CN1238136C - High manganese steel railway assembled frog centre rail casting process - Google Patents
High manganese steel railway assembled frog centre rail casting process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a high manganese steel railway assembled frog centre rail casting process and adopts chromite sand as facing sand and core sand. The surface of a cavity and the surface of a core are covered with alkaline magnesite powder paint; risers adopt molding insulating risers; the lower surfaces of the risers are added with cameron cores. The present invention adopts a horizontal pouring mode, the working surfaces of core rails are downwards positioned, and the surfaces of the risers are spread with heat preserving covering agents during pouring operation. The present invention adopts a hot shake-out technology, the risers are buried into the sand to insulate the heat after the risers are cut, and then, the risers are put into a heat treatment kiln to be heated and undergo water toughening. The present invention adopts the methods that the filling time and the refrigerating speed of molten metal are controlled to effectively avoid the generation of casting defects, such as shrinkage cavity, loosening, crack, large grain, etc. The hot shake-out technology and hot cut risers prevent the crack of the cut risers from happening. The combining use of the chromite sand and the alkali magnesite powder paint improves the surface quality of castings, decreases surface machining allowance, and improves the product rate of casting technology. The present invention is the foundation for the generalization of assembled frog on an arterial railway.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to all casting process and the smelting process of railroad crossing of high manganese steel heart rail, specifically a kind of casting method of railroad crossing of high manganese steel heart rail.It is applicable to the manufacture process of railway combination high manganese steel frog heart rail.
Background technology
The history in existing more than 40 year of the production of China's high manganese steel frog, but still have many gaps with comparing abroad its service life.Along with the continuous increase of China railways freight volume, load-carrying and speed, more urgent to the requirement that improves railway frog service life.The active service railroad frog overwhelming majority is the block cast high manganese steel frog, the block cast high manganese steel frog has good integrity, maintenance advantage easily, but big because of its quality, section is complicated, and its foundryman's fever handling property is reduced, shrinkage cavity, phenomenon loose, that the crystal grain group is big exist in a large number.Railway frog in use major part does not wear away limit just because of the crackle down road that lost efficacy.In addition, the solder technology of China's potassium steel and common rail does not reach a standard as yet, adopts solid manganese steel frog to limit the development of transregional overlength gapless track yet.At the beginning of last century, just develop potassium steel casting heart rail assembled frog abroad, railway frog is increased substantially service life, and because the heel end of frog opening portion all with common rail manufacturing, has adopted prior art to weld with line track.Online assembled frog seldom because combination high manganese steel frog heart rail foundry engieering does not pass a test, all replaces with the bainitic steel forging now on the China railways, and the production cycle grows, cost is very high, directly influenced applying of assembled frog.In this case, the high-quality casting potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail of the present invention's exploitation will be subjected to the welcome of railway and relevant production division undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail casting technique that can guarantee surface quality of continuous castings and internal soundness.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail casting technique, its technical process is as follows:
1) adopt chromite sand to make facing sand and core sand, chromite sand is made binding agent with waterglass, and the waterglass addition is 6～7%, after moulding begins, mixed chromite sand is covered model surface, and thickness is 10～30mm, and floor sand hits reality with common quartz sand;
2) mold cavity surface and wicking surface are brushed alkaline alcohol radical magnesia powder coating, thickness 0.5～0.7mm;
3) rising head is selected the moulding insulated feeder for use, adds cameron core below rising head, adopts the mode of casting on flat, heart rail working face is downward, 1420～1460 ℃ of pouring temperatures, poring rate are 20～50kg/s, spread the thick heat retaining and exothermal coverture of 70～100mm when cast finishes on the rising head surface;
4) adopt hot shake-out technology, 1～2 hour shake out after cast; Cutting rising head in the time of 500～700 ℃, rising head is embedded in dry sand and is incubated 10～15h after downcutting, and reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of conventional water.
The ratio of height to diameter of described insulated feeder is (1～1.5): 1, and its internal diameter is 150～240mm.
Described water is tough to be treated to 1050～1100 ℃ of following shrends.
The present invention is in fusing or casting process, described molten metal can be carried out Alloying Treatment, add one or more of niobium, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, boron, chromium, to reach the alloying purpose, by weight percentage, Nb≤0.06, Ti≤0.15, V≤0.15, Mo≤2, B≤0.005, Cr≤2.5.
Running gate system of the present invention comprises cup and sprue that is attached thereto and ingate, described cup is an eccentric structure, and cast gate is partial to the cup center, is provided with projective table type current stabilization platform at the cup inner bottom part, cast gate is opened in the current stabilization platform, and sprue is up big and down small streamlined structure.
The mold cavity surface of casting mold of the present invention forms with the chromite sand of different-thickness, the chromite sand thickness that covers at the die cavity inner surface is 10～30mm, the effect of chromite sand mainly is to adjust the Quench ability of casting mold by changing chromite sand thickness, adjust the cooling velocity of foundry goods different parts, thick large part is cooled off as early as possible, avoided crystal grain too to grow up and the regional segregation of composition.
Because potassium steel belongs to basic steel, and chromite sand belongs to neutral sand, and is used with alkaline coating magnesia powder coating, can avoid chemical scab well.
Rising head of the present invention is insulated feeder, below rising head, add cameron core, its ratio of height to diameter is 1～1.5: 1, size is littler by about 1/3 than non-insulated feeder, and when finishing, cast spreads the heat preservation coverture of 70～100mm on the surface, reason is that insulated feeder is too little, and feeding metal liquid measure is not enough, can not satisfy the feeding requirement; Rising head is too big, and is also big to the heat affected area of foundry goods, and can not solidify for a long time, causes casting crystalline grain too to grow up, and is formed into the branch segregation at the rising head root, is easy to generate crackle, and simultaneously, when cleaning, rising head is too big, also is easy to generate crackle during cutting.
The present invention adopts the mode of casting on flat, and heart rail working face is downward, in casting process, limits the duration of pouring, limits poring rate exactly.Produce high manganese steel casting, adopting low temperature to water soon is normal selection, and the speed that the present invention requires is faster than what often return, for fear of producing cold shut, requires poring rate at 20～50kg/s.
The rising head cutting technique of being discussed among the present invention, it is relatively poor to be based on the capacity of heat transmission of potassium steel own, when concentrated being heated, can produce the anneal crack line, so, requirement is (500～700 ℃) cutting rising head under hot state, and is incubated 10～15h in sand, reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of conventional water.
The present invention can carry out Alloying Treatment to molten metal, alloying process can be implemented in fusion process, also can in the process of watering, implement, include and selectively add niobium, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, boron, chromium etc., to reach the alloying purpose, it is fine and close more that foundry goods is organized, and crystal grain thinning improves the foundry goods serviceability.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. running gate system of the present invention adopts no air gap steadily to fill the type running gate system, avoided the generation of splash phenomena, cavity filling process is steady, makes molten metal be in full state constantly in running gate system, prevent that gas and oxide-film are involved in molten metal, be difficult for causing crackle and defective such as loose.
2. key of the present invention has been fundamentally to solve the casting problem of railway high manganese steel frog heart rail, the surface quality and the internal soundness of foundry goods have been guaranteed, surface roughness have been controlled, guarantee that foundry goods inside does not have shrinkage cavity, loose, crack defect, guarantee that foundry goods organizes fine and closely woven, grain size reaches more than 2 grades, and the production in enormous quantities for later provides theoretical direction.
3. the present invention promotes on trunk railway for assembled frog, and good opportunity is provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail foundry goods schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 railroad crossing of high manganese steel heart rail casting process scheme sketch.
Fig. 3 uses the high manganese steel frog heart rail foundry goods photo that the present invention produces.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail foundry goods schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is produced a collection of potassium steel combined frog crossing point rail as a trial, material ZGMn13, weight 255kg, filling time 15s, 1450 ℃ of pouring temperatures, adopt the mode of casting on flat, heart rail working face is downward, places four rising heads above, and rising head position and spacing adopt the conventional method design.Its casting technique is as follows:
1) according to the principle design running gate system of steadily filling type, guarantees that molten metal does not produce splash phenomena in cavity filling process.
2) adopt chromite sand to make facing sand, chromite sand is made binding agent with waterglass, and the waterglass addition is 6.5%.After moulding begins, mixed chromite sand is covered model surface, adjust the thickness of chromite sand according to the difference of different parts thickness, thinnest part is no less than 10mm, the thickness is not more than 30mm, and, making mild transition between the chromite sand of different-thickness as far as possible, floor sand hits reality with common quartz sand.
3) mold cavity surface is brushed alkaline alcohol radical magnesia powder coating, thickness 0.5～0.7mm.
4) rising head is selected the moulding insulated feeder for use, and the ratio of height to diameter of insulated feeder is 1.2: 1, and its internal diameter is 200mm, and heat retaining and exothermal coverture 70～100mm was spread on the surface when cast finished, and, below rising head, add cameron core, easily the cutting blade internal diameter is 75mm.
5) adopt hot shake-out technology, cast back 1.5h shake out, cutting rising head in the time of 600 ℃, rising head is embedded in dry sand and is incubated 12h after downcutting, and reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of conventional water (1050 ℃ of following shrends).
As shown in Figure 2, railroad crossing of high manganese steel heart rail casting process scheme sketch; Wherein:
1 is heart rail; 2 is the chromite core; 3 is the chromite sand facing sand; 4 is riser pad; 5 is insulated feeder; 6 is the heat preservation coverture; 7 is cup; 8 is sprue; 9 is ingate.
Running gate system of the present invention adopts Chinese patent application, and (application number is 200310105217.0, November 28 2003 applying date) Pouring System Design Method of mentioning designs, running gate system shown in Fig. 2 left side, wherein: 7 is cup, 71 is the current stabilization platform, 72 is cast gate, and 8 is sprue, and 9 is ingate.The no air gap of principle design that the present invention equates according to flow steadily fills the type running gate system makes running channel remain full of state; Be specially:
1) according to the principle design cup that steadily fills type.Be provided with projective table type current stabilization platform 71 at cup 7 inner bottom parts, molten metal does not produce splash phenomena in cavity filling process.The cup 7 of this running gate system is an eccentric structure, and cast gate 72 is cup 7 centers relatively, help getting rid of in cavity filling process oxide inclusion, and it is steady also to help liquid metal filling.
2) sprue 8 is up big and down small streamlined structure, according to the principle that flow equates, calculates the size of sprue, fills the reasonability that pattern intends checking design by computer again; Present embodiment inlet diameter 90mm, outlet diameter 60mm.
Such design has guaranteed that molten metal constantly is in full state in running gate system, steadily, prevent that gas and oxide-film are involved in the molten metal, cause crackle and rarefaction defect in the cavity filling process.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
Because it is more reasonable that process program of the present invention is determined, so the measures of being taked has all played corresponding effect.
1) adopts the running gate system of steadily filling type, stoped the intrusion of oxide inclusion effectively, make foundry goods interior, inclusion defect without any pore.
2) rational Application of chromite sand has promptly prevented the generation of fire check, has controlled growing up of crystal grain again.
3) especially chromite sand and magnesia powder coating are used, and make surface roughness fine, have fundamentally suppressed chemical scab.
4) selecting for use of insulated feeder, when finishing feeding, the rising head root does not have segregation to produce substantially.
5) adopt hot shake-out technology, after the tough processing of water, on the foundry goods without any the crackle vestige.
It is 500kg that this embodiment pours into the cast steel weight of liquid metal, and casting weight is 255kg, and filling time is 15s, observes casting process, finds the molten metal cleaning, rises steadily.Cast back 1.5h shake out, surface quality of continuous castings is good.
The present invention adopts the method for control filling velocity, control molten metal cooling velocity, avoided the generation of casting flaws such as shrinkage cavity, loose, crackle, crystal grain be thick effectively.Hot shake-out and fervent rising head technology have been avoided the cutting rising head and the crackle that produces.The comprehensive use of chromite sand and alkaline magnesia powder coating has improved the surface quality of foundry goods, has reduced the Surface Machining surplus, has improved casting process yield.Promote on trunk railway for assembled frog, lay a good foundation.As shown in Figure 3, use the high manganese steel frog heart rail foundry goods photo that the present invention produces.
Comparative example
Also the someone attempted producing the potassium steel combined frog crossing point rail in the past, but the technology that is adopted is not very proper, mainly was that the rising head size is too conservative, be that size is bigger, the heat affected area is very big on foundry goods, so the foundry goods of being produced, upper surface is easy to occur various crackles.Especially in the use of chill, reasonably do not carry out computer simulation, each position curdled appearance of foundry goods is very inharmonious, so, not only do not restrain grain growth, also make foundry goods produce a lot of micro-cracks.Do not carry out the casting principle that potassium steel low temperature waters soon well, pouring temperature is very high, and that drags the duration of pouring is oversize, makes the foundry goods lower surface cold shut occur, and upper surface produces serious carbon segregation.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
Present embodiment is produced a collection of potassium steel combined frog crossing point rail as a trial, material ZGMn13, and pouring into the cast steel weight of liquid metal is 520kg, casting weight 255kg, filling time 12s, 1420 ℃ of pouring temperatures, adopt the mode of casting on flat, heart rail working face is downward, and its casting technique is as follows:
1) according to the principle design running gate system of steadily filling type, guarantees that molten metal does not produce splash phenomena in cavity filling process.
2) adopt chromite sand to make facing sand, chromite sand is made binding agent with waterglass, and the waterglass addition is 6%.After moulding begins, mixed chromite sand is covered model surface, adjust the thickness of chromite sand according to the difference of different parts thickness, thinnest part is no less than 10mm, the thickness is not more than 30mm, and, making mild transition between the chromite sand of different-thickness as far as possible, floor sand hits reality with common quartz sand.
3) mold cavity surface is brushed alkaline alcohol radical magnesia powder coating, thickness 0.5～0.7mm.
4) rising head is selected the moulding insulated feeder for use, and the ratio of height to diameter of insulated feeder is 1: 1, and its internal diameter is 240mm, and heat retaining and exothermal coverture 70～100mm is spread on the surface during cast, and, below rising head, add cameron core, easily the cutting blade internal diameter is 75mm.
5) adopt hot shake-out technology, cast back 1h shake out, cutting rising head in the time of 700 ℃, rising head is embedded in dry sand and is incubated 15h after downcutting, and reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of conventional water (1080 ℃ of following shrends).
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is:
Present embodiment is produced a collection of potassium steel combined frog crossing point rail as a trial, material ZGMn13, and pouring into the cast steel weight of liquid metal is 470kg, casting weight 255kg, filling time 20s, 1460 ℃ of pouring temperatures, adopt the mode of casting on flat, heart rail working face is downward, and its casting technique is as follows:
1) according to the principle design running gate system of steadily filling type, guarantees that molten metal does not produce splash phenomena in cavity filling process.
2) adopt chromite sand to make facing sand, chromite sand is made binding agent with waterglass, and the waterglass addition is 7%.After moulding begins, mixed chromite sand is covered model surface, adjust the thickness of chromite sand according to the difference of different parts thickness, thinnest part is no less than 10mm, the thickness is not more than 30mm, and, making mild transition between the chromite sand of different-thickness as far as possible, floor sand hits reality with common quartz sand.
3) mold cavity surface is brushed alkaline magnesia powder coating, thickness 0.5～0.7mm.
4) rising head is selected the moulding insulated feeder for use, and the ratio of height to diameter of insulated feeder is 1.5: 1, and its internal diameter is 150mm, and heat retaining and exothermal coverture 70～100mm is spread on the surface during cast, and, below rising head, add cameron core, easily the cutting blade internal diameter is 60mm.
5) adopt hot shake-out technology, cast back 1.5h shake out, cutting rising head in the time of 500 ℃, rising head is embedded in dry sand and is incubated 10h after downcutting, and reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of conventional water (1100 ℃ of following shrends).
In addition, the present invention can also carry out Alloying Treatment with described molten metal in fusing or casting process, add one or more of niobium, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, boron, chromium, by weight percentage, Nb≤0.06, Ti≤0.15, V≤0.15, Mo≤2, B≤0.005, Cr≤2.5.
Claims (5)
1. potassium steel railway combined frog crossing point rail casting technique is characterized in that technical process is as follows:
1) adopt chromite sand to make facing sand and core sand, chromite sand is made binding agent with waterglass, and the waterglass addition is 6～7%, after moulding begins, mixed chromite sand is covered model surface, and thickness is 10～30mm, and floor sand hits reality with common quartz sand;
2) mold cavity surface and wicking surface are brushed alkaline magnesia powder coating, thickness 0.5～0.7mm;
3) rising head is selected the moulding insulated feeder for use, adds cameron core below rising head, adopts the mode of casting on flat, heart rail working face is downward, 1420～1460 ℃ of pouring temperatures, poring rate are 20～50kg/s, spread the thick heat retaining and exothermal coverture of 70～100mm when cast finishes on the rising head surface;
4) adopt hot shake-out technology, 1～2 hour shake out after cast; Cutting rising head in the time of 500～700 ℃, rising head is embedded in and is incubated 10～15h in sand after downcutting, and reenters the heat treatment kiln heating and carries out the tough processing of water.
2,, it is characterized in that the ratio of height to diameter of described insulated feeder is (1～1.5) according to the described potassium steel railway of claim 1 combined frog crossing point rail casting technique: 1, its internal diameter is 150～240mm.
3,, it is characterized in that described water is tough to be treated to 1050～1100 ℃ of following shrends according to the described potassium steel railway of claim 1 combined frog crossing point rail casting technique.
4. according to the described potassium steel railway of claim 1 combined frog crossing point rail casting technique, it is characterized in that: in fusing or casting process, described molten metal is carried out Alloying Treatment, add one or more of niobium, vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, boron, chromium, by weight percentage, Nb≤0.06, Ti≤0.15, V≤0.15, Mo≤2, B≤0.005, Cr≤2.5.
5, according to the described potassium steel railway of claim 1 combined frog crossing point rail casting technique, it is characterized in that: sprue (8) and ingate (9) that this running gate system comprises cup (7) and is attached thereto, described cup (7) is an eccentric structure, cast gate (72) is cup (7) center relatively, be provided with projective table type current stabilization platform (71) at cup (7) inner bottom part, cast gate (72) is opened in current stabilization platform (71), and sprue (8) is up big and down small streamlined structure.
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| CN101284305B (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High manganese steel casting grain refinement casting technique |
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| CN101284305B (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-06-09 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | High manganese steel casting grain refinement casting technique |
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Effective date of registration: 20220819 Address after: 256218 west side of middle section of Xiwang Avenue, Xiwang Industrial Park, Zouping City, Binzhou City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Zhongke Xiwang Special Steel Co.,Ltd. Address before: 110016 No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF METAL RESEARCH CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES |