CN1246633C

CN1246633C - Process for increasing burning residual performance of combustion equipment and treatment method of residual

Info

Publication number: CN1246633C
Application number: CNB031072429A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田熊昌夫; 仓西实; 吉良雅治; 纳翰内斯·马丁; 奥利弗·格勒; 约阿希姆·霍恩; 米夏埃尔·比施
Original assignee: Martin's Environmental Conservation And Energy Technology Co Ltd; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Current assignee: Martin's Environmental Conservation And Energy Technology Co Ltd; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority date: 2002-03-27
Filing date: 2003-03-19
Publication date: 2006-03-22
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-19
Also published as: CN1447060A; KR100581509B1; JP2006183998A; HK1082457A1; MY130344A; HK1057392A1; SG126759A1; KR20030077981A; JP3795022B2; SG101547A1; TW571050B; JP2003287217A; TW200304535A

Abstract

A combustion control system is run in such a way that the combustion residues are sintered and/or melted into bottom ash beforehand on the fuel bed of the main combustion zone, and residues that are not molten or sintered are discharged to the outside at the end of the combustion process and then returned once more to the combustion process. Also, wet combustion residues coming from a wet-type discharger are first separated into two fractions by a mechanical separation step, and then a main fraction essentially consisting of a coarse fraction and an oversize fraction is washed with water drawn from the wet-type discharger, thus separating finer parts adhering to the combustion residues.

Description

Improve the method and the residue processing method of the residual performance of combustion apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to the method for the residual performance of a kind of raising combustion apparatus (especially waste material is to the energy converting apparatus) generation, wherein, fuel burns on the burning grate, and increases the temperature of the residue of combustion that produces under suitable fuel control.

The invention still further relates to the processing method of the residue of combustion of a kind of combustion apparatus (especially waste material incinerator) generation, wherein, fuel burns on the burning grate, and the residue of generation extinguishes in the wet type tapping equipment, is delivered to the outside then from tapping equipment.

In addition, the invention still further relates to the processing method of the residue of combustion of a kind of combustion apparatus (especially waste material is to the energy converting apparatus) generation, wherein, fuel burns on the burning grate, and improves the temperature of the residue of combustion that produces under suitable fuel control.

Background technology

In the described this method of EP0667490B1, fuel heats on the burning grate, and the temperature of the bottom ashes that produce until burning just in time is in below the ashes fusing point of bottom, proceeds the melting stage in burning grate outside subsequently.This method is regulated burning by such mode, makes the bottom ashes of stove end have high as far as possible temperature, thereby makes the energy total amount that the downstream melting stage relates to low as much as possible.Yet sintering or fusing do not take place in the bottom ashes in this.However, in order to reach needed bottom ash quality, need a downstream melting stage.No matter previously mentioned heating operation how, this downstream melting stage not only needs the equipment of being correlated with, and needs to increase the energy total amount.

Inorganic and organic pollution composition in the waste material is very important to required bottom ash quality.Especially, heavy metal and salt are main inorganic pollution compositions.Imperfect combustion especially is easy to generate organic pollution.In addition, in the elutriation experimentation, the assessment how many existing pollutants are filtered off for the bottom ash quality is very crucial.In addition, the mechanical performance of bottom ashes in building operation (for example banket, earth work and road construction in) to the suitability that uses assess non-be with important.

Because the processing of residue of combustion relates to high temperature in the melting stage, the feature of the residue of combustion of fusing is that organic compound percentage is low.But the typical case bottom ashes type that waste material to energy converting apparatus produces comprises the unburnt of 1-5% weight, measures described material usually as combustible loss, and the combustible loss of the residue of combustion of fusing is less than 0.3% weight.In addition, the feature of the residue of combustion of fusing is the salt that leaches and the heavy metal of low percentage, because these materials or evaporated or be attached to when melt substance cools off in the formed glass basis.

On the other hand, DE701606C discloses a kind of technology, and wherein, residue of combustion is transported to the tapping equipment with entrance and has the letdown tank that oral groove of rising, and with drain lever the outside is delivered in the residue of combustion extraction.These residue of combustions are referred to as the bottom ashes.The water of ashes is provided to letdown tank bottom being used to extinguish.Only in enough fresh water lead-ingrooves, described enough fresh water is that to remedy the water yield that goes out along moist bottom overall ash emission necessary.Being adhered to the many materials of residue and the stable state gathering of compound (for example salt) can not be lowered their cohesion.Banketing and to be regenerated as aspect the construction material bottom ash quality unsatisfactory.The reason that produces this shortcoming is that this residue can not separate the part that (classification) becomes better or worse quality.Therefore, residue of combustion has not satisfied quality on the whole inevitably.

DE4423927 also discloses a kind of technology, and wherein, the residue that comes in the stove directly is delivered to the pond, does not just extinguish in advance and slightly washes.Dry and be separated into two parts at least through the bottom ashes of slightly washing.All particles less than 2mm are divided to first, and other particle divides to second portion.The method continues further second portion to be separated into two parts at least by the screening step.All particles less than 27-35mm are divided to third part.Remaining particle is divided to the 4th part.Adopt this method, can produce residue part with satisfactory quality.The shortcoming of the method is to emit the problem that air is sneaked in dust and the stove on a large scale.

Summary of the invention

The present invention considers above-mentioned various problems of the prior art and produces.

The purpose of first group of invention of the present invention provides a kind of method, wherein regulates combustion process by a kind of mode, just can obtain to have the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of requirement quality without downstream fusing or vitrifying parts.

And the purpose of second group of invention of the present invention provides a kind of method, wherein can isolate high-quality bottom ashes part, can avoid forming the problem that the air in dust and the stove is sneaked into, and can reduce water consumption.

In addition, the purpose of the 3rd group of invention of the present invention provides a kind of method, wherein regulate combustion process by a kind of mode, just can obtain to have the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of requirement quality without downstream fusing or vitrifying parts, can enough least equipment avoid forming the problem that air is sneaked in dust and the stove, and can reduce water consumption.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the method of a kind of raising by the residual performance of combustion apparatus generation is provided, and in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that:

Combustion control system moves in one way, residue of combustion on the fuel bed of main combustion zone in advance sintering and/or be fused into the bottom ashes, and the residue of fusing or sintering is not disposed to the outside at the combustion process end, and is sent back to combustion process again subsequently.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of method that the residue that is produced by combustion apparatus is handled is provided, and in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that:

Combustion control system moves in one way, make residue of combustion on the fuel bed of main combustion zone in advance sintering and/or be fused into the bottom ashes,

The whole residues that produce extinguish in the wet type tapping equipment and be taken out to the outside from the wet type tapping equipments,

The wet residue of combustion that comes from the wet type tapping equipment at first is separated into two parts suddenly by mechanical separation step, major part uses the water of extracting out from the wet type tapping equipment to clean, described major part mainly partly is made up of coarse component and large scale, therefore isolate the more thin that sticks on the residue of combustion and

The more thin that rinse water absorbs in the cleaning step process is brought into the wet type tapping equipment.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that the residue that is produced by combustion apparatus is handled is provided, and in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that:

The wet residue of combustion that comes from the wet type tapping equipment at first is separated into two parts suddenly by mechanical separation step, then, major part is carried out size reduction step, described major part mainly partly is made up of coarse component and large scale, use the water of from the wet type tapping equipment, being extracted out to clean then, therefore isolate the more thin that adheres to residue of combustion and

The more thin that rinse water is absorbed in the cleaning step process is brought into the wet type tapping equipment.

Description of drawings

Embodiment explanation below with reference to accompanying drawings is according to the method and the residue processing method of the residual performance of raising combustion apparatus generation of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to the embodiment of the method for first group of invention;

Fig. 2 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for first group of invention;

Fig. 3 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to the embodiment of the method for second group of invention;

Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for second group of invention;

Fig. 5 is the course of work block diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for second group of invention;

Fig. 6 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for second group of invention;

Fig. 7 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to the embodiment of the method for the 3rd group of invention;

Fig. 8 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for the 3rd group of invention;

Fig. 9 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for the 3rd group of invention; With

Figure 10 is the workflow diagram of explanation according to another embodiment of the method for the 3rd group of invention.

The specific embodiment

Method according to the residual performance that produced of raising combustion apparatus of first group of invention.

The purpose of first group of invention is to reach by moving combustion control system in one way, promptly on the fuel bed of main combustion zone with residue of combustion in advance sintering and/or be fused into the bottom ashes, and the residue of combustion of fusing or sintering does not discharge in the ending of combustion process as yet, and then is once returned to combustion process.

First group the invention based on thought be at first on stove, to realize combustion process by a kind of mode, on the fuel bed of main combustion zone, carry out sintering or fusing in advance, secondly as yet not the residue of combustion of sintering or fusing send back to, to such an extent as to can reach required sintering and/or melt grade under attempting the second or the 3rd.

In first group invention, the material that the term bottom ashes of sintering " fully " has been meant by sintering and/or the piece (generally having the particle size of 8mm at least) that melted is formed.These pieces are made up of the residue of combustion in the waste material, and described waste material is condensed into piece by complete or surface melting.

Because gas discharges in sintering or fusion process, the piece of sintering and/or fusing preferably has loose structure.The possible porous of bottom ashes of tight burning is due to the fact that, be that the ashes temperature that melts on the fuel bed is not enough to produce enough low viscosity, when by with the glass manufacturing in after the known process of removing to steep similar process used removes bubble, hole still keeps getting off.At abundant sintering bottom ashes and typical vitrifying bottom ashes between have difference, described typical glassization bottom ashes use infusibility to serve as a contrast crucible furnace or other fluxed parts obtains by the downstream high temperature processing method.

Waste components (for example glass or metal) is carried by the stove that in fact is not sintered process influence, at its both also sintering not of fusing on fuel bed on the stricti jurise.Yet fully the bottom ashes of sintering can comprise this glass or metal.These components have the necessary characteristic that burns up and can leach pollutant.

According to Hammerli (Mull and Abfall31, the processing supplementary issue of bottom ashes and other residue, the 142nd page, 1994), term " sintering " is interpreted as " fusing and the particular case that solidifies ".Therefore, hereinafter, through being commonly used in the common science usage scope that term " sintering " on " surface melting of particle or fusing " together meaning has exceeded it.The piece that is produced by the bottom ashes sintering of abundant sintering can melt wholly or in part.

The bottom ashes component that is not sintered and/or melts is defined as residual bottom ashes.If compare with abundant sintering bottom ashes, the feature of residual bottom ashes is low particle size, high combustible loss and the leached pollutant of high percentage.

First group of invention is conceived at sintering when on the fuel bed in main sintering zone and/or melts residue of combustion, and up to the present this still be considered to impossible.In fact, if the liquid bottom ashes arrive between other movable part of single grate or stove, be very harmful then to machinery burning grate.Because this reason has managed to avoid the bottom ashes to melt on stove, and notes making the fusing point that can not reach the bottom ashes on fuel bed.

Use first group inventive method, in top fuel bed generation sintering and/or fusion process.Its reason is that the heat radiation by the flame body produces the maximum thermal effect that adds from top, and is located immediately at material temperature on the stove and can be from the bottom adds hot-air by interpolation colder (comparatively speaking) following and keep than in the lower temperature of the top of fuel bed situation.Because not all fuel residue can both change into the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of required quality when making adjusting burning in this way, the residue of combustion that does not have the bottom ashes characteristic of abundant sintering is sent back to combustion process.

On fuel bed, finish sintering and/or fusion process and do not need the exterior source of energy of adding.The bottom ash quality that is obtained is to a great extent corresponding to the quality of product that those of ordinary skills obtain, and described product comes from well-known fusing or vitrified downstream heat pyroprocess.Parts such as Rotary drying stove, crucible furnace and melting chamber have been used.Yet the major defect of these known methods is that the optional feature and the energy consumption of very complexity is very high.First group invention has solved this problem, can produce to have and the bottom ashes that obtain with the institute perception method bottom ashes of equal in quality substantially.

According to the special preferred embodiment of sintering control system according to first group of inventive method, according to wanting burned waste material quality (refuse quality), under add hot-air and be subjected to oxygen-rich treated, make the volume content of oxygen be approximately 25-40%, be preferably volume content 25-30%.And according to other preferred embodiment, it is preheated to approximately 100-400 ℃ to add hot-air down.According to circumstances can be separately or use these measures together.The temperature of fuel bed (being generally the waste material layer) preferably is set in 1000-1400 ℃, and described temperature is the function of fuel characteristic.

Select to be used to reach all burning control measure of ideal conditions by a kind of mode, residue of combustion is converted to the bottom ashes of sintering and/or fusing under described desirable condition, thereby the bottom ashes (for example, the approximate weight of residue of combustion total amount is than 25-75%) that can have the abundant sintering of certain ratio.Adopt this method, guarantee on the fuel bed of main combustion zone, to have the ashes of sufficient not molten material, so these measures do not have negative effect to the mechanical kiln parts with the encirclement fusing.

In other preferred embodiment of the present invention, floating dust is returned to combustion process.This floating dust breaks away from fuel bed and is introduced into the downstream flue gas filter by boiler with burning gases.

Fully and the bottom ashes of tight burning after combustion system (by for example filter screen of 2-10mm particle size) eliminating, can separate in screening stage of bottom ashes.Oversize be the bottom ashes of abundant sintering, big inadequately part is sent back to.Have multiple mechanical separation method can carry out this separation process, those of ordinary skills know described separation process.

As described in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, by screening or by screening is combined and can separate with cleaning step.

Other measure that improves the bottom ash quality is certainly also arranged, and described measure is carried out and is especially had or do not have in the special cleaning step of chemical addition agent in the outside of combustion apparatus and can see.

Particle size is returned to combustion process less than the thin of 2-10mm.By thin being dosed to supplied fuel or it directly is supplied to fuel bed carries out this process.For fear of producing dust and making operation convenient more, thin is granulated or briquetting aptly before sending back to.

Processing method according to the residue of combustion that produces by combustion apparatus of second group of invention

The purpose of second group of invention reaches by following technical characterictic based on two different programs.

First program comprises a step, and the wet combustion residue that wherein comes from the wet type tapping equipment mechanically is separated into two parts.Major part mainly comprises coarse component and large scale part.This major part uses the water of extracting out from the wet type tapping equipment to clean, thereby a more tiny part that sticks on the residue of combustion is separated, and rinse water and the more thin that absorbs in cleaning step are brought in the wet type tapping equipment.

If deriving from the water of wet type tapping equipment recycles by this way, do not need to use a large amount of fresh water, can from thin, just isolate high-quality major part, otherwise these thins can stick on the residue of combustion, and the verified quality to major part of this process has a negative impact.Therefore, residue of combustion (therefrom more thin is cleaned out) has good quality, and effectively as recirculation bottom ashes (for example construction material).

Second program comprises a step, and the wet combustion residue that wherein comes from the wet type tapping equipment mechanically is separated into two parts.Major part mainly comprises coarse component and large scale part.Major part is at first pulverized, use the water of from the wet type tapping equipment, extracting out to clean then, thereby separate the more tiny part that sticks on the pulverized residue of combustion, water and the more thin that absorbs in cleaning step are brought in the wet type tapping equipment.

Second program has set the advantage that is included in any pollutant in the major part before cleaning.By this method, the pollutant that these comprised is removed in cleaning step.Another advantage is that pulverized material has bigger surface area, and this has improved cleaning efficiency.Because from the porous form of the material that major part obtained, this point is very important.When the porous that has multiple pollutant impurity or residue of combustion when the very high residue of combustion of requirement quality or major part is extremely important, use second program.Second program also is used to the major part further pulverized situation in treatment step subsequently when the bottom ashes.For example, when when determining that quality is being filtered the major part (final products) that must pulverize the bottom ashes in the test, preferably adopt second program.The major part of being pulverized and being cleaned can not be obscured with thin.As a rule, because major part has been melted or sintering, so the content of the unburned pollutant that maybe can leach is very low, thereby these performances can not change by pulverizing.Therefore, compare, have very different performances according to the pulverized major part of second program with bottom ashes thin with above-mentioned high-load pollutant.

According to an embodiment of second group of invention, the thin and the thin that produce in mechanical separation process are transferred (circulation) to combustion process.These parts stand combustion process again, thereby may make it fusing and sintering.

By these measures, avoided the shortcoming (according to described program, even contain a small amount of low-quality residue, all residue of combustions also all are admitted to recirculation) of first described prior art program.Relatively second described art methods avoided the shortcoming of dust emissions with the sealing stove.And, by sending tiny and the most tiny low-quality part back to, the thin that is returned further increased callable residue of combustion ratio, because might be agglomerated into the residue of combustion with desirable quality after returning or be repeated to send back to for the first time.Second described art methods do not have this advantage, because be not back to combustion process.

Another embodiment according to second group of first or second program of inventing, being subjected to fresh water by the prewashed major part of the water of wet type tapping equipment cleans, the escaper water that carries a large amount of relatively pollutants is discharged from, and this causes at the bottom of residue of combustion and/or sintering ashes in qualitative extra raising.Owing to clean coarse component with fresh water, its advantage is that the water that comes from certain ratio of cleaning can be delivered to exhaust gas cleaning system and do not need to clean in advance, because the ratio of the pollutant that it comprises is low relatively.And the advantage of this embodiment is that the water that comes from certain ratio of cleaning can be supplied to the wet type tapping equipment.Adopt this method can keep the water level of escaper.Because water can be used by the residue of combustion that is discharged constantly, therefore the water level at escaper reduces.In any case all need to fill it up with water level.Because come from the glassware for drinking water of cleaning insignificant calcium of quantity and sulfate are arranged, pipe and shower nozzle do not have blocked danger.

Second program according to second group of invention, even major part still comprises a high proportion of large scale part (comprising many cutting metals usually) after carrying out first separating step, the large scale coarse component further separates suddenly according to the mechanical separation step of another embodiment of the invention.Metal separates by magnetic separator.

For example, in an embodiment of second group of invention, particle size is confirmed as: be thin less than 2mm; Is thin more than or equal to 2mm less than 8mm; Is coarse component more than or equal to 8mm less than 32mm; More than or equal to 32mm is the large scale part.It is for the present invention is better understood that these values are provided.Significantly, as long as ratio can ignore, each part can comprise the more thin to itself being less important certain ratio.

Usually, particle size less than the thin (directly coming from escaper) of about 8mm since its performance be not suitable for and preferably should be returned to combustion process.In second program, produce pulverized major part, it has the particle size similar to thin, and pulverized major part has better quality, therefore can be used as construction material.

For example, in second program, if adopt the burble point of 32mm for the first coarse grain separating step, if promptly the large scale part is separated, then for all parts less than 8mm of being sent back to combustion process, recommending setting is second mechanical step of burble point with 8mm.

Another embodiment according to second group of invention, recycle in order to obtain big as far as possible part, to mix with pulverized residue of combustion from the isolated coarse component of major part is reasonably, and described pulverized residue of combustion is that large scale is partly produced by size reduction step (with pulverizer, rock-boring device etc.).In this case, suggestion is carried out machinery to first mixing portion and is separated to remove the particle with the particle size of being not suitable for, because produce the particle size that is unsuitable for recycling in size reduction process, described particle size will be returned to combustion process.

If residue of combustion will be made into to be applied to especially the construction applications of the ground of road construction, then material must be compacted.In fact this can not reach not have thin (for example have above-mentioned more than or equal to 2mm less than the particle size of 8mm).For this reason, the part of suggestion coarse component should be carried out size reduction step, thereby guarantees to exist necessary thin wittingly.Therefore, have no chance to see that the ratio of this particle size is enough.Aptly, the coarse component of about 30% weight carries out this size reduction step.Produce tiny and thin mix with coarse component to make second mixing portion.Preferably, 70% weight that is used for the mixing portion of road construction is made up of coarse component.

In this second mixing portion, main particle size is greater than 8mm, and experience shows that these components have the necessary quality of recirculation.Yet in order to ensure the above-mentioned density of residue to road construction, what have low ratio is necessary more than or equal to 2mm and less than the particle of 8mm particle size.

According to another embodiment of second group of invention, second mixing portion cleans with the water in the wet type tapping equipment, and first mixing portion is separated.In this case, the part below the 2mm particle size can be separated with callable residue reliably, and described part under the 2mm particle size is often carried the pollutant load of especially severe.

As above described in the other guide, rinse water can preferably be delivered to the wet type tapping equipment.Send water in this way back to, can reduce the consumption of fresh water as far as possible.

Advise that separated metal carries out cleaning step with the water of escaper, so that any residue of combustion that adheres to is all washed off.Preferably, adopt the screening step mechanically to separate these parts.

For the quality of the residue of combustion that increases recovery, it is very useful the precipitating reagent of solvable heavy metal being added in the water of escaper.Therefore, these heavy metals can separate by the interpolation of precipitating reagent.

According to the processing method of the 3rd group of invention by the residue of combustion of combustion apparatus generation

Above-mentioned purpose reaches by the method based on the 3rd group of two diverse ways invention hereinafter described.

According to the present invention, first method of these methods comprises: move combustion control system by a kind of mode, residue of combustion is sintered on the fuel bed of main combustion zone in advance and/or be fused into the bottom ashes; In the wet type tapping equipment, extinguish the residue of combustion of whole generations, and subsequently they are extracted out from escaper; At first suddenly the wet residue of combustion that comes from the wet type tapping equipment is separated into two parts by mechanical separation step; Use the water of extracting out from the wet type tapping equipment to clean major part subsequently, described major part mainly comprises coarse component and large scale part, and then isolates the more tiny part that sticks on the residue of combustion; Be delivered to the wet type tapping equipment with the more thin that rinse water is obtained in the cleaning step process.

When can suppose the major part that can recycle contain can ignore ratio can eccysis pollutant the time (for example salt or heavy metal), first method is useful.

The 3rd group of invention mainly has two technical characterictics.First technical characterictic comprises combustion control system, and second technical characterictic comprises the mechanical treatment of the residue that combustion process produces.In these features, second technical characterictic comprises two diverse ways based on propellant composition.

The mechanical treatment aspect that the burning that first technical characterictic is comprised is controlled at residue all is common to two methods, and be based on the combustion process on the stove, described process is carried out by a kind of mode, make sintering or fusing take place on stove in the main combustion zone, and send as yet the not residue of combustion of sintering or fusing back to, therefore second or third round in can reach needed sintering and/or fusing level.

The material that the term bottom ashes of sintering " fully " has been meant by sintering and/or the piece (generally having the particle size of 8mm at least) that melted is formed.These pieces are made up of the residue of combustion in the waste material, and described waste material is condensed into piece by complete or surface melting.

According to document (aforementioned Hammerli), term " sintering " is interpreted as " fusing and the particular case that solidifies ".Therefore, hereinafter, through being commonly used in the common science usage scope that term " sintering " on " surface melting of particle or fusing " together meaning has exceeded it.The piece that is produced by the bottom ashes sintering of abundant sintering can melt wholly or in part.

The present invention is conceived at sintering when on the fuel bed in main sintering zone and/or fusing residue of combustion, and up to the present this still be considered to impossible.In fact, if the liquid bottom ashes arrive between other movable part of single grate or stove, be very harmful then to machinery burning grate.Because this reason has managed to avoid the bottom ashes to melt on stove, and notes making the fusing point that can not reach the bottom ashes on fuel bed.

Use the 3rd group inventive method, in top fuel bed generation sintering and/or fusion process.Its reason is that the heat radiation by the flame body produces the maximum thermal effect that adds from top, and is located immediately at material temperature on the stove and can be from the bottom adds hot-air by interpolation colder (comparatively speaking) following and keep than in the lower temperature of the top of fuel bed situation.Because not all fuel residue can both change into the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of required quality when making adjusting burning in this way, the residue of combustion that does not have the bottom ashes characteristic of abundant sintering is sent back to combustion process.

In above-mentioned first method about mechanical treatment, if the water from the wet type tapping equipment is recycled, from thin, separate high-quality major part, needn't use a large amount of fresh water, thin otherwise can adhere on the residue of combustion, the verified quality to major part of this process has a negative impact.Therefore, residue of combustion (therefrom more thin is cleaned out) has good quality, and effectively as recirculation bottom ashes.

Be fit to handle in second method of the residue of combustion that comprises many pollutants, described pollutant (for example, salt or heavy metal) can be cleaned out, move combustion control system by a kind of mode and achieve the goal, wherein residue of combustion is sintered and/or is fused into the bottom ashes in advance on the fuel bed of main combustion zone; In the wet type tapping equipment, extinguish the residue of combustion that is all produced, and subsequently they are extracted out from escaper; (major part mainly comprises coarse component and large scale part at first suddenly the wet residue of combustion from the wet type tapping equipment to be separated into two parts by mechanical separation step, it uses the water of extracting out from the wet type tapping equipment to clean described major part through size reduction step then); Be delivered to the wet type tapping equipment with the more thin that rinse water is obtained in the cleaning step process.Owing to pulverize major part, the pollutant that obtains in the bigger particle of residue of combustion can be by eccysis in cleaning step subsequently, thereby separates with the major part that can recycle.Adopt this method,, can reclaim a high proportion of residue, need not carry out eccysis on a large scale to pollutant subsequently as recycling bottom ashes though these residues comprise many pollutants.

Also be in above-mentioned second method, before mechanical treatment, carry out the burning control that comprises in the present invention's first technical characterictic.

According to particularly preferred embodiment according to the sintering control system of the inventive method, according to wanting burned waste material quality (refuse quality), under add hot-air and be subjected to oxygen-rich treated, make the volume content of oxygen be approximately 25-40%, be preferably volume content 25-30%.And according to other preferred embodiment, it is preheated to approximately 100-400 ℃ to add hot-air down.According to circumstances can be separately or use these measures together.The temperature of fuel bed (being generally the waste material layer) preferably is set in 1000-1400 ℃, and described temperature is the function of fuel characteristic.

As described below the carrying out of second feature (mechanical treatment that promptly comprises the residue of combustion of two kinds of methods) of the 3rd group of invention.

According to an embodiment of the 3rd group of invention, the most tiny part and the thin that produce in mechanical separation process are transported to combustion process.These parts stand combustion process again, thereby make them can melt and sintering.

By these measures, avoided the shortcoming (according to described program, even contain a small amount of low-quality residue, all residue of combustions also all are admitted to recirculation) of first described prior art program.Relatively second described art methods avoided the shortcoming of dust emissions with sealing stove (air is sneaked into).And, by sending tiny and the most tiny low-quality part back to, the thin that is returned further increased callable residue of combustion ratio, because might be agglomerated into the residue of combustion with desirable quality after returning or be repeated to send back to for the first time.Second described art methods do not have this advantage, because be not back to combustion process.

Another embodiment according to the 3rd group of invention, being subjected to fresh water by the prewashed major part of the water of wet type tapping equipment cleans, the escaper water that carries a large amount of relatively pollutants is discharged from, and this causes at the bottom of residue of combustion and/or sintering ashes in qualitative extra raising.Owing to clean coarse component with fresh water, its advantage is that the water that comes from certain ratio of cleaning can be delivered to exhaust gas cleaning system and do not need to clean in advance, because the ratio of the pollutant that it comprises is low relatively.And the advantage of this embodiment is that the water that comes from certain ratio of cleaning can be supplied to the wet type tapping equipment.Adopt this method can keep the water level of escaper.Because water can be used by the residue of combustion that is discharged constantly, therefore the water level at escaper reduces.In any case all need to fill it up with water level.Because come from the glassware for drinking water of cleaning insignificant calcium of quantity and sulfate are arranged, pipe and shower nozzle do not have blocked danger.

Second method of mechanical treatment according to the present invention, even major part still comprises a high proportion of large scale part (comprising many cutting metals usually) after carrying out first separating step, the large scale coarse component further separates suddenly according to the mechanical separation step of another embodiment of the invention.Metal separates by magnetic separator.

For example, in an embodiment of the 3rd group of invention, particle size is confirmed as: be thin less than 2mm; Is thin more than or equal to 2mm less than 8mm; Is coarse component more than or equal to 8mm less than 32mm; More than or equal to 32mm is the large scale part.It is for the present invention is better understood that these values are provided.Significantly, as long as ratio can ignore, each part can comprise the more thin to itself being less important certain ratio.Directly come from escaper and have more than or equal to 2mm and be a part of preferably being sent back to the residue of combustion of combustion process less than the thin of 8mm particle size.On the other hand, the particle size of the thin that comprises is corresponding to the particle size of the thin of directly supplying from escaper in the particle size distribution of bottom ashes, described thin particle size obtains according to the second method pulverizing program, and the quality of this thin is fit to recirculation.Therefore, the thin of the bottom ashes of pulverizing is called as the high-quality thin.

For example, in second method, if adopt the burble point of 32mm for the first coarse grain separating step, if promptly the large scale part is separated, then for all parts less than 8mm of being sent back to combustion process, recommending setting is second mechanical step of burble point with 8mm.

Metal is isolated in suggestion from major part, damaged by large stretch of cutting metal to prevent mechanical separation equipment.

Not only large stretch of cutting metal but also other metal be separation from the major part that contains small size part (promptly less than 32mm coarse component) also.Such metal partly can be used in the process recycling of separation.

The program and the type of the recirculation that utilizes based on the residue of combustion that produces can separate with the large scale part metal and remove with coarse component.

For example, if residue of combustion will be used to road construction, then suggestion is removed after the metal part branch of size greater than 32mm, should further carry out size reduction step, and described part greater than 32mm is not suitable for this purpose.

Another embodiment according to the 3rd group of invention, in second method, recycle in order to obtain big as far as possible part, to mix formation first mixing portion with pulverized residue of combustion from the isolated coarse component of major part is that reasonably described pulverized residue of combustion is that large scale is partly produced by size reduction step.In this case, suggestion is carried out machinery to first mixing portion and is separated to remove the particle with the particle size of being not suitable for, because described particle size is unsuitable for recycling, will be returned to combustion process.

According to another embodiment of the 3rd group of invention, second mixing portion cleans with the water in the wet type tapping equipment, and first mixing portion is separated.In this case, the part below the 2mm particle size can be separated with callable residue reliably, and described part under the 2mm particle size is often carried the pollutant load of especially severe.

Further explain embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings according to first to the 3rd group.The concrete value of using below (quantity) (for example weight and ratio) is to explain the representative value of embodiment, and the present invention should not be subjected to the restriction of these values (quantity).

Fig. 1 and 2 is two workflow diagrams that typically illustrate according to the method for first group of invention; Illustrate in greater detail first group of invention with reference to these figure below.

In the method shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the waste material (being square frame 100 in the drawings) that 1000kg has 220kg ashes content is provided to substance combustion system and burning, and the residue of combustion of the 25-75% weight ratio of generation is converted to the bottom ashes of abundant sintering (square frame 102).Obtaining total amount is the residue of combustion of 300kg.These residues fall into wet type tapping equipment (square frame 104), and they are extinguished discharging (square frame 106) then at there.By separation process (square frame 108), it comprises screening and possible cleaning step, and the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of 200kg separated (square frame 110) also take out to recycle (square frame 112).The also unsintered residue of combustion (square frame 114) of 100kg is returned to combustion process.The floating dust that leaves with waste gas has the weight of 20kg and reclaim (square frame 116) in waste gas filter, and cleans (square frame 118) by boiler tube.The floating dust that is recovered is transported to separating treatment passage (square frame 120).

In method as shown in Figure 2, the residue of combustion of 310kg falls into the wet type tapping equipment, and the floating dust of 10kg is returned to combustion process.Method shown in Figure 2 in other respects is identical with method shown in Figure 1.Therefore, identical Reference numeral be applied to Fig. 1 in identical square frame.

Secondly, the workflow diagram with reference to Fig. 3-6 illustrates the method embodiment of inventing according to second group.

As shown in Figure 3, the 1000kg refuse with 220kg ashes content (square frame 300) is supplied to furnace foundation system (square frame 302) and burning.This combustion process produces the waste gas (square frame 301) of 800kg and the residue of combustion of 300kg.These residues are transported to wet type tapping equipment (square frame 304), and from there, through moisture, the residue of combustion of 315kg or bottom ashes (square frame 306) are removed.The residue that is removed separates through machinery, in this case, is sized to the particle size (square frame 308) of 8mm.This process is separated into particle size to the residue of combustion of 215kg or bottom ashes greater than the major part (square frame 310) of 8mm with have thin and the thin (square frame 312) of particle size less than about 100kg of 8mm.Have greater than the bottom ashes of the particle size of 8mm and handle (square frame 314) through humidity, described bottom ashes partly are made up of coarse component and large scale.In this process, 1000 liters the water of extracting out from the wet type tapping equipment is used for cleaning the bottom ashes, therefore flushes out the tiny component of 15kg particle size less than 8mm.In fact, the bottom ashes clean on screen cloth, and described screen cloth makes 8mm or littler part pass through.The water that has been used to clean the bottom ashes is returned to the wet type tapping equipment with thin and thin.The bottom ashes that cleaned are removed to be used for process recycling (for example road construction) (square frame 316).Usually also return to the furnace foundation system to carry out further sintering by the thin that sieves the about 100kg that is removed.Yet thin also can be used for other process (square frame 318).Add 40 liters supplementing water or fresh water to replenish water loss in the wet type tapping equipment, because when residue of combustion takes out, naturally water is taken away with them from the wet type tapping equipment.

Said process can be revised as shown in Figure 4.In the embodiment of this modification, particle size is carried out the humidity processing greater than the major part of 8mm after, clean with fresh water.Particularly, to carry out wet process and bring next component in order to remove with the water in the wet type tapping equipment, 80 liters fresh water (square frame 320) is added into the major part (square frame 322) of 200kg.The purification or other processing that are used for waste gas need sponge 40 liters rinse water, and other 40 liters water is returned to the wet type tapping equipment, by way of compensation the supplementing water of water loss.The bottom ashes of Qing Xiing are introduced into other process recycling in this way.

Fig. 5 has illustrated another embodiment according to the process of second group of invention.In the embodiment of this modification, the waste material with 1000kg of 220kg ashes content (square frame 500) is transported to furnace foundation system (square frame 502).This combustion process produces the waste gas (square frame 504) of 800kg and the residue of combustion of 320kg.Residue of combustion is transported to wet type tapping equipment (square frame 506).From the wet type tapping equipment, take out the residue of combustion of 336kg.Increase on weight is owing to the fine particle from the bottom ashes, promptly is included in the fine particle in the bottom ashes rinse water that is back to the wet type tapping equipment.Water to the wet type tapping equipment that adds 40 liters loses with supplementing water.Bottom ashes or the residue of combustion of 336kg are transported to filter, and described filter allows to have pass through (square frame 508) that particle size is 32mm.Particle size is transported to apparatus for separating metals (square frame 510) at first greater than the large scale part of 32mm.The bottom ashes of isolating metal are transported to grinder, and described grinder produces the bottom ashes (square frame 512) that particle size is approximately 8mm.The bottom ashes of pulverizing are transported to another filter, and described filter allows to have the part of particle size 8mm by (square frame 514).Particle size is removed by mechanical separation process less than 100kg bottom ashes or the residue of combustion of 8mm, and preferably is back to the furnace foundation system.The bottom treated or further processing of ashes (square frame 515).Remaining more coarse residue is delivered to apparatus for separating metals (square frame 516).Collection is by apparatus for separating metals metal component of removing and the metal component that is separated by above-mentioned metal separation step and carry out the humidity processing.Handle by humidity, the bottom ash particles that adheres to metal component is by flush away (square frame 518).Therefore, obtain iron that is used for process recycling and the nonferrous metal (square frame 520) of 20kg.Bottom ashes that metal has been removed or coarse component (particle size: 8-32mm) (square frame 522) heavy 215kg.The coarse component of 60kg is transported to grinder (square frame 524) and is decreased to particle size greater than 2mm.After the pulverizing, the part of pulverizing is mixed with the not pulverizing coarse component of 155kg, and mixture handles through humidity with filter, and described filter allows to have the part of particle size 2mm by (square frame 526).The needed 1000 liters rinse water of moist processing is supplied by the wet type tapping equipment.The moist processing produces the 155kg particle size from the particle size of the bottom ashes of 8mm to 32mm and the 45kg thin from 2 to 8mm.These two kinds of parts are used for process recycling, promptly are used for construction material or road subbase course (piece 528).On the other hand, particle size is returned to the wet type tapping equipment less than the thin of 2mm, and described thin is handled by humidity and removed.

The workflow diagram of Fig. 6 has illustrated the basic modification of embodiment shown in Figure 3, and it has used the precipitating reagent of solvable heavy metal.For the lead content in the escaper water is reduced to 0.05mg/L (square frame 326) from common 2mg/L level, precipitating reagent is injected to the wet type tapping equipment.This precipitating reagent has reduced lead, and described lead dissolves 1mg in about 20 liters bottom ashes water of the bottom ashes humidity that makes 200kg.The lead of 400g sucks burning and handles in the waste gas of (square frame 302) generation.In using the mechanical separation process of screen cloth, the part that described screen cloth allows to have particle size 8mm is by (square frame 308), and in 400g lead, the lead of 200g is delivered in the bottom ashes (square frame 310) of the 200kg in the process recycling after remaining on and cleaning.On the other hand, the lead of 200g returns to furnace foundation system (square frame 302) with particle size less than the thin (square frame 312) of 8mm.

In addition, with reference to the embodiment of Fig. 7-10 detailed description according to the 3rd group of inventive method.

As shown in Figure 7, (square frame 700) the 1000kg waste material with 220kg ashes content is provided to furnace foundation system (square frame 702) and burns by a kind of mode, and the residue of combustion that is produced of 25-75% weight changes into the bottom ashes of abundant sintering.Burning produces the waste gas (square frame 704) of 800kg and the residue of combustion of 300kg.The defeated wet type tapping equipment (square frame 706) that is sent to of residue is considered humidity, and the residue of combustion of 315kg or bottom ashes (square frame 708) are taken out from the wet type tapping equipment.In this case, the residue that is removed separates and is sized to the particle size (square frame 710) of 8mm through machinery.This process is separated into particle size to the residue of combustion of 215kg or bottom ashes greater than the major part (square frame 712) of 8mm and particle size thin and the thin (square frame 714) less than about 100kg of 8mm.Particle size is carried out humidity processing (square frame 716) greater than the bottom ashes of 8mm, and described bottom ashes partly are made up of coarse component and large scale.In this process, 1000 liters water is extracted out from the wet type tapping equipment, is used for cleaning the bottom ashes, thereby flushes out the tiny component of 15kg particle size less than 8mm.In fact, the bottom ashes clean by filter, and described screen cloth can make 8mm or littler part pass through.The water that has been used to clean the bottom ashes is returned to the wet type tapping equipment with thin and thin.The bottom ashes that cleaned are removed to be used for process recycling (for example road construction) (square frame 718).Usually also returned to the furnace foundation system to be used for further sintering by the thin that sieves the about 100kg that is removed.Yet thin also can be used for other process (square frame 720).Add 40 liters supplementing water or fresh water to replenish water loss in the wet type tapping equipment, because when residue of combustion is taken out, naturally water is taken away with them from the wet type tapping equipment.

Said process can be revised as shown in Figure 8.In the embodiment of this modification, particle size is cleaned (square frame 724) with fresh water (square frame 722) greater than the major part of 8mm after humidity is handled.Particularly, in order to remove the component that is inhaled into, described component derives from the torrent wet process with the wet type tapping equipment, and 80 liters fresh water is added into the major part of 200kg.The purification (square frame 726) or other processing that are used for waste gas need to absorb 40 liters rinse water, and other 40 liters water is returned to the wet type tapping equipment, by way of compensation the supplementing water of water loss.Bottom ashes in this way can be introduced into other process recycling.

Fig. 9 explanation is according to another embodiment of the 3rd group of invention process.In this embodiment, the waste material with 1000kg of 220kg ashes content (square frame 900) is transported to furnace foundation system (square frame 902).This combustion process produces the waste gas (square frame 904) of 800kg and the residue of combustion of 320kg.Residue of combustion is transported to wet type tapping equipment (square frame 906).From the wet type tapping equipment, take out the residue of combustion of 336kg.Increase on weight is owing to be back to the fine particle that comprises in the bottom ashes rinse water of wet type tapping equipment.Water to the wet type tapping equipment that adds 40 liters loses with supplementing water.Bottom ashes or the residue of combustion of 336kg are transported to filter, and the part that described filter permission particle size is 32mm is by (square frame 908).Particle size is transported to apparatus for separating metals (square frame 910) at first greater than the large scale part of 32mm.The bottom ashes of isolating metal are transported to grinder, and described grinder produces the bottom ashes (square frame 912) that particle size is approximately 8mm.The bottom ashes of pulverizing are delivered to another filter, and the part that described filter permission particle size is 8mm is by (square frame 914).The particle size of 100kg is removed by mechanical separation process less than bottom ashes or the residue of combustion of 8mm, and preferably is back to the furnace foundation system.(square frame 915) handled or further handled to the bottom ashes.Remaining more coarse residue is delivered to apparatus for separating metals (square frame 916).Collection is by apparatus for separating metals metal component of removing and the metal component that is separated by above-mentioned metal separation step and carry out the humidity processing.By this moist handle (square frame 918).Handle by humidity, the bottom ash particles that adheres to metal component is by flush away.Therefore, obtain iron that is used for process recycling and the nonferrous metal (square frame 920) of 20kg.Metal is removed the bottom ashes or the coarse component (particle size: 8-32mm) heavy 215kg of (square frame 922).The coarse component of 60kg is transported to grinder (square frame 924) and is decreased to particle size greater than 2mm.After the pulverizing, the part of pulverizing is mixed with the not pulverizing coarse component of 155kg, and mixture carries out humidity with filter and handle, and described filter allows to have the part of particle size 2mm by (square frame 926).The required 1000 liters rinse water of moist processing is supplied by the wet type tapping equipment.The moist particle size that produces 155kg handled is from the particle size of the bottom ashes of 8mm to 32mm and the 45kg thin from 2 to 8mm.These two kinds of parts are used for process recycling (square frame 928).On the other hand, particle size is returned to the wet type tapping equipment less than the thin of 2mm, and described thin is handled by humidity and removed.

The basic modification of the embodiment that the workflow diagram explanation of Figure 10 is shown in Figure 7, it uses the precipitating reagent of solvable heavy metal.For the lead content in the escaper water is reduced to 0.05mg/L (square frame 726) from common 2mg/L level, precipitating reagent is injected to the wet type tapping equipment.This precipitating reagent has reduced lead, and described lead dissolves 1mg in about 20 liters bottom ashes water of the bottom ashes humidity that makes 200kg.The lead of 400g is inhaled into burning and handles in the waste gas of (square frame 702) generation.In using the mechanical separation process of screen cloth, the part that described screen cloth permission particle size is 8mm is by (square frame 710), and in 400g lead, the lead of 200g is delivered in the bottom ashes (square frame 712) of the 200kg in the process recycling after remaining on and cleaning.On the other hand, the lead of 200g is returned to furnace foundation system (square frame 706) with particle size less than the thin (square frame 714) of 8mm.

As mentioned above, first group of invention provides a kind of method according to the present invention, uses described method, without downstream fusing or vitrifying parts, can obtain to have the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of required quality.

Second group of invention also provides a kind of method according to the present invention, uses described method, can isolate high-quality bottom ashes part, the shortcoming that can avoid dust emissions and furnace air to sneak into, and can reduce water consumption.

In addition, according to the 3rd group of invention of the present invention, a kind of method is provided, use described method, can regulate combustion process in one way, can obtain the bottom ashes of the abundant sintering of required quality without downstream fusing or vitrifying parts, the shortcoming that can avoid dust emissions and furnace air to sneak into, and can reduce water consumption.

Though with reference to embodiment the present invention has been described, invention is not limited in the embodiment.The all modifications that the one skilled in the art does, variation and interpolation all should be contained within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. the method for the residual performance that produces by combustion apparatus of a raising, in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that:

2. method that the residue that is produced by combustion apparatus is handled, in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that:

3. method that the residue that is produced by combustion apparatus is handled, in described combustion apparatus, fuel burns on the burning fire grate, and the temperature of the residue of combustion that is produced increases under suitable burning control, it is characterized in that: