CN1263888C - Surface alloying process of Mg or Mg-alloy product by heating and solid diffusion in furnace - Google Patents
Surface alloying process of Mg or Mg-alloy product by heating and solid diffusion in furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN1263888C CN1263888C CN 02114651 CN02114651A CN1263888C CN 1263888 C CN1263888 C CN 1263888C CN 02114651 CN02114651 CN 02114651 CN 02114651 A CN02114651 A CN 02114651A CN 1263888 C CN1263888 C CN 1263888C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a surface alloying method of Mg or Mg-alloy products by heating and solid diffusion in furnaces. In the method, different metal powder (such as aluminium, silicon, zinc, etc.) is smeared on the surface of a product by adhesives after prepared for induction heating to form an alloy modification layer on the surface of the Mg or Mg-alloy product. The method has the advantages that the modification alloy layer of the method has good corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance and self-generation and self-therapy function, and the surface alloy layer does not contain organisms. The modification alloy layer is in metallurgical combination with a Mg or Mg-alloy substrate; thus, the surface layer has less possibility of cracking or exfoliation. The method has the advantages of reasonable technological design, easy parameter control, simple operation, high rate of finished products and no environmental pollution and can be widely used for industrial production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to magnesium or Magnesiumalloy surface modifying, particularly adopt stove internal heating solid-state diffusion that magnesium and magnesium alloy are carried out alloying surface technology and processing method.
Background technology
The light specific gravity of magnesium has only 1.8g/cm
3, be equivalent to 2/3 of aluminium, 1/4 of steel.The specific tenacity of magnesium alloy and specific rigidity height, heat-conductivity conducting be good, have good damping shock absorption and capability of electromagnetic shielding concurrently; Magnesium alloy is easy to machine-shaping simultaneously, waste material easily reclaims, low in the pollution of the environment, can replace plastics to make the housing and the structural part of electronic installation, with requirements such as light, thin, the miniaturization of satisfying product and high integration, the iron and steel and the aluminum alloy junction member that also can replace traffic transport industry, weight reduction improves the energy utilization benefit.Though magnesium alloy has many advantages; but because magnesium is a kind of very active metal; in atmosphere (especially at malaria), acidic substance and salt (especially muriate), high solubleness and corrosion speed are arranged; and the corrosion product poor stability that forms and more loose, can not play effective passivation and further carry out to stop corrosive.This fatal shortcoming has seriously restricted the widespread use of magnesium alloy.
The method that present Magnesiumalloy surface modifying mainly adopts has surface modification technologies such as anodizing, plating coating.Though these technologies can be slowed down the corrosion of magnesium alloy to some extent, but still there are many deficiencies, all need cause coating to contain organism through the process procedure of organism sealing of hole as most of surface modifications; Have sharp interface between some corrosion-resistant finishes and the magnesium alloy substrate, the textura epidermoidea of formation is loose porous, and normal stress causes crack of surface layer or peels off is common; Some process procedure also can pollute environment etc.
In view of there is limitation in existing processing method, the frontier nature research that present each side all actively is devoted to the Magnesiumalloy surface modifying aspect comprises vapour deposition coating, differential arc oxidation, ion implantation chromium metal and nitrogen etc., Laser Surface Treatment etc., but above technology is still immature, technology and cost embarrass enterprise to accept, some technology also is in the exploratory stage, can't be applied in the industrial production.Under some working conditions, be anti-Mg alloy surface organic compound combustion toxigenicity, requiring the magnesium alloy anti-corrosion layer is inorganics, as parts such as the steering hand wheel of aircraft, seats, and the surface reforming layer of present most of magnesium alloy contains organism, is difficult to satisfy actual requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of present Magnesiumalloy surface modifying technology, a kind of surface modification technology method that forms magnesium or zone, magnesium alloy top layer alloying by stove internal heating solid-state diffusion is provided.Alloy layer with this method manufacturing not only keeps metallurgical binding with magnesium alloy substrate, and composition and controllable thickness system, and it is good to handle the back surface quality of workpieces.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is with different metal powder preparation backs (as aluminium, silicon, zinc etc.), is applied to product surface with binding agent, and goods are carried out the surface induction heating, forms the alloy modification layer at magnesium or magnesium alloy product surface.This method is carried out according to the following step:
A, the magnesium goods are carried out surface treatment, remove pollutent, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, usefulness metal powder and binder making metal coat material, binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium product surface, coat-thickness is 0.01~2mm;
The magnesium goods of d, coating are placed on seasoning in the air; Then,
E, the magnesium goods are placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature generally is controlled at 550~600 ℃; Generally be controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; Vacuumize or use gas shield, vacuum tightness is-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa;
F, the magnesium goods are come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium goods of surface alloying.
This method also can be carried out according to the following step:
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment, remove pollutent, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, usefulness metal powder and binder making metal coat material, binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is 0.01~2mm;
The magnesium alloy product of d, coating is placed on seasoning in the air; Then,
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature generally is controlled at 470~540 ℃; Generally be controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; Vacuumize or use gas shield, vacuum tightness is-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium alloy product of surface alloying.
The used shielding gas of such scheme is meant argon gas or N
2Gas.
The metal powder that the present invention is used is meant the powder mix of aluminium powder, zinc powder, silica flour or aluminium powder and zinc powder.Wherein, the blending ratio of aluminium powder and zinc powder is: aluminium powder: zinc powder=25~27: 73~75 or 12~50: 50~88.
In the metal coat material of the present invention's preparation, the granularity of used metal powder generally is controlled at 70~400 orders, and its optimum size scope is 200~320 orders.
Used binding agent is meant the low temperature bonding agent, as polyvinyl butyral acetal, dextrin etc.
Technical scheme of the present invention has taken into full account the characteristic of alloy element or compound and matrix metal interphase interaction, as possibility, wettability and the specific volume etc. of resolvability, formation compound; The be involutory influence of aurification modified effect of the thing that consideration forms in the alloying district is as the anti-oxidant behavior under solidity to corrosion, wear resistance and the high temperature etc.; Consider the stability of metallurgical binding between surface alloying layer and matrix, and the fragility of alloy layer, resistance to compression, performance such as counter-bending.Following mentioned above principle formulation alloying technology comprises, the formulation of the apolegamy of alloying composition, powdered alloy addition manner, stove internal heating parameter are determined etc., finally reach the control solid-state diffusion and form the alloying surface quality, improve magnesium alloy parts top layer mechanochemistry performance, realized technical purpose of the present invention.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, the modified alloy layer of the present invention's preparation not only has good corrosion stability and resistance to abrasion, and has from being conigenous doctor's function, and surface alloying layer does not contain organism simultaneously.Be metallurgical binding closely between modified alloy layer and magnesium or the magnesium alloy substrate, be difficult for the phenomenon that produces crack of surface layer or peel off.
2, in the salt air corrosion process; the continuous fine and close complex compound that this alloy layer can form; have good salt fog resistance corrosion resistance and fastness to wear; this complex compound is in case ground off by machinery; can form new protective layer; be that alloying layer has certain self-healing and self-repair function, fundamentally changed the Mg alloy surface physicochemical property, also simplified the existing surface modification technology of magnesium alloy.
3, technological design of the present invention is reasonable, and parameter is easy to control, and is simple to operate, the yield rate height, and the technology non-environmental-pollution can be widely used in the industrial production.
Description of drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Divide according to magnesium product surface alloy layer or magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer two big series products, its manufacturing process can be divided into following dual mode.Referring to Fig. 1.
Preparation method 1:
The manufacturing process steps of magnesium product surface alloy layer is as follows:
A, the magnesium goods are carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, choose metal powders such as aluminium powder, zinc powder or silica flour and binding agent preparing metal coating material in proportion, the size range of metal powder is 70~400 orders, and its optimum size scope is 200~320 orders; Binding agent is selected the low temperature bonding agent for use, as polyvinyl butyral acetal, dextrin etc.; Binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium product surface, coat-thickness is about 0.01~2mm;
D, the magnesium goods of coating are placed on seasoning in the air, vapor away until organic solvent;
E, the magnesium goods are placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature generally is controlled at 550~600 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, take two kinds of protected modes: vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, when using gas shield, that select for use is argon gas or N
2In any gas, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove;
F, the magnesium goods are come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium goods that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Preparation method 2:
The manufacturing process steps of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer is as follows:
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, choose metal powders such as aluminium powder, zinc powder or silica flour and binding agent preparing metal coating material in proportion, the size range of metal powder is 70~400 orders, and its optimum size scope is 200~320 orders; Binding agent is selected the low temperature bonding agent for use, as polyvinyl butyral acetal, dextrin etc.; Binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 0.01~2mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent;
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature generally is controlled at 470~540 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, take two kinds of protected modes: vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, when using gas shield, that select for use is argon gas or N
2In any gas, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Embodiment 1:
Make the technology of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer of aluminium powder preparing metal coating material
Concrete steps are as follows: referring to Fig. 1.
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, to choose size range be 200~320 purpose aluminium powders, uses polyvinyl butyral acetal (or dextrin) to make binding agent, the preparing metal coating material; Polyvinyl butyral acetal (or dextrin) dextrin accounts for 0.1% of aluminium powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 0.05mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent; Then,
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 480 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 6~15 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, to take to vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, or with argon gas as shielding gas, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Experiment shows, by preparation method of the present invention, there is the magnesium alloy product of alloy layer on the surface of producing, during underway property salt air corrosion test, through contrasting with the AZ91 magnesium alloy, its erosion resistance (the obvious corrosion pit time occurring) is 3.5 times of ZM5 foundry goods, and the wear resistance ratio of the wear volume of each alloying sample (the AZ91 sample with) is 2.7 times of AZ91 foundry goods.
Embodiment 2:
Make the technology of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer of zinc powder preparing metal coating material
Concrete steps are as follows: referring to Fig. 1.
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, to choose size range be 200~320 purpose zinc powders, uses polyvinyl butyral acetal (or dextrin) to make binding agent, the preparing metal coating material; Polyvinyl butyral acetal (or dextrin) accounts for 0.15% of zinc powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 0.2mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent;
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 500 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 6~20 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion,, can take to vacuumize or gas shield in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium; Vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, or use N
2Gas is sent in the stove when the stove internal heating as shielding gas;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Experiment shows that by preparation method of the present invention, there is the magnesium alloy product of alloy layer on the surface of producing, carries out the neutral salt spray corrosion test, and through contrasting with the AZ91 alloy, its erosion resistance (the obvious corrosion pit time occurring) is 3.2 times of AZ91 parts.The wear resistance ratio of the wear volume of each alloying sample (the AZ91 sample with) is 1.5 times of AZ91 foundry goods.
Embodiment 3:
Make the technology of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer of silica flour preparing metal coating material
Concrete steps are as follows: referring to Fig. 1.
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, to choose size range be 200~320 purpose silica flours, uses dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) to make binding agent, the preparing metal coating material; Dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) accounts for 0.2% of silica flour total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 1.0mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent;
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 530 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 10~30 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, can take to vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, or with Ar gas as shielding gas, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Experiment shows that by preparation method of the present invention, there is the magnesium alloy product of alloy layer on the surface of producing, carries out the neutral salt spray corrosion test, and through contrasting with the AZ91 alloy, its erosion resistance (the obvious corrosion pit time occurring) is 23.7 times of AZ91 parts.The wear resistance ratio of the wear volume of each alloying sample (the AZ91 sample with) is 8.7 times of AZ91 foundry goods.
Embodiment 4:
Make the technology of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer of mixed metal powder preparing metal coating material
Concrete steps are as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1.A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, to choose size range be 70~320 purpose aluminium powder and zinc powders, and the blending ratio of aluminium powder and zinc powder is an aluminium powder: zinc powder=25~27: 73~75;
Use dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) to make binding agent, the preparing metal coating material; Dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) accounts for 0.05~0.4% of powder mix total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 1.5mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent;
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 530 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 10~30 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, can take to vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, or with/N
2Gas is sent in the stove when the stove internal heating as shielding gas;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Experiment shows that by preparation method of the present invention, there is the magnesium alloy product of alloy layer on the surface of producing, carries out the neutral salt spray corrosion test, and through contrasting with the AZ91 alloy, its erosion resistance (the obvious corrosion pit time occurring) is 6.8 times of AZ91 parts.The wear resistance ratio of the wear volume of each alloying sample (the AZ91 sample with) is 4.7 times of AZ91 foundry goods.
Embodiment 5:
Make the technology of magnesium alloy product surface alloying layer of mixed metal powder preparing metal coating material
Concrete steps are as follows:
Referring to Fig. 1.A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment (as ramming, shot-peening etc.), remove surface contaminant, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, to choose size range be 70~320 purpose aluminium powder and zinc powders, and the blending ratio of aluminium powder and zinc powder is an aluminium powder: zinc powder=12~50: 50~88;
Use dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) to make binding agent, the preparing metal coating material; Dextrin (or polyvinyl butyral acetal) accounts for 0.05~0.4% of powder mix total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is about 2.0mm;
D, the magnesium alloy product of coating is placed on seasoning in the air, vapors away until organic solvent;
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 500 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 10~30 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, to take to vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, or with argon gas as shielding gas, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, make the magnesium alloy product that there is alloy layer on the surface.
Experiment shows that by preparation method of the present invention, there is the magnesium alloy product of alloy layer on the surface of producing, carries out the neutral salt spray corrosion test, and through contrasting with the AZ91 alloy, its erosion resistance (the obvious corrosion pit time occurring) is 11.7 times of AZ91 parts.The wear resistance ratio of the wear volume of each alloying sample (the AZ91 sample with) is 3.1 times of AZ91 foundry goods.
Embodiment 6:
Make the technology of magnesium product surface alloy layer of aluminium powder, zinc powder, silica flour or powder mix preparing metal coating material
Referring to Fig. 1.Concrete steps are as follows: a to d and f step are substantially with embodiment 1~embodiment 5.
E, the magnesium goods are placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at about 550~600 ℃, generally is controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; When stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, in order to prevent the oxidation of magnesium, can take two kinds of protected modes: vacuumize or gas shield, vacuum tightness is about-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa, when using gas shield, available is argon gas or N
2In any, when the stove internal heating, send in the stove.
Claims (4)
1. stove internal heating solid-state diffusion makes the method for magnesium product surface alloying, it is characterized in that: this method is carried out according to the following step:
A, the magnesium goods are carried out surface treatment, remove pollutent, again with the alcohol flushing, at air drying;
B, usefulness metal powder and binder making metal coat material, this metal powder is meant the powder mix of aluminium powder, zinc powder, silica flour or aluminium powder and zinc powder, the blending ratio of aluminium powder and zinc powder is 12~50: 50~88 in this powder mix; This binding agent is meant polyvinyl butyral acetal or dextrin; Binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium product surface, coat-thickness is 0.01~2mm;
The magnesium goods of d, coating are placed on seasoning in the air; Then,
E, the magnesium goods are placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at 550~600 ℃; Be controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; Vacuumize or use gas shield, vacuum tightness is-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa; Used gas is argon gas or N during gas shield
2Gas;
F, the magnesium goods are come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium goods of surface alloying.
2. stove internal heating solid-state diffusion makes the method for magnesium alloy product surface alloying, it is characterized in that: this method is carried out according to the following step:
A, magnesium alloy product is carried out surface treatment, remove pollutent, again with the alcohol flushing, then at air drying;
B, usefulness metal powder and binder making metal coat material, this metal powder is meant the powder mix of aluminium powder, zinc powder, silica flour or aluminium powder and zinc powder, the blending ratio of aluminium powder and zinc powder is 12~50: 50~88 in this powder mix; This binding agent is meant polyvinyl butyral acetal or dextrin; Binding agent accounts for 0.05~0.4% of metal powder total amount;
C, the metal coat material for preparing is evenly coated on the magnesium alloy product surface, coat-thickness is 0.01~2mm;
The magnesium alloy product of d, coating is placed on seasoning in the air; Then,
E, magnesium alloy product is placed on stove internal heating solid-state diffusion, temperature is controlled at 470~540 ℃; Be controlled at heat-up time 6~42 hours; Vacuumize or use gas shield, vacuum tightness is-4.0~-5.5 * 10 when vacuumizing
4Pa; Used gas is argon gas or N during gas shield
2Gas;
F, magnesium alloy product is come out of the stove, naturally cool to room temperature, promptly make the magnesium alloy product of surface alloying.
3. stove internal heating solid-state diffusion according to claim 1 makes the method for magnesium product surface alloying, it is characterized in that: in the preparing metal coating material, the granularity of used metal powder is 70~400 orders.
4. stove internal heating solid-state diffusion according to claim 2 makes the method for magnesium alloy product surface alloying, it is characterized in that: in the preparing metal coating material, the granularity of used metal powder is 70~400 orders.
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CN100406614C (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2008-07-30 | 沈阳工业大学 | Spray coating technology of magnesium alloy surface protective layer |
CN101748357B (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2012-03-07 | 国立云林科技大学 | Magnesium alloy surface treatment method |
CN103757585B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2016-08-24 | 西安理工大学 | Pure magnesium or Mg alloy surface diffusion coating kirsite method |
CN107858638A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-30 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of foam magnesium or foam aluminum alloy surface heat diffusion-alloying method |
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