CN1256071A - 减少微胶囊加工制剂中甲醛含量的方法 - Google Patents
减少微胶囊加工制剂中甲醛含量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/20—After-treatment of capsule walls, e.g. hardening
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Phenolic Resins Or Amino Resins (AREA)
Abstract
本发明披露一种为减少氨基树脂微胶囊加工制剂的甲醛含量的方法,该方法包括用大约0.03重量%到大约0.75重量%的氨处理该微胶囊加工制剂。本发明也涉及用该方法形成的微胶囊。
Description
本发明涉及微胶囊和减少含微胶囊的加工制剂的甲醛含量的方法。具体地说,本发明涉及的是基本上不溶于水的液体物质的封装滴剂,其中的封装剂是由氨基树脂最好是由改性的脲甲醛预聚物形成的薄膜。
在农业和非农业化学品的两个技术领域内使用膜、涂层和胶囊来控制液体物质的释放是早已众所周知的了。在农业方面,控释技术改进了除草剂、杀虫剂、杀霉菌剂、杀菌剂和肥料的效力。非农业的用途包括胶囊化了的染料、墨水、医药、调味剂和香精。
控释材料的最普通的形式有涂覆的液滴或微胶囊、涂覆的固体(包括多孔和非多孔的两种颗粒形式)、和固体颗粒的涂覆凝集物。在某些情况下,要求封装薄膜是水溶性的,当该胶囊处于与水接触时,该薄膜则释放所封装的物质。其它的涂层则被设计成,当该涂层由于外力而弄破裂时,则开始释放所包裹的物质。
另外还有一些涂层,就其性质而言是多孔的,并且通过其小孔将所包裹的物质以慢速扩散到周围介质中。这样的涂层,除了提供有控制的释放外,亦可以用来帮助将水不溶的液体分散到水中和含水的介质如潮湿的土壤中。以这种形式封装的滴剂在农业中特别有用,在这里来自灌溉、雨水和水雾的水是经常存在的。制备这种胶囊的各种方法是已知的。
在一种方法中,该胶囊是通过亲水性胶质土壤的凝聚作用从水溶液中进行相分离而形成的。该方法在US2800457(1957年7月23日,Green等人的)和2800458(1957年7月23日,Green的)中已被公开。
在美国专利US4046741(1977年9月6日,Scher的)和4140516(1979年2月20日,Scher的)中公开了一种界面聚合方法,该方法是使成膜反应物溶解于分散在水中的疏水性液体中,当作为乳液的各相进行接触时则在界面处发生反应。
另外的界面聚合方法公开在美国专利US3726804(1973年4月10日授予Matsukawa等人的)中,该方法是,所有的成膜组分一开始就存在于疏水性液滴中,该液滴除含有被封装的物质外还含有低沸点的或极性的溶剂。在加热下,该溶剂被释放到水相(该乳液的连续相)中,并且该成膜物质在该界面上累积并进行聚合。
在日本公开专利9168/1961中介绍了一种使用过氧化物催化剂的烯烃聚合,其中油不溶性聚合物是在油滴表面上形成的。
英国专利952807和965074介绍一种方法,是使一种固体例如蜡或热塑性树脂被溶融、分散和冷却以便在液滴周围形成封装薄膜。
US3111407号(1963年11月19日,Lindguist等人的)美国专利介绍一种喷雾干燥法,该方法是在雾化的瞬间形成封装的滴剂。
这些方法根据设备费用、能量要求、控制微胶囊大小的容易程度、对于附加试剂例如催化剂和沉降剂的需要、以及微胶囊相的百分数的诸多条件而变化。
此处引入作为参考的公开文献US4956129号美国专利指出一种方法,在该方法中基本上不溶于水中的液体物质可以被微胶囊化在多孔的聚(脲-甲醛)壳之中。但是,当脲-甲醛树脂中存在的羟甲基互相反应时将有甲醛放出。甲醛是该树脂聚合的副产物。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种减少微胶囊的加工制剂的甲醛含量的简单而廉价的方法。本发明的其它目的可以从下面的说明中一目了然。
现已发现,基本上不溶于水中的液体物质可以被微胶囊化在多孔的氨基树脂壳中,其中作为微胶囊工艺中的副产物形成的甲醛含量不大于0.1%,该微胶囊工艺包括下列步骤:
(a)提供一种含有所说液体物质和溶于其中的醚化的氨基树脂预聚物的有机溶液,在该溶液中所说预聚物的大约50%~大约98%的羟甲基已被C4~C10的醇所醚化;
(b)在含有水和表面活性剂的连续相水溶液中制备一种所说有机溶液的乳浊液,其中所说的乳浊液含有分散在所说连续相水溶液中的所说有机溶液的不连续液滴,因此,在该有机溶液的不连续液滴与周围的连续相水溶液之间形成界面;
(c)在所说乳液加热到大约20℃~大约100℃的同时,就地引起与所说界面毗邻的所说不连续液滴的有机相中的所说的氨基树脂预聚物进行自缩聚和固化,并向该乳液中加入酸化剂,保持该乳液的PH为大约0到大约4之间,以便有足够的时间使所说树脂预聚物基本上完成就地缩合,以便将所说有机溶液的液滴转化成胶囊,该胶囊是由包封所说液体物质的可渗透的固体聚合物壳所组成,和
(d)用大约0.03重量%到大约0.75重量%的氨后处理氨基树脂胶囊的加工制剂。
本发明涉及上述方法和该方法形成的微胶囊这两个方面。
在由脲甲醛预聚物形成微胶囊的过程中,例如在US4956129号美国专利中披露的方法中,甲醛是作为脲甲醛预聚物的聚合反应的副产物而被形成的。通常,制得的微胶囊加工制剂含有大约0.5%的游离甲醛。
本发明的方法包括用大约0.03重量%到大约0.75重量%的氨后处理氨基树脂微胶囊的加工制剂,可有效地将微胶囊加工制剂的游离甲醛含量减少到不大于0.1%。
最好通过使浓缩的氨溶液与微胶囊加工制剂进行混合的办法来进行该处理。按本方法形成的微胶囊,能使封装在其中的液体通过壳的扩散作用以慢速度释放到周围的介质中。但是,现已发现,以相当大量(1.5重量%左右)的氨进行处理,将会严重地破坏微胶囊壁并且将改变该微胶囊加工制剂的释放特性。
正如在美国专利4956129号中介绍的那样,本质的问题是,形成微胶囊内容物的有机溶液(即,心液体)是基本上不溶于水中的。该有机溶液可以包含一种液体材料或一种或多种活性液体或溶于在水中具有微溶解性的惰性溶剂中的固体。在后者的情况下,当两相处于平衡状态时,该液或固体溶质最好必须留在有机相中。
各种各样的液体都可以采用本方法被封装起来。凡是不与氨基树脂预聚进行反应和能通过壳膜进行扩散的液体都是适用的。适于封装的液体包括:生化试剂如除草剂,杀虫剂,杀霉菌剂,杀线虫剂,杀菌剂,杀鼠剂,软体动物杀伤剂,除螨剂,除蚴剂,动物、昆虫和鸟类的驱除剂,植物生长调节剂,肥料,外激素,性诱饵和引诱剂,以及香料香精组合物。本发明的微胶囊特别适合于包括硫代氨基甲酸酯(盐)、二硫代氨基甲酸酯(盐)、乙酰胺、N-(某)酰苯胺、氨磺酰、三嗪、有机磷化合物和拟除虫菊酯的农药类。这些化合物的实例在美国专利US4956129中已公开。
用于本组合物中的许多不同类型的心液最好做农药,并且对于某几类农药而言又是特别好的。一种这样的类型是取代的硫代氨基甲酸酯,特别是如通常已知的那些硫代氨基甲酸酯类:草达灭(molinate)(S-乙基六氢-1H-氮杂硫赶氨基甲酸酯);草灭特(cycloatee)(S-乙基N-乙基硫代环己氨基甲酸酯;扑草灭(EPTC)(S-乙基二丙基硫代氨基甲酸酯;苏达灭(buty-latee)(S-乙基二异丁基硫代氨基甲酸酯;燕麦敌(diallate)(S-(2,3-二氯烯丙基)二异丙基硫代氨基甲酸酯和灭草猛(vernolate)(S-丙基二丙基硫代氨基甲酸酯)。
特别好的另一类农药是N-(某)酰苯胺除草剂,尤其是本技术领域内已知的那些小类如α-卤代N-乙酰苯胺,或特别好的是2-氯代乙酰苯胺除草剂。这样类型的一些特指化合物包括:异丙甲草胺-(metolachlor)(2-氯-N-(2-乙基-6-甲基苯基)-N-(2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基)乙醚胺);去草胺(butachlor)(N-丁氧基甲基-2-氯-2′,6′-二乙基乙酰苯胺);草不绿(alachlor)(2-氯-2′,6′-二乙基-N-(甲氧基甲基)乙酰苯胺);刈草按(acetochlor)(2-氯-N-(乙氧基甲基)-6′-乙基-O-N-乙酰甲苯胺);吡草胺(metazochlor)(2-氯-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)-N-(1H-吡唑基-1-甲基)乙酰胺);丙草胺(pretilachlor)(2-氯-2′,6′-二乙基-N-(2-丙氧基乙基)乙酰苯胺);克草胺(dimethacblor)(2-氯-N-(2-甲氧基乙基)乙酰-2′,6′-二甲代苯胺;和毒草安(propachlor)(2-氯-N-异丙基乙酰苯胺)。这种类型的其它许多化合物已在多份专利中公开了。
如在本技术领域中众所周知的那样,由于在该组合物中含有解毒剂或安全剂(参见US4021224和47708735),和增效剂,所以可以扩大许多农药的适用性。各类抗毒剂包括:N,N-二取代的卤代乙酰胺、噁唑烷、噻唑烷、氨磺酰、各种卤代酯类、卤代酮类、二硫化物、咪唑啉、肟类和吡啶氧基酮酸酰胺。
适用于本发明的预聚物不限于现有技术中所叙述的醚化脲—甲醛预聚物,而是可以广泛地包括那些在有机相具有高溶解性而在水中具有低溶解性的其它氨基树脂预聚物。
氨基树脂是一类已知的聚合物,并已被报导过,例如,在“50 years of Amino Coating Resins”中,Albert J.Kirsch,ed.,winchell co.[费城(philadelphia)],1986。它们是由含氨的化合物和甲醛制备的。通常,氨基树脂可归纳为四小类:脲—甲醛、蜜胺—甲醛、苯并胍胺—甲醛和甘脲—甲醛。在本发明中优选上述的前两类并且最优选的是脲—甲醛预聚物。
预聚物蜜胺—甲醛、苯并胍胺—甲醛和甘脲—甲醛是市售的,其商品名称为CYMEL并且由美国氰氨公司(AmericanCyanamid co.)出售。可以采用已知工艺,通过胺与甲醛之间的反应来制备氨基树脂预聚物。
水溶性的脲—甲醛或蜜胺—甲醛预聚物,在水相分离微胶囊化方法中,也可以被用作聚合物成型材料。将该预聚物加到水介质并于酸性条件下进行聚合。水溶性脲—甲醛或蜜胺—甲醛聚合物冗淀析出,并且该聚合物沉积在油滴上(如US3516846号美国专利所披露的那样)。甲醛是作为壳壁形成过程的副产物而产生出来的。包括用氨对氨基树脂微胶囊的加工制剂进行后处理的上述方法,当以该预聚物作为成型的聚合物材料时,对于减少微胶囊加工制剂的甲醛方面是有效的。
下面提供几个实施例作为对本发明的方法和产品的说明,但是对于本发明的定义范围没有任何形式的限制。
草达灭处理方法微胶囊加工制剂一处理方法1A、1B和1C
制备一种有机溶液,该溶液是在84.2公斤工业级的S-乙基六氢化-1H-氮杂硫赶氨基甲酸酯(草达灭)中含有6.37公斤全丁基化的脲—甲醛预聚物(Beetle80,是由AmericanCyanamid得到的)和0.64公斤MercaptateQ-43季戊四醇四(巯基丙酸酯),由cincinnati Milacron Chemicals出售的。在含有2.374公斤木质素磺酸钠(Daxad23)和0.798公斤二烷基萘磺酸钠(Petro BAF)的75.955公斤水中采用高剪切的搅拌机使该溶液乳化。用1.0公斤浓硫酸使该分散液的PH降至2.0。将温度提高到50℃并在低剪切搅拌下继续3小时。然后使该分散液冷却到室温。用1.0公斤50%的氢氧化钠溶液在未处理的试样中(处理方法1A使PH提高到7.0。以30%的氨水溶液的形式将氨加入到处理的试样中(处理方法1B和1C))。
该分散液的电子显微镜观察表明完全形成了不连续的近似球形的微胶囊。该胶囊的平均直径为12微米。草达灭胶囊的甲醛含量和释放速度:
使用装备有电流测定仪的色谱柱测量这些加工制剂的甲醛含量,该结果示于表1之中。
于恒温的塞紧的烧瓶中,对1.67克草达灭(4磅草达灭/加伦)微胶囊加工制剂于1000克水中的溶液,在25℃下搅拌2小时。两小时以后,取两个10毫升试样并连续地通过一个0.2微米的过滤器以便除去微胶囊。用20毫升甲苯萃取1毫升的第二滤液。然后用气体色谱分析该甲苯。该分析结果记载于表1中(以含水滤液中有多少ppm的草达灭表示之)。
表 1处理方法 后处理 甲醛 草达灭
加氨% 含量% 释放量1A 0 0.44 98.0ppm1B 0.73 0.09 103.5ppm1C 1.50 0.03 543.3ppm
当用0.73%的氨后处理微胶囊加工制剂(处理方法1B)时,甲醛含量被减少到0.09%,并且心液的释放速度类似于未处理的加工制剂(处理方法1A)。然而当以1.50%的氨进行后处理时,甲醛的含量仅为0.03%,其释放速度比0.73%处理物的高5倍。
刈草胺处理方法微胶囊加工制剂一处理方法2A、2B和2C
该有机溶液由50.2克Beetle 1050-10树脂和378.8克刈草胺(纯度为96.1%)组成。Beetle 1050-10是从AmericanCyanamid Company得到的部分丁基化了(约80%)的液体脲-甲醛树脂。以高剪切搅拌机将该有机溶液分散在4.0克木质素磺酸钠(Reax100M)、1.8克二烷基萘磺酸钠(PETRO BAF)和347.2克水的溶液之中。用0.8克浓硫酸将所得乳液的PH值降至2.0。然后将该乳液的温度升至50℃。在该温度下使低剪切搅拌继续3小时。再将所得分散液冷却。通过搅拌对该制剂在0.32克汉生胶(Relzan)、3.2克一种美国活性白土(Attagel 40),和0.8克Proxel c xl(生物杀伤剂)中进行后配制。用50%的氢氧化钠溶液将未处理的试样(处理2A)的PH提高到7.0。在氨处理过的试样2B中,用0.3克30%的氨溶液将其PH提高到7.0,再用1.3克30%的氨溶液将其PH提高到8.0。然后再用0.5克30%的氨溶液将其PH提高到9.0并维持该PH值。在氨处理过的试样2C中,用1.5克30%的氨溶液将其PH提高到10.0,并用另外1.0克30%的氨溶液使PH值维持在10.0。
电子显微镜观测充分表明,很好地形成了不连续的球形微胶囊。
刈草胺胶囊的甲醛含量和释放速度:
使用装备有电流测定仪的色谱柱测量这些加工制剂的甲醛含量。该结果记录在表2中。
于恒温的塞紧的烧瓶中,对0.178克刈草胺(4磅刈草胺/加伦)微胶囊加工制剂于1000克水中的溶液在25℃下搅拌2小时。两小时之后,取两个10毫升试样并连续地通过0.2微米的过滤器以便除去微胶囊。然后用20毫升甲苯萃取1毫升的第二滤液。然后通过气体色谱分析该甲苯。该结果是以该含水滤液中含有多少ppm的刈草胺的形式记载于表2之中。
表 2处理方法 后处理 甲醛 刈草胺
加氨% 含量% 释放量2A 0.0 0.50 10.55ppm2B 0.63 0.09 14.05ppm2C 0.75 0.03 9.90ppm
加氨后处理明显地减少了加工制剂的甲醛含量(低于未处理试样的甲醛含量)。另外,通过对于每种处理方法,正如刈草胺的释放速率所证明的,仍保持了微胶囊的综合性能。在实验误差范围内,每种处理方法的释放速率是相同的。
Claims (3)
1.通过界面聚合或水相与氨基树脂预聚物分离而进行心物质微胶囊化的方法,其改进包括,使得到的氨基树脂聚合物与0.03重量%至0.75重量%的氨进行反应。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中氨基树脂预聚物是脲-甲醛预聚物。
3.用权利要求1的方法制备的改进的氨基树脂微胶囊。
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US4956129A (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1990-09-11 | Ici Americas Inc. | Microencapsulation process |
EP0158449B1 (en) * | 1984-03-30 | 1987-11-04 | Stauffer Chemical Company | Microcapsules and microencapsulation process |
EP0188807B2 (de) * | 1984-12-24 | 1993-05-26 | Papierfabrik August Koehler AG | Verfahren zur Mikroverkapselung von Ölen mit darin gelösten Farbreaktionspartnern, danach hergestellte Mikrokapseln und deren Verwendung in Farbreaktionsaufzeichnungssystemen |
JPS644242A (en) * | 1987-06-24 | 1989-01-09 | Toa Gosei Chem Ind | Manufacture of microcapsule |
-
1993
- 1993-01-18 IL IL10442593A patent/IL104425A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-20 DZ DZ930004A patent/DZ1660A1/fr active
- 1993-01-21 DK DK93904559.7T patent/DK0623052T3/da active
- 1993-01-21 HU HU9402020A patent/HU214297B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-21 ES ES93904559T patent/ES2091598T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-21 JP JP5513316A patent/JPH07507001A/ja active Pending
- 1993-01-21 AT AT93904559T patent/ATE142904T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-21 KR KR1019940702505A patent/KR100261629B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-21 AU AU35882/93A patent/AU660779B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-01-21 DE DE69304891T patent/DE69304891T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-21 WO PCT/US1993/000531 patent/WO1993014865A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-01-21 EP EP93904559A patent/EP0623052B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-01-22 TN TNTNSN93008A patent/TNSN93008A1/fr unknown
- 1993-01-22 CN CN93101739A patent/CN1056724C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-22 CN CNB991243749A patent/CN1226921C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-22 TR TR93/0067A patent/TR26610A/xx unknown
- 1993-01-22 MX MX9300336A patent/MX9300336A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-23 EG EG4193A patent/EG20408A/xx active
-
1996
- 1996-09-19 GR GR960402270T patent/GR3021078T3/el unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69304891D1 (de) | 1996-10-24 |
EP0623052B1 (en) | 1996-09-18 |
CN1056724C (zh) | 2000-09-27 |
HU214297B (hu) | 1998-03-02 |
HU9402020D0 (en) | 1994-09-28 |
TR26610A (tr) | 1995-03-15 |
MX9300336A (es) | 1993-07-01 |
WO1993014865A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
DE69304891T2 (de) | 1997-02-06 |
KR100261629B1 (ko) | 2000-07-15 |
CN1077083A (zh) | 1993-10-13 |
ATE142904T1 (de) | 1996-10-15 |
EG20408A (en) | 1999-02-28 |
GR3021078T3 (en) | 1996-12-31 |
DK0623052T3 (zh) | 1997-02-24 |
AU660779B2 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
AU3588293A (en) | 1993-09-01 |
EP0623052A1 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
ES2091598T3 (es) | 1996-11-01 |
CN1226921C (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
TNSN93008A1 (fr) | 1994-03-17 |
IL104425A (en) | 1996-10-31 |
HUT68678A (en) | 1995-07-28 |
JPH07507001A (ja) | 1995-08-03 |
IL104425A0 (en) | 1993-05-13 |
DZ1660A1 (fr) | 2002-02-17 |
KR950700122A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
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