CN1249414A - 烃燃料在燃烧炉中的燃烧方法 - Google Patents
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- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
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- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
- F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
- F23D14/76—Protecting flame and burner parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/002—Supplying water
- F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/00018—Means for protecting parts of the burner, e.g. ceramic lining outside of the flame tube
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
- F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于在接触腐蚀性气氛的燃烧炉中烃燃料燃烧的方法,其中以非－腐蚀性气氛沿着燃烧炉外表面通过可保护燃烧炉外表面。
Description
本发明涉及烃燃料在燃烧炉中的燃烧方法与实施这种燃烧方法的设备。
在化学工业中，在工业炉与过程加热器中燃烧时通常使用烃燃料，采用适当的燃烧炉提供热量，以给在反应容器中进行的反应以所需要的热量。
已知燃烧炉的常见缺陷是，如在工业燃烧炉所需的高燃料气体速度下燃烧炉面受到的损伤和由燃烧炉表面在高温下接触到腐蚀性气氛而引起的金属粉尘。
US 5 496 170公开了漩涡流燃烧炉，其改进设计是通过在靠近燃烧炉面燃烧而防止燃烧产物内循环，因此基本上可防止由热燃烧产物所造成的燃烧炉面损伤。
现在还观察到，当让保护性气体沿着燃烧炉体外表面和炉体面流动，其量足以稀释或代替在燃烧炉表面周围的腐蚀性气氛时，基本上可以避免金属粉尘和受到腐蚀性气氛的工业燃烧炉的渗碳作用。
因此，本发明提供一种在接触到腐蚀性气氛的燃烧炉中烃燃料燃烧的方法，其中让非-腐蚀性气氛沿着燃烧炉外表面通过，以保护该表面不与腐蚀性气氛接触。
合适的非-腐蚀性气氛应是任何气体介质，它不会在高温下造成金属粉尘或在金属表面发生渗碳反应。
合适的非-腐蚀性气氛包括蒸汽、H2、CO2和氮气或它们的混合物。
此外，本发明提供一种烃燃料与氧化剂燃烧的燃烧炉，其中包括在外金属表面内供给燃料和氧化剂的通道，和燃料与氧化剂喷口，其改进之处在于该燃烧炉包括在燃烧炉的至少部分外金属表面周围的同心并隔开的壁，适于沿着表面引入与通过保护性的气氛。
当在反应器中使用上述燃烧炉时，在反应器顶部围绕燃烧炉外表面，以适当距离用耐高温衬里材料形成该壁，因此形成了在燃烧炉操作期间保护性气氛引入与通过的通道。
参看唯一的附图，下面更详细地说明了一种本发明特定实施方案，该附图说明了安装在耐高温衬里的反应器顶上的本发明燃烧炉的截面图。
燃烧炉2有带圆柱金属上表面4的外表面与圆锥形金属喷口6，该燃烧炉安装在反应器1顶部。在燃烧炉顶1的燃烧炉表面与耐高温衬里8之间，构成了在上表面4与喷口6部分之间的环形空间10。蒸汽流沿着上表面4通过环形空间10，并流向喷口6。通过环形空间10的蒸汽流保护外表面免受腐蚀性燃烧气氛，并防止该表面由燃烧气氛造成的渗碳作用或金属粉化反应。
实施例
在自热重整炉(ATR)中试厂中，使用如US5 496 170公开的燃烧炉实施了本发明方法的不同实施方案。为保护燃烧炉外壁免受金属粉化，以蒸汽流在燃烧炉周围的套管中流过。该燃烧炉的外喷嘴用合金制成，初步试验表明，在外部没有蒸汽流保护的情况下，其喷嘴受到金属粉尘的浸蚀作用。同时，通过测定某些蒸汽与碳的比(S/C)的临界温度，试验了有关生成积炭的个个燃烧炉的性能。在每个试验中，通过逐渐地降低反应器出口温度(T出口)直到超过积炭极限，可测定到该临界温度。此外，在没有保护蒸汽流而在其他相同的条件(即入口流量、操作压力和蒸汽与碳的比)下对燃烧炉测定了该值。蒸汽与碳之比定义为以摩尔计的所有蒸汽料的总和除以以碳原子摩尔计的烃的总和(C1)。在上述试验中使用的中试厂包括往ATR反应器提供不同原料流的设备，ATR反应器和产物气体后处理设备。
原料流由天然气、蒸汽、氧与氢组成。所有气体压缩到操作压力，并预热到操作温度。天然气的平均组成列于表1。天然气在加入ATR反应器之前进行脱硫。原料流合并成三种蒸汽，并传到ATR的燃烧炉。天然气、氢气和蒸汽的第一原料流预热到温度约500℃。
含有氧气和蒸汽的第二原料流预热到200～220℃。仅由蒸汽组成的第三原料流加热到450℃。
在ATR反应器中，进行亚化学计算燃烧，接着催化蒸汽重整和转移反应。采用气相色谱分析进口和出口气体的组成。产物气体与重整和转移反应处于平衡。在ATR反应器下游，将其过程气体冷却，并将产物气体中的大部分蒸汽含量冷凝。
表1
| 成分 | 摩尔分数％ |
| N2 | 0.45 |
| CO2 | 1.20 |
| CH4 | 95.36 |
| C2 | 2.22 |
| C3 | 0.45 |
| C4 | 0.23 |
| C5 | 0.08 |
使用由市售Haynes-230合金制造的燃烧炉进行两个试验。在蒸汽与碳的比为0.35和0.6的操作条件下，在燃烧炉外壁上无保护蒸汽流，先进行了这种合金试验，由此燃烧炉外部在约155个操作小时之后受到金属粉尘浸蚀。根据本发明带保护蒸汽试验的相应操作条件汇集于下表2。
以参比试验“SP S/C 0.6参比”与“SP S/C 0.35参比”，在蒸汽套管中没有蒸汽时，对上述燃烧炉型进行了积碳生成极限试验。其试验结果汇集于表3。然后，研究了部分蒸汽沿着燃烧炉外壁通过蒸汽套管时的积碳极限。积碳性能试验的操作条件与表征燃烧炉积碳性能的临界温度(T临界)一起列于表3。
表2
| 试验 | NG分米3/小时 | H2分米3/小时 | S/C | 套管中蒸汽分米3/小时 | P(出口)巴.克 | T(出口)℃ | T(进口1)℃ | T(进口2)℃ | 流的小时 |
| MD S/C0.60MD S/C0.35 | 100100 | 2.02.0 | 0.600.35 | 5.03.5 | 27.527.5 | 10201020 | 500499 | 220222 | 163183 |
在蒸汽与碳之比(S/C)为0.60(MD S/C 0.60)与0.35(MD S/C 0.35)的条件下分别进行金属粉尘试验。操作条件汇集在表中，其中T进口，1与T进口，2分别是第一原料流与第二个原料流进口温度，而T出口与P出口是气体离开反应器的温度与压力，在这些条件下蒸汽重整与转移反应是处于平衡的。
在每个试验之后，从ATR反应器取出燃烧器以便检验。在外壁上没有保护蒸汽流的燃烧炉出现在气体喷嘴外表面上被金属粉尘腐蚀的表面区域，而有保护蒸汽的燃烧炉外喷嘴在其外表面没有出现任何金属粉尘征兆。
表3
积碳性能试验(SP)的操作条件与临界温度(T临界)包括在蒸汽套管中没有蒸汽的参比试验。
| 试验 | NG分米3/小时 | H2分米3/小时 | S/C | P(出口)巴.克 | T(临界)℃ | T(进口1)℃ | T(进口2)℃ | 套管中蒸汽分米3/小时 |
| MD S/C 0.60参比MD S/C 0.35参比MD S/C 0.60#1MD S/C 0.60#1MD S/C 0.35#2MD S/C 0.35#2 | 100100100100100100 | 2.02.02.02.02.02.0 | 0.600.350.600.600.350.35 | 27.527.527.527.527.527.5 | 950-900987-988947-952947-951986987 | 500500499503499489 | 220200196220219205 | 005.0123.512 |
为了研究燃烧炉积碳性能，进行了4个试验以确定在套管中有蒸汽流操作时的临界温度(T临界)。如表3所表明的一样，进行的四个试验的蒸汽-碳比为0.60与0.35，其表中还列出了临界温度(T临界)。在套管中蒸汽流与流到第一个原料流的蒸汽流都进行改变，以便使流到过程中的总蒸汽流保持不变。将这些结果与在没有蒸汽套管下操作的同样类型燃烧炉所得到的结果(参比)比较。没有发现任何显著差别的试验。因此，在燃烧炉外部在蒸汽套管中有蒸汽流的操作，当其量相应于加入该过程总蒸汽量的8～35％时，就积碳而言不影响燃烧炉的性能。
Claims (7)
1、一种用于在接触腐蚀性气氛的燃烧炉中烃燃料燃烧的方法，其中以非-腐蚀性气氛沿着燃烧炉外表面通过可保护燃烧炉外表面。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中非-腐蚀性气氛由蒸汽、H2、CO2、氮气或它们的混合物组成。
3、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中烃燃料是与蒸汽一起燃烧的。
4、根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中非腐蚀性气体由蒸汽组成。
5、根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中至少部分蒸汽与非腐蚀性气氛一起加到烃燃料中。
6、一种用于烃燃料与氧化剂燃烧的燃烧炉，该燃烧炉包括在外金属表面内供给燃料和氧化剂的通道、和燃料与氧化剂喷口、以及一个在燃烧炉至少部分外金属表面周围同心并隔开的壁，该壁适于沿表面加入与通过保护性的气氛。
7、根据权利要求6所述的燃烧炉，其中壁由耐高温衬里材料构成。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10046098P | 1998-09-15 | 1998-09-15 | |
| US60/100460 | 1998-09-15 | ||
| US60/100,460 | 1998-09-15 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1249414A true CN1249414A (zh) | 2000-04-05 |
| CN1196888C CN1196888C (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6322351B1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0987492B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4179717B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR100372826B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1196888C (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU755430B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2282014C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE69908267T2 (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO318563B1 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ337738A (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2249765C2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TW403821B (zh) |
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| DE10332860A1 (de) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-10 | Linde Ag | Gasbrenner |
| US8506660B2 (en) * | 2007-09-12 | 2013-08-13 | General Electric Company | Nozzles for use with gasifiers and methods of assembling the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US733579A (en) * | 1903-04-01 | 1903-07-14 | Joseph Fitton | Hydrocarbon-burner. |
| US4125360A (en) * | 1976-10-28 | 1978-11-14 | Envirotech Corporation | Steam atomizing burner |
| JPS60171310A (ja) * | 1984-02-15 | 1985-09-04 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | 低ΝＯｘバ−ナ装置 |
| US4986748A (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-01-22 | Corning Incorporated | Wide range oxy-fuel burner and furnace operation |
| US5209656A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-05-11 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Combustion system for high velocity gas injection |
| DK168460B1 (da) * | 1991-12-06 | 1994-03-28 | Topsoe Haldor As | Hvirvelbrænder |
| US5266025A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 1993-11-30 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Composite lance |
| US5597298A (en) * | 1994-12-13 | 1997-01-28 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Laminar flow burner |
| US5515794A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1996-05-14 | Texaco Inc. | Partial oxidation process burner with recessed tip and gas blasting |
| FR2779806B1 (fr) * | 1998-06-15 | 2000-07-21 | Air Liquide | Bruleur a injecteur perfectionne et procede de fabrication de cet injecteur |
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- 1999-09-14 NO NO19994449A patent/NO318563B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-14 RU RU99119901/06A patent/RU2249765C2/ru active
- 1999-09-14 KR KR10-1999-0039321A patent/KR100372826B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1999-09-15 CN CNB991188691A patent/CN1196888C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU755430B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| RU2249765C2 (ru) | 2005-04-10 |
| US6322351B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| NZ337738A (en) | 2001-03-30 |
| DE69908267T2 (de) | 2004-04-08 |
| AU4759299A (en) | 2000-03-23 |
| NO994449D0 (no) | 1999-09-14 |
| NO994449L (no) | 2000-03-16 |
| CA2282014A1 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
| NO318563B1 (no) | 2005-04-11 |
| EP0987492B1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
| KR20000023143A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
| CA2282014C (en) | 2008-08-26 |
| JP2000186806A (ja) | 2000-07-04 |
| JP4179717B2 (ja) | 2008-11-12 |
| CN1196888C (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
| EP0987492A1 (en) | 2000-03-22 |
| TW403821B (en) | 2000-09-01 |
| KR100372826B1 (ko) | 2003-02-20 |
| DE69908267D1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
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