CN1259402A - 垃圾处理方法 - Google Patents
垃圾处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1259402A CN1259402A CN99127878A CN99127878A CN1259402A CN 1259402 A CN1259402 A CN 1259402A CN 99127878 A CN99127878 A CN 99127878A CN 99127878 A CN99127878 A CN 99127878A CN 1259402 A CN1259402 A CN 1259402A
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- gasification
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/10—Drying by heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/60—Separating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
一种垃圾处理方法,其中,对垃圾进行机械预处理和干燥,使其成为可高分离度分选的物料,然后将有机组分分离成有机粗粒组分和有机细粒组分,用作二级脱气/气化系统的原料。为将其效率、处理能力和经济性提高约两倍,分别将有机粗粒组分送入脱气级,将有机细粒组分送入气化级,而且事先将不可燃组分,如水、黑色金属、有色金属和矿物分离出来。
Description
本发明涉及一种垃圾处理方法,用于提取有机物料作为二级脱气/气化系统的原料。在本方法中,对垃圾物料进行机械预处理、干燥和分离,以得到不同的组分。
此类方法例如公开在以下专利文献中:
DE-PS 31 05 597
EP-PS 02 43 747 B1
US-PS 4,623,515
US-PS 4,815,668
以上公知的方法的缺点是,所提取的组分虽然通常可回收利用,但是其市场化极为困难,也不适合专门用在二级脱气/气化系统中。
本发明的目的是进一步开发此类方法,将所有有机物料以高筛分率分离出来,并以专门适用于二级气化方法的方式进行预处理。
本发明所依据的知识是,即公知的二级脱气/气化方法是由高温分解级和熔烧旋流级组成的,例如所谓的PKA方法,它所用的原料的均匀性和纯净度越高,其运行的效率、经济性和处理能力也就越高。这种效应还可以通过以下方式得到进一步的提高,即一部分原料为细粒物料,其粒度例如小于10mm,直接送入气化级,从而减轻成本较高的脱气级的负荷,也就是说,该级的规模可小型化。
本发明的目的是通过这样一种垃圾处理方法来实现的,该方法用于提取有机物料作为二级脱气/气化系统的原料,其中,对要处理的垃圾进行机械预处理,包括预粉碎、磁分选、筛分和干燥,使其可高分离度分选,然后将有机组分分离成粒度为60至150mm的粗粒组分和粒度为0至10mm细粒组分,并与无机组分和金属分离出来,然后将有机粗粒组分送入脱气级(例如高温分解器),将有机细粒组分送入气化级(例如熔烧旋流器),使其转化为可用燃气。
下面对照实施例以及相应的工艺流程图对本发明作详细说明。
研究表明,在提及的筛分4工序中,只要筛分具有合适的筛孔直径和筛孔间隔,便可以将大部分粗粒有机物分离出来。这些粗粒有机物是相对均一的,具有高热值,而且无机物含量很少。因此,这种成分可以理想地作为粗粒燃料使用在脱气设备中(例如高温分解,热解等),并且具有较高的效率。
垃圾中剩下的部分在经过干燥工序5后,再次进行磁分选6,将残余的无粘性附着的黑色金属成分14分离出来。同样再采用涡流分选机7将没有粘结力的、粒状有色金属15分离出来。
脱除了所有金属组分的剩余物料被继续进行再粉碎8。随后进行分选9或抽吸9,将轻细粒有机物16分离出来,作为细粒燃料20。
在分选9或抽吸9工序后余留的重物料通过筛分10继续处理,分成两组、三组或更多组不同粒度的物料。被筛下的微粒物料17粒度小于1mm或2mm,与前面抽吸出的细粒有机物16共同构成细粒燃料20。
较大数量的筛分组分由重细粒有机物和矿物组成,它们分别有有限的粒度范围,用普通的振动式重力分选机即可对其进行比重分离11。在分离过程中,和重有机物(如天然有机物和塑料)相比,重矿物(如玻璃、陶瓷、石块)由于其具有较高的冲击脉动吸收力(Stoβimpulsaufnahme),所以能清楚地与有机颗粒分离开来。
所分离出的矿物19例如可作为回收原料用于建筑工业。
所分离出的重细粒有机物18可归入细粒燃料20。
所述细粒燃料20通过上述有色金属分离工序15的处理,在很大程度上脱除了有害物质,而且不含有黑色金属14、水13和矿物19。这种状态下的燃料可以理想地使用在气化设备中(例如熔烧旋流器、熔烧室),并且具有较高的效率。
本发明的优点尤其在于,在分解垃圾时,公知方法得不到明确分类的次级物料,而且次级物料通常难以利用,其中还有一些残余物料必须埋藏,然而采用本发明方法,可获得可完全利用的次级物料12-19,而且没有残余物料。其中分离出的粗粒燃料21和细粒燃料20是确定的、均匀的高热值燃料,不含有有害物质、干燥而且易于储存和运输。
将具有以上性质的燃料用于脱气和气化工艺,其运行效率高,而且投资成本能降低一半。
Claims (4)
1.一种垃圾处理方法,用于提取有机物料作为二级脱气/气化系统的原料,其特征在于,对要处理的垃圾进行机械预处理和干燥,使其可高分离度分选,然后将有机组分分离成粒度为60至150mm的粗粒组分和粒度为0至10mm细粒组分,并与无机组分和金属分离出来,然后将有机粗粒组分送入脱气级(例如高温分解器),将有机细粒组分送入气化级(例如熔烧旋流器),使其转化为可用燃气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,机械预处理、干燥和分离是按以下顺序连续进行的:预粉碎-磁分选-筛分-干燥-磁分选-涡流分选-再粉碎-分选-筛分-比重分离,使得有机物料与黑色金属、有色金属和水以高筛分率分离,因此所得到的物料可直接利用。
3.根据权利要求1和2所述的方法,其特征在于,干燥物料所需的热能采用脱气级和/或气化级产生的余热。
4.根据权利要求1至3所述的方法,其特征在于,后面的脱气/气化系统和/或燃气净化装置所需的运行用水采用干燥级的蒸汽冷凝水。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19990630003 EP1018373A1 (de) | 1999-01-04 | 1999-01-04 | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Abfällen mit Gewinnung von organischem Einsatzmaterial für Zweistufige Entgasungs-/Vergasungssysteme |
EP99630003.4 | 1999-01-04 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1259402A true CN1259402A (zh) | 2000-07-12 |
Family
ID=8242578
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN99127878A Pending CN1259402A (zh) | 1999-01-04 | 1999-12-30 | 垃圾处理方法 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1018373A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2000189929A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1259402A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2294573A1 (zh) |
TN (1) | TNSN00004A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6983901B2 (en) * | 2003-09-09 | 2006-01-10 | House Of Metals Company Limited | Method for recycling aluminum alloy wheels |
WO2005120713A1 (en) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-12-22 | Ubb Magdeburg Kipper & Dr. Stegmann Gbr | Method and apparatus for the treatment and utilization of solid and liquid waste mixtures |
FR2937263B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-20 | 2010-11-05 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de preparation d'une charge de dechets pour traitement par thermolyse |
CN107282595B (zh) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-12-27 | 祁标 | 全自动垃圾分级处理分选线及工艺 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3835230C2 (de) * | 1988-10-15 | 1994-10-20 | Holsteiner Gas Gmbh | Verfahren zur Energiegewinnung durch Müllentgasung und Müllentgasungsanlage |
EP0770820B1 (en) * | 1995-05-17 | 2001-09-26 | Hitachi Zosen Corporation | Refuse incinerating method and equipment therefor |
DE19714927A1 (de) * | 1997-04-10 | 1998-10-15 | Turk Michael Dipl Ing | Mehrstufige mechanisch-biologische Behandlung zur Maximierung der stofflichen und energetischen Verwertung von Siedlungsabfällen |
-
1999
- 1999-01-04 EP EP19990630003 patent/EP1018373A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-15 JP JP35582999A patent/JP2000189929A/ja active Pending
- 1999-12-30 CN CN99127878A patent/CN1259402A/zh active Pending
-
2000
- 2000-01-03 TN TNSN00004 patent/TNSN00004A1/fr unknown
- 2000-01-04 CA CA 2294573 patent/CA2294573A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2000189929A (ja) | 2000-07-11 |
CA2294573A1 (fr) | 2000-07-04 |
TNSN00004A1 (fr) | 2002-05-30 |
EP1018373A1 (de) | 2000-07-12 |
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