CN1261090A - 吸收性热熔粘合剂 - Google Patents

吸收性热熔粘合剂 Download PDF

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CN1261090A
CN1261090A CN99126973A CN99126973A CN1261090A CN 1261090 A CN1261090 A CN 1261090A CN 99126973 A CN99126973 A CN 99126973A CN 99126973 A CN99126973 A CN 99126973A CN 1261090 A CN1261090 A CN 1261090A
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hotmelt
resin
composition
absorptivity
block
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CN1243809C (zh
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J·路兹
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Johnson and Johnson Consumer Inc
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McNeil PPC Inc
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Abstract

含有吸收液体和非吸收性的聚合物的热熔粘合剂任意地与高吸收性聚合物进行混合。形成的热塑性热熔粘合剂材料能够用来将基质例如聚合物膜粘合在一起,还用来提供无纺布或吸收性结构以额外的吸收液体的能力。该粘合涂敷的材料尤其用于吸收性制品例如月经用品、伤口敷裹、绷带和尿布等的结构中。

Description

吸收性热熔粘合剂
本发明涉及新型粘合剂，更确切地说，涉及能够吸收液体的热熔粘合剂。
吸收性制品例如月经垫、尿布、绷带、护理垫等，通常含有吸收性成分。常规的一次性制品的吸收性成分，典型地由纤维化木浆绒或吸收性无纺布和/或其他合成的或天然吸收性材料例如泥炭沼或高吸收性聚合物制成。吸收性成分由柔软、柔韧、可渗透液体的上层覆盖，它可将体液吸入留存液体的吸收性成分内。不能渗透液体的背衬通常沿周边边际粘合、固定于可渗透液体的上层，形成凸缘密封，由此完全包封吸收性成分，防止液体渗漏。
热熔粘合剂通常用于吸收性制品的结构内，将可渗透液体的上层固定在吸收性成分上，也将不能渗透液体的背衬固定在吸收性成分上。另外，热熔粘合剂也用于吸收性结构的构造中，将多层叠合在一起，或将吸收性粒子与无纺布或纤维浆粘合固定起来。
本发明的一个目的是提供能够吸收水性液体的热熔粘合剂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供当吸收性制品经受压花或压槽时，避免由高吸收性粒子在阻隔背衬上形成针眼的危险的热熔粘合剂。
本发明的又一个目的是提供当施用高吸收性粒子至吸收性制品上时，不需触摸粉末的热熔粘合剂。
本发明的再一个目的是提供能够使高吸收性粒子以图案涂覆到基质上的热熔粘合剂。
本发明的由再一个目的是提供也用作留存液体的体系的热熔粘合剂。
根据本发明，提供能够吸收水性液体的新型热熔粘合剂，它含有：
约10-50％的嵌段共聚物；
约20-80％的增粘树脂；和
约1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
根据本发明也提供吸收性制品，该吸收性制品含有可渗透液体的上层、不可渗透液体的阻隔层、上层与阻隔层之间的吸收性成分，其中上层或阻隔层由热熔粘合剂粘合到吸收性成分上，该粘合剂还含有：
约10-50％的嵌段共聚物；
约20-80％的增粘树脂；和
约1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
根据本发明，还提供吸收制品，该吸收制品包含可渗透液体的上层、不可渗透液体的阻隔层、上层与阻隔层之间的吸收性成分，其中至少一部分吸收性成分含有热熔粘合剂，该粘合剂还含有：
约10-50％的嵌段共聚物；
约20-80％的增粘树脂；和
约1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
本发明涉及热熔粘合剂，更确切地说，涉及在吸收性制品例如月经垫、尿布、胸垫、外科手术垫和绷带的结构中有用的热熔粘合剂。与通常的憎水性热熔粘合剂不同，本发明的热熔粘合剂易于吸收水性液体例如含盐液体和月经液。本发明的热熔粘合剂由约10-50％的嵌段共聚物、约20-80％的增粘树脂和约1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物的混合物形成。本发明的热熔粘合剂可以任选地含有吸收性热塑性聚合物、高吸收性粒子、增粘剂和增塑剂。
在一个较佳的实施方式中，本发明的热熔粘合剂含有(以重量计)：
约10-50％的嵌段共聚物；
约20-80％的增粘树脂；
约1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物；
约0-40％的增塑剂；和
约0-2.0％的抗氧剂。
用于本发明的合适的嵌段共聚物包括结构式为(A-B)x的线型或星型共聚物结构，其中嵌段A是聚乙烯基芳烃嵌段，嵌段B是聚单烯烃嵌段，x表示聚合臂的数目，其中x是大于或等于1的整数。合适的嵌段A的聚乙烯基芳烃嵌段包括、但不局限于：聚苯乙烯、聚α-甲基苯乙烯、聚乙烯基甲苯及其混合物。合适的嵌段B的聚单烯烃嵌段包括、但不局限于：共轭二烯弹性体例如聚丁二烯或聚异戊二烯或氢化的弹性体如聚乙烯-丁烯、或聚乙烯-丙烯、或聚异丁烯或其混合物。可购买到的这些类型的嵌段共聚物的例子包括：购自Shell Chemical Company的KratonTM弹性体、购自Dexco的VectorTM弹性体、购自Enichem Elastomers的SolpreneTM、购自Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.的StereonTM。
合适的增粘树脂包括天然和改性树脂、天然和改性树脂的甘油和季戊四醇酯、聚萜烯树脂、天然萜烯的共聚物和三元共聚物、酚醛改性的萜烯树脂及其氢化的衍生物、脂族石油树脂及其氢化衍生物、芳族石油树脂及其氢化衍生物、脂族或芳族石油树脂及其氢化衍生物、和它们的混合物。可购买到的这些类型树脂的例子包括：Foral氢化松香酯、Staybelite氢化改性松香、Poly-pale聚合松香、Permalyn松香酯、Pentalyn松香酯、Adtac充油烃树脂、Piccopale芳族烃、Piccotac、Hercotac芳族改性脂族烃、Regalrez环脂族树脂、或购自Hercules的Piccolyte、购自Exxon Chemical的Eselementz脂族烃和环脂族树脂、购自Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co的Wingtack、包括芳族改性类的合成聚萜烯树脂、购自Arakawa Chemicals的Arkon部分和全部氢化芳族树脂、Zonatac苯乙烯化萜烯树脂、购自Arizona Chemical的Zonarez松香酯和Zonester松香酯、购自Neville Chemical Company的Nevtac芳族改性脂族烃。
合适的吸收水性液体的聚合物包括热塑性水凝胶如高吸收性材料或热塑性聚合物成分，该聚合物成分由水溶性的软段和一个或多个硬段组成。硬段必须是可以熔融加工的，即聚合物内硬段的使用温度低于它们的熔融温度，而硬段的加工温度高于它们的熔点温度、但低于热熔粘合剂组合物内的任一其他成分的分解温度。硬段基本不溶于水，硬段从软段中相分离出来。硬段的合适例子包括、但不局限于：聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚脲及其混合物。软段的合适例子包括、但不局限于：聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、多糖、聚马来酸酐、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷的无规共聚物及其混合物。软段和硬段可以由氨基甲酸酯、酰胺、酯的共价键或仲脲的键合或其组合连接在一起。可购买到的吸收水性液体的热塑性聚合物成分的例子包括：购自Tyndale Plains-Hunter Ltd.的亲水性聚氨酯和购自Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co.Ltd的Aquacaulk热塑性聚合物。
合适的高吸收性材料包括目前可购买到的任何常规高吸收性粒子或高吸收性纤维。高吸收性材料优选是平均粒度小于150微米的高吸收性粒子。一个例子是购自Absorbent Technologies Inc.的AquakeepJ-550P。
通常用于本发明的合适的增塑剂，包括降低硬度和模量、提高压敏粘性、降低熔体和溶液粘度的任何常规增塑剂。优选的增塑剂是水溶性的或水可分散的，或也可以是类似蜡的物质例如聚乙二醇、甘油、聚丙二醇、丁二醇或山梨糖醇。优选的增塑剂的一个例子是购自Union Carbide的Carbowax聚乙二醇。
用于本发明的合适的抗氧剂包括任何常规的抗氧剂，优选是受阻酚例如Ethanox 330TM1，3，5-三甲基-2，4，6-三(3，5-二-叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯，它可从EthylCorporation购买到。本发明的热熔粘合剂可以这样制成：将嵌段共聚物、增粘树脂和吸收水性液体的聚合物在合适的粘合剂加工设备例如熔体混合器或挤出机内、在高于它们各自熔点的温度下混合，直至混合均匀。可以使用常规的施涂粘合剂的设备将热熔粘合剂施涂到基质上，例如热熔粘合剂缝形涂敷头、热熔粘合剂离心喷涂涂敷器(一个可购买的例子是Nordson Control Fiberization)、采用热熔粘合剂微纤维涂敷器(可购买到的这些涂敷器的例子包括Nordson ControlCoat、ITW Dynafiber、J & M Meltblown和May Coating的Accufiber)、采用热熔粘合剂旋转筛涂敷器以形成图案的涂层(此设备的例子包括Nordson andKraemer旋转筛技术)。
图1是带有图案涂层的卫生巾的俯视平面图。
图2是图1中卫生巾的通过A-A线处的侧视图，显示了施涂于覆盖层和吸收性成分之间的粘合剂。
图3是带有区域涂层的卫生巾的俯视平面图。
图4是带有泡沫粘合剂的卫生巾的俯视平面图，该泡沫粘合剂具有一定图形，形成侧边和末端密封垫。
图5是图4中卫生巾的通过B-B线处的侧视图，显示了施涂于卫生巾覆盖层的上表面的粘合剂。
图6是带有多重线的粘合剂图案的卫生巾的俯视平面图。
图7是图6中卫生巾的通过C-C线处的侧视图，显示了施涂于阻隔层和吸收性成分之间的粘合剂。
图8是带有以曲线图案施涂的粘合剂的卫生巾的俯视平面图，该图案邻近每一纵向侧边，横跨卫生巾的末端区域。
图9是带有以曲线图案施涂的粘合剂的卫生巾的俯视平面图，该图案围绕卫生巾的中央区域，形成封闭的周边。
图10是在卫生巾的中央区域带有以沙漏钟状图案施涂的粘合剂的卫生巾俯视平面图。
图11是带有以邻近卫生巾每一纵向侧边的一对基本平行线施涂的粘合剂的卫生巾的俯视平面图。
图12是图11中卫生巾的通过D-D线处的侧视图，显示了施涂于卫生巾的覆盖层和吸收性成分之间的粘合剂。
参考图1，显示有吸收性制品。它用于图示目的，它是带有纵向对边2、3和相对的横向末端4、5的卫生巾1。参考图2，显示了图1中卫生巾1的横截面，它带有面向身体的上覆盖层10、面向衣服的下阻隔层20和覆盖层10与阻隔层20之间的吸收性成分30。吸收液体的热熔粘合剂40以基本为矩形图案的图案涂敷的吸收区50，将覆盖层10粘合到吸收性成分30上。热熔粘合剂也可以位于吸收性成分30和阻隔层20之间(未显示)。其他的粘合图案和施涂部位在图3-12中图示说明。
例如图3显示了吸收性制品301的俯视平面图，它带有覆盖层310，沙漏钟形的纵向对边302、303，和相对的横向末端304、305。吸收液体的热熔粘合剂40是以基本矩形图案区域涂敷在吸收区350内。
在图4和5中图示说明的本发明的实施方式中，显示有卫生巾401，它带有覆盖层401、阻隔层420、吸收性成分430、转移层470和吸收水性液体的热熔粘合剂440，该粘合剂440由混合粘合剂与惰性气体而发泡形成。接着，泡沫粘合剂计量和通过喷嘴分配到基质上，在此情形下，基质为卫生巾的覆盖层。此工艺可以购自Nordson Corporation，采用它们的FoamMelt处理器，授予Dilnik等的美国专利No.5,807,367更全面地揭示了本技术，在这里全部引用。如图4所示，发泡的热熔粘合剂440已经施涂到了邻近卫生巾401纵向边的面向身体的覆盖层上，形成了边密封垫450、451和末端密封垫460、461。热熔粘合剂440也可以在覆盖层410和下面的吸收性成分430(未显示)之间施涂。
参考图6和7，显示有吸收性制品，它用于图示的目的，它是带有纵向对边602、603和相对的横向末端604、605的卫生巾601。参考图7，显示了图6中卫生巾601的横截面，它带有面向身体的上覆盖层610、面向衣服的下阻隔层620和覆盖层610与阻隔层620之间的吸收性成分630。吸收液体的热熔粘合剂640以基本为矩形图案的多重线涂敷的吸收区650，将阻隔层620粘合到吸收性成分630上。
图8显示了吸收性制品801的俯视平面图，它带有覆盖层810，沙漏钟形的纵向对边802、803，和相对的横向末端804、805。吸收液体的热熔粘合剂840以曲线的图案施涂，形成吸收区的对边841、842，和吸收区的相对的横向末端843、844。
图9和10分别显示了吸收性制品901、902的俯视平面图，它带有基本为沙漏钟形的粘合图案。图9带有覆盖层910，沙漏钟形的纵向对边902、903，和相对的横向末端904、905。再参考图9和10，吸收液体的热熔粘合剂940、960施涂到制品上，分别形成沙漏钟形的吸收区950、965。
参考图11和12，显示有吸收性制品，它用于图示的目的，它是带有纵向对边1102、1103和相对的横向末端1104、1105的卫生巾1101。参考图12，显示了图11中卫生巾1101的横截面，它带有面向身体的上覆盖层1110、面向衣服的下阻隔层1120和覆盖层1110与阻隔层1120之间的吸收性成分1130。吸收液体的热熔粘合剂1140以涂敷平行直线的吸收带1150，粘合到覆盖层1110和吸收性成分1130上。
实施例1：评价与常规热熔粘合剂比较的本发明吸收水性液体的热熔粘合剂的熔体粘度、粘合强度(剥离强度，在聚丙烯无纺布上测试)和吸收盐水溶液的能力(吸收量)。常规热熔粘合剂可以从Fuller Company以商品名HL-1491TM购买到。这是常常在吸收性制品例如卫生巾、女裤衬里、尿布等的结构内使用的标准热熔粘合剂。认为常规粘合剂的配方内的组成比例大约如下：
15-20％的苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物，苯乙烯含量为30％；
60-70％的脂族或芳族改性的脂族增粘树脂；
15-20％的矿物油；
＜2％的抗氧剂；
＜2％另外的辅助添加剂(蜡和聚乙烯)。
本发明的热熔粘合剂的两个例子具有如下配方：
样品A：
5.7％的嵌段共聚物(Vector DPX-552TM)；
33.7％的增粘树脂(Foral 85TM)；
10.0％的吸收水性液体的聚合物(Aquacaulk TQU-5TM)；
40.0％的高吸收性粒子(Aquakeep J55-PTM)；
10.5％的增塑剂(Peg 600TM)；和
0.5％的抗氧剂(Ethanox 330TM)
样品B：
15.0％的嵌段共聚物(Vector DPX-552TM)；
25.0％的增粘树脂(Foral 85TM)；
0.0％的吸收水性液体的聚合物(Aquacaulk TQU-5TM)；
45.0％的高吸收性粒子(Aquakeep J55-PTM)；
15.0％的增塑剂(Peg 600TM)；和
0.5％的抗氧剂(Ethanox 330TM)
评价的结果如下面的表1所示。
                             表1
购买的样品     样品A     样品B
粘度177℃，(厘泊)     1100     10,000     101,000
吸收量(克/克)     无     9.4     10.3
剥离强度(磅/英寸宽度)     1.1     0.3     1.18
可购买到的热熔粘合剂基本上不表现出吸收性，而本发明的每克热熔粘合剂吸收约10克液体。另外，本发明的粘合剂组合物的粘合强度也没有减小。

Claims (11)

1.能够吸收水性液体的热熔粘合剂，其包含：
10-50％的嵌段共聚物；
20-80％的增粘树脂；和
1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述嵌段共聚物具有式(A-B)x的线型或星型共聚物结构，其中嵌段A是聚乙烯基芳烃嵌段，嵌段B是聚单烯烃嵌段，x表示聚合臂的数目，其中x是大于或等于1的整数。
3.如权利要求2所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述嵌段A的聚乙烯基芳烃选自：聚苯乙烯、聚α-甲基苯乙烯、聚乙烯基甲苯及其混合物，所述嵌段B的聚单烯烃嵌段选自：共轭二烯弹性体、氢化的弹性体及其混合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述共轭二烯弹性体选自：聚丁二烯和聚异戊二烯，所述氢化的弹性体选自：聚乙烯-丁烯、聚乙烯-丙烯、聚异丁烯及其混合物。
5.如权利要求1所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述热熔粘合剂还含有吸收性的热塑性聚合物、高吸收性粒子、增粘剂和增塑剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述增粘剂树脂选自：天然树脂、改性树脂、天然树脂的甘油酯、改性树脂的甘油酯、天然树脂的季戊四醇酯、改性树脂的季戊四醇酯、聚萜烯树脂、天然萜烯的共聚物、天然萜烯的三元共聚物、酚醛改性的萜烯树脂及其氢化的衍生物、脂族石油树脂及其氢化衍生物、芳族石油树脂及其氢化衍生物、脂族石油树脂、脂族石油树脂的氢化衍生物、芳族石油树脂、芳族石油树脂的氢化衍生物、和它们的混合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述吸收水性液体的聚合物选自：热塑性水凝胶和热塑性聚合物成分，所述聚合物成分由可溶于水的软段和一个或多个硬段组成。
8.如权利要求7所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述硬段选自：聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚脲、聚环氧丙烷及其混合物。
9.如权利要求7所述的热熔粘合剂，其特征在于所述软段选自：聚环氧乙烷、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、多糖、聚马来酸酐、聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷的无规共聚物。
10.吸收性制品，其包含可渗透液体的上层、不可渗透液体的阻隔层、上层与阻隔层之间的吸收性成分，其中上层或阻隔层由热熔粘合剂粘合到吸收性成分上，所述粘合剂还含有：
10-50％的嵌段共聚物，
20-80％的增粘树脂，和
1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
11.吸收性制品，其包含可渗透液体的上层、不可渗透液体的阻隔层、上层与阻隔层之间的吸收性成分，其中至少一部分吸收性成分含有热熔粘合剂，所述粘合剂还含有：
10-50％的嵌段共聚物，
20-80％的增粘树脂，和
1-60％的吸收水性液体的聚合物。
CNB99126973XA 1998-12-21 1999-12-21 吸收性热熔粘合剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1243809C (zh)

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