CN1238606C - Combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process - Google Patents
Combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1238606C CN1238606C CN 200410100469 CN200410100469A CN1238606C CN 1238606 C CN1238606 C CN 1238606C CN 200410100469 CN200410100469 CN 200410100469 CN 200410100469 A CN200410100469 A CN 200410100469A CN 1238606 C CN1238606 C CN 1238606C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a super manufacturing technique for combined frog core rails of steel railways, more specifically to a super manufacturing technology for combined frog core rails of steel railways. 1), A temperature preservation riser head is adopted; the ratio of the height to the diameter of the riser head is (from 1.4 to 1.7) to 1; 2), the molten steel is taken out of a furnace at high temperature, and then is refined by blowing argon gas outside the furnace in a refining parcel; the casting temperature is 1510+/-30 DEG C; before a casting process is carried out, the argon gas is filled in a mould cavity for carrying out the casting process under the protection of the argon gas; 3), after the casting process of a casting is finished and the casting is completely solidified by a thermal box beating technology, a box is beaten for 10 to 30 minutes; 4), the riser head is thermally cut by an air cutting method; after being cut, the riser head is thermally transmitted into a thermal treatment kiln for homogenizing the riser head. The present invention designs a casting system, the temperature preservation riser head and cold iron with corresponding thickness, effectively realizes the compensation contraction of the casting, adopts the protection of the argon gas in the casting process, prevents the air rolling and the entrainment, and ensures the casting product quality of a combined frog core rail by controlling a key technologic parameter.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing technology, specifically a kind of combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process.
Background technology
The current rail transport power constantly increases, train constantly raises speed, objectively require the railway track quality also to want corresponding raising, railroad frog is the key component of rail, it also is consumable accessory, the railroad frog requirement in the annual whole nation is greatly about about 50,000, and this numeral also will increase along with the increase of trunk railway.
Railroad frog divides two types, and a kind of is fusion cast frog, and another kind is an assembled frog.Fusion cast frog is because size is big, complex-shaped, and the probability that foundry goods produces defective is bigger, in use, is easy to breakage, so the gross weight of passing through of fusion cast frog generally is no more than 1.2 hundred million tons.Assembled frog is to be assembled by wing rail and fork heart rail, and the assembled frog wing rail processes by roll out steel rail, not cracky.So the quality of fork heart rail quality is directly connected to the quality of the functional performance of whole assembled frog.Fork heart rail divides casting fork heart rail and wrought alloy steel fork heart rail again.There are unfavorable factors such as production procedure is long, fabricating cost is big, cost height in wrought alloy steel combined frog crossing point rail, and the crack sensitivity of alloy steel own is big, in case cracking, crackle is expanded rapidly, for railway security personnel part, is not optimal selection.
Super-steel is a kind of based on elements such as carbon, manganese and contain the novel steel grade of multiple microalloy element, and its main feature is even tissue, the abundant refinement of crystal grain, and intensity, toughness, shock resistance are all fine.Casting super-steel combined frog crossing point rail is to adopt casting method to process, cost is low, performance is good, the super-steel combined frog crossing point rail can carry out the assembly unit production of various assembled frogs, for the large tracts of land of assembled frog is promoted the condition of having created, the assembled frog of being made up of super steel fork heart rail has reached 300,000,000 tons by gross weight, has obtained railway user's abundant affirmation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process, solved problems such as foundry goods oxide inclusion, pore, shrinkage cavity, loose, micro-crack, produced qualified super-steel combined frog crossing point rail; Adopt advanced smelting technique, alloying process, corresponding Technology for Heating Processing to improve material property, mechanical property has had large increase, σ
b〉=950MPa, a
k〉=260J/cm
2, δ 〉=50%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention has developed combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process, comprises the steps:
1) rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is 1.4-1.7: 1; Place chill in the foundry goods termination, thickness is 0.3-0.8 times of wall thickness.
2) molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1560 ± 20 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, pouring temperature is 1510 ± 30 ℃, and cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield;
3) adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified shake out between the 10-30min of back fully;
4) carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut rising head, the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1120 ± 10 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4-5h.
The used super-steel of the present invention is a kind of based on elements such as carbon, manganese and contain the novel steel grade of multiple microalloy element, by weight percentage, the super-steel chemical composition comprises: C 0.7-1.1%, Si 0.6-0.7%, Mn1.1-12%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008% is in smelting process, add the microalloy element crystal grain thinning, microalloy element comprises that molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium etc. are several, and addition is respectively 0.1-0.5%, the Fe surplus.
The present invention adopts magnesia powder coating, and thickness is 0.5-0.7mm; Heat of the present invention is cut the rising head temperature and is not less than 300 ℃.
The present invention steadily fills the type running gate system according to the no air gap of principle design that flow equates, makes running channel remain full of state; This running gate system comprises cup and sprue that is attached thereto and ingate, and described cup is an eccentric structure, and cast gate is partial to the cup center, is provided with projective table type current stabilization platform at the cup inner bottom part, and sprue is up big and down small streamlined structure.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. technological design of the present invention is reasonable, has shortened the production cycle of foundry goods, has improved productivity ratio; adopted spontaneous current steadily to fill the type running gate system, in casting process, adopted argon for protecting pouring, reduced secondary oxidation and be mingled with and roll up defectives such as gas; reduce casting defect, improved casting quality.
2. the present invention uses rational smelting process to improve the molten steel degree of purity, adopt rational heat treatment technology, make the foundry goods even tissueization, molten steel is carried out Alloying Treatment, thinning microstructure, improve the foundry goods functional performance, thereby fully realized refinement, pureization, the homogenising of material, eliminated crackle, defective such as loose, the intensity of foundry goods and toughness all are improved, railway assembled frog as security personnel's part utilizes super steel fork heart rail to assemble production, will be safer.
3. the present invention is applicable to the manufacturing of various models and specification combined frog crossing point rail.The combined frog crossing point rail that utilizes the present invention to produce has high-performance, characteristics cheaply, railway assembled frog with this combined frog crossing point rail assembling is easy to obtain customer acceptance, because market potential is huge, in case be widely adopted, assembled frog will have several hundred million the output value.
Description of drawings
Field trash distribution situation in Fig. 1 super-steel central body of frog;
Fig. 2 super-steel central body of frog crystal particle crystal boundary situation;
The tissue of Fig. 3 super-steel central body of frog homogenising;
Fig. 4 process schematic representation of the present invention;
Temperature field simulation figure as a result in Fig. 5 process of setting;
Flow field simulation figure as a result in Fig. 6 cavity filling process;
Fig. 7 shrinkage cavity, loose distribution simulation be figure as a result;
Fig. 8 super-steel railway assembled frog;
The combined frog crossing point rail cast blank that Fig. 9 adopts the present invention to produce.
The specific embodiment
Railway combined frog crossing point rail manufacturing process of the present invention is as follows:
1, super-steel is a kind of based on elements such as carbon, manganese and contain the novel steel grade of multiple microalloy element, by weight percentage, its concrete composition C 0.7-1.1%, Si 0.6-0.7%, Mn 1.1-1.2%, and alloying element molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium etc., alloying element content is respectively 0.1-0.5%, because super-steel railroad frog heart rail alloy content is than higher, molten steel is oxidation very easily.In case molten steel oxidation is serious, the top layer of foundry goods or inferior top layer will form a large amount of micro-cracks.Simulate by process of setting foundry goods, and field trial all confirms foundry goods behind casting complete, when rising head carries out feeding to foundry goods, also foundry goods produced certain heat affecting, in the heat affected zone of rising head, the probability that produces defective is higher than other position far away.So suitably reduce the rising head size, make rising head after casting solidification, also solidify fully in the short time, can reduce the rising head heat affecting.Simultaneously, improve the degree of purity of molten steel, use external refining equipment, molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1560 ± 20 ℃, carries out the blowing argon gas refining in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%.Running gate system adopts spontaneous current steadily to fill the type running gate system, and adopts argon for protecting pouring, can avoid rolling up gas effectively, secondary oxidation is mingled with, and reduces casting defect.At the chill of the thick large part placement of foundry goods suitable thickness, accelerate cooling velocity of casting, can further improve casting quality.
2, the characteristics of super-steel are grain refining, homogenising.And crystal grain thinning mainly is to finish by alloying, and in smelting process, adding microalloy element molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium wait the purpose that reaches crystal grain thinning, improve the foundry goods functional performance.Even tissueization realizes by heat treatment that mainly the cast sturcture of super-steel exists segregation, and homogenization temperature is 1120 ± 10 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4-5h.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS has obviously obtained refinement.Wherein, Fig. 1 is the metallograph of the field trash distribution situation of the super-steel combined frog crossing point rail produced of the present invention, and multiplication factor is 100 times, and the rank of field trash is the 1A level; Fig. 2 is the metallograph of the crystal particle crystal boundary situation of the super-steel combined frog crossing point rail produced of the present invention, and multiplication factor is 500 times, and crystal boundary is clear as seen from the figure, does not have the carbide of separating out on crystal boundary; Fig. 3 is the heat treated tissue of super-steel combined frog crossing point rail homogenising that the present invention produces, and multiplication factor is 50 times, and crystal grain is tiny and even.
3, produce the main technologic parameters of combined frog crossing point rail: (1) has finished Feeder Design by computer simulation, the size of rising head, shape and position, and ratio of height to diameter generates automatically by computer special-purpose software VIEW Cast.Rising head adopts insulated feeder, guarantees that ratio of height to diameter is 1.4-1.7: 1, than common rising head size little 1/3; (2) strict control pouring temperature, high temperature is come out of the stove, external refining, pouring temperature is 1510 ± 30 ℃.Super-steel is when selecting pouring temperature, and simple heavy section casting pouring temperature is taken off limit, complex thin-wall spare pouring temperature capping.(3) adopt hot shake-out technology, in order to reduce the tensile stress of foundry goods, after the cast, shake out as early as possible, shake out time is determined according to the simulation setting time.Determine the setting time of foundry goods by the thermal field of calculating foundry goods, foundry goods (comprising rising head) all solidifies back 10-30min shake out.(4) carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut the rising head temperature and be not less than 300 ℃, the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles.
Process program sketch of the present invention as shown in Figure 4,1 is heart rail; 2 is the chromite core; 3 is sand mold; 4 is riser pad; 5 is insulated feeder; 6 is insulating riser sleeve; 7 is cup; 71 is the current stabilization platform; 72 is cast gate; 8 is sprue; 9 is ingate; 10 is chill.The no air gap of principle design that the present invention equates according to flow steadily fills the type running gate system makes running channel remain full of state; Be specially:
1) according to the principle design cup that steadily fills type.Be provided with projective table type current stabilization platform 71 at cup 7 inner bottom parts, molten metal does not produce splash phenomena in cavity filling process.The cup 7 of this running gate system is an eccentric structure, and cast gate 72 is cup 7 centers relatively, help getting rid of in cavity filling process oxide inclusion, and it is steady also to help liquid metal filling.
2) sprue 8 is up big and down small streamlined structure, according to the principle that flow equates, calculates the size of sprue, fills the reasonability that pattern intends checking design by computer again; Present embodiment sprue 8 inlet diameter Ф 90mm, outlet diameter Φ 60mm, ingate diameter of phi 60mm.
Such design has guaranteed that molten metal constantly is in full state in running gate system, steadily, prevent that gas and oxide film are involved in the molten metal, cause crackle and rarefaction defect in the cavity filling process.
As shown in Figure 4, when the present invention utilizes rising head to carry out feeding, place chill in the foundry goods termination, thickness is 40mm, owing to adopted iron chill shock chilling, the foundry goods that obtains does not have the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect.In addition, sand mold tilts to place, and the angle of inclination is 3 °, is beneficial to discharge gas.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 4, rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is 1.5: 1; Molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1560 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, 0.5 ton of casting of molten metal weight, is turned over the bag cast at 25 seconds durations of pouring, 1480 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, by weight percentage, the super-steel composition is: C 0.7%, Si 0.65%, and Mn 1.2%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, molybdenum 0.5%, niobium 0.1%, vanadium 0.2%, titanium 0.2%, the Fe surplus; Adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified back 20min shake out fully; Carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut rising head, heat is cut 500 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1120 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4.5h.
Adopt following technology: (1) is adopted and is steadily filled the cup of type running gate system, has played the pushing off the slag effect.(2) use rising head and chill simultaneously, foundry goods is without any shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.(3) with common magnesia powder coating, facts have proved that there is scab phenomenon in cast(ing) surface.(4) at foundry goods gate end upper surface inclusion defect is arranged, defective all within allowance, belongs to and can remove defective.
The present invention adopts computer special-purpose software VIEW Cast to carry out the simulation of thermal field, flow field and casting defect, temperature field simulation figure as a result in the process of setting as shown in Figure 5, flow field simulation figure as a result in the cavity filling process as shown in Figure 6, the shrinkage cavity of foundry goods as shown in Figure 7, loose analog result figure.Fig. 8 is a super-steel assembled frog photo, the combined frog crossing point rail cast blank of Fig. 9 for adopting the present invention to produce.
Difference from Example 1 is:
As shown in Figure 4, rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is 1.4: 1; Molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1540 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, 0.5 ton of casting of molten metal weight, 29 seconds durations of pouring, the cast of end bottom pour ladle, 1510 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, by weight percentage, the super-steel composition is: C 1.0%, Si 0.7%, and Mn 1.12%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, molybdenum 0.3%, niobium 0.2%, vanadium 0.4%, titanium 0.1%, the Fe surplus; Adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified back 10min shake out fully; Carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut rising head, heat is cut 600 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1110 ℃, and temperature retention time is 5h.
Adopt following technology: (1) is adopted and is steadily filled the cup of type running gate system, has played the pushing off the slag effect.Applying argon gas in the die cavity has reduced secondary oxidation before the cast.(2) use rising head and chill simultaneously, foundry goods is without any shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.(3) with the magnesia powder coating of import, facts have proved that surface quality of continuous castings is good.(4) cast(ing) surface of end bottom pour ladle cast, subsurface all is mingled with less than finding.Casting quality is intact.
Difference from Example 1 is:
As shown in Figure 4, rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is 1.7: 1; Molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1580 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, 0.5 ton of casting of molten metal weight, 25 seconds durations of pouring, the cast of end bottom pour ladle, 1540 ℃ of pouring temperatures, cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield, by weight percentage, the super-steel composition is: C 1.1%, Si 0.6%, and Mn 1.1%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, molybdenum 0.2%, niobium 0.3%, vanadium 0.1%, titanium 0.4%, the Fe surplus; Adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified back 30min shake out fully; Carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut rising head, heat is cut 350 ℃ of rising head temperature, and the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1130 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4h.
Adopt following technology: (1) adopts spontaneous current steadily to fill the cup of type running gate system, has played the effect of pushing off the slag.Applying argon gas in the die cavity reduces secondary oxidation before the cast.(2) use rising head and chill simultaneously, foundry goods is without any shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.(3) with the magnesia powder coating of import, facts have proved that surface quality of continuous castings is fine.(4) the foundry goods gate end is not found inclusion defect, and casting quality is intact.
Utilize the present invention to carry out the casting of super-steel combined frog crossing point rail, in smelting process, add an amount of alloying element, refinement crystal grain; Utilize and steadily fill the cup of type running gate system, in casting process, adopt argon shield, reduced volume gas and secondary oxidation and be mingled with, reduced foundry goods and produced the face crack tendency; Adopt suitable rising head size and rising head quantity, suitable chill carries out Quench, has finished feeding a casting effectively, makes foundry goods not have shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
Carried out external refining and alloying because the present invention adopts in smelting process, carried out argon shield in casting process, and used steady stream and filled the type running gate system, liquid metal filling is steady, has guaranteed the pure of molten metal; Utilize the rising head and the chill of computer modeling technique design to play feeding and chilling action effectively, reduced crackle and produced tendency, produced high-performance foundry goods without any defective.
0.5 ton of the weight of the cast steel liquid metal of present embodiment is carried out argon shield, and has been used iron chill shock chilling during cast.Observe casting process, find that riser feeding is good.Cast back hot shake-out, surface quality of continuous castings is good.After the heat treatment without any defective (referring to Fig. 9).
Comparative example
0.5 ton of the weight of cast steel liquid metal is not beaten argon gas during cast, 1480 ℃ of pouring temperatures are not used iron chill shock chilling, observes casting process, finds that the molten metal riser feeding is good.Find behind the shake out that cast(ing) surface has scab phenomenon, do not have open defect after the heat treatment, find after the machining that the foundry goods subsurface has crackle.
Claims (7)
1, combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head ratio of height to diameter is 1.4-1.7: 1;
2) molten steel high temperature is come out of the stove, and tapping temperature is 1560 ± 20 ℃, carries out blowing argon gas refining outside the stove in the refining bag, strict control phosphorus, sulfur content, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, pouring temperature is 1510 ± 30 ℃, and cast is applying argon gas in die cavity before, pours into a mould under argon shield;
3) adopt hot shake-out technology, after casting pouring finished, foundry goods solidified shake out between the 10-30min of back fully;
4) carry out heat with Methods of OFC-A and cut rising head, the cutting after heat is fed into heat treatment kiln, carries out homogenising and handles, and homogenization temperature is 1120 ± 10 ℃, and temperature retention time is 4-5h.
2, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that by weight percentage, the super-steel chemical composition comprises: C 0.7-1.1%, Si 0.6-0.7%, Mn 1.1-1.2%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.008%, and alloying element molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, alloying element content is respectively 0.1-0.5%, the Fe surplus.
3, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that: in smelting process, add the microalloy element crystal grain thinning, add molybdenum, niobium, vanadium, titanium, addition is respectively 0.1-0.5%.
4, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that: adopt magnesia powder coating, thickness is 0.5-0.7mm.
5, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that: heat is cut the rising head temperature and is not less than 300 ℃.
6, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that: place chill in the foundry goods termination, thickness is 0.3-0.8 times of wall thickness.
7, according to the described railway combined frog crossing point rail of claim 1 manufacturing process, it is characterized in that: the no air gap of principle design that equates according to flow steadily fills the type running gate system, makes running channel remain full of state; Sprue (8) and ingate (9) that this running gate system comprises cup (7) and is attached thereto, described cup (7) is an eccentric structure, cast gate (72) is cup (7) center relatively, be provided with projective table type current stabilization platform (71) at cup (7) inner bottom part, sprue (8) is up big and down small streamlined structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200410100469 CN1238606C (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410100469 CN1238606C (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process |
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| CN1632223A CN1632223A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| CN1238606C true CN1238606C (en) | 2006-01-25 |
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| CN 200410100469 Expired - Fee Related CN1238606C (en) | 2004-12-24 | 2004-12-24 | Combined railway steel frog nose rail manufacturing process |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102888789B (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2015-07-29 | 大连铁联铁路器材制造有限公司 | Forging heart railway frog strengthened by alloy steel |
| CN105149521B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-10-17 | 湖州中联机械制造有限公司 | Steelframe casting and its production technology in a kind of subway |
| CN107900287B (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2019-05-10 | 中铁宝桥集团有限公司 | North-America standard self-protected tub high manganese steel frog casting technique |
| CN108176837A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-06-19 | 安徽应流集团霍山铸造有限公司 | It is a kind of to solve because of the method for section's alloy-steel casting face crack like this |
| CN108080608A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-05-29 | 安徽应流集团霍山铸造有限公司 | A kind of method for solving Hastelloy cast(ing) surface crackle |
| CN107876747A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-06 | 安徽应流集团霍山铸造有限公司 | A kind of method for solving super austenitic stainless steel cast(ing) surface crackle |
| CN110842150B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-11-19 | 中铁山桥集团有限公司 | Assembled frog casting system and method |
| CN112387958B (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2022-07-29 | 遵义拓特铸锻有限公司 | Manufacturing method of super duplex stainless steel single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump shell |
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2004
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| CN1632223A (en) | 2005-06-29 |
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