temperature with refrigerant temperature and second generation cloud chamber directly with the cloud chamber wall temperature.Therefore, this cloud chamber represent the ice-nucleus activation temperature may be comparatively rationally with three measuring points of vertical direction in cloud chamber actual measurement mean value.
Owing to increased cloud chamber volume and refrigerant, it is many that load and second generation cloud chamber have been compared greatly, and refrigerating efficiency obviously reduces.Fig. 8 has provided when cloud chamber middle part temperature is 26 ℃ and has begun refrigeration, and the temperature of a measured value of per 10 minutes records over time.Because process of refrigerastion is long, be as cold as (refrigerant temperature is minimum to reach-30 ℃) about-25 ℃ so can earlier cloud chamber be drawn when operating, do test experience from low temperature to the high temperature direction.But also because cloud chamber has goodish heat insulation effect, it is also very slow to make that nature heats up.In order to shorten experimentation, this cloud chamber has designed an electric heater, and its power is 1 kilowatt, is evenly distributed in the middle and lower part in the refrigerant, can connect as required or close during experiment.When Fig. 9 has provided the cloud chamber refrigerant temperature for-28.3 ℃, made the variations in temperature of a record behind the connection electric heater in per 5 minutes.Use cloud chamber that present embodiment makes and existing cloud chamber nucleation rate testing result more as shown in figure 10: wherein A is that cloud chamber of the present invention intermittently feeds the detection of supercooled fog to the 0# catalyst formulation; B is that existing cloud chamber feeds the detection of normal temperature mist to the 0# catalyst formulation.
Claims (2)
1. portable mixed cloud chamber that supercooled fog can be provided continuously, comprise: one have the cloud chamber chamber (1) of heat insulation layer (2), temperature-sensing element (20) is set in cloud chamber chamber (1), with an ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is set, an and refrigeration system that is installed in cloud chamber chamber (1) bottom in cloud chamber chamber (1); It is characterized in that: the cloud chamber inner core (6) that the set metal tube is done in described cloud chamber chamber (1), cloud chamber inner core (6) bottom is installed in by pad pin (14) at the end of described heat insulation layer (2), one refrigerant interlayer (3) is set between cloud chamber inner core (6) and the described heat insulation layer (2), and two aspect close proximity are touched, be full of the refrigerant medium of ethylene glycol and aqueous mixtures in the described refrigerant interlayer (3), the evaporation tube (4) that refrigeration system is arranged in refrigerant interlayer (3), also be provided with electric heater (5) and temperature element (18), described temperature element (18) is fixed 3 microminiature platinum film P from top to bottom respectively by in the socket that thoroughly does away with on the heat pipe insertion transparent cover plate (8) on heat-insulated pipe
t100 described temperature-sensing element (20) is formed; The microminiature platinum film P of the 4th monitoring refrigerant temperature
t100 temperature-sensing element is placed into refrigerant middle part, the 5th microminiature platinum film P that is used for measurement environment temperature
t100 described temperature-sensing element is placed on around the cloud chamber; Five temperature-sensing elements connect with five sleeving temperature measuring instruments respectively; Between cloud chamber inner core (6) and refrigerant interlayer (3), leave the space as crossing cold slit (17); And pass a logical fog tube (7) along crossing cold slit (17) bottom to described cloud chamber chamber (1) outer wall, with open a leakage fluid dram (15) in refrigerant interlayer (3) bottom, be communicated with a blow-off line (10) at cloud chamber inner core (6) end, and penetrate in the described heat insulation layer (2) and this blow-off line is passed respectively outside the described cloud chamber chamber (1) by a threeway; By support (13) described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is installed at cloud chamber inner core (6) inner bottom surface; Described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor) is by a thermal capacitance plate (11), put a slide framework (12) of doing by 90 ° of red copper disks that hold 4 slides (33) of dividing equally with the heat-conducting silicone grease subsides on it, in the top of this slide framework (12) is to leave the sugar dish (16) that slide exposes mouthful (30), one handle (9) is the following axle (32) of thermal capacitance plate (11) that an end is fixed on described ice crystal take-away belt (conveyor), and at axle (32) overcoat one heat-insulating material outer tube (31), the bottom of this heat-insulating material outer tube (31) is fixed together with sugar dish (16), sugar dish (16) and then rotates together when rotating the heat-insulating material outer tube, and sugar dish (16) is gone up and placed liquid glucose (27); On the mouth of top, described cloud chamber chamber (1), a transparent cover plate (8) is arranged, on described transparent cover plate (8), have one and annotate sample mouth (19) and socket, and heart place is provided with described handle (9) therein, and this handle (9) is fixed a positioning pointer (26) with described transparent cover plate (8) bearing.
2. by the described portable mixed cloud chamber that supercooled fog can be provided continuously of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microminiature platinum film P
t100 temperature-sensing element (20) is that the response time was less than 0.1 second.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102353603A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Method for measuring nucleating performance and icing performance of aerosol generating agent |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101480157B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2013-06-19 | 金德镇 | Hypersonic speed air current refrigeration coring device for weather modification |
| CN102645680B (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2014-04-23 | 南京信息工程大学 | Cloud chamber for atmospheric ice nucleus activation counting and cloud chamber system |
| CN209376335U (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-09-13 | 北京市人工影响天气办公室 | A kind of main body for weather modification experiment |
| CN109729895A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市人工影响天气办公室 | A kind of laboratory system of weather modification |
| CN110389150B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-04-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Measuring system for atmospheric ice nucleus activation rate |
-
2004
- 2004-02-13 CN CN 200410039457 patent/CN1281119C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102353603A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-02-15 | 北京理工大学 | Method for measuring nucleating performance and icing performance of aerosol generating agent |
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| CN1557132A (en) | 2004-12-29 |
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