CN1803347A - Tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material and its preparation method - Google Patents
Tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a tungsten carbide based cemented carbide powder metallurgical material and method for preparation, wherein the the constituents (by weight percentage) include WC 86-95%, Co 4-8%, Al 1-3%, TiC 0-2%, and VC 0-2%. The preparing process consists of pre-grinding, mixing, ball-grinding, and finally consolidating through electric current flash sintering method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plastic forming technology, PM technique and RP technique, specifically be meant a kind of low-cost and high-performance tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Existing tungsten carbide base carbide alloy material, mainly by matrix tungsten carbide and bonding mutually cobalt form, and mainly adopt preform and radiation heating sintering process to be prepared.Because the cobalt resource shortage causes the former cost price of material higher; The radiation heating sintering process time is long, energy resource consumption is big, sintering temperature is higher, and organizing of the agglomerated material of acquisition is thicker, and the agglomerated material performance is on the low side; And owing to do not have sintering pressure in the sintering process, the dimensional accuracy difficulty of control agglomerated material is bigger, thereby has limited the application of such material to a certain extent.
Arenas F.J. equals calendar year 2001 the 19th volume the 4th～6 phase " International Journal ofRefractory Metals﹠amp; Hard Materials " in the article " Densification; mechanicalproperties and wear behavior of WC-VC-Co-Al hardmetals " delivered and the Li Xiaodong article " WC-(Co-Al) Study of Cemented Carbide " that equals to deliver on volume the 1st phase " powder metallurgy industry " in 2004 the 14th trial property ground propose to adopt resourceful aluminum portions to replace cobalt, discover the Co that aluminium and cobalt form
2Al
5, Co
3Intermetallic compounds such as Al can help to suppress the tungsten carbide and the grain growth of cobalt mutually that bonds, thus prediction in theory, and the cobalt-Al intermetallic that generates in the sintering process can improve the mechanical property of sintered state diamondite to a certain extent.Yet easily form more hole in the aluminium diamondite material owing to contain under the pressureless sintering situation, the actual mechanical property of diamondite not only is not improved, and but has on the contrary largely to weaken.Thereby, although select aluminum portions to substitute the bonding phase of cobalt as diamondite, application prospect is boundless, but make its mechanical property reach the commercial Application level, still need by composition proportion and the preparation technology who deeply gropes alloy material, further improve the mechanical property of bonding phase and the porosity of minimizing sintered alloy material.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art part, adopt resourceful aluminum portions to replace the strategic resource cobalt, a kind of low-cost tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material is provided.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of preparation method who replaces the tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material of cobalt with aluminum portions.Combine by rational composition design and advanced preparation technology, in order to the electricity consumption sintering process time short and sintering temperature is relatively low and sintering process in the intermetallic compound that forms between cobalt-aluminium can suppress characteristics such as growing up of tungsten carbide crystal grain, the refinement sintering structure, obtain ultra-fine crystalline substance even nanocrystalline material, and utilize sintering pressure further to improve sintered density, improve the combination property of material.In addition, under the prerequisite that guarantees the material superior performance, simplify the preparation technology of material, thereby further reduce the production cost of material.
A kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material is characterized in that replacing cobalt with aluminum portions in this material mixture ratio, and component and mass percentage content thereof are as follows: WC 86～95%, Co 4～8%, Al1～3%, and TiC 0～2%, VC 0～2%, and all the other are inevitable trace impurity.
The preparation method of above-mentioned this tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
WC, Co, Al, TiC and VC powder are carried out proportioning: WC86～95%, Co4～8%, Al1～3%, TiC0～2%, VC0～2% by following mass percent consumption, and all the other are inevitable trace impurity;
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
By the pre-ball milling of above-mentioned powder stock mass percent consumption fed batch, the WC powder grain refine is to sub-micron or nanoscale in ball-milled powder, and Co, Al evenly distribute mutually, after all components fully mixes again high-energy ball milling evenly coat the WC phase mutually to Co-Al;
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
Adopt pack into ball-milled powder in the electric current sintering mould of electric current Fast Sintering, electric current Fast Sintering process conditions are as follows:
The sintering current type: square wave pulsed current is or/and continuous current
Sintering pressure: 10MPa～50MPa;
Sintering time: 2～8 minutes.
The mode of the pre-ball milling of fed batch can be carried out ball milling to WC powder earlier among the above-mentioned preparation method, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co and Al being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, carry out high-energy ball milling after then WC, Co-Al and TiC, VC being mixed by the design mix proportioning and evenly coat the WC phase mutually to Co-Al; Or earlier WC powder is carried out ball milling, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co, Al, TiC and VC being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, and to be WC then with above-mentioned two kinds of ball-milled powders carry out high-energy ball milling after by the composition proportion mixing with Co-Al-TiC-VC evenly coats the WC phase mutually to Co-Al; Or carry out ball milling after earlier WC, TiC and VC powder being mixed by proportioning, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co and Al being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, and will above-mentioned two kinds of ball-milled powders to be WC-TiC-VC carry out high-energy ball milling after by the composition proportion mixing with Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually to Co-Al.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, adopt the tungsten carbide base carbide alloy of the technology of the present invention preparation to realize with aluminum portions for cobalt, the cobalt content of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy of the same type commonly used can reduce about 20～30% in the industrial production at present, because of the aluminium price is cheap more than cobalt, thereby reduced the material cost of carbide alloy.
2, adopt the prepared powder of high-energy ball milling technology of the present invention, not only has the brilliant WC tissue of nanometer (non-), in the powder Al with nano-grade size be uniformly distributed in Co mutually in, and Co-Al is on good terms and evenly coats or be distributed in the boundary of WC phase, during for sintering, forming the Co-Al intermetallic compound and utilize Co-Al intermetallic compound inhibition WC to grow up in bonding phase Co matrix provides possibility.In addition, it is inner mutually with the Co-Al bonding that the TiC of nanoscale and/or VC mainly are distributed in WC phase boundary mutually, thereby guaranteed to give full play in the follow-up sintering process inhibitory action of TiC and/or the relative WC grain growth of VC.
3, the electric current sintering technology of the present invention's employing, but especially pulse-continuous current is realized being shaped to the Fast Sintering of ferrous alloy powder opisthosoma is fine and close within a short period of time.Compare with traditional radiation heating sintering process, adopt the electric current sintering method not only thermal efficiency height, sintering temperature is low, sintering time is short, sintered state organize more tiny even, porosity is low, and the shape and size precision of sintered body is easy to control, in addition, powder forming and sintering integratedization, do not need preform, the material preparation process route is simplified, and can reduce the material preparation cost.
4, the combination property of the material of the present invention's preparation is higher than the similar alloy that adopts traditional radiation addition sintering method preparation, is a kind of comparatively desirable cutter material.
5, its performance of advantage to sum up of the present invention has reached the commercial Application level, and good popularizing application prospect is arranged.
The specific embodiment
The invention will be further described by following embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：94.5％，
Co：4.0％，
Al：1.0％，
TiC：0.5％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; Co, Al add with simple substance form, the about 75 μ m of powder flat diameter particle diameter, and purity is greater than 99.9%; About 2～3 μ m of the particle diameter of TiC.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, ratio of grinding media to material side 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopts high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier to the independent ball milling of WC powder 75 hours, the WC powder particle reached nanoscale; After Co and Al being mixed by proportioning, ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co, Al are evenly distributed mutually again; WC powder, the Co-Al powder that TiC powder and pre-ball milling are crossed carries out proportioning by the composition of design then, and ball milling 50 hours again in the ball mill of packing into the at last mill jar makes that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying 1 minute square wave pulsed current earlier, and then applies 5 minutes continuous currents again powder is carried out Fast Sintering.Wherein, the peak value of pulse current, base value, frequency and dutycycle are respectively 3000A, 360A, 50Hz and 50%, and continuous current is 1500A.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 30MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 6 minutes sintering is 14.6g/cm
3, the about 250nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA95 and 1680MPa.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：90.5％，
Co：6.0％
Al：1.5％，
TiC：2.0％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; Co, Al add with simple substance form, the about 75 μ m of powder flat diameter particle diameter, and purity is greater than 99.9%; About 2～3 μ m of the particle diameter of TiC.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopt high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier to the independent ball milling of WC powder 75 hours, the WC powder particle reached nanoscale; After Co, Al, TiC being mixed by proportioning, ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co in the ball-milled powder, Al are evenly distributed mutually again; The WC powder that pre-ball milling is crossed, Co-Al-TiC powder carry out proportioning by the composition of design and mix then, and ball milling 50 hours again in the ball mill of packing into the at last mill jar makes that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying 2 minutes square wave pulsed current earlier, and then applies 6 minutes continuous currents again powder is carried out Fast Sintering.Wherein, the peak value of pulse current, base value, frequency and dutycycle are respectively 3000A, 360A, 50Hz and 50%, and continuous current is 1500A.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 10MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 8 minutes sintering is 14.7g/cm
3, the about 300nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA94 and 1840MPa.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：88.5％，
Co：8.0％，
Al：2.0％，
TiC：0.5％，
VC：1.0％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; The about 75 μ m of the flat diameter particle diameter of Co and Al simple substance powder, purity is greater than 99.9%; The particle diameter of TiC and VC all is about 2～3 μ m.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopt high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier TiC, VC and WC powder are mixed after by the design mix proportioning, the ball milling ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, reaches submicron order to the WC powder particle; Co and Al are pressed after the design mix proportioning mixes, ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co, Al are evenly distributed mutually again; At last the pre-ball-milled powder of WC-TiC-VC and the pre-ball-milled powder of Co-Al are undertaken after proportioning mixes by the composition of design, ball milling is 50 hours in the ball mill of packing into the mill jar, makes that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying 6 fens square-wave pulse stream electric currents powder is carried out Fast Sintering.Wherein, the peak value of square wave pulsed current, base value, frequency and dutycycle are respectively 3000A, 360A, 50Hz and 50%.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 50MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 6 minutes sintering is 14.5g/cm
3, the about 200nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA94 and 1550MPa.
Embodiment 4:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：86.5％，
Co：8.0％，
Al：3％，
TiC：0.5％，
VC：2.0％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; The about 75 μ m of the flat diameter particle diameter of Co and Al simple substance powder, purity is greater than 99.9%; The particle diameter of TiC and VC all is about 2～3 μ m.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopt high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier TiC, VC and WC powder press the design mix proportioning and mix, the ball milling ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, reaches submicron order to the WC powder particle; Again Co and Al are pressed the mixing of design mix proportioning, ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co, Al are evenly distributed mutually; At last the pre-ball-milled powder of WC-TiC-VC and the pre-ball-milled powder of Co-Al are carried out proportioning by the composition of design and mix, reinstalled in the ball mill mill jar ball milling 50 hours, make that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying the 1600A continuous current powder is carried out Fast Sintering.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 30MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 2 minutes sintering is 14.4g/cm
3, the about 300nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA92 and 1610MPa.
Embodiment 5:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：88.0％，
Co：8.0％，
Al：2.0％，
TiC：1.0％，
VC：1.0％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; Co, Al add with simple substance form, the about 75 μ m of powder flat diameter particle diameter, and purity is greater than 99.9%; The particle diameter of TiC and VC all is about 2～3 μ m.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopt high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier to the independent ball milling of WC powder 50 hours, the WC powder particle reached submicron order; After Co, Al, TiC and VC being mixed by proportioning, ball milling is 25 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co, Al are evenly distributed mutually again; The WC powder that pre-ball milling is crossed, Co-Al-TiC-VC powder carry out proportioning by the composition of design then, and ball milling 50 hours again in the ball mill of packing into the at last mill jar makes that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying 1 minute square wave pulsed current earlier, and then applies 5 minutes continuous currents again powder is carried out Fast Sintering.Wherein, the peak value of pulse current, base value, frequency and dutycycle are respectively 3000A, 360A, 50Hz and 50%, and continuous current is 1500A.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 30MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 6 minutes sintering is 14.5g/cm
3, the about 250nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA93 and 1820MPa.
Embodiment 6:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
Alloying component:
WC：91.5％，
Co：6.0％，
Al：1.5％，
VC：1.0％，
Contain inevitable trace impurity.
The WC powder that the WC raw material adopts blue tungsten powder to produce along the hydrogen reduction carbonizatin method, the about 3 μ m of its average particulate diameter, about 0.5～0.8 μ m of crystal grain; Co, Al add with simple substance form, the about 75 μ m of powder flat diameter particle diameter, and purity is greater than 99.9%; The particle diameter of VC all is about 2～3 μ m.
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
All mechanical milling processes are all finished in planetary ball mill, and the abrading-ball material adopts the WC carbide alloy, and ratio of grinding media to material is 10: 1, and ball milling speed is 266r/min, and adopt high-purity Ar gas as protective atmosphere.
Earlier to the independent ball milling of WC powder 50 hours, the WC powder particle reached submicron order; After Co, Al and VC being mixed by proportioning, ball milling is 50 hours in the high energy ball mill of packing into the mill jar, and Co, Al are evenly distributed mutually again; The WC powder that pre-ball milling is crossed, Co-Al-VC powder carry out proportioning by the composition of design then, and ball milling 50 hours again in the ball mill of packing into the at last mill jar makes that Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually in the alloy powder.
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
With the 20g ball-milled powder diameter of packing into is in the ceramic post sintering mould of Φ 20mm, by applying 1 minute square wave pulsed current earlier, and then applies 5 minutes continuous currents again powder is carried out Fast Sintering.Wherein, the peak value of pulse current, base value, frequency and dutycycle are respectively 3000A, 360A, 50Hz and 50%, and continuous current is 1500A.In the whole process of energising sintering, body of powder is applied the 30MPa sintering pressure by positive and negative electrode.The density of the WC based hard alloy material that obtains through 6 minutes sintering is 14.6g/cm
3, the about 250nm of the crystallite dimension of WC, normal temperature hardness and bending strength are respectively HRA94 and 1750MPa.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material, it is characterized in that replacing cobalt with aluminum portions in this material mixture ratio, component and mass percentage content thereof are as follows: WC 86～95%, Co 4～8%, Al 1～3%, TiC 0～2%, and VC 0～2%, and all the other are inevitable trace impurity.
2, the preparation method of a kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material according to claim 1 is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
Step 1: the composition design of tungsten carbide base carbide alloy powder
WC, Co, Al, TiC and VC powder are carried out proportioning: WC86～95%, Co 4～8%, Al 1～3%, TiC 0～2%, VC 0～2% by following mass percent consumption, and all the other are inevitable trace impurity;
Step 2: high-energy ball milling prepares cemented carbide powder
Press the pre-ball milling of above-mentioned raw materials powder quality percentage consumption fed batch, the WC powder grain refine is to sub-micron or nanoscale in ball-milled powder, and Co, Al evenly distribute mutually, after all components fully mixes again high-energy ball milling evenly coat the WC phase mutually to Co-Al;
Step 3: electric current sintering ball-milled powder
Adopt pack into ball-milled powder in the electric current sintering mould of electric current Fast Sintering, electric current Fast Sintering process conditions are as follows:
The sintering current type: square wave pulsed current is or/and continuous current
Sintering pressure: 10MPa～50MPa;
Sintering time: 2～8 minutes.
3, the preparation method of a kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material according to claim 2 is characterized in that the pre-ball milling of fed batch is meant in this method:
Earlier WC powder is carried out ball milling, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co and Al being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, carry out high-energy ball milling after then WC, Co-Al and TiC, VC being mixed by the design mix proportioning and evenly coat the WC phase mutually to Co-Al.
4, the preparation method of a kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material according to claim 2 is characterized in that the pre-ball milling of fed batch is meant in this method:
Earlier WC powder is carried out ball milling, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co, Al, TiC and VC being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, and to be WC then with above-mentioned two kinds of ball-milled powders carry out high-energy ball milling after by the composition proportion mixing with Co-Al-TiC-VC evenly coats the WC phase mutually to Co-Al.
5, the preparation method of a kind of tungsten carbide base hard alloy powder metallurgical material according to claim 2 is characterized in that the pre-ball milling of fed batch is meant in this method:
Carry out ball milling after earlier WC, TiC and VC powder being mixed by proportioning, until the WC powder grain refine to sub-micron or nanoscale, carry out ball milling after again Co and Al being mixed by proportioning, Co, Al evenly distribute mutually in ball-milled powder, and will above-mentioned two kinds of ball-milled powders to be WC-TiC-VC carry out high-energy ball milling after by the composition proportion mixing with Co-Al evenly coats the WC phase mutually to Co-Al.
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