CN1273518A - 热传感器在微波波导中的定位 - Google Patents

热传感器在微波波导中的定位 Download PDF

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CN1273518A
CN1273518A CN99801033A CN99801033A CN1273518A CN 1273518 A CN1273518 A CN 1273518A CN 99801033 A CN99801033 A CN 99801033A CN 99801033 A CN99801033 A CN 99801033A CN 1273518 A CN1273518 A CN 1273518A
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N·科罗恩
I·B·弗德伯格
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    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1861—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter

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Abstract

包含长形金属元件(23,24)的传感器(20)在微波波导中的定位方法包括:选择一种管状波导(12);确定微波传输期间所产生的磁场(3)的一般取向;以及把长形金属元件(23,24)定位成大致平行于磁场(3)的取向。传感器(20)的连接线(23,24)沿着波导(12)的纵方向延伸并且连接到波导的外壁(25)和激励该波导的同轴电缆(15)的中心导体(16)。

Description

热传感器在微波波导中的定位
本发明涉及传感器在微波装置、尤其是利用微波电磁能量来处理物体的加热器(applicator)中的定位，并且还涉及包括定位在其中的传感器的加热器。
在其内容被包括在本文中作为参考的我们先前公开的申请WO95/04385号中，我们已经公开一种经血过多处理装置，它涉及：施加在能够基本上完全被子宫粘膜吸收的频率下的微波电磁能量；监视工作温度，以便保证把子宫粘膜组织加热到大约60℃；以及在一段时间内持续地施加微波能量以便破坏子宫粘膜细胞。
因此，温度是重要的，于是在操作期间利用热偶形式的温度传感器连续地监视温度。
出现的问题是：热偶是由金属构成的，施加微波能量往往会导致直接加热热偶，这导致温度读数误差。在Field和J.W.Hand的“临床热疗实践入门”第459至465页中讨论了这个一般问题。因为使用金属传感器遇到问题，所以已经进行了以下实践：或者在断开电源时取读数(这使得不可能进行实时测量)，或者利用诸如光纤传感器的非金属传感器(这要昂贵得多)来进行测量。
可以或者利用同轴波导或者利用通常圆形截面的管状波导来传输微波电磁能量。
本发明是包含长形金属元件的传感器在微波波导中的定位方法，该方法包括：选择一种管状波导；确定微波传输期间所产生的磁场的一般取向；以及把所述长形金属元件安置在大致平行于所述磁场的取向的位置。
利用这种配置，所述磁场不会在所述金属元件中感生电流，因此，将几乎不会或完全不会干扰待检测的参数。通常，所述传感器将是检测温度的热偶，并且其固有的危险是由在热偶的金属护套中流动的电流引起的干扰。
本发明还在于一种微波加热器，它包括：管状波导，它在传输微波时产生基本上垂直于波导壁取向的电场和基本上垂直于该电场取向的磁场；以及包含长形金属元件的传感器，所述长形金属元件在波导中这样定位，使得它在微波传输期间基本上平行于磁场延伸，从而在传感器的金属元件中基本上不感生电流，否则将引起畸变。
下面将参考附图举例说明本发明，附图中：
图1是根据本发明的同轴波导的显示电场和磁场的示意的侧视图；
图2是图1的波导的示意的横截面图；
图3是图1的波导的示意的平面图；
图4是图1的波导的透视图；以及
图5是根据本发明的微波加热器的示意的侧视图。
图1中示出同轴波导的示意的截面图，其中(1)是中心导体，而(2)是外导体。当在同轴波导中传输微波能量时，磁场(3)和电场(4)总是垂直于轴线(中心导体)。由于电流(5)总是垂直于磁场流动，所以，它们总是沿着同轴波导流动或者流入它们与其接触的任何其它金属结构。因此，无论人们把金属温度传感器(6)置于同轴导出加热器中任何位置，电流将流入金属传感器，因为该传感器垂直于磁场。
图2中示出圆波导(7)的示意的横截面图，其中图解说明横电模TE11的磁场线(3)和电场线(4)。在这种配置中，电场总是垂直于波导壁(8)，而磁场总是垂直于电场。
图3中示出沿波导(7)的场分布的示意的顶视图，其中，各高电场区(4)把磁场环(3)分开。应当指出磁场环平行于波导壁(8)的侧边。
图4中示出圆波导(7)的壁中电流的示意的侧视图。这里可以看到，如果把金属传感器(6)大致与磁场平行地置于波导壁(8)的侧面，则所有电流通路将与传感器正交，因此将不在传感器(6)中产生电流。
我们已经发现，通过把温度传感器(6)大致与磁场(3)平行地置于波导壁(8)处，则基本上没有电流在传感器(6)的金属元件中流动，因此，有可能在没有显著畸变的情况下进行实时温度监视。
下面将参考图5进一步描述本发明，该图是包括按照本发明定位的温度检测热电偶等等微波加热器的示意的侧视图。
图5中，微波加热器(11)具有用介电材料(13)填充的圆波导(12)。波导(12)终止于离微波加热器(11)端部不远处，提供形成微波能量辐射天线端部的露出部分(14)。在微波加热器的远离辐射端部(14)的端部，有包含内导体(16)的同轴馈电电缆(15)后者通过直插式过渡段(17)直接激励介质填充波导(12)。内导体(16)穿到介电材料(13)的中心、到达横向导体(18)，后者从所述中心导体到达外波导壁(12)形成微波断面，使所述过度段可以把所述微波发射到介电材料(13)中，如图1至3中所示。导体(18)在到达由波导外壁(12)形成的外导体时被绝缘体绝缘。
按照本发明定位的传感器是位于辐射端部(14)的外侧用来检测工作温度的热偶(20)。按照本发明，将热偶(20)定位成基本上平行于管状波导(12)传输微波时所产生的磁场的取向，就是说，按照图2至4中元件(6)的方向而定位。此外，为了避免附加的布线，热偶(20)直接通过连接线(23)在(21)处连接到外导体波导壁，并且通过连接线(24)在(22)处连接到横向导体(18)。导线(23，24)在通过波导轴的平面内彼此平行地延伸，导线(23)终止于(21)处，而导线(24)在壁(12)的外侧延伸，直至通过(22)的垂直平面，然后围绕壁(12)的圆周延伸，到达(22)处的导体(18)。因此，热偶信号沿着把微波功率引向辐射端部(14)的同一根同轴电缆传输出去。利用传统的电路(未示出)来感测和提取所述直流信号。
热偶本身处在工作时没有感生电流的位置，这使得能够在没有任何明显畸变的情况下实时检测工作温度。
虽然未示出，但是，微波加热器(11)备有PTFE或其它适当材料的微波透明保护涂层。温度传感器感测热偶(20)设置在所述涂层和介电材料之间并且与该介电材料隔离。

Claims (12)

1.一种微波加热器(11)，它包括：
管状波导(12)，它在传输微波时产生基本上垂直于波导壁(12)取向的电场(4)和基本上垂直于该电场(4)取向的磁场(3)；以及
包含长形金属元件(20，23，24)的传感器(20)，所述长形金属元件在波导(12)中这样定位，使得它在微波传输期间基本上平行于磁场(3)延伸，从而在所述传感器的所述金属元件(23，24)中基本上不感生电流，否则传感器将产生畸变。
2.权利要求1的微波加热器，其特征在于：用介质(13)填充所述波导，所述介质(13)从所述波导的一个端部伸出以便形成发射微波辐射的天线(14)，所述传感器(20)位于所述介质天线的侧面。
3.权利要求2的微波加热器，其特征在于：所述元件(23，24)包括在通过所述波导的中心轴的平面内彼此平行地延伸的连接线，并且，一根连接线(23)连接到所述波导(12)的壁(25)，而另一根连接线(24)连接到激励所述波导的导体(16)。
4.权利要求3的微波加热器，其特征在于：利用具有中心导体(16)的的同轴电缆(15)激励所述波导，所述中心导体(16)在介质(13)的中心延伸，并且所述另一根连接线(24)连接到该中心导体。
5.权利要求4的微波加热器，其特征在于：所述中心导体(16)具有在径向上从该中心导体伸出的横向导体(18)，并且，所述另一根连接线(24)在(22)处连接到所述导体(18)的外端部。
6.权利要求5的微波加热器，其特征在于：所述导体(18)的所述外端部穿过所述波导(12)的所述壁(25)中的小孔并且与所述壁(25)电绝缘。
7.权利要求5或6的微波加热器，其特征在于：所述另一根连接线(24)从传感器(20)开始、沿着所述波导的纵方向、然后沿着所述波导(12)的所述壁(25)的圆周方向延伸，到达所述导体(18)的所述外端部。
8.以上权利要求中任何一个的适合于医疗应用的微波加热器。
9.包含长形金属元件(23，24)的传感器(20)在微波波导(12)中的定位方法，该方法包括：
选择一种管状介质填充波导(12)；
确定微波传输期间所产生的磁场(3)的一般取向；以及
把所述长形金属元件(23，24)定位成大致平行于所述磁场(3)的取向。
10.权利要求9的方法，其特征在于：利用同轴电缆(15)激励所述波导(12)，并且，所述传感器(20)的输出端连接到所述同轴电缆(15)。
11.一种基本上如本文中参考附图所描述的微波加热器。
12.一种基本上如本文中参考附图所描述的传感器的定位方法。
CNB998010332A 1998-05-06 1999-05-05 热传感器在微波波导中的定位 Expired - Fee Related CN1191792C (zh)

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GBGB9809536.7A GB9809536D0 (en) 1998-05-06 1998-05-06 Sensor positioning

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