CN1276058A - 热交换器 - Google Patents

热交换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1276058A
CN1276058A CN97182187A CN97182187A CN1276058A CN 1276058 A CN1276058 A CN 1276058A CN 97182187 A CN97182187 A CN 97182187A CN 97182187 A CN97182187 A CN 97182187A CN 1276058 A CN1276058 A CN 1276058A
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header
pipe
heat exchanger
straight
pipes
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CN1149382C (zh
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L·福克达尔
P·格伦德拉克
L·徐
J·佩特森
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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Norsk Hydro ASA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05375—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with particular pattern of flow, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204—Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)

Abstract

一种热交换器,包括多个平直管(1),用于在所述管(1)内部流动的第一流体和在所述管(1)外部流动的第二流体之间热交换。一对中空集流管(3,4)连接在平直管(1)的端部,集流管(3,4)内有入口(6)和出口(7),用于将第一流体引入平直管及将第二流体排出。每个集流管(3,4)由至少两个横截面基本圆形的平行管(16,17,18,19)构成,两个相邻的管有整体壁部分(20,21,22),由此提供基本平直的集流管(3,4)。

Description

热交换器
本发明涉及一种热交换器，其包括多个平直管、一对连接在平直管各端部的中空集流管、在集流管内提供的入口和出口，其中平直管用于在所述管内部流动的第一流体和在所述管外部流动的第二流体之间进行热交换，入口和出口用于引导第一流体进入平直管以及将其排出平直管。
这种热交换器可从EP-A-0359358中已知。
在该已知的热交换器中，集流管由一些具有圆形横截面的管构成。这些管备有形状与热传递管的横截面相应的孔，用以接纳管端部。这种设计被证明对这种热交换器内使用传统压力时非常有利。通常在低压侧使用2.5-6巴(bar)的压力，而在高压侧使用15到30巴之间的压力。由于引入较高压，集流管的壁厚不得不增加。这对使用高压CO2的热交换器尤其如此，其低压在35-80巴之间，高压在80-170巴之间。
集流管这种尺寸的增加导致了热交换器尺寸大而笨重，这在用于机动设备如客车或类似物中的热交换器中尤其不利。
因此本发明的目的在于提供一种没有上述缺点的热交换器。
该目的及其他目的是这样获得的，即每个集流管由至少两个平行管组成，其中两个相邻管具有共同壁部分。
通过这样设计集流管的形状，可以明显减小集流管的尺寸和质量，尤其与传统的圆形集流管相比。
通过使集流管由多个圆形横截面的平行管构成，可以使用较小壁厚，因为小直径的这种管强度比大直径的管大得多。而且，集流管的内部容积减少了，从而导致在该热交换器中可使用更少的热交换流体。
本发明的其他优点和特征可从下面参考附图所作的描述中变得更清楚。
图1是根据本发明的热交换器的示意图。
图2是图1中集流管沿II-II线的横截面。
图3是用于图1热交换器的集流管的正视图。
图4是图3的集流管的侧视图。
图5是图3所示集流管正视图的放大图，其更详细地示出了孔。
参见图1到图4，图示的热交换器包括多个平行堆叠的平直热传递管1和夹在平直管1之间的波形叶片2。管1的端部1a连接在集流管3和4上。每个热传递管可以用挤制铝制成，具有平直形状。作为另一种选择，平直管可以是多孔平直管，通常称为多口管或其他，可以使用电接合管。多口管可通过挤压制成，但也可以通过滚压金属包覆层(clad sheet)，叠合及钎焊制成。另外，可以使用插入导流板的焊接管。
在所示实施例中各波形叶片的宽度于平直管的宽度大致相似，但其他宽度也可以。叶片2和平直管1钎焊在一起。集流管3，4用铝管制成，带有形状与热传递管1的横截面相同的孔5，用以接纳管的端部1a。孔5也可以定做，如成锥形，以使平直管更易于进入。插入的管端部1a被钎焊在孔5内。如图1所示，集流管3，4分别接在入口总管6和出口总管7上。入口总管6允许热交换流体进入集流管3，而出口总管7允许热交换流体排出。集流管3和4分别由帽或塞8和9封闭。参考标号13和14表示附装在最外层叶片2上的侧板。
集流管3的内部空间被导流板10分成两部分，集流管4被导流板11分成两部分。由此提供的介质路径在集流管3开始，经第一组管1，再流经部分集流管4，再经第二组管1到集流管3，经第三组管1到集流管4，最后经出口7离开热交换单元。很清楚，也可以用没有导流板的集流管，反过来，也可以用每个集流管有多个导流板的集流管。
热交换流体以之字形流经热交换单元。
集流管3和4基本一样，图2-4更详细地示出了集流管的一个实施例。集流管3实际上由多出口挤压管构成，图示实施例中有四个通道16，17，18，19。但很清楚任何数目的通道都可以。集流管3可看作多个管，每个管构成通道16，17，18，19中的一个，并有壁部分20，21，22，其对每两个管来说是共同的。因此，壁部分20对构成通道16和17来说是共同的，壁部分21对构成通道17和18来说是共同的，壁部分22对构成通道18和19来说是共同的。或多或少垂直于共同壁部分20、21的管的壁部分24和25基本在一个平面上，因此形成了一个基本平的表面。
如图3和4更清楚地所示，集流管3的壁部分24备有多个孔5。这些孔5有一个与平直管1横截面的外部尺寸和形状相应的横截面。这些孔可借助开槽或切口获得。如图2所示，这些孔延伸一定深度，到达共同壁部分20，21和22，在这里终止于共同平直表面31。管1的端部1a可以插入孔5中这个深度，可通过普遍公知的方法之一接到集流管3上。通过这种方法，可在集流管3和单个管1之间获得流体连接。最好通过给集流管增加材料使每个孔的深度增加。
如果多口压制管的管端部1a完全插入到集流管2内表面31的水平，该多口压制管的多个通道被壁部分20，21，22堵住，在热传递过程中不起作用。可以使用多个装于通道16，17，18，19开口部分前方的各个切口中的多口压制管。通常这样很笨重，优选的是闭塞多口传递管1中与壁部分20，21，22相对的通道。
作为另一种选择，可以增加孔5的深度直到32所示的水平。如果管1现在插入到表面31的水平并固定在其位，则可在集流管3内的不同通道16，17，18，19之间获得连通。这样可以使压力相等并使不同通道之间的流动方式平衡。
为了便于组装，如图5所示，可以使孔5做成两段。在第一段孔5在全部宽度即平直管1的厚度上做到表面31的水平。在第二段孔在小一些的宽度上即大约平直管的厚度减去两倍的壁厚做到表面32的水平。如图5所示，通过这种方式可以在集流管孔中做成许多肩部33，使管端部1a能够被插入到表面31并连接到集流管上，从而在集流管3或4的不同通道之间获得开放的连通，这样可允许通道之间更好的横向流动方式。
肩部33有一定的长度，与集流管3或4的不同通道之间的共同壁20，21或22的厚度相应，如图2和5所示。如果将管1与集流管3或4通过钎焊连接，则部分钎焊材料可能会在肩部33的表面上流动并流入管1的内通道。为了避免这种钎焊材料的内流，可以减少肩部的长度致使肩部33只有很小的部分与管端部1a接触。
很清楚，本发明不限于上述实施例，而在落入后附权利要求范围内的同一创造性概念中可以有多种变化。尤其是可以使用两种不同的集流管，一个是管1完全插入，一个是管1部分插入以获得内部连通。

Claims (8)

1、一种热交换器，包括多个平直管、一对连接在平直管端部的中空集流管、在集流管内提供的入口和出口，其中平直管用于在所述管内部流动的第一流体和在所述管外部流动的第二流体之间进行热交换，入口和出口用于引导第一流体进入平直管以及将其排出平直管，其特征在于，每个集流管由至少两个平行管构成，其中两个相邻管具有共同壁部分。
2、如权利要求1所述的热交换器，其特征在于，集流管包括多个圆形横截面的管并构成了基本平直的一排管。
3、如权利要求1或2所述的热交换器，其特征在于，在集流管的平表面一侧做出开槽状的孔。
4、如权利要求1到3中任一项所述的热交换器，其特征在于，管只是部分插入圆形管中，从而在构成集流管的平行管之间留出连通通道。
5、如权利要求1到4中任一项所述的热交换器，其特征在于，管是多口压制管。
6、如权利要求5所述的热交换器，其特征在于，与集流管中壁部分相对的、在口热传递管中的通道被堵塞。
7、如权利要求3和5所述的热交换器，其特征在于，孔在平直排圆形管中的深度一定，热传递管只插入较少的深度。
8、如权利要求7所述的热交换器，其特征在于，孔通过给集流管增加材料而深度增加。
CNB971821879A 1997-05-12 1998-10-23 热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN1149382C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97201385.8 1997-05-12
EP97201385 1997-05-12

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CN1276058A true CN1276058A (zh) 2000-12-06
CN1149382C CN1149382C (zh) 2004-05-12

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US (1) US6155340A (zh)
EP (1) EP0981715B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3996208B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100489170B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1149382C (zh)
AT (1) ATE206515T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU5121598A (zh)
BR (1) BR9714663A (zh)
CA (1) CA2288717C (zh)
DE (1) DE69707161T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2165095T3 (zh)
PT (1) PT981715E (zh)
WO (1) WO1998051983A1 (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107091588A (zh) * 2012-02-02 2017-08-25 开利公司 用于制造扁平管翅片热交换器的方法
CN107091588B (zh) * 2012-02-02 2019-11-01 开利公司 用于制造扁平管翅片热交换器的方法

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DE69707161T2 (de) 2002-06-06
CA2288717A1 (en) 1998-11-19
CA2288717C (en) 2007-04-24
KR100489170B1 (ko) 2005-05-17
AU5121598A (en) 1998-12-08
BR9714663A (pt) 2000-07-11
JP3996208B2 (ja) 2007-10-24
CN1149382C (zh) 2004-05-12
DE69707161D1 (de) 2001-11-08
PT981715E (pt) 2002-03-28
ATE206515T1 (de) 2001-10-15
WO1998051983A1 (en) 1998-11-19
EP0981715B1 (en) 2001-10-04
KR20010012399A (ko) 2001-02-15
ES2165095T3 (es) 2002-03-01
JP2001525051A (ja) 2001-12-04
EP0981715A1 (en) 2000-03-01
US6155340A (en) 2000-12-05

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