CN1237872C - Sex discrimination of mulberry silkworm pod and its silkworm varietly assortive breeding method - Google Patents
Sex discrimination of mulberry silkworm pod and its silkworm varietly assortive breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1237872C CN1237872C CN 03152829 CN03152829A CN1237872C CN 1237872 C CN1237872 C CN 1237872C CN 03152829 CN03152829 CN 03152829 CN 03152829 A CN03152829 A CN 03152829A CN 1237872 C CN1237872 C CN 1237872C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a sex-discriminating method of mulberry silkworm cocoons and a selective breeding method of mulberry silkworm varieties. The present invention uses the methods of 'generation directional selection and breeding', 'hybridization introduction', etc. to modify and selectively breed the mulberry silkworm cocoons into a silkworm variety with fluorescence cocoon color sex-discriminating characteristics under the condition of maintaining the good economic characteristics of the existing silkworm varieties. Male cocoons and female cocoons can be quickly and accurately separated under the irradiation of a fluorescence detection light source, and therefore, the existing technologies of cocoon cutting, pupa discrimination and breeding of alive pupas and cocoons are changed. Breeding cost is reduced, and simultaneously, a new path for separated silk reeling of the female cocoons and the male cocoons is provided. The processing courses of cocoon drying, cocoon cooking and silk reeling become more reasonable, high-grade raw silk can be reeled, and economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of property declared and the silkworm kind thereof of a kind of bombyx mori cocoon, specially refer to the characteristic of utilizing silk cocoon iridescent difference and differentiate the silk cocoon male and female and have the method for the silkworm breeding of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature.
Background technology
At present, female because of carrying out fast the silk cocoon of existing silkworm kind, carry out accurately and efficiently, separately male, therefore, all be that the male and female silk cocoon mixes baking, hodgepodge, mixing filature when filature is produced, can only reel silk from cocoons system male and female composite filament.Because the cocoon layer thickness difference of same kind male and female silk cocoon, the existence of difference such as pupal cell is not of uniform size has brought certain difficulty for the control of silk reeling technology, has influenced the raising of raw silk quality.According to statistics, up to the present also there is not a pair of silk cocoon mixing baking, hodgepodge, mixing and to produce 6A level raw silk under the condition of reel silk from cocoons in enormous quantities in the silkworm kind of China.
Studies show that if the male and female silk cocoon is separated filature, the comparable male and female silk union of reel silk from cocoons system male silk and female silk improves one to two grade; And same silkworm kind male silk is compared with female silk, and it is thin that male silk has more the size of cocoon filament, and cleanliness is excellent, and single cocoon fiber number is opened advantages such as difference is little, and cohesive force is good, and fabric elasticity is good, and fabric silk fabric face is flat very, well-pressed, cunning is glutinous, feel is abundant.For this reason, research and develop out a kind of can be to the accurate method of the property declared of silk cocoon, and cultivate new silkworm variety, thereby realize that the male and female silk cocoon separates filature with the property declared feature, the quality that improves China's raw silk is of great practical significance, and will produces great economic benefit.
As far back as the twenties in 20th century, the Japanese has found that at first bombyx mori cocoon can send the phenomenon of multiple iridescent such as Huang, white, purple, indigo plant under ultraviolet irradiation.Later on domestic and international many scholars have carried out further research to it, find in the female cocoon of some silkworm kinds the high phenomenon of yellow iridescent cocoon ratio in purple iridescent cocoon ratio height, the male cocoon.More domestic researchers are only according to the phenomenon of the purple partially iridescent of female cocoon, the yellow partially iridescent of male cocoon, the seed selection fluorescence cocoon color property declared silkworm kind, as eastern 34 choosings, fluorescence, spring jade, glimmering limit 8417 etc., but owing to be familiar with unclear to the sex inheritance mechanism of declaring of the genetic development of silk cocoon iridescent and the property declared silkworm kind, so, the seed selection cycle of some silkworm kind is long, or there are certain gap in the economic characters of the silkworm kind that selects and existing silkworm kind, therefore, the selected fluorescence property declared kind can not obtain large batch of applying in actual production.
Technical scheme
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of to bombyx mori cocoon can be fast, the method for the property declared and selection accurately and efficiently with silkworm kind of the property declared feature.
The foundation of technical solution of the present invention is the genetic development of tame silk cocoon iridescent and the mechanism of the cocoon iridescent property declared.Referring to accompanying drawing 1, discover, the heredity of cocoon iridescent belongs to the heredity of quantitative character partial sex-linkage, the cocoon iridescent mainly is subjected to additive effect, dominant effect, additivity * additive effect and dominance * dominant effect control, Fx is the sex-linked gene of control cocoon iridescent, have additive effect, quantitative value is bigger than autosome effective gene, and the site of cocoon iridescent makes to belong to overlapping type mutually.The male and female structure of the cocoon iridescent property declared silkworm kind is Z
FxZ
Fx, Z
FxThe W type.。
The method of a kind of bombyx mori cocoon property declared of the present invention is: with wavelength is that the ultraviolet light of 3000～3800 is the fluoroscopic examination light source, be radiated on the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature, the property declared result is respectively the purple fluorescence of female cocoon, the white fluorescence of male cocoon, the white fluorescence of female cocoon, the yellow fluorescence of male cocoon, the purple fluorescence of female cocoon, yellow fluorescence three classes of male cocoon.Described yellow fluorescence comprises deep yellow, true yellow, pale yellow, and it is yellowish-white, pure white, purple white that described white fluorescence comprises, and described purple fluorescence comprises grey violet, purplish red, pure purple, purplish blue.
Breeding method with silkworm kind of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of the present invention is divided into following two kinds of situations:
1. for the no fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature but have the silkworm kind silk cocoon of multiple fluorescence developing, shine with the fluoroscopic examination light source, select respectively have purple, white, three classes of yellow iridescent or two class silk cocoons wherein, adopt " directive breeding from generation to generation " method, cultivate silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature;
2. for the silkworm kind of single fluorescence cocoon color, a kind of hybridization in the silkworm kind that elder generation and employing said method are cultivated with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature, produce F1 after generation, selfing produces F2～F4 generation again, get the wherein silk cocoon of a generation, with the irradiation of fluoroscopic examination light source, select respectively have purple, white, three classes of yellow iridescent or two class silk cocoons wherein, the method that adopts " hybridization imports " and " directive breeding from generation to generation " to combine is cultivated the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature.
Breeding method with silkworm kind of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of the present invention, when it breeds the production of hybrid seeds, the bright cocoon of pupa alive of the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of seed selection success is placed under the fluoroscopic examination light source, that the silk cocoon fluorescence developing is distinguished is female, behind the hero, to sprout wings naturally in the environment that the male and female silk cocoon is placed on that temperature is that 24～25 ℃, humidity are 70～85%, light bright night in daytime is dark, carry out female kind, the manufacturing of breeder's stock, original seed, crossbreed level Four silkworm kind again.
The present invention belongs to the mechanism of quantitative character partial sex-linkage heredity according to the heredity of cocoon iridescent, adopted the selection of " directive breeding from generation to generation ", " hybridization imports ", therefore, be applicable to the property declared seed selection to the good silkworm kind of existing integral economic trait, select the fluorescence cocoon color property declared silkworm kind and have practicality, can be on a large scale, be applicable in large quantity.
Fluoroscopic examination light-source structure provided by the present invention is simple, can accomplish that fast, accurately and efficiently the male and female cocoon separately to former all cocoons, crossbreed silk cocoon, need cut operations such as cocoon, mirror pupa when not only having overcome traditional silkworm egg reproduction, improved the silkworm egg reproduction work efficiency greatly, reduce breeding cost, and the more important thing is that it has started the new way that realizes that the male and female cocoon separates filature, can significantly improve the neat and well spaced degree of raw material cocoon, it is more reasonable to reach cocoon drying, cocoon cooking, each processing technology of filature, thereby improve the grade of reel silk from cocoons system raw silk, produce bigger economic benefit.Also because the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of the present invention, its breeding technology and existing silkworm kind are basic identical, and therefore, this technology is grasped in actual production easily, applied easily in seed station, rural area, be bound to be subjected to silkworm raiser's welcome.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of the present invention is declared the sex inheritance schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the structure diagram of one embodiment of the invention fluoroscopic examination light source;
Fig. 3 is the described flow chart with silkworm breed breeding method of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the described flow chart with silkworm breed breeding method of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature of another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
The structure diagram of the fluoroscopic examination light source that present embodiment adopted is referring to accompanying drawing 2, bombyx mori cocoon fluoroscopic examination light source is selected the ultraviolet source lamp of power 200W, wavelength 3600 for use, the ultraviolet light glass of the same wavelength of uviol lamp light transmission can be radiated on the tested silk cocoon ultraviolet light equably.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, the method of the silkworm breeding that present embodiment provides with the cocoon fluorescence property declared feature, select silkworm kind " Soviet Union " silk cocoon that does not have the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature but have multiple fluorescence developing for use, this silkworm kind silk cocoon is placed under the above-mentioned Ultraluminescence detection light source, and silk cocoon can be divided into multiple iridescent such as Huang, white, purple, indigo plant.Therefrom select the silk cocoon that sends purple, the glimmering coloured light of white, yellow three classes, and it is female to stay hero to go to apparent pale yellow iridescent cocoon, grey violet iridescent cocoon stays female castration, adopts " directive breeding from generation to generation " method, cultivates the silkworm kind that female cocoon grey violet fluorescence, the pale yellow fluorescence class of male cocoon have the cocoon fluorescence property declared feature." Soviet Union " directive breeding is after the third generation from generation to generation, and the pale yellow iridescent property declared of male cocoon rate stablizes 100%, and the female cocoon grey violet iridescent property declared rate stablizes 98～100%, this silkworm kind called after " glimmering Soviet Union ".The Japanese silkworm kind of the seed selection that uses the same method with female cocoon purple, the yellow fluorescent characteristics of male cocoon, this silkworm kind called after " glimmering dawn ".
The bright cocoon of pupa alive of the fluorescence cocoon color property the declared silkworm kind of seed selection success is placed under the above-mentioned bombyx mori cocoon fluorescence detector, difference according to male and female silk cocoon fluorescence developing is separated it (method that does not adopt the bright cocoon of existing pupa alive to cut cocoon mirror pupa), male and female silk cocoon separately is placed on and 24～25 ℃ of temperature, humidity 70～85%, light bright night in daytime allows it sprout wings naturally in the dark environment, carries out female kind, the manufacturing of breeder's stock, original seed, crossbreed level Four silkworm kind.
Raise new varieties " glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn ", the existing silkworm kind " cyanines pine * bright moon " of contrast, result of the test sees Table 1.As can be seen from Table 1, every index of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared silkworm kind " glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn " is close with contrast kind of " cyanines pine * bright moon ", reaches practicability.
" glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn " and existing silkworm kind " Huanghai Sea * Su Chun " contrast, result of the test sees Table 2.As can be seen from Table 2, " glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn " plants in the filature achievement of male silk cocoon, and its fiber number is thin, size mean-square deviation is little, and cleanliness is more than 95 minutes, and indexs such as brute force, tensile stretch, obvolvent all reach the requirement of reel silk from cocoons system 6A level raw silk.
Embodiment two:
For having only single fluorescence cocoon color silkworm kind, with the purple fluorescence of female cocoon, the white fluorescence of male cocoon of the method seed selection of pressing embodiment one; The white fluorescence of female cocoon, the yellow fluorescence of male cocoon; The silkworm kind that the purple fluorescence of female cocoon, yellow fluorescence three classes of male cocoon have the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature is as basic material, with the inter breed crossing of single fluorescence cocoon color silkworm.Referring to accompanying drawing 4, select for use " glimmering Soviet Union " pale yellow fluorescence cocoon male, female with single fluorescence cocoon color silkworm kind " Soviet Union 5 " grey violet iridescent cocoon, hybridization produces F1 generation; F1 produces F2 generation for selfing, select purple, white, yellow three class silk cocoons from F2 respectively generation, get two classes wherein, it is female that pale yellow iridescent cocoon stays hero to go, grey violet iridescent cocoon stays female castration, and the method that adopts " hybridization imports " and " generation directive breeding " to combine is after 11 generations of seed selection to the, the pale yellow iridescent property declared of male cocoon rate stablizes 100%, and the female cocoon grey violet iridescent property declared rate stablizes 97～100%.
The silkworm kind of cultivating by technical solution of the present invention has the yellow fluorescence of male cocoon, the white fluorescence of female cocoon; The yellow fluorescence of male cocoon, the purple fluorescence of female cocoon; The white fluorescence of male cocoon, the characteristic of the purple fluorescence of female cocoon (yellow fluorescence comprises deep yellow, true yellow, pale yellow, white iridescent comprises yellowish-white, pure white, purple white, purple iridescent comprises grey violet, purplish red, pure purple, purplish blue), under the irradiation of fluoroscopic examination light source, can be rapidly, the property declared accurately and efficiently, realize that the male and female silk cocoon separates filature, reel silk from cocoons system high-grade male silk and female silk, and the bright cocoon of the pupa alive that has changed existing silkworm kind is cut the cocoon pupa-detecting and breeding technology, reduce breeding cost, increased economic efficiency, had very wide application prospect.
Table 1 " glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn " and " cyanines pine * bright moon " achievement table of comparisons
| Kind | Open output (Kg) | The rate of getting on the bus (%) | Silk long (M) | Reelability percentage (%) | Fiber number (D) | Size mean-square deviation (D) | Cleanliness (%) | Cleaning (%) | Powerful (gf/D) | Tensile stretch (%) | Obvolvent (inferior) |
| Glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn | 41.95 | 96.63 | 1334 | 69.80 | 2.322 | 0.560 | 95.4 | 98.0 | 3.79 | 19.4 | 108 |
| Cyanines pine * bright moon | 34.69 | 81.66 | 1091 | 71.86 | 2.281 | 0.579 | 94.4 | 96.4 | 4.01 | 19.2 | 105 |
Table 2 " glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn " and " Huanghai Sea * Su Chun " achievement table of comparisons
| Kind | The rate of getting on the bus (%) | Silk long (M) | Reelability percentage (%) | Fiber number (D) | Size mean-square deviation (D) | Silk amount (g) | Cleanliness (%) | Cleaning (%) | Powerful (gf/D) | Tensile stretch (%) | Obvolvent (inferior) |
| The female cocoon of glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn | 92.65 | 1428 | 62.31 | 2.500 | 0.500 | 0.3966 | 95.50 | 97.80 | 3.90 | 19.8 | 101 |
| Glimmering Soviet Union * glimmering dawn male cocoon | 95.18 | 1501 | 62.56 | 2.322 | 0.389 | 0.3872 | 95.80 | 98.40 | 4.08 | 20.0 | 103 |
| The Huanghai Sea * Su Chun | 92.47 | 1194 | 70.14 | 2.605 | 0.498 | 0.3456 | 93.50 | 98.40 | 3.92 | 21.0 | 108 |
Claims (1)
1. breeding method with silkworm kind of the fluorescence cocoon color property declared is characterized in that:
1. for the no fluorescence cocoon color property declared but have the silkworm kind silk cocoon of multiple fluorescence developing, shine with the fluoroscopic examination light source, select have purple, the silk cocoon of white, yellow three class fluorescence or two classes wherein, adopt " directive breeding from generation to generation " method, cultivate silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon property declared feature;
2. for the silkworm kind of single fluorescence cocoon color, a kind of hybridization in the silkworm kind that elder generation and employing said method are cultivated with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature, produce F1 after generation, selfing produces F2～F4 generation, get the wherein silk cocoon of a generation,, select the silk cocoon of purple, white, yellow three class fluorescence or two classes wherein with the irradiation of fluoroscopic examination light source, the method that adopts " hybridization imports " and " directive breeding from generation to generation " to combine is cultivated the silkworm kind with the fluorescence cocoon color property declared feature;
The bright cocoon of pupa alive of the fluorescence cocoon color property the declared silkworm kind of seed selection success is placed under the fluoroscopic examination light source, after the silk cocoon fluorescence developing is distinguished male and female, to sprout wings naturally in the environment that the male and female silk cocoon is placed on that temperature is that 24～25 ℃, humidity are 70～85%, light bright night in daytime is dark, carry out female kind, the manufacturing of breeder's stock, original seed, crossbreed higher level silkworm kind again.
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| CN101427668B (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-06-01 | 江苏科技大学 | Breeding method for densovirus disease resistant and fluorine resistant cultivated silkworm breed variety |
| CN101427667B (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2011-12-07 | 江苏科技大学 | Breeding method for cultivated silkworm breed variety of fluorine resistant larva and non-palea perfect insect wing |
| CN102590482B (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2014-09-17 | 苏州大学 | Method for identifying male silk of mulberry silkworm |
| CN102986602B (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-05-14 | 苏州大学 | Method for cultivating natural green cocoon silkworm variety |
| CN106964565B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2019-04-19 | 中国计量大学 | Full-automatic male and female silkworm chrysalis method for separating |
| CN106944369B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2023-03-14 | 中国计量大学 | Full-automatic female and male silkworm cocoon sorting machine |
| CN108522437B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2020-10-02 | 杭州蚕鱼科技有限公司 | Full-automatic male and female silkworm cocoon sorting unit |
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