CN1256232C - 用于加工工件的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于加工工件的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1256232C
CN1256232C CNB031326641A CN03132664A CN1256232C CN 1256232 C CN1256232 C CN 1256232C CN B031326641 A CNB031326641 A CN B031326641A CN 03132664 A CN03132664 A CN 03132664A CN 1256232 C CN1256232 C CN 1256232C
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CN1496778A (zh
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陈杰伟
A·尼德尔伯格
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Leister Technologies AG
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Leste Processing Tech AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81266—Optical properties, e.g. transparency, reflectivity
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    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/81451—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being adaptable to the surface of the joint
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
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Abstract

一种用于通过激光射线加工工件的方法，其中将工件固定，接着将工件至少局部地暴露在激光射线下，其中在第一工作步骤中将多个要被加工的工件放置到一个支座上，该支座由具有可移动支承的支承段的下压板构成，在第二工作步骤中将一个作为上压板的透穿射线的板放置到工件上，接着有选择地将正要被加工的工件夹紧在上压板与那个支承段之间并暴露在激光射线下。本装置具有一个带有可移动支承的支承段的下压板，支承段在垂直方向上可以分别移动.通过这个装置和这种方法能够经济地生产更大量的工件，因为通过采用多个料箱可以同时更换多个工件，料箱立刻连接在用于产生顶压力的压缩空气发生装置上。同时由于考虑到工件加工误差而保证对于所有工件所需的顶压力。

Description

用于加工工件的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过激光射线加工工件的方法，其中将工件固定，接着将工件至少局部地暴露在激光射线下面。此外本发明还涉及一种加工工件的装置，该装置具有一个激光源、一个由下压板构成的工件支承和一个由上压板构成的透穿射线的在加工期间用于固定工件的位于工件上的上压板。
背景技术
通常已知这种通过激光射线进行塑料焊接的方法并且也称为透射焊接。对于这种塑料焊接方法重要的是，在焊接过程中将工件相互夹紧，因为对于通过激光射线进行良好塑料焊接的一个重要前提是，不仅是能量配量，而且在两个要被相互连接的表面之间是清洁的机械接触。为此已知不同的方法和装置，它们尤其对于平面部件能够实现足够的顶压力。
原则上通过激光射线不仅能够实现这些部件的相互焊接而且也进行其它加工过程，例如在相关的欧洲专利02 001 768.7中所描述的那样。
补偿下压板和上压板与位于其间的工件之间的压力差和部件误差，这对于具有必要精度的加工是必需的，为此要使每个部件具有相同的顶压条件。
发明内容
因此本发明要解决的技术问题是，在这里提出一种方法，通过它能够快速而经济地加工这种高度精密的部件，其中能够同时补偿压力差和部件误差。
上述技术问题按照本发明由一种将工件固定，接着将工件至少局部地暴露在激光射线下的、用于通过激光射线加工工件的方法得到解决，其中在第一工作步骤中多个要被加工的工件被放置到一个具有在垂直方向上可移动的支承段的下压板上，在第二工作步骤中使工件顶面与构成上压板的透穿射线的板处于接触，以给定顶压力使下压板与上压板向一起顶压，其中支承段到上压板之间的距离可以调整变化，接着使在上压板与下压板之间的要被加工的工件暴露在通过上压板透穿的激光射线下。
上述技术问题按照本发明还由一种用于通过激光射线加工工件的装置得到解决。所述装置具有一个激光源、一个工件支座作为下压板和一个透穿射线的在加工期间用于固定工件的位于工件上的上压板以及一个压力发生装置，所述压力发生装置作用于至少一个顶压板，其中所述下压板具有多个用于容纳要被加工工件的工件支承，它们可以在垂直方向上相对于下压板移动并且其与上压板的距离相同的顶压力下可以调整变化。
按照本方法在第一工作步骤中将多个要被加工的工件放置到一个支座上，该支座由具有至少在垂直方向上可移动的支承段的下压板构成。为此将各个工件分别放到支承段上，由此使所有部件同时定位并且也可以至少局部地固定。在下一工作步骤中透穿射线的板例如由玻璃制成的板作为上压板与工件接触。这一点根据按照本发明方法的改进结构只通过放置实现，即，使上压板移动到上工件或者使工件从下面向上移动到上压板实现。接着使下压板和上压板以给定的顶压力向一起顶压。在此在垂直方向上可移动的支承段与上压板的距离是调整变化的，因此补偿工件误差，尽管所有工件以相同的顶压力加载。在此夹紧可以这样实现，或者只有下压板的各个支承段有选择地通过正要被加工的工件夹紧在上压板与那个支承段之间并暴露在激光射线下面，或者所有支承段同时以所需的顶压力加载。因此在有选择顶压时只对两个工件进行可靠地顶压然后对那些正被激光射线照射的工件进行顶压。所有其余的位于下压板上的工件仅轻轻地夹紧并只有在加工的瞬间才被压紧在上压板与那个支承段之间。
这种方法具有适用于生产更大量工件的优点。例如可以配备可更换的料箱，由此减少生产时间。尽管工件在高度上可能产生变化但是通过各个部件的夹紧也能够以足够的焊缝精度质量加工这些部件。
按照本方法的另一有利改进结构，以相应给定的顶压力相对于工件顶压支座部件的各个分段。这些各个分段例如可以机械地、气动地、液动地、伺服马达地或电磁地通过各个针销、辊子、销钉、板等来确定。这些各个分段的结构根据应用形式和要被加工的工件进行调整。在例如各个支座部件使用针销时可以向一起顶压工件，这些工件在面对下压板的一面不平地、例如具有轮廓地构成。
按照本方法的另一结构，各支承段在垂直方向上通过第一顶压力一直移动到与上压板接触并相对于上压板顶压，然后接着在激光射线加工期间通过更高的第二顶压力加载。当然也可以是多个支承段同时这样动作。其优点在于，由此在结构上简单地实现在激光射线加工完毕后由已经配备好的第二下压板更换所述下压板。这种更换料箱的方法明显提高焊接装置上的加工量。
为此下压板最好在底面配有一个压缩空气接头并且设置在一个具有一个压缩空气配合件的底板上，并且所述下压板相对于底板以作用力顶压，该作用力由相对于上压板的更高的第二顶压力产生，并由此密封压缩空气连接。
按照本方法的另一改进结构在上压板与工件之间加入一个透穿射线的弹性塑料薄膜作为补偿元件。以便能够补偿向一起顶压时可能产生的顶压差和工件误差。这种塑料膜的插入还可以在可移动支承的支承段或一个刚性的下压板条件下实现。
一种用于加工工件的装置具有一个下压板，它具有多个在垂直方向上相对于下压板可移动支承的支承段，其与上压板的距离在相同的顶压力下可以调整变化。支承段的大小基本对应于要被加工或要被焊接的工件的大小。移动性可以通过一个弹性的支承起作用，使每个支承段能够适配于可能的加工误差。为了最佳地适配工件尺寸每个支承段可以在垂直方向上通过压力发生装置单独地或也可以成组地相互控制并在垂直方向上可移动地构成。因此对于每个工件副调整配合部件(支承段和上压板)之间的相应距离。
按照另一改进结构本装置具有支承段，它具有独立的在垂直方向上移动的部件。这些部件又可以由较小的销钉、针销、辊子、具有相应支承面的活塞或类似部件构成。这种布置的优点在于，能够实现针销对使用情况的确定的适配性。
如果只在焊接瞬间向一起顶压工件，则一个相应的控制装置要保证，那个支承段正好压紧工件，激光射线照射在这些工件上。
按照本发明装置的一个优选改进结构下压板由以压缩空气加载的压力室构成，该压力室具有一个或多个在垂直方向上移动的工件支承，例如具有大支承面的活塞、销钉、针销等。工件支承可以单个地、相互分开地控制。但是也可以，下压板具有单独弹性支承的工件支承并且压板在垂直方向上可以移动。
在另一改进结构中装置配有下压板，下压板由最好用于压缩空气的压力室构成，所述装置配有至少两个这种下压板，它们作为交换料箱交替地与上压板处于压力接触。下压板最好在底面上具有一个压缩空气开孔，该开孔与设置在其下面的压板上的相应开孔对准。
下压板上的压缩空气开孔最好由通孔构成而底板上的压缩空气开孔由具有用于容纳密封件的沉孔的开孔构成。这一点能够没有附加管道或阀门地实现特别简单的密封。设置在沉孔里的密封件通过下压板的重量被挤压在一起，并由此以较小压力密封。但是这个压力足以使在垂直方向上移动的支承段相对于上压板移动。当接着增加顶压力时下压板通过这个增加的顶压力相对于底板顶压，使得由此也保证增加密封性。
下面借助于实施形式结合附图详细描述本发明。
附图说明
图1以截面图表示具有移动支承段的简要原理布置，
图2以立体俯视图表示具有支承段和独立分段的下压板，
图3为一个具有刚性下压板和一个在上压板与工件之间的附加薄膜的实施形式，
图4为具有压力室的下压板工作原理图，
图5以立体图和截面图表示具有两个容纳工件支承段的压缩空气室的下压板，
图6为下压板在配有用于交换料箱的压缩空气接头的底板上的截面图，
图7为配有销钉的下压板的简化立体图和具有工件和上压板的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出位于工件4和5上的由石英玻璃制成的上压板3，其中上工件4和上压板3可以透穿一个源自激光源的未示出的激光射线。激光射线以公知的方式和方法通过适当的光学机构这样成形，使激光射线垂直地位于要被加工范围上面并在这个范围上面移动。这一点可以通过相应的偏转镜、激光源本身或支承台的移动产生。激光射线穿过上压板3和上工件4，使得激光射线加热位于两个工件之间拼接处的材料并对于这个实施形式由此起到使两个工件4和5焊接的作用。为了选择被焊接的部位在上压板3上可以存在一个相应的掩模。两个工件4和5设置在一个下压板9的支承段8上。不仅上压板而且下压板都可以例如通过一个通常的活塞/缸体结构液压地或气压地移动。在所示实施形式中上压板3固定不动，而下压板9如图所示，在工件4和5安置在那些支承段8上之后通过确定的压力相对于上压板顶压上工件4的上表面。在下压板9上移动支承的支承段8同样可以例如通过通常的活塞/缸体结构、一般称为压力发生装置10在垂直方向上气动地控制。
根据结构压力发生装置在需要时可以这样控制，只对支承段8以比其它支承段8’，8”高的相应顶压力加载，激光射线正好射在该支承段上。一旦激光射线移动到下一支承段8’，则对支承段8卸载并相应地对支承段8’以更高的压力加载。因此对于本实施形式保证，工件只在加工瞬间置于高顶压力下，例如对于微和毫微结构的质量要求顶压力在加工瞬间是必需的，因此不可能实现尺寸准确和精确的加工。在按照图1的实施形式中在下压板9通过压力发生装置10接近上压板3之后，对支承段8’，8”以压缩空气加载。通过压力室15各压力活塞16在垂直方向上移动支承段8’，8”并可以适配于不同的工件4，5厚度，其中顶压力对于所有工件是相同的。在这里不发生对各支承段的控制选择。
图2示出具有独立支承段8的下压板9的立体图，其中支承段不象图1所示那样构成平面支承面，而用点支承代替平面支承面。这一点可以通过各个分段，即更小的、平面支承面11和通过销钉或针销12点状地实现。平面分段11也可以通过滚子或其它适当的部件实现，其中对于本附图所示的实施形式各分段，不管是平面形状(标记符号11)还是销钉或针销12都同样可以单独地以顶压力加载。这一点可以通过如图1所示的压力室15实现，但是压力室对于每个分段11可以独立地控制。
在按照图3的实施形式中在上压板3与上工件4之间插入一个用于透穿激光射线的厚度为约0.2至1mm的薄膜14，通过它在工件4，5可靠地顶压在一起之后在上压板3之间实现误差和压力补偿，使得在加工时所需的顶压力可以作用到所有的工件。因此也可能省去在图1至3中所示在垂直方向上移动的支承段的补偿。在附图中尽管采用如图1所述的移动支承段仍附加地使用薄膜14。
图4示出一个装置的三个不同运行状态，该装置具有一个具有压力室15的下压板9。压力室15例如具有三个在垂直方向上突进压力室的压力活塞16，其上端面17用来作为加工支承面。下压板9仍然通过缸体28在垂直方向上移动，如图所示，这个缸体在垂直方向具有更大的行程。在附图中未示出工件。图4A示出静止位置布置的高度为h1。在图4B中缸体28以压力气动或液动地加载，使下压板9已经接近上压板3移动到高度h2。然后在图4C中对压力室15以压力加载并使活塞16从压力室15在垂直方向上移动。压力活塞16的行程独立地取决于支承在端面17上的工件厚度。因此可以补偿工件误差，使得总保证所需的顶压力。
图5以放大的立体图(图5A)和侧视图(图5B)只示出具有压力室15和两个压力活塞16的下压板9，在活塞上一个工件支承设置在端面17上。要被焊接的工件4，5位于工件支承18上。在这个示例中压缩空气接头19位于侧面。在图5B中可以看出，压力活塞16在压力室15中通过密封20这样导引，使得也能够实现微小的角度适配性。
图6A在截面图中以另一种改进结构示出底板21上的压板9。在图6B中以立体图示出底板21而在图6C中示出细节C。下压板9仍然包括具有活塞16的压力室15，活塞支承一个工件支承18。工件4，5位于工件支承上，工件相对于透明的上压板3被顶压。下压板9具有一个通向压力室15的通孔22并以平面底面23顶靠在底板21上。这个底板具有一个压缩空气通道24，它通到圆柱形沉孔25的表面。如图6B和C所示这个沉孔用于容纳一个密封环26。这个密封环使相互顶靠的下压板9和底板21的表面相互密封。
这种布置能够以最有利和更简单的方式和方法使用多个下压板9作为工件料箱，它们可以互换并且立刻连接到压缩空气发生装置上。
最后图7示出销钉29形式的支承段，它们单独地在压力室15中在垂直方向上移动地导引并且如上所述，同样以压缩空气加载。图7A示出一个单个的销钉29，图7B示出具有多个销钉29的下压板9而图7C以截面图示出销钉对于下工件5的布置，下工件具有面对销钉29的轮廓。因此具有结构化表面的工件也可以在一个面上被精确的顶压。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于通过激光射线加工工件的方法，其中将工件固定，接着将工件至少局部地暴露在激光射线下，其特征在于，在第一工作步骤中多个要被加工的工件(4，5)被放置到一个具有在垂直方向上可移动的支承段(8)的下压板(9)上，在第二工作步骤中使工件(4)顶面与构成上压板(3)的透穿射线的板处于接触，以给定顶压力使下压板与上压板向一起顶压，其中支承段(8)到上压板之间的距离可以调整变化，接着使在上压板(3)与下压板(9)之间的要被加工的工件(4，5)暴露在通过上压板(3)透穿的激光射线下。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述装有工件(4，5)的支承段(8)有选择地相对于上压板被顶压并只有这个工件支承暴露在激光射线下。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述各支承段(8，8’，8”)在垂直方向上对应于所期望的顶压力相对于工件(4，5)被顶压。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述支承段采用各个在垂直方向上可移动的分段(11，12)，它们相应地以给定顶压力相对于工件(4，5)被顶压。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述各支承段(8，8’，8”)在垂直方向上以第一顶压力一直移动到与上压板(3)接触并相对于上压板(3)被顶压然后接着在激光射线加工过程中以更高的第二顶压力加载。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在激光射线加工完毕后由已配备好的第二下压板替换所述下压板。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述下压板在底面配有一个压缩空气接头并设置在一个具有压缩空气配合件的底板上，并且所述下压板相对于底板以这样一个作用力顶压，该作用力由相对于上压板(3)的更高的第二顶压力产生，并由此密封压缩空气接头。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述上压板(3)与工件(4，5)之间加入一个透穿射线的弹性塑料膜(14)作为可移动支承的支承段(8)或刚性下压板的补偿元件。
9.一种用于通过激光射线加工工件的装置，具有一个激光源、一个工件(4，5)支座作为下压板(9)和一个透穿射线的在加工期间用于固定工件的位于工件上的上压板(3)以及一个压力发生装置(10)，所述压力发生装置作用于至少一个顶压板(3，9)，其特征在于，所述下压板(9)具有多个用于容纳要被加工工件的工件支承，它们可以在垂直方向上相对于下压板移动并且其与上压板的距离相同的顶压力下可以调整变化。
10.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述下压板(9)由以压缩空气加载的压力室(15)构成，它具有一个或多个在垂直方向上可移动的工件支承(16，18)。
11.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述下压板(9)具有单个的、可以相互独立控制的工件支承(12，16，18)。
12.如权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述下压板(9)具有单个弹性支承的工件支承并且下压板(9)可以在垂直方向上移动。
13.如权利要求9至12中任一项或几项所述的装置，其特征在于，具有至少两个这种下压板(9)，它们可以交替地与上压板(3)处于压力接触。
14.如权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于，所述下压板(9)在底面(23)上具有一个压缩空气孔(22)，它与一个设置在其下面的底板(21)上的相应压缩空气孔(24)对准。
15.如权利要求14所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压缩空气孔(22)在下压板(9)上由一个通孔构成而所述压缩空气孔(24)在底板上由一个带有沉孔(25)的孔构成，该沉孔用于容纳一个密封件(26)。
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CN1496778A (zh) 2004-05-19
DE50200675D1 (de) 2004-08-26
EP1405712B1 (de) 2004-07-21
ATE271458T1 (de) 2004-08-15
ES2225709T3 (es) 2005-03-16
US7282665B2 (en) 2007-10-16
EP1405712A1 (de) 2004-04-07
JP3856777B2 (ja) 2006-12-13
US20040065406A1 (en) 2004-04-08

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