CN1263880A

CN1263880A - Puffed compoite fertilizer and its preparing process

Info

Publication number: CN1263880A
Application number: CN00101789A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张秋贵
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2000-02-03
Filing date: 2000-02-03
Publication date: 2000-08-23

Abstract

A puffed composite fertilizer is prepared from one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride and puffing agent composed of ammonium dicarbonate and magnesium sulfate or zinc sulfate. Its advantages are quick dissolving, quick taking its effet, high utilization rate, and low cost.

Description

Puffed compound fertilizer and its production method

The invention relates to a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers.

Since the eighties, the compound fertilizer is widely popularized and used in agriculture, and is a granular fertilizer with certain grains. Its advantages are uniform distribution of nutrients in particles, good physical properties, convenient application, and high productivity. However, the compound granular fertilizer has the defects of long water dissolution time and low water dissolution speed, and is only suitable for base fertilizers but not suitable for additional manuring. In recent years, agricultural production structures and agricultural production technologies have changed greatly, and new technologies such as mulching film covering, sunlight greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are popularized and applied widely, so that the technology becomes an important measure for increasing the agricultural yield. The fertilization technology is also developed from base fertilizer and additional fertilizer to water flush application, the water flush application needs the quick solubility and the quick availability of the fertilizer, and the use of the granular fertilizer is further restricted by the defect of slow water-soluble speed of the traditional granular fertilizer. Meanwhile, the production of the granular compound fertilizer must be provided with material making equipment and drying equipment, such as a granulator, a dryer and the like, and besides a large amount of energy is consumed, the equipment investment is large, and the production is not easy to bear by small and medium enterprises.

In addition, how to fully utilize ammonium bicarbonate is a concern for professionals. The ammonium bicarbonate has large yield in China, convenient application and good fertilizer effect, but because of strong volatility, the ammonium bicarbonate can not be used as a raw material of a compound fertilizer, or a large amount of synthetic ammonia can volatilize in the processes of storage, transportation and application, so that great loss is caused, which is a problem which can not be solved for a long time.

The invention aims to provide a puffed solid compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the puffed solid compound fertilizer has the advantages of instant dissolution, high efficiency, simple production process and no need of complex equipment.

The purpose of the invention is completed by the following technical scheme:

the puffed compound fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride, and is characterized in that: it also contains swelling agent, and the addition amount of swelling agent is 8-15%of total weight.

The bulking agent is the mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate or zinc sulfate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the magnesium sulfate or the zinc sulfate is 1: 1.0-1.6.

The manufacturing method of the invention is as follows:

a. pulverizing

The compound fertilizer is crushed according to the proportion and is mixed by a sieve with the diameter of 2 mm.

b. Making puffing agent

The ammonium bicarbonate and the magnesium sulfate or the zinc sulfate are mixed and stirred evenly according to the weight ratio, and the mixture is sieved by a sieve with the diameter of 2mm, and then the mixture is used after being mixed.

c. Mixing and blending

Mixing the compound fertilizer and the swelling agent, stirring uniformly, piling and puffing for 40-50 hours, and spreading and airing the escaped gas for 60-80 hours.

According to the manufacturing method, the water content of the compound fertilizer is 5-8%.

The puffed compound fertilizer produced by the raw materials and the process has the following advantages:

1. the compound fertilizer has high loose and hydrophilic property after being puffed, can be used for dressing and flushing, can be sprayed with water during flushing, can be quickly diffused and dissolved without residue, takes effect in 48 hours, and is very convenient to apply. The utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved by 3-5 percent by calculation, the effects of instant dissolution, quick effect and high utilization rate are achieved, and the fertilizer is an ideal fertilizer for flushing and applying.

2. The productionprocess is simple, no complex equipment is needed, the processing cost is only one tenth of that of the granulation technology, the production cost of the compound fertilizer can be greatly reduced, and a large amount of fuel can be saved.

3. The complex reaction of ammonium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate as swelling agent has the function of fixing ammonia, which is not reported in the prior literature, so that the traditional concept that the ammonium bicarbonate can not be used for preparing compound fertilizer is broken through, the synthetic ammonia loss of the ammonium bicarbonate is greatly reduced, great economic benefit is obtained, and the problem which is not solved for a long time is solved.

4. In the implementation of the puffing process, the puffing agent also plays a role in whitening in the reaction process, so that the product is white in color. The process can realize natural dehydration at normal temperature and normal pressure, does not need a drying process and saves fuel.

The following is a detailed description of the expanded compound fertilizer and the manufacturing method thereof.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the slow complexation reaction is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, two compounds which emit carbon dioxide gas are selected as swelling agents, the powdery compound fertilizer is mixed with the swelling agents, the carbon dioxide gas emitted by the swelling agents is used as a gas source, the water content of the compound fertilizer is used as confining liquid, and the compound fertilizer is processed into fluffy and uniform particles with the particle size of 1-2mm by utilizing the air impact effect of the carbon dioxide gas.

The chemical reaction formula of the swelling agent is as follows:

1.

2.

the flow chart of the puffing process by the air impact method is as follows:

selecting materials, crushing, mixing with fertilizer, adding swelling agent, stirring, sieving, stacking, puffing, spreading for cooling, sieving, and packaging.

The process is described in detail below with reference to examples.

Example 1

The raw material formula comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

30% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 30% of ammonium nitrate, 30% of potassium chloride and 10% of bulking agent, wherein the bulking agent is selected from ammonium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate, and the ammonium bicarbonate and the magnesium sulfate respectively account for 40% and 60% of the weight of the bulking agent.

Crushing diammonium hydrogen phosphate by using a 0.6mm gong, crushing ammonium nitrate by using a 3mm leno at a rotation speed of 3000/min, and sieving potassium chloride by using a 2mm sieve.

The raw materials are mixed according to a proportion, and the water content is required to be 8%.

The expanding agent ammonium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate prepared according to the proportion are mixed evenly, and are sieved by a 2mm sieve and used at any time, so that the waste of air sources is avoided. Quickly mixing and stirring the swelling agent and the compound fertilizer uniformly, and sieving by a 2mm sieve. Then piled and sealed to puff for 48 hours.

Spreading and airing for air escape after puffing for 72 hours, whitening the product when spreading and airing the air escape, naturally dehydrating, reducing weight, and sieving and bagging after the water content is less than 2%.

The technical parameters of the puffed compound fertilizer are as follows:

1. appearance color: white and fluffy

2. Density: loose density 0.5-0.7g/cm³The closeness of beating is 0.7-0.8g/cm³

3. Swelling degree: 100 percent

4. Looseness: 96% of drop test passes through 2mm sieve pore

5. The water content is less than 5 percent

6. Solubility 36g/100g20

7. Scattering property: uniformity

8. Moisture absorption: does not absorb moisture, is not adhered and is easy to break

9. And (3) post-maturation stage: 30 days

10. The particle size is 1-2mm

pH value of 6.2-7.2

Example 2

25% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 40% of ammonium nitrate, 15% of potassium chloride, 12% of calcium superphosphate and 8% of bulking agent, wherein the selection and operation processes of the bulking agent are the same as those in example 1.

Example 3

53% of diammonium phosphate, 33% of potassium chloride and 14% of bulking agent, and the rest is the same as example 1.

Example 4

The raw material formula comprises thefollowing components in percentage by weight:

89% of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 11% of a swelling agent and the swelling agent are the same as in example 1.

The water content of the diammonium hydrogen phosphate is less than 1 percent, the diammonium hydrogen phosphate can be puffed only by adding water, the water is added by 5 to 8 percent in the embodiment, and the rest of the operation is the same as that in the embodiment 1.

In the present invention, the amount of the swelling agent added depends on the swelling time and the air temperature. The addition amount of the swelling agent is large, the swelling time is short, the magnesium residue is increased, and the swelling agent is unfavorable for soil and crops; the addition amount is small, the puffing time is prolonged, and the production is not favorable; in addition, the temperature in winter is low, the addition amount is large, the temperature in summer is high, the addition amount is small, and the selection is carried out according to specific requirements and conditions.

Claims

1. A puffed compound fertilizer comprises one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride, and is characterized in that: it also contains swelling agent, and the addition amount of swelling agent is 8-15% of total weight.

2. The expanded compound fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein: the swelling agent is a mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and magnesium sulfate or zinc sulfate, and the weight ratio of the ammonium bicarbonate to the magnesium sulfate or the zinc sulfate is 1: 1.0-1.6.

3. A method for preparing a puffed compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps: the formula of the composite material comprises one or more of ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate and potassium chloride and 8-15% of swelling agent by weight, and the production method comprises the following process steps:

a. pulverizing

b. Making puffing agent

c. Mixing and blending

4. The method for producing the expanded compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water content of the compound fertilizer is 5-8%.