CN1237916C - Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN1237916C CN1237916C CN 02110188 CN02110188A CN1237916C CN 1237916 C CN1237916 C CN 1237916C CN 02110188 CN02110188 CN 02110188 CN 02110188 A CN02110188 A CN 02110188A CN 1237916 C CN1237916 C CN 1237916C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for flue-curing tobacco leaves. Based on the traditional three-section type flue-curing technology for tobacco leaves, the whole process of flue-curing tobacco leaves is creatively divided into five steps according to the changes of factors, such as temperature, humidity, the opening extents of a skylight and a burrow, etc. The method for flue-curing tobacco leaves has strong operability, can obviously enhance the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves and the proportion of superior cigarettes, and can reduce the rate of green tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of baking technology of tobacco leaf.
Technical background
Tobacco is that leaf is used industrial crops, the moisture that contains 80%--90% in the fresh tobacco leaf, must place specific equipment, make its flavescence and drying by artificial control temperature and humidity conditions, the various good material that forms in the leaf is fixed up, just can become the raw material of cigarette industry, this process is called flue-cured tobacco.Introduction according to " Three-stage Curing of Flue-cured Tobacco and supporting technology thereof " (scientific and technical literature publishing house/Gong Changrong etc./in May, 1996), the environmental factor of flue-cured tobacco mainly contains temperature, humidity and ventilation, the three influences each other, and comprehensive function plays an important role to baking quality.After the nineties, China's syllogic baking process flue-cured tobacco of carrying out in an all-round way, so-called syllogic baking process roughly is divided into bake process changing yellow stage, fixation stage and three time periods of drying muscle stage exactly, and its concrete operations main points are: 1) changing yellow stage.Changing yellow stage can be divided into initial stage, mid-term, latter stage again.Hole in the ground, tight skylight of initial stage is hydrofuge not, keeps 38--40 ℃ of environment temperature, tobacco leaf is perspired, about 2 one-tenth Huangs of flavescence degree.Hole in the ground, crack skylight in mid-term keeps 41--42 ℃ of environment temperature, tobacco leaf is felt like jelly fall down, and the flavescence degree reaches 5--6 and becomes yellow.Begin latter stage to strengthen and make a fire, and transfer hole in the ground, big skylight aperture, keep 44--45 ℃ of temperature, reach the tobacco leaf master pulse and feel like jelly, it is yellow that the soft reel of blade, 7-8 become, and requires leaf base, the full cyan of vein and vein both sides, and other parts are yellow.2) fixation stage.Fixation stage can be divided into early stage and later stage again.The full thorax that requires to make a fire early stage is red, continues to put in a skylight greatly the hole in the ground, heats up 1 ℃ with 2--3 hour, improves temperature to 50 ℃, makes tobacco leaf reach the pornographic movie blue veins, the little tube of beating.The later stage programming rate is 1 ℃ of intensification in 1--2 hour, reaches 55 ℃, makes complete yellow, the big tube of beating of tobacco leaf.3) drying muscle stage.55 ℃ be drying muscle stage later on, wherein 55--65 ℃ be dried muscle in earlier stage, 65--75 ℃ is the dried muscle later stage.Programming rate requires per hour 1 ℃, is called as the very hot oven muscle of stopping.After utilization in production practices, find that syllogic baking process process is simple, be convenient to operation, but warm and humid difference is bigger between each stage in bake process, holds time longlyer for every section, and randomness is bigger in the operating process, standardization is relatively poor, is difficult to the technological requirement that reaches best.
Summary of the invention
The tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of standardization so that improve the tobacco flue-curing technical merit, solves the blue or green and first-class cigarette ratio problem on the low side of flue-cured tobacco band.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves of the present invention comprises the steps: the first step, after the tobacco leaf shove charge, in time close air intake hole and exhausting window, begin igniting then, after the igniting, per hour to heat up 1 ℃ speed, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 36--38 ℃, banking fire is temperature surely, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 35--36 ℃, keep this temperature, humidity, make blade tip, the dehydration deliquescing flavescence of leaf margin elder generation of bottom tobacco leaf, prevent to bake short blue or green cigarette.Become yellow when the flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf reaches 3--4, two layers of tobacco leaf dehydration are wilting, and blade begins till the soft flavescence.In second step,, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 40--42 ℃ every two hours to heat up 1 ℃ speed, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 37--38 ℃, banking fire is temperature surely, keeps this temperature, humidity, impels the abundant dehydration of tobacco leaf, wilting deliquescing, up to the complete flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf, and dehydration reaches and colludes point and be crimped to rouleau tubular attitude, and two layers of tobacco leaf flavescence reach the pornographic movie blue veins, and (leaf control in bottom changes to 9 one-tenths Huangs, the middle and upper part leaf changes to the pornographic movie blue veins), and begin to reach and collude till the pointed attitude.The 3rd step, speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 2--3 hour, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 46--48 ℃, the steady temperature 8--12 of banking fire hour, make the whole flavescence of residual cyan, strengthen ventilation dewetting, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 38--39 ℃, reach the parent roll state up to the dehydration of bottom tobacco leaf, two layers of whole flavescence of tobacco leaf (pornographic movie, yellow muscle) and dehydration reach rouleau tubular attitude, till the flavescence of top layer tobacco leaf reaches 9--10 and becomes yellow (only surplus main, the little band of lateral vein is blue or green) and begin crimping, beat tin.In the 4th step, the speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 2--3 hour is raised to 52--54 ℃ with dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 39--40 ℃, and banking fire is temperature surely, till full stove tobacco leaf reaches parent roll (blade is absolutely dry).In the 5th step, the speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 1--2 hour is raised to 65--68 ℃ of (65 ℃ on bottom leaf with dry-bulb temperature; 68 ℃ on middle and upper part leaf), banking fire is temperature surely, after 60 ℃; should turn down air intake hole and exhausting window gradually, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 42 ℃, ceases fire up to the absolutely dry back of master pulse.
The technical program is workable, can obviously improve the quality of tobacco of flue-cured tobacco, reduces blue smoke rate.
Specific embodiment
Be a specific embodiment of the present invention below:
The first step, after the tobacco leaf shove charge, in time close air intake hole and exhausting window, begin igniting then, after the igniting, per hour to heat up 1 ℃ speed, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 36--38 ℃, banking fire is temperature surely, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 35--36 ℃, keep this temperature, humidity, make blade tip, the dehydration deliquescing flavescence of leaf margin elder generation of bottom tobacco leaf, prevent to bake short blue or green cigarette.Become yellow when the flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf reaches 3--4, two layers of tobacco leaf dehydration are wilting, and blade begins till the soft flavescence.
In second step, it is about 1/3 that air intake hole and exhausting window are opened, every two hours to heat up 1 ℃ speed, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 40--42 ℃, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 37--38 ℃, and banking fire is temperature surely, keep this temperature, humidity, impel the abundant dehydration of tobacco leaf, wilting deliquescing is up to the complete flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf, and dehydration reaches and colludes point and be crimped to rouleau tubular attitude, two layers of tobacco leaf flavescence reach pornographic movie blue veins (leaf control in bottom changes to 9 one-tenths Huangs, and the middle and upper part leaf changes to the pornographic movie blue veins), and begin to reach and collude till the pointed attitude.
The 3rd step, air intake hole and exhausting window open about 1/2, speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 2--3 hour, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 46--48 ℃, the steady temperature 8--12 of banking fire hour, make the whole flavescence of residual cyan, strengthen ventilation dewetting, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 38--39 ℃, reach the parent roll state up to the dehydration of bottom tobacco leaf, two layers of whole flavescence of tobacco leaf (pornographic movie, yellow muscle) and dehydration reach rouleau tubular attitude, till the flavescence of top layer tobacco leaf reaches 9--10 and becomes yellow (only surplus main, the little band of lateral vein is blue or green) and begin crimping, beat tin.
The 4th step, air intake hole and exhausting window standard-sized sheet, the speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 2--3 hour is raised to 52--54 ℃ with dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 39--40 ℃, and banking fire is temperature surely, till full stove tobacco leaf reaches parent roll (blade is absolutely dry).
The 5th step; air intake hole and exhausting window are opened about 1/2--1/3; speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 1--2 hour; dry-bulb temperature is raised to 65--68 ℃ (65 ℃ on bottom leaf, 68 ℃ on middle and upper part leaf), and banking fire is temperature surely; after 60 ℃; should turn down air intake hole and exhausting window gradually, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 42 ℃, ceases fire up to the absolutely dry back of master pulse.
Two identical alcohol-in-glass thermometers are arranged on the flue-cured tobacco thermometer, one what wrapping gauze is wet-bulb thermometer, what another did not wrap gauze is dry bulb thermometer, can understand the temperature and humidity of environment according to these two thermometers, be that decision heats up, steady temperature, hydrofuge, the important evidence of preserving moisture, the wet-bulb thermometer temperature displayed is called wet-bulb temperature, and the dry bulb thermometer temperature displayed is called dry-bulb temperature.
The data of humiture are based on the Hygrothermograph that is suspended on the second layer in the present embodiment, and the bottom of Hygrothermograph flushes with two layers of tobacco leaf blade tip.Hanging method is that to draw an iron wire in two layers of crossbeam and observation window upper ledge middle be guide rail, and the flue-cured tobacco Hygrothermograph is hung thereon, in the bake process it is pushed spacing wall 1.0--1.5m place in the barn.
The criteria for classifying that the present invention relates to tobacco leaf flavescence degree is as follows:
The tobacco leaf of normal flavescence, yellow and the green of flavescence not when boundary is apparent in view, are divided by flavescence part proportion, and full leaf is by 10 one-tenth calculating.Even as the tobacco leaf flavescence, when yellow and green boundary is not obvious, contains blue or green degree by blade and divide.Wherein the blade Essential colour is yellow, and little band floating blue or green (not containing main, lateral vein) is about 9 one-tenth of flavescence.Blade is a yellow green, and Huang Duoqing is few, is about 7 one-tenth of flavescence.Blade bluish yellow half and half, green is also more obvious in the yellow green, is yellow about 5 one-tenth.
When observing tobacco leaf flavescence degree, should get final product to reach standard with layer tobacco leaf or every pole tobacco leaf 2/3 blade.
The criteria for classifying that the present invention relates to the wilting degree of drying of tobacco leaf is as follows:
Tobacco leaf begins wilting: the blade tip of blade the latter half, and leaf margin, because dehydration and softness, but leaf base is not soft, the also not deliquescing of master pulse both sides major part, and the area of blade deliquescing accounts for the 20--30% of full leaf.
Soft, wing collapses: tobacco leaf dehydration about 30% because dehydration, the full deliquescing of blade, but also deliquescing fully of master pulse.
Fully wilting: the whole deliquescing of blade master pulse, folding and constantly.
Collude sharp crimping: tobacco leaf dehydration about 40%, the blade tip of blade the latter half, leaf margin begin to curl because of dehydration.
Little reel: tobacco leaf dehydration about 50%, the further drying of blade tip and limb is crispaturaed inwards, and is only surplus not dried near master pulse both sides part.
Parent roll: about tobacco leaf dehydration 60--70%, blade is absolutely dry, and only master pulse is not dried, and the blade of drying further curls like tubular.
Claims (1)
1, tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The first step after the tobacco leaf shove charge, begins igniting, after the igniting, per hour to heat up 1 ℃ speed, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 36-38 ℃, banking fire is temperature surely, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 35-36 ℃, keep this temperature, humidity, make blade tip, the dehydration deliquescing flavescence of leaf margin elder generation of bottom tobacco leaf, prevent to bake short blue or green cigarette; When the flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf reach 34 one-tenth yellow, two layers of tobacco leaf dehydration are wilting, blade begins till the soft flavescence;
In second step,, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 40-42 ℃ every two hours to heat up 1 ℃ speed, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 37-38 ℃, and banking fire is temperature surely, keeps this temperature, humidity, impel the abundant dehydration of tobacco leaf, wilting deliquescing, up to the complete flavescence of bottom tobacco leaf, and dehydration reaches and colludes point and be crimped to rouleau tubular attitude, two layers of tobacco leaf flavescence reach the pornographic movie blue veins, be that leaf control in bottom changes to 9 one-tenths Huangs, the middle and upper part leaf changes to the pornographic movie blue veins, and begins to reach and collude till the pointed attitude;
The 3rd step, speed with 1 ℃ of intensification in every 2-3 hour, dry-bulb temperature is raised to 46-48 ℃, the steady temperature 8-12 of banking fire hour, makes the whole flavescence of residual cyan, strengthen ventilation dewetting, wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 38-39 ℃, reaches the parent roll state up to the dehydration of bottom tobacco leaf, and two layers of whole flavescence of tobacco leaf and dehydration reach rouleau tubular attitude, the whole flavescence of tobacco leaf are as the criterion with the yellow muscle of pornographic movie, the flavescence of top layer tobacco leaf reach 9-10 become Huang promptly only surplus main, the little band of lateral vein is blue or green and begin crimping, beat tin till;
The 4th step to heat up 1 ℃ speed in every 2-3 hour, was raised to 52-54 ℃ with dry-bulb temperature, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 39-40 ℃, and banking fire is temperature surely, up to full stove tobacco leaf reach parent roll be blade absolutely dry till;
In the 5th step, with the speed of 1 ℃ of intensification in every 1-2 hour, it is 65 ℃ on bottom leaf that dry-bulb temperature is raised to 65-68 ℃, 68 ℃ on middle and upper part leaf, and banking fire is temperature surely, and wet-bulb temperature is controlled at 42 ℃, ceases fire up to the absolutely dry back of master pulse.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02110188 CN1237916C (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02110188 CN1237916C (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1444879A CN1444879A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
| CN1237916C true CN1237916C (en) | 2006-01-25 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 02110188 Expired - Lifetime CN1237916C (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2002-03-19 | Tree-sections and five-steps type method for flue-curing tobacco leaves |
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| CN101986902B (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2013-08-21 | 湖北省烟草公司襄樊市公司 | Tobacco flue-curing method |
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| CN104013093B (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2015-12-02 | 福建中烟工业有限责任公司 | The baking method of tobacco leaf |
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| CN109288112B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2021-07-20 | 湖南科技大学 | Six-section baking process for tobacco leaves at upper part of Bina I |
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2002
- 2002-03-19 CN CN 02110188 patent/CN1237916C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Owner name: SHANDONG ZHONGYAN INDUSTRY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: QINGZHOU CIGARETTE FACTORY, YIZHONG TOBACCO (GROUP) CORP., LTD. Effective date: 20070706 |
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