CN1245186C - 治疗急慢性咽炎的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种治疗急慢性咽炎的中药及其制备方法，本发明方中重用马勃为君药，取其轻而上行，清肺解毒利咽。配以菊花疏风，清热解毒，玄参，滋阴润燥，清浮游之火；木蝴蝶润肺利咽共为臣药，辅助君药。桔梗开宣肺气、祛痰排脓，牡丹皮凉血消肿，乌梅敛液生津，冰片清热解毒，消肿止痛，四味药共为佐药助君臣药。薄荷性锐而轻清，祛除诸热之风邪，引药力至病所而奏速效，因此取其为佐使药。本发明经过医院临床验证，急性咽炎愈显率为：68%，总有效率为91%；慢性咽炎愈显率为：55.5%，总有效率为83.2%。
Description
所属领域：本发明涉及一种治疗急慢性咽炎的中药及其制备方法。
背景技术：咽喉肿痛，一般发病比较急骤，《外科正宗》云：“咽喉为呼吸之门，饮食、声音吐纳之道，此关系一身，害人迅速，故曰，走马看咽喉。”其病多为火毒内蕴或素质阴虚，肺胃热盛，偶感风热，上攻咽喉，则发为肿痛干燥，咽痒声嘶。《证治准绳》咽喉论中说：“喉纳气，咽纳食，纳气者从全化，纳食者以火化……在喉谓之痹……在咽谓之肿，痹肿之病虽少异，然一时火郁于上焦，致痰诞气血聚结于咽喉也。”《济生方》又云：“热毒之气不得宣泄，咽喉为之病焉。”治之之法，总以清热解毒、养阴利咽为其常法。咽炎属中医的“喉痹”范畴，中医认为，其发病一般比较急骤，皆由风热毒邪上壅、阴虚津亏所致。究其病因，或因气候异常，冷热不当，风热之邪外受，郁久化热，或因摄养乖违，喜饵丹石，多食炙，烟酒过度，致胸膈壅滞，热毒之气不得宣泄。《济生方》：“热毒之气不得泄，咽喉为之病焉。”风热犯表，热郁肌腠，卫表失和，故见发热，微恶风，汗出不畅，风热上扰则头胀痛；风热之邪熏蒸清道，故咽喉肿痛，吞咽不利，风热上扰，津液被耗则咽燥口渴等。
发明内容：本发明的目的是提供一种具有活性功能，清肺利咽，消肿止痛的治疗急慢性咽炎的中药。本发明另一目的是提供一种有效提炼并制备治疗急慢性咽炎的中药的方法，本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的：本发明该中药是由以下重量配比的原料制成的：马勃280-320g、菊花280-320g、玄参280-320g、木蝴蝶220-260g、桔梗220-260g、牡丹皮220-260g、乌梅220-260g、冰片7-9g、薄荷脑5-7g。本发明方中重用马勃为君药，取其轻而上行，清肺解毒利咽。配以菊花疏风，清热解毒，玄参，滋阴润燥，清浮游之火，木蝴蝶润肺利咽共为臣药，辅助君药。桔梗开宣肺气、祛痰排脓，牡丹皮凉血消肿，乌梅敛液生津，冰片清热解毒，消肿止痛，四味药共为佐药助君臣药。薄荷性锐而轻清，祛除诸热之风邪，引药力至病所而奏速效，因此取其为佐使药。诸药相伍，共为清肺利咽，消肿止痛。咽喉肿痛，一般发病比较急骤，《外科正宗》云：“咽喉为呼吸之门，饮食、声音吐纳之道，此关系一身，害人迅速，故曰，走马看咽喉。”其病多为火毒内蕴或素质阴虚，肺胃热盛，偶感风热，上攻咽喉，则发为肿痛干燥，咽痒声嘶。《证治准绳》咽喉论中说：“喉纳气，咽纳食，纳气者从全化，纳食者以火化……在喉谓之痹……在咽谓之肿，痹肿之病虽少异，然一时火郁于上焦，致痰诞气血聚结于咽喉也。”《济生方》又云：“热毒之气不得宣泄，咽喉为之病焉。”治之之法，总以清肺利咽、消肿止痛为其常法。故本品方中重用马勃为君药，取其轻而上行，清肺解毒利咽。配以菊花疏风，清热解毒，玄参，滋阴润燥，清浮游之火，木蝴蝶润肺利咽共为臣药，辅助君药。桔梗开宣肺气、祛痰排脓，牡丹皮凉血消肿，乌梅敛液生津，冰片清热解毒，消肿止痛，四味药共为佐药助君臣药。薄荷性锐而轻清，祛除诸热之风邪，引药力至病所而奏速效，因此取其为佐使药。诸药相伍，共为清肺利咽，消肿止痛。
马勃为方中的君药，取其辛平轻清，专入肺经，清肺解毒、利咽、主治咽喉肿痛、咳嗽失音、吐血衄血、诸疮不敛。在现代药理研究中主要为抗菌、止血、抗肿瘤作用。
菊花为臣药，味甘苦、清香气散、主清肺火、为去风要药、苦可泄热、甘可解毒。故有疏散风热，清肝明目、平肝潜阳之功效。凡风热或肝风上攻及肝阳上亢所致诸症均可应用。
玄参味甘、苦、成、性微寒，归肺、胃、肾经，具清热凉血、滋阴降火、解毒散结之功效。主治温热病，热入营血，身热，烦渴，舌绛，发斑，咽喉肿痛，瘰疬痰核。
木蝴蝶味苦性寒，能润肺利咽，利肺气，止咽喉疼痛，主治肺热咳嗽。咽痛喉痹，声音嘶哑，肝胃气痛。
桔梗，味苦、辛，性平。归肺、胃经，用于宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓功能。主治咳嗽痰多、咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、胸满胁痛、痢疾腹痛。
牡丹皮，味苦，辛。性微寒。归心、肝、肾经，清热凉血，活血散瘀，主治温热病，热入血分，发斑、吐衄，风湿热痹。
乌梅味酸、性平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。具有敛肺止咳，涩肠止泻，生津、止血、安蛔、治疮。主治久咳不止、久泻久痢、尿血便血、崩漏，虚热烦渴之功效。
冰片味辛、苦，性凉。入心，肺经。开窍醒神，散热止痛，明目去翳。主治中风口噤，热病神昏，惊痫痰迷，气闭耳聋，目龙翳膜，喉痹、口疮、痈肿、痔疮、蛲虫病。
薄荷味辛性凉。归肺、肝经。散风热，清头目，利咽喉，透疹解郁。主治风热表症，头痛目赤，咽喉肿痛，麻疹不透，隐疹瘙痒，肝郁胁痛。本发明经过医院临床验证，急性咽炎愈显率为：68％，总有效率为91％；慢性咽炎愈显率为：55.5％，总有效率为83.2％。
本发明所述的方法为：A：将马勃、玄参、桔梗、丹皮、乌梅、等五味药加水煎煮二次，第一次加8-10倍量水，煎煮1.5-3小时，第二次加6-8倍量水，煎煮1-2小时，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.06～1.10(80℃测)的清膏备用；B：将菊花、木蝴蝶二味药加水煎煮二次，每次0.5-1.5小时，加水量分别为7-10倍、5-8倍量，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.06～1.10(80℃测)的清膏，与上述清膏合并，混匀，缓缓加入乙醇，使含醇量达65％，放置24小时，滤过，滤液备用；C：滤渣用65％乙醇洗涤二次，合并滤液和洗液，回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.30-1.34(80℃测)的浸膏，低温干燥，粉碎，与辅料混匀；D：将冰片、薄荷脑用少量乙醇溶解，加入，混匀，制成中药制剂，即得。马勃、玄参、牡丹皮、桔梗、乌梅等五味，主要含有甙类、黄酮、氨基酸、糖类等，这些成份均溶于水和乙醇，考虑工业化生产以及生产成本的问题，选用廉价的水作为提取溶剂，又选用65％乙醇进行醇沉，这样即保留了有效成分，又可除去部分杂质。
牡丹皮还含有酚类成分，具有挥发性，中国药典现版规定含丹皮酚(C9H10O3)，不低于1.20％。房杏春等用直接蒸发—高分辨气相色谱法分析了6个不同产地的牡丹皮中丹皮酚的含量，又用HTLC法对7个不同产地的牡丹皮中丹皮酚进行了测定；段玲等用毛细管气相色谱法亦作了类似的报道[4]。结果各地牡丹皮中丹皮酚含量差异较大，以安徽铜陵及云南产者丹皮酚含量较高。丹皮酚具有抗炎作用[5]，但实验证明丹皮水煎剂对角叉菜胶性浮肿、佐剂性关节炎及Arthus反应等所致多种炎症反应具有抑制作用；实验证明牡丹皮煎剂对枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌、葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、肺炎球菌、霍乱弧菌等均有较强的抗菌作用。
根据上述文献报道以及考虑单独提取丹皮酚工艺复杂，成本高，可增加消费者负担，因而牡丹皮采取与其它几味药材群煎工艺。
针对方中马勃等五味药的煎煮工艺，本发明以生药材提取干膏量为实验优选指标，经分析认为煎煮时间，煎煮次数及加水量这三个因素是影响煎煮的主要因素，故以此为三因素，参考传统煎煮工艺，选取三个不同水平进行正交试验。
处方中菊花、木蝴蝶，质地轻，不宜久煎，故将此二味药材合煎。因含有黄酮、绿原酸、嘌呤类等，这些成分溶于水和乙醇，又根据菊花、木蝴蝶抗病原微生物作用、抗炎作用均系水煎剂的报导，而对挥发油的抗炎、抗菌作用未查到其报导。考虑挥发油含量少，提取工艺复杂，故未提取。采用水煎煮工艺，65％乙醇溶液进行醇沉，既保留了有效成分又可除去部分杂质，便于制剂。针对方中木蝴蝶和菊花二味药煎煮工艺、实验指标及正交试验设计同上。
具体实施方式：
本发明为一种治疗急慢性咽炎的中药及其制备方法，治疗急慢性咽炎中药的原料组分重量配比是：马勃280-320g、菊花280-320g、玄参280-320g、木蝴蝶220-260g、桔梗220-260g、牡丹皮220-260g、乌梅220-260g、冰片7-9g、薄荷脑5-7g。本实施例中，本发明的具体组分为：马勃300g、菊花285g、玄参280g、木蝴蝶220g、桔梗225g、牡丹皮230g、乌梅220g、冰片7g、薄荷脑5g。
治疗急慢性咽炎的中药的制备方法为：A：将马勃、玄参、桔梗、丹皮、乌梅、五味药加水煎煮二次，第一次加8-10倍量水，煎煮1.5-3小时，第二次加6-8倍量水，煎煮1-2小时，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至80℃相对密度为.1.06～1.10的清膏备用；B：将菊花、木蝴蝶二味药加水煎煮二次，每次0.5-1.5小时，加水量分别为7-10倍、5-8倍量，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至80℃相对密度为1.06～1.10的清膏，与上述清膏合并，混匀，缓缓加入乙醇，使含醇量达65％，放置24小时，滤过，滤液备用；C：滤渣用65％乙醇洗涤二次，合并滤液和洗液，回收乙醇并浓缩至80℃相对密度为1.30-1.34的浸膏，低温干燥，粉碎，与辅料混匀；D：将冰片、薄荷脑用少量乙醇溶解，加入，混匀，制成中药制剂，即得。治疗急慢性咽炎的中药的其制备方法为：A：将马勃、玄参、桔梗、丹皮、乌梅、等五味药加水煎煮二次，第一次加8-10倍量水，煎煮1.5-3小时，第二次加6-8倍量水，煎煮1-2小时，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.06～1.10(80℃测)的清膏备用；B：将菊花、木蝴蝶二味药加水煎煮二次，每次0.5-1.5小时，加水量分别为7-10倍、5-8倍量，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至相对密度为1.06～1.10(80℃测)的清膏，与上述清膏合并，混匀，缓缓加入乙醇，使含醇量达65％，放置24小时，滤过，滤液备用；C：滤渣用65％乙醇洗涤二次，合并滤液和洗液，回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.30-1.34(80℃测)的浸膏，低温干燥，粉碎，与辅料混匀，D：将冰片、薄荷脑用少量乙醇溶解，加入，混匀，制成中药制剂，即得。
Claims (2)
1、一种治疗急慢性咽炎的中药，其特征是：该中药是由以下重量配比的原料制成的：马 勃280-320g、菊 花280-320g、玄 参280-320g、木蝴蝶220-260g、桔 梗220-260g、牡丹皮220-260g、乌 梅220-260g、冰 片7-9g、薄荷脑5-7g。
2、如权利要求1所述的一种治疗急慢性咽炎的中药的制备方法，其特征是：A：将马勃、玄参、桔梗、丹皮、乌梅、五味药加水煎煮二次，第一次加8-10倍量水，煎煮1.5-3小时，第二次加6-8倍量水，煎煮1-2小时，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至80℃相对密度为1.06～1.10的清膏备用；B：将菊花、木蝴蝶二味药加水煎煮二次，每次0.5-1.5小时，加水量分别为7-10倍、5-8倍量，分次滤过，合并滤液，浓缩至80℃相对密度为1.06～1.10的清膏，与上述清膏合并，混匀，缓缓加入乙醇，使含醇量达65％，放置24小时，滤过，滤液备用；C：滤渣用65％乙醇洗涤二次，合并滤液和洗液，回收乙醇并浓缩至80℃相对密度为1.30-1.34的浸膏，低温干燥，粉碎，与辅料混匀；D：将冰片、薄荷脑用少量乙醇溶解，加入，混匀，制成中药制剂，即得。
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20221109 Address after: 150025 No. 68, Limin West 4th Street, Limin Development Zone, Harbin, Heilongjiang Patentee after: HARBIN PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP HOLDING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Sixth Pharm Factory Address before: 150056 Heilongjiang city of Harbin province Daowai District No. 326 South Road Patentee before: Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Sixth Pharm Factory |
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Granted publication date: 20060315 |