CN102645680B - Cloud chamber for atmospheric ice nucleus activation counting and cloud chamber system - Google Patents
Cloud chamber for atmospheric ice nucleus activation counting and cloud chamber system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102645680B CN102645680B CN201210150601.1A CN201210150601A CN102645680B CN 102645680 B CN102645680 B CN 102645680B CN 201210150601 A CN201210150601 A CN 201210150601A CN 102645680 B CN102645680 B CN 102645680B
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Abstract
The invention provides a cloud chamber capable of measuring ice crystals formed by atmospheric ice nuclei through a sublimation nucleation or condensation/freezing nucleation effect under conditions of different temperature, different humidity and different pressure. The invention provides a cloud chamber for atmospheric ice nucleus activation counting and a cloud chamber system. The cloud chamber comprises an upper cloud chamber, a lower cloud chamber and a vapor chamber. The vapor chamber is communicated with a vapor valve and the upper cloud chamber. The upper cloud chamber is additionally connected with an air extracting pump and an air inlet valve. The top of the upper cloud chamber is sealing transparent quartz glass. A video camera is installed above the upper cloud chamber. An illuminating lamp is additionally arranged between the video camera and the top of the upper cloud chamber. A pressure measuring hole is additionally reserved on the upper cloud chamber. A first pressure measuring instrument is arranged at the position of the pressure measuring hole. A first temperature control strip, a first temperature sensor and a sampling strip are arranged in the lower cloud chamber. The upper cloud chamber and the lower cloud chamber are of the shape of relatively arranged enclosures. When the upper cloud chamber and the lower cloud chamber are fastened, a sealed cloud chamber cavity is formed. The vapor chamber is a cylindrical transparent chamber. A second temperature control strip and a second temperature sensor are arranged at the bottom of the vapor chamber.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to atmospheric science field, particularly for the Atmospheric Ice Nuclei of aerological sounding under different temperatures, different humidity, different pressures condition, by sublimating coring or condense and freeze coring and form the technical field that ice crystal is counted the observational study of concentration.
background technology:
Atmospheric Ice Nuclei, refers to the phase transformation effect that can pass through to affect water, thereby promotes or suppress the particulate of cold cloud Precipitation Process.The total coring of sublimating of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei, condense and freeze coring, contact freezing coring and infiltration and freeze four kinds of mechanism of coring.Atmospheric Ice Nuclei is the basic research content of physics of cloud and precipitation, is that the basic theory of Weather modification operation instructs, and is the important factor in order of climatic effect.At present, the routine observation of the meteorological bound pair Atmospheric Ice Nuclei of China not yet launches, and academia is not perfect to the scientific observation of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei.And wish is launched research in this respect, must find the different coring mechanism of how distinguishing, the different meteorological elements of sub-control, improve Instrument observation precision, improve the equipment and technology problem of entirety observation timeliness.Therefore design and complete under a kind of different temperatures, different humidity, different pressures condition, observation Atmospheric Ice Nuclei forms ice crystal by different mechanisms and counts the instrument of concentration and have important Research Significance.
Can provide continuously the Mobile mixed cloud chamber (patent No.: 200410039457.X, Granted publication number: CN1557132A) of supercooled fog to relate to equally the technical field of counting the observational study of concentration for the Atmospheric Ice Nuclei coring formation ice crystal of aerological sounding.But its device can only be measured Atmospheric Ice Nuclei and form under four kinds of machine-processed actings in conjunction several concentration of ice crystal, can only measure Atmospheric Ice Nuclei under condition of different temperatures and form several concentration of ice crystal, obtaining of this device observation data is that error is larger by the reading of naked eyes; The control and measurement of its temperature is to complete by manual operation control element.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to provide one and can measures under different temperatures, different humidity, different pressures condition, and Atmospheric Ice Nuclei is freezed nucleation and formed the cloud chamber of ice crystal number by the coring or condense of sublimating.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the cloud chamber system for Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting.
the object of the invention is to realize by following description scheme:
A kind of cloud chamber for Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting, it comprises cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber and steam chamber, described steam chamber is communicated with upper cloud chamber through water vapor valve, upper cloud chamber is also connected with aspiration pump and gas admittance valve, the top of upper cloud chamber is sealed transparent quartz glass, and above upper cloud chamber, pickup camera is installed, and between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, being also provided with illuminating lamp, upper cloud chamber is reserved with pressure tap.Pressure tap position is provided with the first measuring cell; Lower cloud chamber is built-in with the first temperature control sheet, the first temperature sensor and sampling sheet, on the first temperature control sheet, sampling sheet is set, and the first temperature sensor connects sampling sheet; Described upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber are the case shape being oppositely arranged, and upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber form a sealing cloud chamber cavity while fastening; Described steam chamber is a cylindrical transparent chamber, and its bottom is provided with the second temperature control sheet and the second temperature sensor, is also reserved with pressure tap on steam chamber, and pressure tap position is provided with the second measuring cell.
Upper cloud chamber rear side of the present utility model is provided with backrest, upper cloud chamber by backrest be supported on lower cloud chamber directly over, lower cloud chamber bottom is provided with crane, crane bottom is provided with base.
Before described gas admittance valve import, be provided with filter membrane device; The pickup camera of upper cloud chamber top adopts CCD camera; Between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, illuminating lamp adopts LED illuminating lamp.
A kind of cloud chamber system for Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting, it comprises cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber, steam chamber and computer unit, described steam chamber is communicated with upper cloud chamber through water vapor valve, upper cloud chamber is also connected with aspiration pump and gas admittance valve, the top of upper cloud chamber is sealed transparent quartz glass, and on upper cloud chamber top, pickup camera is installed, and between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, is also provided with illuminating lamp, upper cloud chamber is reserved with pressure tap, and pressure tap position is provided with the first measuring cell; Lower cloud chamber is built-in with the first temperature control sheet, the first temperature sensor and sampling sheet, on the first temperature control sheet, sampling sheet is set, and the first temperature sensor connects this sampling sheet; Described upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber are the case shape being oppositely arranged, and upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber form a sealing cloud chamber cavity while fastening; Described steam chamber is a cylindrical transparent chamber, and its bottom is provided with the second temperature control sheet and the second temperature sensor, is also reserved with pressure tap on steam chamber, and pressure tap position is provided with the second measuring cell; The signal input part of described pickup camera, the first temperature control sheet and the second temperature control sheet is all connected with the signal output part of computer unit, described the first measuring cell, the second measuring cell, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and pickup camera signal output part be connected respectively the signal input part of computer unit.
Described upper cloud chamber rear side is provided with backrest, upper cloud chamber by backrest be supported on lower cloud chamber directly over, lower cloud chamber bottom is provided with crane, crane bottom is provided with base.
Before gas admittance valve import, be provided with filter membrane device; The pickup camera of upper cloud chamber top adopts CCD camera; Between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, illuminating lamp adopts LED illuminating lamp.
the present invention has following beneficial effect compared to existing technology:
At present, the routine observation of the meteorological bound pair Atmospheric Ice Nuclei of China not yet launches, and academia is not perfect to the scientific observation of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei.Existing Atmospheric Ice Nuclei observation instrument is difficult to distinguish different coring mechanism, can only control single meteorological element, be difficult to the accuracy of observation that reaches higher, and observation procedure is comparatively numerous and diverse.
The present invention can measure respectively the coring or condense of sublimating and freeze Atmospheric Ice Nuclei under coring machining function and form several concentration of ice crystal; The present invention can also measure several concentration of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei formation ice crystal under different temperatures, different humidity, different pressures condition; Obtaining of observation data of the present invention can be by the taking pictures and the processing of computer unit software of CCD camera, and precision is higher; The present invention can measure temperature and pressure automatically by computer unit, A.T.C and humidity.
Cloud chamber system of the present invention can be distinguished different coring mechanism, and the meteorological element that sub-control is different improves the right accuracy of observation of instrument, improves overall observation timeliness.Thereby be meteorological routine observation and the Meteorological Science research equipment that provides the necessary technical.
Physics of cloud and precipitation research is at present still deep, still not comprehensive, and the present invention can provide basic data for physics of cloud and precipitation subject; China drops at most in the world at present, carries out largest country aspect weather modification, and the present invention can provide science professional guidance for Weather modification operation; At present climate change and climatic effect be by being paid close attention in the whole world, and the present invention can predict basic the observational facts is provided for climate change and climatic effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention for the cloud chamber of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the present invention for the cloud chamber system of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting.
Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of the present invention for the cloud chamber system of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting.
In figure: 1-computer unit; 2-aspiration pump; 3-air inlet filter membrane; 4-gas admittance valve; 5-extraction valve; The upper cloud chamber of 6-, cloud chamber under 7-; 8-crane; 9-backrest; 10-base; 11-CCD camera; 12-LED illuminating lamp; 13-the first measuring cell; 13 ＇-the second measuring cells; 14-the first temperature sensor; 14 ＇-the second temperature sensors; 15-sampling sheet; 16-the first temperature control sheet; 16 ＇-the second temperature control sheets; 17-water vapor valve; 18-steam chamber; 19-ice face; 20-pressure tap; 20 ＇-pressure tap; 21-sampling sheet support.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated:
embodiment mono-:
As shown in Figure 1, it comprises cloud chamber 6, lower cloud chamber 7 and steam chamber 18 cloud chamber of the present invention, and upper and lower cloud chamber is the case shape being oppositely arranged, and upper and lower cloud chamber forms a cylindrical seal cloud chamber cavity while fastening.
embodiment bis-:
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention comprises for the cloud chamber system of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting, the sealing cloud chamber cavity of lower cloud chamber composition, steam chamber 18 and computer unit 1, wherein go up cloud chamber 6 CCD camera 11 is installed, LED illuminating lamp 12 and the first measuring cell 13, lower cloud chamber is connected with crane 87 times, crane is fixed on base 10, upper cloud chamber is also fixed on base 10 by backrest 9, in lower cloud chamber chamber 7, be placed with aerocolloidal sampling sheet 15, this sampling sheet 15 is set on the first temperature control sheet 16, the first temperature sensor 14 is connected with sampling sheet 15, the first temperature sensor 14 gathers the temperature signal of sampling sheet 15, upper cloud chamber 6 right-hand members are connected with steam chamber 18, steam chamber 18 left ends are connected with upper cloud chamber 7 by water vapor valve 17, steam chamber 18 is provided with the second measuring cell 13 ＇, the second temperature control sheet 16 ＇ are housed in it, make the upper distilled water of the second temperature control sheet 16 ＇ become ice face 19, the second temperature sensor 14 ＇ (being located at ice face following) can to measure the temperature of ice face.Upper cloud chamber chamber 6 left ends connect gas admittance valve 4, extraction valve 5, aspiration pump 2 and air inlet filter membrane 3, and aspiration pump 2 is connected with upper cloud chamber 6 by extraction valve 5, and air inlet filter membrane 3 is connected with upper cloud chamber 6 by gas admittance valve 4; Observing and controlling is controlled CCD camera 11, LED illuminating lamp 12, the first measuring cell 13, the second measuring cell 13 ＇, the first temperature sensor 14, the second temperature sensor 14 ＇, the first temperature control sheet 16, the second temperature control sheet 16 ＇ by computer unit 1 and is realized the control and measurement to meteorological condition in cloud chamber cavity.
The multiple temperature controlling instrumentss such as the present invention has adopted first, second temperature sensor, first, second temperature control sheet, utilize PID process controlling, make temperature control result precision, stabilization.
The present invention passes through the control to the interior ice surface temperature in steam chamber 18 and pressure, thereby utilizes formula
[in formula:
be Ice-saturation vapour pressure (hPa), T is temperature (K),
freezing point temperature 273.16K,
freezing point air pressure 6.1173hPa] calculate Ice-saturation vapour pressure in steam chamber, utilize the connection of water vapor valve to make and steam chamber in Ice-saturation vapour pressure equate with the vapour pressure in cloud chamber chamber, recycling formula
[in formula:
be saturation vapour pressure (hPa), T is temperature (K),
boiling temperature 373.15K,
boiling point air pressure 1013.25hPa] calculate the saturation vapour pressure in cloud chamber chamber, finally utilizing f in formula f=e/E[formula is relative humidity (%), e is vapour pressure (hPa), E is saturation vapour pressure (hPa)] calculate the relative humidity in cloud chamber chamber, make ingeniousization of control, precision to humidity.
The present invention is provided with gas admittance valve 4, in cloud chamber when work, is closed it and can give full play to the effect of aspiration pump 2, and open it need to change sampling sheet time, can make gas enter cloud chamber, and the air inlet filter membrane 3 of impurity screening has been installed in its front portion, stoped entering of outside atmosphere ice-nucleus and other particulate.
The present invention has used CCD camera 11 as observation instrument, used LED illuminating lamp 12 as illuminations, computer unit 1 obtains after the pictures taken of CCD camera, sampling sheet base plate is defined as to black, upper ice crystal is defined as white, and it is done to gridding matrix disposal, is defined as ice-nucleus when there is continuous white area scope in black region, finally accumulation draws ice-nucleus sum, and converses the ice-nucleus concentration in unit volume; Thereby make observation pictures sharpening, observed result precision.
the workflow of this cloud chamber system is as follows:
The first step: utilize aerosol sampler, the particulate including Atmospheric Ice Nuclei is collected on sampling sheet;
Second step: sampling sheet is put into lower cloud chamber chamber, regulate crane that upper and lower cloud chamber is closely cooperated, and be adjusted to level;
The 3rd step is injected the dark distilled water of approximately 0.5 cm in steam chamber, opens each system switching, and the brightness of LED illuminating lamp is set;
The 4th step: close vent valve, open aspiration pump, make cloud chamber chamber internal gas pressure in 0 handkerchief left and right;
The 5th step: temperature, the humidity that observe are set in computer unit, and the steam valve of fetching boiling water, after each meteorological element is stable, utilizes CCD camera observation pictures, utilizes computer unit hourly observation result;
The 6th step: repeat the 5th step operation, measure several concentration of Atmospheric Ice Nuclei under other meteorological element condition;
The 7th step: close aspiration pump, open gas admittance valve, take out sampling sheet, shutdown system.
Claims (10)
1. the cloud chamber for Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting, it is characterized in that: it comprises cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber and steam chamber, described steam chamber is communicated with upper cloud chamber through water vapor valve, upper cloud chamber is also connected with aspiration pump and gas admittance valve, the top of upper cloud chamber is sealed transparent quartz glass, and above upper cloud chamber, pickup camera is installed, and between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, is also provided with illuminating lamp, upper cloud chamber is reserved with pressure tap, and pressure tap position is provided with the first measuring cell; Lower cloud chamber is built-in with the first temperature control sheet, the first temperature sensor and sampling sheet, on the first temperature control sheet, sampling sheet is set, and the first temperature sensor connects sampling sheet; Described upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber are the case shape being oppositely arranged, and upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber form a sealing cloud chamber cavity while fastening; Described steam chamber is a cylindrical transparent chamber, and its bottom is provided with the second temperature control sheet and the second temperature sensor, is also reserved with pressure tap on steam chamber, and pressure tap position is provided with the second measuring cell.
2. cloud chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper cloud chamber rear side is provided with backrest, upper cloud chamber by backrest be supported on lower cloud chamber directly over, lower cloud chamber bottom is provided with crane, crane bottom is provided with base.
3. cloud chamber according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: before described gas admittance valve import, be provided with filter membrane device.
4. cloud chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pickup camera adopts CCD camera.
5. cloud chamber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: between described pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, illuminating lamp adopts LED illuminating lamp.
6. the cloud chamber system for Atmospheric Ice Nuclei activation counting, it is characterized in that: it comprises cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber, steam chamber and computer unit, described steam chamber is communicated with upper cloud chamber through water vapor valve, upper cloud chamber is also connected with aspiration pump and gas admittance valve, the top of upper cloud chamber is sealed transparent quartz glass, and above upper cloud chamber, pickup camera is installed, and between pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, is also provided with illuminating lamp, upper cloud chamber is reserved with pressure tap, and pressure tap position is provided with the first measuring cell; Lower cloud chamber is built-in with the first temperature control sheet, the first temperature sensor and sampling sheet, on the first temperature control sheet, sampling sheet is set, and the first temperature sensor connects sampling sheet; Described upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber are the case shape being oppositely arranged, and upper cloud chamber, lower cloud chamber form a sealing cloud chamber cavity while fastening; Described steam chamber is a cylindrical transparent chamber, and its bottom is provided with the second temperature control sheet and the second temperature sensor, is also reserved with pressure tap on steam chamber, and pressure tap position is provided with the second measuring cell; The signal input part of described pickup camera, the first temperature control sheet and the second temperature control sheet is all connected with the signal output part of computer unit, and the signal output part of described the first measuring cell, the second measuring cell, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and pickup camera is connected respectively the signal input part of computer unit.
7. cloud chamber system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described upper cloud chamber rear side is provided with backrest, upper cloud chamber by backrest be supported on lower cloud chamber directly over, lower cloud chamber bottom is provided with crane, crane bottom is provided with base.
8. cloud chamber system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: before described gas admittance valve import, be provided with filter membrane device.
9. cloud chamber system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described pickup camera adopts CCD camera.
10. cloud chamber system according to claim 6, is characterized in that: between described pickup camera and upper cloud chamber top, illuminating lamp adopts LED illuminating lamp.
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| CN105388540B (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-11-07 | 黑河学院 | Temperature and humidity pressure comprehensive generator is used in a kind of temperature-humidity sensor calibrating |
| CN105973891B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-01-18 | 武汉大学 | Condensed state structure develops the pattern recognition device and method of real-time monitoring in gas |
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| CN106290371B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉大学 | A kind of pattern recognition device and method of gas condensation state structural evolution real-time monitoring |
| CN106290369B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉大学 | Condensed state structure develops the pattern recognition device and method of real-time monitoring in fluid |
| CN107091854A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-08-25 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Simulate experimental provision and its control method that femtosecond laser interacts with cirrocumulus |
| CN107478653B (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2023-06-16 | 北京大学 | Ice core concentration and ice formation activity detection device and detection method in infiltration core mode |
| CN107764824B (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2023-12-22 | 北京大学 | Offline detection device and method for ice core concentration and ice formation activity in infiltration core mode |
| CN110220829B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-06-01 | 北京市人工影响天气办公室 | Ice core concentration measuring system and method |
| CN110389150B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2022-04-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Measuring system for atmospheric ice nucleus activation rate |
| CN110376238B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2024-05-24 | 成都信息工程大学 | Airborne quick ice core activation counter |
| CN111261002A (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2020-06-09 | 北京易盛泰和科技有限公司 | Device and method for simulating cloud cluster encounter |
| CN112730165A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-04-30 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Ice crystal monitoring devices |
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| SU1023269A1 (en) * | 1981-02-19 | 1983-06-15 | Государственное Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Теплофизического Приборостроения | Ice-formation nuclei concentration determination method |
| US4662180A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1987-05-05 | Menocal Serafin G | Isothermally heatsunk diffusion cloud chamber refrigerator |
| CN1268889C (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2006-08-09 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Experimental cooling stage and system for predicting freezing nuclei content in water |
| CN1281119C (en) * | 2004-02-13 | 2006-10-25 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Movable mixed cloud chamber for continuous supply of super-cooling fog |
| CN101480157B (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2013-06-19 | 金德镇 | Hypersonic speed air current refrigeration coring device for weather modification |
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