CN1275206A - 绝热硅层 - Google Patents

绝热硅层 Download PDF

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CN1275206A
CN1275206A CN98809948A CN98809948A CN1275206A CN 1275206 A CN1275206 A CN 1275206A CN 98809948 A CN98809948 A CN 98809948A CN 98809948 A CN98809948 A CN 98809948A CN 1275206 A CN1275206 A CN 1275206A
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integrated optical
optical circuit
waveguide
silicon layer
silicon
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A·P·R·哈平
A·G·里克曼
J·R·蒂德马斯
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Lumentum Technology UK Ltd
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Bookham Technology PLC
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133Functions
    • G02B2006/12135Temperature control
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133Functions
    • G02B2006/12145Switch
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12166Manufacturing methods
    • G02B2006/12176Etching
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/011Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  in optical waveguides, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • G02F1/0113Glass-based, e.g. silica-based, optical waveguides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/0147Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on thermo-optic effects
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/21Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference
    • G02F1/225Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  by interference in an optical waveguide structure

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种形成于硅层中并被基片(5)支撑的集成光路,通过例如以桥的形式在该基片(5)上的一凹槽(2)上延伸使该硅层的一部分(1)与该基片(5)基本绝热。设有温控装置用来控制该硅层所述部分(1)或其上所设元件的温度。可以在所述部分(1)设置一热膨胀间隙(1A)以容纳所述部分(1)相对于基片(5)的热膨胀。

Description

绝热硅层
技术领域
本发明涉及一种形成于硅层中并由基片支撑的集成光路,该硅层至少有一部分与基片基本绝热。
背景技术
为了调节集成光学元件的折射率,需要对该元件进行温度控制,特别是绝缘体上外延硅(SOI)导的折射率(硅的折射率以2×10-4每度C的系数升高,与其它光学物质相比,这是一个相当大的变化)。
现有技术如EP-A-0255270提出了在硅基片上使用凹槽,以使延伸于其上的石英波导绝热,由此消除由于硅和石英不同的热膨胀系数而在波导上产生的热应力。该现有技术也披露了形成作为悬臂结构的波导的方法以提供一个由悬臂式波导位移驱动的开-关转换器。
本发明针对的是在硅层中形成的集成光路的。
发明公开
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种形成于硅层中并由基片支撑的集成光路,通过使凹槽在基片上延伸而使该硅层的一部分与该基片基本绝热,并设有温控装置用来控制该硅层的所述部分或其上所设元件的温度。
本发明的最佳特征和其他特征从本说明书所附的权利要求中将会看得很清楚。
附图的简要说明
现在将通过实施例以及参考附图详细的描述本发明,附图中:
附图1是根据本发明第一个实施例的延伸跨越基片上凹槽的绝缘体上外延硅波导的平面视图;
附图2是附图1沿a-a线的剖面视图;
附图3是与附图1相同的视图,显示了该元件的第二个实施例;
附图4是与附图1相同的视图,显示了第三个实施例中的元件;
附图5是附图3中元件的局部放大视图。
实现本发明的最佳方式
这里描述的集成光路基于绝缘体上外延硅(SOI)芯片。这种类型芯片的制造工艺在题为“Reduced defect density in silicon-on-insulator structures formed byoxygen implantation in two steps”的论文中(J.Morgail et al.Appl.Phys.Lett.,54,p526,1989)已有描述。它描述了制造超大规模集成(VLSI)绝缘体上外延硅晶片的方法。然后生长该晶片的硅层,例如通过外延生长法,以使之适合于制造本文所描述的集成干涉仪的基座。SOI芯片也可以用其它的方法制造。
附图1显示了绝缘体上外延硅波导1以桥的形式延伸跨过硅基片3上的凹槽2。凹槽以V形沟槽的形式刻蚀在该基片上,该V形沟槽的端部包括因为刻蚀的方式而产生的倾斜面2A,2B。波导1斜着延伸跨越V形沟槽2,并构成了例如Mach-Zehnder型光学开关的集成光路的一部分。
如附图2所示,该元件形成在一SOI芯片上形成,该芯片包括一上部硅层4,它与硅基片5通过一般由二氧化硅构成的隔离层6相互隔离开。波导的这种构造在题为“Low Loss Single Mode Optical Waveguides with Large Cross-Sectionin silicon-on-insulator”的论文中(J.Schmidtchen et al in Electronic Letters.27,p1486,1991)和PCT专利WO95/08787说明书中有详细说明。
延伸跨越V形沟槽的SOI波导1包括一个形成在由二氧化硅层6支撑的硅层4中的肋形波导7。附图2还显示了在肋条7和邻近的硅板4上形成的氧化涂料6A。由于在V形沟槽2的形成过程中,基片位于波导之下和与波导相邻近的部分被从SOI波导1延伸跨越的区域中除去,因此该波导1的一部分与基片5基本绝热。凹槽9的长度由其应用决定。一般凹槽9的长度为50-1000微米。
在本申请人的同样是悬而未决的申请PCT/GB96/01608(公开号WO97/42534)中也披露了延伸跨越V形沟槽的SOI波导,其中具体披露了波导突出于V形沟槽端部,并使其突出部分与置于V形沟槽中光纤的耦合更容易。
肋形波导一般是4-13微米宽,4-13微米深(从氧化层6测量),并且氧化层6一般厚度为0.4微米左右,所以悬挂波导的整个厚度为5-14微米左右。尽管肋形波导的宽度一般是4-13微米,条状波导(由硅层4组成)在其两侧和其下的氧化层6最好更宽一些,例如20-40微米,以提高悬挂的波导的强度。
附图1和2所示的元件也设有温度控制装置,例如以涂布在波导1全部或部分区域上的金属涂层9(一般是铝)的形式。如附图2所示,涂层9可以在肋形波导7的两侧和/或肋条7的带上沉积成一个或多个导电带。该导电带可以通电进行加热由此加热波导1。由于波导1的绝热,加热波导1只需要很小的能量,例如几微瓦,而且它的温度上升很快,例如以小于一毫秒/度C的速度。
也可以设置其它形式的温度控制装置,例如通过在硅层4一定区域掺杂而在条状波导中形成传导轨道。
通过在硅层4的基本绝热部分设置波导,避免了将会消耗更多能量和更难控制的加热更大面积基片的需要。
波导1的温度可以用适合的温测装置,例如穿过波导1或硅层4绝热区的其它部分形成的一个或多个pn结,来监测。附图5显示了通过在肋形波导的两侧的硅板4中形成p-掺杂和n-掺杂区10的方式穿过波导形成pn结。
可以使用其它形式的温度控制装置和温度监测装置,来加热波导1和监测波导或其所选出部分。
由于硅具有较高的热膨胀系数(大约是2×10-6/度C),在某些情况下,需要在其中准备一个热膨胀间隙1A,以容纳延伸跨越凹槽2的硅层4绝热部分的热膨胀。附图3显示了在延伸跨越凹槽2的波导中设有间隙1A的实施例。间隙1A可设置在沿着波导的任何位置,但是为了便于制造,它最好设置在如附图3所示的靠近或就在波导1的端部。间隙1A应有足够的尺寸以容纳波导的最大预期热膨胀,但一般要小于一微米宽。然而根据采用的制造工艺,实际上它可以比需要的更大。几微米宽的间隙对于光沿着肋形波导传播的影响可以忽略不计。
波导1在间隙1A两侧的端部最好被涂上一种抗反射(AR)涂层,以使菲涅尔损耗减少到忽略不计,并且波导1在间隙1A两侧的端面最好相对于波导的长度弯曲成相对垂直,以减少任何遗留的回反射。附图5A显示了设置在波导1端部间隙1A两侧的弯曲面。
考虑到延伸跨越凹槽6的硅层4绝热区的长度和尺寸及其强度,需要在其跨过凹槽2时设置一个有固定支撑的悬浮部分。它可以如附图4所示包括从硅层4形成的梁8和其下的延伸超出V形凹槽边缘的氧化层一起帮助支撑悬浮部分。也可以使用其它形式的可以提高波导绝热部分强度而又不显著损害它的绝热性能的支撑体。
以上描述的SOI芯片特别适合形成硅层的悬浮部分,而氧化层6位于硅层4之下,以保护硅层4免受制造凹槽2的刻蚀过程的侵袭。可以使用刻蚀硅速度大大快于刻蚀二氧化硅的各向异性刻蚀剂,例如CsOH或KOH,来制造图示的结构。
可以理解其它形式的凹槽2也可以使用,V形沟槽只是一个特别易于制造的例子。如附图1所示,波导1最好斜着延伸跨越V形沟槽2,好象与V形沟槽2平行,刻蚀过程倾向于在波导的两侧形成平行的V形沟槽,这比在波导底下刻蚀好。该凹槽只需具有足够的尺寸以设置波导1所需的绝热区。
波导热稳定的能力和/或控制它的温度的能力,以及由此的性能例如它的折射率在广泛的不同领域有着潜在的用途,例如作为干涉仪的可调臂,在开关中的可调光栅,可调滤波器等,特别用于需要以几毫秒的时间尺度调节的场合,并且如上所述,只能采用毫安级的电流实现这一点。
尽管以上描述的实施例是关于延伸跨越凹槽的波导的绝热区和温度控制,相同的结构可以用来使其它的集成光学部件或元件热稳定和/或控制温度。例如一个元件可以被硅桥或类似于以上描述的凸出物支撑或在其上形成,或者多个部件或集成回路的一部分可以同样的在这样的结构上设置或形成以使之与周围的结构和/或相邻近的元件绝热。在每种情况下,该桥或凸出物包括延伸跨越或越过基片5的凹槽的硅层的一部分(连同其下的氧化层)。任何形式的可在硅层中形成的并可安装在这样的悬浮部分的集成光学部件,元件或回路可以用相同的方法在其上形成。

Claims (17)

1、一种形成于硅层中并被基片支撑的集成光路,通过延伸跨越该基片上的一凹槽使该硅层的一部分与该基片基本绝热,并设有温控装置用来控制该硅层所述部分或其上所设元件的的温度。
2、一种如权利要求1所述的集成光路,其中所述温控装置包括一可以通电进行加热的金属层。
3、一种如权利要求1或2所述的集成光路,其中设置温测装置以监测所述部分的温度。
4、一种如权利要求3所述的集成光路,其中所述温测装置包括一个在所述部分形成的pn结。
5、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,其中所述部分具有一个以容纳所述部分不同于该基片热膨胀的热膨胀间隙。
6、一种如权利要求5所述的集成光路,其中所述热膨胀间隙设置在靠近或就在所述部分的端部。
7、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,当所述部分延伸跨越凹槽时,设置一个或多个支撑体来支撑该部分。
8、一种如权利要求7所述的集成光路,其中所述支撑体包括一个从凹槽边缘延伸至所述部分的横梁。
9、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,其中在硅层中形成的波导设置在所述部分。
10、一种如权利要求9所述的集成光路,其中所述波导包括一肋形硅波导。
11、一种如权利要求5和9所述的集成光路,其中所述波导在所述间隙的两侧设有弯曲面以减少从那里的回反射。
12、一种如权利要求5和9或11所述的集成光路,其中所述波导在所述间隙两侧的端部有抗反射涂层。
13、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,其中所述部分长度在50-1000微米之间。
14、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,其中所述部分宽度在40微米以下,厚度在14微米以下。
15、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路,其中所述凹槽包括一V形沟槽。
16、一种如前述任何一个权利要求所述的集成光路由一绝缘体上外延硅芯片制成。
17、一种大体如前面参考附图所描述的集成光路。
CN98809948A 1997-10-16 1998-04-15 绝热硅层 Pending CN1275206A (zh)

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GB9721818.4 1997-10-16
GB9721818A GB2320104B (en) 1997-10-16 1997-10-16 Thermally isolated silicon layer

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EP (1) EP1047968A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2001521180A (zh)
CN (1) CN1275206A (zh)
AU (1) AU7061798A (zh)
CA (1) CA2306187A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB2320104B (zh)
WO (1) WO1999021036A1 (zh)

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CA2306187A1 (en) 1999-04-29
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GB9721818D0 (en) 1997-12-17
EP1047968A1 (en) 2000-11-02
US6415066B1 (en) 2002-07-02
GB2320104B (en) 1998-11-18
AU7061798A (en) 1999-05-10
JP2001521180A (ja) 2001-11-06

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