CN1020537C - Granulated seeds - Google Patents
Granulated seeds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1020537C CN1020537C CN 90101182 CN90101182A CN1020537C CN 1020537 C CN1020537 C CN 1020537C CN 90101182 CN90101182 CN 90101182 CN 90101182 A CN90101182 A CN 90101182A CN 1020537 C CN1020537 C CN 1020537C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- condensation product
- weight
- granulated seeds
- percentage
- hot water
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A pelletized seed comprising a plant and seed and a condensate formed between urea and an aldehyde compound. The pelletized seed of the present invention is easy and simple to sow, has a high germination percentage, and can improve the environment at the early stage of the growth of plant body.
Description
The present invention relates to granulated seeds.More particularly, the present invention relates to simplify the granulated seeds of sowing operation, it has very high sprouting percentage, and can improve the early stage environment of plant strain growth.
Up to now, make the seed granulation all be for simplify sowing operation, make sowing more even, improve sprouting percentage, make growth more even, make seed avoid from soil, washing away and protect seed to avoid the harm etc. of birds and insect.
The advantage of granulated seeds is that it only need not anthropogenic soil by sowing just can produce the meadow, and this point can be used to plant on the soil of abrupt slope, is difficult to carry out mechanical cultivation in this place.
Granulated seeds is normally as following generation: seed is mixed with various granulation materials; for example granulating material, adhesion substance etc.; and absorbent material etc.; make the mixture granulating by shaping method to suppress; or use wet extrusion granulating that is coated with method, water pug mill of rotary granulating machine etc., make granulation product drying (for example, Japanese Patent Application Publication 51-145710 then; 57-79802,59-192006 etc.).
The in a short time dependence endosperm growth of plant after sprouting.But after arriving certain vegetative period, it must be from outside (for example the soil) derive nutrients in order to grow.In order to promote the early growth of plant, wish fertilizer components is mixed in the granulated seeds always, made big quantity research so far about this problem.
Yet, if contain fertilizer components in the granulated seeds, so-called " fertilizer injury " (salt damage) can take place.Therefore, with the sowing of usually carrying out respectively with apply fertilizer differently, all seeds in the granulated seeds all directly contact with wherein fertilizer components, thereby have greatly increased sprouting and the threat of growth.
And conventional chemical fertilizer generally all has higher water-soluble, makes that the fertilizer components in the granulated seeds can be washed away by rainwater, therefore, adds these fertilizer in advance and just becomes meaningless.
In order to satisfy this requirement in this field, even the fertilizer components in the granulated seeds causes less fertilizer injury, the invention provides a kind of like this granulated seeds: it has good sprouting and growth performance, and has reduced the nutrient loss that is caused by rainwater etc.
The present inventor addresses the above problem to have carried out positive research, and finds, can satisfy above-mentioned requirements by following method, promptly mixes the condensation product that is formed by urea and aldehyde compound in granulated seeds.And on the basis of this discovery, finished the present invention.
Therefore, the present invention relates to a kind of like this granulated seeds, it comprises plant seed and the condensation product that is formed by urea and aldehyde compound.
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of like this granulated seeds, and it can simplify the sowing operation, has very high sprouting percentage, and can improve the environment of plant early growth.
Can know by following description and to see other purposes of the present invention and advantage.
Form the condensation product that mixes in the granulated seeds of the present invention when (after this being called condensation product) by urea and aldehyde compound, operable aldehyde compound comprises formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, crotonaldehyde, isobutylaldehyde, glyoxal etc.
Condensation product comprises melocol condensation product, 2-oxygen-4-methyl-6-urea groups hexahydropyrimidine (inferior crotonyl two ureas), propylidene two ureas, isobutylidene two ureas, ethylene glycol-Lian urea etc.
Condensation product only is slightly soluble in the cold water, but they can be partially soluble in the hot water.That is to say, they are a kind of like this condensation products, and when the condensation product of 1 part of weight of anhydrous state soaked 30 minutes in 20 parts of 80 ℃ of hot water, eluted percentage by weight (after this being called hot water elution's percentage) was 0.1-30%, be preferably 0.1-20%, more preferably 0.5-10%.Percent washout is expressed with (100-A) % weight, and wherein A is undissolved percentage by weight.
Provide an example below, in this example, condensation product is formed by urea (back is sometimes referred to as U) and formaldehyde (back is sometimes referred to as F).This condensation product is called the U-F condensation product in the back.
This condensation product has methylol in its molecular structure.
As the U-F condensation product, use those to contain the condensation product of methylol total amount as 0.05-1.5% weight, be preferably 0.15-1.0% weight, they only are slightly soluble in the cold water, percent washout in hot water is a 0.5-10% weight, and all data are all calculated with the weight of anhydrous state.
Because this condensation product has suitable condensation degree and slowly decomposition in soil, therefore, its promotes sprouting of seed and the growth of plant, and can severe inhibition seed germination and plant growing.Carbamide resin by the complete condensation that only has a small amount of methylol can not get this effect, also can not get this effect by the U-F condensation product that has a large amount of residue methylols and contain a large amount of water-soluble components.
By making the initial condensation product condensation of U-F can produce the U-F condensation product, promptly in the presence of acidic materials to its further processing, make the final mol ratio of the U of prepared initial condensation product: F reach 1: 0.9 to 1: 1.2.
Below, description prepares the concrete scheme of the method for U-F condensation product.
As the method for preparing the initial condensation product of U-F, that can mention has a following method (a) or (b):
Method (a) is by being mixed with the mixture of urea and 37% formalin, and the quantitative proportion of mixing is wanted to make the mol ratio of U: F reach 1: 0.9 to 1: 1.2, with alkaline matter such as sodium hydroxide etc. its pH is transferred between the 7-8, then 95 ℃ of heating down.Cessation reaction when white casse occurring in the reactant mixture makes the pH of reactant mixture transfer to 7-8 again.Like this, just, obtained the initial condensation product of U-F.
Method (b) is by being mixed with the mixture of urea and formalin, the quantitative proportion that mixes is wanted to make the mol ratio of U: F reach 1: 2.0 to 1: 2.5, with alkaline matter such as sodium hydroxide etc. its pH is transferred to 7-8, reaction is 1-30 hour under 20-95 ℃ temperature.The pH of mixture is transferred to 4-7 once more, make it then 80-98 ℃ of further reaction down.When the liquid cools to 20 of taking out from mixture ℃ then becomes slightly when muddy, then think to have reached reaction end.Then, further add urea therein, make U: total mol ratio of F reaches 1: 0.9 to 1: 1.2, and reaction is further carried out.Cessation reaction when in reactant mixture, white casse occurring.So just, obtained the initial condensation product of U-F.
By said method (a) or (b) preparation the initial condensation product of U-F can produce the U-F condensation product, method is with acidic materials such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid etc. the pH of the initial condensation product of U-F to be transferred to 3-5, it is reacted under 60-80 ℃ of temperature, and while transpiring moisture in the device of a stirring and hybrid reaction mixture, for example kneading machine or ribbon blender (ribbon mixer) etc., the moisture in reactant mixture reaches below 45% weight.Zhi Bei U-F condensation product is a powdery or granular like this.Any type of product all can be used among the present invention.
When the mol ratio of U: F outside above-mentioned scope and urea wherein when being less than the specified amount of above-mentioned preparation U-F condensation product, the total methylol group content in the U-F condensation product that is then produced is too high.On the other hand, if U: the mol ratio of F is outside above-mentioned scope and urea amount during greater than afore mentioned rules, and the U-F condensation product that is then produced decomposes too fast in soil.In both of these case, a kind of like this condensation product all tends to suppress seed germination.
When lower and reaction temperature was higher as the pH of reaction system, the condensation reaction of the initial condensation product of U-F in the presence of acidic materials made progress rapider, and the reaction time is longer, and condensation degree is higher.Along with the carrying out of reaction, the total methylol group content in the condensation product reduces, and its hot water elution's percentage also reduces together.
If total methylol group content of U-F condensation product and hot water elution's percentage is outside the scope of afore mentioned rules the time, the then near sprouting that can suppress seed when mixing in the granulated seeds.
The plant seed that can be used for granulated seeds of the present invention comprises steppe plant for example orchardgrass, Italian ryegrass, timothy grass, clover, Kentucky annual bluegrass etc., and vegetables are carrot, tomato, eggplant, celery, lettuce, Curcurbitaceae mellon plant (for example watermelon, netted melon, cucumber etc.) etc. for example; Flowering plant is petunia, sun plant, begonia, opium poppy, gloxinia, silk China pink, snapdragon, Salvia japonica, sweet pea etc. for example; The meadow plant is creeping bentgrass, English ryegrass, Korai turf, wild turf etc. for example; Woody plant is shrub trefoil, white birch, mountain area alder, Japanese Korean pine, mountain area birch etc. for example.
Granulated seeds of the present invention can make the plant seed granulation and produces with granulation material such as granulating material, adhesion substance etc.
When producing granulated seeds of the present invention, if necessary, except above-mentioned granulation material, also can select suitable absorbent material and various adjuvant for use.
Can be used for granulating material of the present invention and comprise soil, rich clay, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, plant ashes, diatomite, vermiculite, bentonite, zeolite, husk, bog moss, slurry (pulp), compost, sawdust etc.
Can be used for adhesion substance of the present invention and comprise carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, synthetic resin slurry, gum Arabic, gelatin etc.Adhesion substance can be suitable amount use.For example, if gum Arabic, usage amount is to contain 2-3 part weight in the granulating material of 100 parts of weight.
Can suitably select granulating material consumption and particle size to make and contain 1-5 grain seed in each particle.
In granulated seeds of the present invention, condensation product is a kind of essential component, and its content is in the granulation material of per 100 parts of weight 0.1-10 part weight to be arranged, and is preferably the condensation product of 0.5-5 part weight.
As absorbent material, can suitably use starch-acrylate graft copolymer, acrylic acid cross-linking products, chitosan, pullulan gel etc.
Can from sprout promoter, plant growth promoter, fungicide, agrochemical, select suitable adjuvant, and add in order further to promote the purpose of plant germination and growth.
Preferable methods is, granulated seeds of the present invention can be as following generation: seed is mixed with granulating material and condensation product, and can at random mix with absorbent material and adjuvant; the water that adds appropriate amount; the mixture of kneading makes the mixture granulation of kneading by methods such as extruding, makes particle drying then.Baking temperature should keep in its active scope intraseminal enzyme.That is to say preferred 40 ℃ or following temperature.
Granulated seeds of the present invention has following advantage:
1) owing to the condensation product that is used for the present invention slowly decomposes in soil, so sprouting of its promotion seed and the growth of plant, and can its sprouting of severe inhibition and growth.
2) since the condensation product that is used for the present invention only be slightly soluble in the water, therefore because the loss that rainwater etc. cause is very little, so it one produces the effect that promotes growth surely.
Secondly, be described more specifically the present invention with reference example, example and comparative example below.
Yet these examples should not limit the scope of the invention.
The preparation of reference example 1 U-F condensation product
Urea and 37% formalin are mixed, so that make U: the mol ratio of F is 1: 1, and mixture transfers to pH8.0 with sodium hydroxide.Water to wherein adding with used urea equivalent rises at the uniform velocity to make temperature, makes it rise to 95 ℃ in 1 hour.Then, mixture was kept 30 minutes at 95 ℃, and then transfer to pH8.0, make mixture be cooled to room temperature rapidly, to obtain the initial condensation product of U-F.
Zhi Bei initial condensation product is heated to 75 ℃ in kneading machine like this, and is stirred, and adds 40% phosphoric acid of 3.0% volume then.Make its content remain on 75 ℃ and in stirring, dewater, make its reaction 3 hours to obtain the U-F condensation product.
Based on the weight of dewatering state, total methylol group content of the U-F condensation product that obtains like this is 0.75% weight, and hot water elution's percentage is 7.5% weight.
Example 1 and 2, comparative example 1-8
1) preparation of granulated seeds
Make the U-F condensation product that 800 grammes per square metre clays, 200 gram bog mosses, 20g gum Arabics, 5g seed of cocksfoot and reference example 1 obtain and be shown in Table 1 the various fertilizer components that are used for comparison and mix, and knead together with purified water.Making the mixture of kneading press the aperture is the sieve of 7mm, 40 ℃ of dryings to obtain granulated seeds.Zhi Bei particle contains 3-4 grain seed like this.
2) growth test of granulated seeds
Table 1 has illustrated the growth test result of the above-mentioned granulated seeds that obtains.
Test site: in the ground in vinyl room
Experimental scale: every test block 0.25m
2, 60 particles of every test block, three the campaign pieces in every district
Test period: 41 days (18 ℃ of daily mean temperatures)
With each particle is the sprouting percentage of basic calculation particle.Dug out plant, and measured its fresh weight and dry weight in after planting 41 days.The results are summarized in the table 1.
Shown in the comparative example 1-4 in the table 1, conventional chemical fertilizer has the trend that suppresses growth.Especially, if used quantity increases, then seed germination and plant growing are caused serious inhibition (comparative example 5-8).
On the other hand, even condensation product of the present invention causes at common fertilizer under the concentration of severe inhibition, also has the trend of sprouting of helping and growth.
Table 1
The every 0.2m of the sprouting of fertilizer components particle
2Crop (g)
And content (g) percentage (%) fresh weight dry weight
Example 1 U-F condensation product 10 87.2 30.64 4.23
Comparative example 1 ammonium sulfate 10 72.2 13.97 1.94
Comparative example 2 ureas 10 84.4 25.20 3.16
Comparative example 3 ammonium nitrate 10 85.6 17.18 2.38
Comparative example 4 ammonium chlorides 10 80.0 9.78 1.57
Example 2 U-F condensation products 40 85.6 19.87 2.65
Comparative example 5 ammonium sulfate 40 66.1 4.46 0.69
Comparative example 6 ureas 40 73.3 5.65 0.89
Comparative example 7 ammonium nitrate 40 76.1 5.84 0.77
Comparative example 8 ammonium chlorides 40 60.0 3.42 0.52
Contrast 0 82.2 18.98 2.54
Example 3-8, comparative example 9 and 10
1) preparation of granulated seeds
Make superphosphate, 20g potassium sulphate, the 1gSnow Growace(plant growing of 700g rich clay, 200g bog moss, 20g calcium carbonate, 20g lime short
Advance agent), 15g gum Arabic, 15g English ryegrass seed and U-aldehyde condensate (above-mentioned U-F condensation product, isobutylidene two ureas or inferior crotonocyl two ureas) or as a comparison the ammonium chloride of fertilizer components press the mixed proportion shown in the table 2 and mix.Add the mixture of kneading after the entry.The mixture of kneading is by sieve plate type granulating machine (granulation machine) moulding, and its pore size is 6mm, and dry to obtain granulated seeds down at 40 ℃.Zhi Bei each particle contains 3-4 grain seed like this.
2) growth test of granulated seeds
Table 2 has illustrated the growth test result of above-mentioned granulated seeds.
Test site: in the ground in vinyl room
Experimental scale: every test block 0.22m
2, 60 particles of every test block, three the campaign pieces in every district
Test period: 39 days (17 ℃ of daily mean temperatures)
With each particle is that basic calculation is sprouted percentage.Measured fresh weight and the dry weight of plant at after planting 39 days.The results are summarized in the table 2.
Table 2
The every 0.22m of the sprouting of fertilizer components particle
2Crop heavy (g)
And content (g) percentage (%) fresh weight dry weight
Example 3 U-F condensation products 10 85.0 60.97 6.93
Example 4 isobutylidenes two ureas 10 87.2 78.90 8.70
Example 5 inferior crotonocyl two ureas 10 85.0 81.17 9.23
Comparative example 9 ammonium chlorides 10 76.8 31.93 2.29
Example 6 U-F condensation products 20 80.0 53.43 6.13
Example 7 isobutylidenes two ureas 20 81.1 58.07 6.40
Example 8 inferior crotonocyl two ureas 20 80.0 54.47 5.90
Comparative example 10 ammonium chlorides 20 77.8 13.20 1.17
Contrast 0 78.9 53.23 5.93
Claims (9)
1, a kind of granulated seeds that comprises plant seed and granulation material is characterized in that it comprises the condensation product that is formed by urea and aldehyde compound.
2, according to the granulated seeds of claim 1, aldehyde compound wherein is selected from one group that is made of following at least: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionic aldehyde, crotonaldehyde, isobutyl group aldehyde and glyoxal.
3, according to the granulated seeds of claim 1; hot water elution's percentage of condensation product wherein is 0.1-30% weight; this hot water elution's percentage is the percentage of wash-out part; weight with anhydrous state is calculated; that is the elution amount when, the condensation product of 1 part of weight is dipped in 20 parts of weight hot water 30 minutes under 80 ℃.
4, according to the granulated seeds of claim 3, hot water elution's percentage of condensation product wherein is 0.1-20% weight.
5, according to the granulated seeds of claim 3, hot water elution's percentage of condensation product wherein is 0.5-10% weight.
6, according to the granulated seeds of claim 3, aldehyde compound wherein is a formaldehyde, and hot water elution's percentage of condensation product is in the 0.5-10% weight range, and total methylol group content is in the scope of 0.05-1.5% weight.
7, according to the granulated seeds of claim 6, total methylol group content wherein is in the 0.15-1.0% weight range.
8, according to the granulated seeds of claim 1, plant seed wherein is selected from one group that is made of following seed at least: orchardgrass, Italian ryegrass, timothy grass and clover.
9, according to the granulated seeds of claim 1, plant seed wherein is selected from one group that is made of following seed at least: carrot, tomato, eggplant, celery, lettuce and Curcurbitaceae mellon plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP051983/89 | 1989-03-06 | ||
| JP89-051983 | 1989-03-06 | ||
| JP5198389 | 1989-03-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1045326A CN1045326A (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| CN1020537C true CN1020537C (en) | 1993-05-12 |
Family
ID=12902094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 90101182 Expired - Fee Related CN1020537C (en) | 1989-03-06 | 1990-03-06 | Granulated seeds |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1020537C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2010408A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2229350B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ232626A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10102555B4 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2014-04-10 | Suet Saat- Und Erntetechnik Gmbh | Seed with an envelope containing nitrogen fertilizer |
| US6936573B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2005-08-30 | Georgia-Pacific Resins, Inc. | Slow release nitrogen root treatment |
| KR100457856B1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2004-11-18 | 김승현 | The Pellet of plants seed, the methods of pelletization and the cultivation way with the pellet and the methods |
| KR100647255B1 (en) * | 2002-10-28 | 2006-11-17 | 김승현 | The pellet of bulbous plants, the methods of pelletization and the cultivation way with the pellet and the methods |
| CN104145559B (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-03-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method making watermelon germination neat and consistent |
| CN105993562A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 固镇县华丰农业有限公司 | Seedling raising method for eggplants |
| CN116114545A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-05-16 | 中铁二十四局集团有限公司 | Method for reconstructing plant growth layer by using grass with different disturbance degrees |
-
1990
- 1990-02-20 CA CA 2010408 patent/CA2010408A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-02-21 NZ NZ23262690A patent/NZ232626A/en unknown
- 1990-03-06 GB GB9004981A patent/GB2229350B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-06 CN CN 90101182 patent/CN1020537C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2229350A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
| GB2229350B (en) | 1993-02-17 |
| CN1045326A (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| AU623979B2 (en) | 1992-05-28 |
| CA2010408A1 (en) | 1990-09-06 |
| GB9004981D0 (en) | 1990-05-02 |
| AU5017290A (en) | 1990-09-06 |
| NZ232626A (en) | 1991-06-25 |
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