CN1237867C - Method of plant breeding under imitated space environment on ground - Google Patents
Method of plant breeding under imitated space environment on ground Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a plant breeding method by utilizing simulated space environment on ground. A plant seed or an isolated culture to be treated can be placed in simulated space environment; after proper period treatment, planting, breeding or culture are carried out for the plant seed or the isolated culture. The plant includes grain crops, vegetables and flowers. The method provides a new path for developing mutation breeding by utilizing simulated space environment on ground and making variety improvement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize space environmental simulation to influence the method for the biological heredity effect of plant, particularly carry out plant breeding method at ground simulation space environment processing plant seed and isolated culture.
Background technology
Scientific experiment proves that the spatial synthesis environmental factor has the intense influence effect to the physiology and the genetic character of plant seed.The earth's magnetic field effect especially shields the space environmental simulation biological effect in earth's magnetic field, is the important environmental factor of vital movement.In recent years, along with science and technology development and human exploitation to space resources, utilize new mutagen to carry plant seed as adopting aerostat and retrievable satellite, carry out space mutagenesis and handle, become a kind of effective mutation breeding technology, as (Gu Ruiqi etc.Space flight is to the growth of wheat seed and the influence of cytology characteristic.Plant physiology newspaper of science, 1989,15 (4): 403～407; Wang Cailian etc.Space environmental simulation is to the cytological Effect research of paddy rice.The nuclear agricultural science newspaper, 1998,12 (5): 269～273).
Though (Mao Weihai, magnetic field is to the biological effect and the application study progress wheat crops thereof of wheat, 1997,1:51～53 to do many researchs existing people aspect the biological effect research of artificial magnetic field (having the earth's magnetic field simultaneously) processing crop seeds.), but do not carry out the biological effect research of space environmental simulation as yet to plant.
But it is big to carry out the space breeding investment, the specification requirement height, and chance is very limited.Therefore, explore the research work of ground simulation space environment factor, significant for the announcement and the Breeding Application of space mutagenesis mechanism.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is to utilize zero magnetic field, ground simulation space to handle plant seed and isolated culture, and for carrying out the mutation breeding of ground simulation space environment, carrying out breed improvement provides a kind of new method.
Concrete operation method is: place space environmental simulation (MF) to handle pending plant seed or isolated culture earlier, plant seed selection or cultivation after the suitable cycle.
Described space environmental simulation is for adopting magnetic shielding device, and its magnetic strength is≤20nT.
Describedly place space environmental simulation (MF) to handle at room temperature to carry out.
Described plant comprises cereal crops (as wheat, barley, paddy rice, corn), vegetables (as celery, rape), flowers (as going here and there red and little beautiful flower).
Described isolated culture is a flower pesticide.
The described suitable cycle is 〉=180 days.
The present invention adopts the materials such as tissue in the plant seed of different genotype and the state dedifferentiation process that exsomatizes, intending space environment through the different time modulus of periodicity handles, lab analysis and field planting test combine, by following the tracks of from generation to generation and the comparative analysis method, the biological heredity effect feature that discloses space environmental simulation processing plant is as follows;
(1) space environmental simulation is handled the biological effect of plant seed
A. through test in 3 years select wheat, barley, paddy rice, corn, celery, rape altogether for use, string is red and the seed of 8 plant species such as little beautiful flower carries out space environmental simulation (MF) and handles, find that the space environmental simulation processing has and gamma-ray irradiation is handled significantly different biological effect, and different plant seed is to the susceptibility difference of space environmental simulation processing.Be embodied in: wheat, barley, string is red and plant seed such as little beautiful flower is handled comparatively responsive to MF, when processing cycle (Tmf) during greater than 180 days, the sprouting and the growth of seedling that obviously suppress seed, but there is not tangible dose effect in this inhibitory action, does not promptly strengthen along with the growth in processing time; Paddy rice then shows certain stimulating growth effect; Plant seeds such as corn, celery, rape are then slow in reacting, no tangible biological damage feature in selected test material scope.
B. the seed to 3 wheat breeds carries out MF processing in 180 days, 250Gy gamma-rays, 250Gy gamma-rays+180 day MF processing respectively, carrying out biological effect with contrast (CK) relatively analyzes, PRELIMINARY RESULTS shows, suppressing damage (height of seedling reduction) value with seedling is index, and damage effect shows as γ+MF＞γ＞MF＞CK.It is significantly different with gamma-rays processing damage characteristic that MF handles, the MF seedling show as true leaf shorten, wide, thick, the blunt circle of blade tip, the leaf look dark green; And gamma-rays handle the seedling true leaf shorten, narrow, the leaf look light green.These morphological differences are confirmed on peroxidase isozyme equally, and promptly the zymogram of different disposal and enzymic activity there are differences.
C. the suitable period T mf of space environmental simulation processing of the many years preliminary crop seeds of determining such as wheat of test is greater than 180 days.
(2) space environmental simulation is handled the influence of plant to the plant genetic proterties
A. discover that wheat seed handles through space environmental simulation, in the 1st generation,, (MF1) was at plant height, spike length, the aberration rate of economical character such as spikelet number and grain number per spike is apparently higher than contrast, variation amplitude is 3.33%-56.25%: the contemporary plant strain growth that space environmental simulation is handled the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed has no significant effect, but MF2 is abundant for variation type, precocious type mutation frequency is higher relatively, the most precocious variance ratio contrast heading in early 10 days, fertility is separated also bigger, each class separability size is followed successively by: precocity＞fertility＞plant height＞fringe type＞grain type, and elected variation type individual plant offspring is stable fast; Red and the little beautiful flower seeds of the string that space environmental simulation is handled etc. the present age promptly occurs variant at MF1, go here and there red, the special-shaped little beautiful flower of petal etc. as " spending in vain ".B. studied the influence that additional space environmental simulation (MF) processing is trained effect to the wheat flower in the wheat anther incubation.The result shows that on callus induction rate, room temperature MF handles (6.9%) apparently higher than room temperature background contrast (4.0%), illustrates that the space environmental simulation processing has certain spread effect to wheat androgenesis and the final healing cell group that forms; Aspect the green seedling differentiation of callus, MF handles (17.7%) and is significantly higher than background contrast (10.9%) and normal cultivation contrast (12.0%), and the albefaction seedling produces frequency, MF handles (7.8%) and significantly is lower than background contrast (14.0%) and normal cultivation contrast (21.0%), illustrates that MF handles the pick-up rate that helps lend some impetus to high-quality callus and green seedling thereof.
The phenotypic variation coefficient of c.MF processing flower training the 1st generation (H1) pollen plant on plant height, number of productive ear, spike length and spikelet number all is higher than the capital to be spent No. 1 seedling and normally cultivates pollen plant and background contrast pollen plant, handles H1 at MF and makes a variation for the short bar that upper frequency occurred and many fringes.Explanation additional MF in wheat anther is cultivated handles, and can bring out the variation of some economical character.In the wheat flower training H2 generation that MF handles, the sudden change of certain frequency all takes place on 4 economical characters being investigated, and on total mutation rate, MF handles (3.8%) and is significantly higher than room temperature background contrast (1.2%) and normal cultivate (0.8%).Mainly show as sudden changes such as many on short bar, big fringe in the useful sudden change that MF handles.The MF0353-1 mutating strain series that zero magnetic treatment obtains, average plant height is 78cm, spends the short 12cm of wheat No. 1 than the capital, grain number per spike is brought up to 43 by 35.Because H2 sudden change derives from H1 doubled haploid plant offspring, thus H2 generation the mutantion line be selected in theory its genetic background be tending towards isozygotying, in H3 generation, can be directly used in strain system and identify that this comparable traditional radiaction mutation program shortens 1-2.
(3) space environmental simulation is handled the mechanism of action that causes the plant trait variation
A. cytology is seen and to be tabled look-up brightly, and the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed is after space environmental simulation is handled, and the root-tip cells chromosome aberrations rate is handled distortion type based on chromosome bridge and micronucleus apparently higher than untreated contrast but be lower than gamma-ray irradiation; Wheat MF handles with contrast seedling leaves electron microscopyc sample preparation and observes discovery, and MF seedling leaves surface pores is arranged messy, and pore is extruded distortion, and the chloroplast shape also changes.Show the deep variation of space environmental simulation processing can causing cell division behavior and organelle structure and distribution.
B. biochemical and molecular biological analysis shows that space environmental simulation is handled the caused morphological differences of seed and is confirmed on peroxidase isozyme, the zymogram and the enzymic activity of different disposal there are differences; MF is handled 3 mutant materials and its parent that obtain carried out preliminary SSR Molecular Detection analysis, the Xgwm82 in the primer that sieves, 102,153,169,192,213,332,469,538 is variant between mutant and parent, and the ratio that discloses difference is 6.0%.The sudden change of space environmental simulation processing really can causing gene loci is described.
The influence of space environmental simulation to the plant genetic characteristic that the present invention is preliminary clear and definite for the developing plant breeding provides new method, has a good application prospect at aspects such as plant breeding improvement and space life science researchs.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1 space environmental simulation is handled wheat seeds sprouting and growth of seedling experiment
1 material and method
1.1 for the examination material
Wheat Triticum aestivum L. kind Y1225, Y1221, (JH1) spent in R344 and capital No. 1.
1.2 test method
Y1225, each 200 dry seed of the every kind of Y1221 and R344 after room temperature simulation space environment (MF) is handled 216 days, are done indoor germination test simultaneously with undressed contrast under 21 ℃ of constant temperatures, and each handles 100, twice repetition.Investigation statistics vigor, germination rate and the height of seedling after 10 days and root are long.
Large-scale 26 the body magnetic shielding devices of space environmental simulation for adopting double-deck magnet shielding structure and coil compensation way to combine, its diameter 2.3m, magnetic strength≤20nT is 4 * 10 of earth magnetic intensity
-4
Get the young fringe that No. 1 wheat monokaryon middle and advanced stage is spent in the capital,,, under the aseptic condition flower pesticide is seeded in additional 2mg/L 2, the C of 4-D and 0.5mg/L with 0.1% mercuric chloride surface sterilization at 4 ℃ of following preliminary treatment 24h
17On the medium, establish room temperature simulation space environment (MF), room temperature background contrast (CK respectively
0) and 28 ℃ of normal cultivation (CK) three kinds of processing, after cultivating 40 days, the darkroom changes differentiation, and differential medium is additional 1mg/l KT of MS and 1mg/l NAA.The differentiation culture of three kinds of processing all places 24 ℃ of-26 ℃ of culturing room, illumination every day 12h.
H
1Seville orange flower powder plantlet of transplant land for growing field crops is adopted systematic arrangement, and is planted seedling simultaneously.H
1For individual plant results, single fringe threshing.H
2In generation, pressed the head progeny row plantation, once repeats the long 2m of row, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 5cm.Field investigation record Other Main Agronomic Characters, the results indoor species test in back is by exceeding seedling m ± 2Sd statistics economical character variation frequency.
2 results and discussion
2.1 space environmental simulation is handled the influence to seed germination and growth of seedling
When the dry seeds of wheat breed was handled below 180 days through space environmental simulation, seed germination and growth of seedling were not subjected to obvious influence.Table 1 has been listed 3 the germination test results of wheat breed after space environmental simulation is handled 216 days.As can be seen, the processed group of Wheat Cultivars (MF) compares with corresponding control group (CK), vigor after 3 days and the performance of the germination rate after 7 days utmost point significant difference, the damage effect of vigor illustrate that all more than 90% space environmental simulation processing seed obviously suppresses seed germination.
Table 1 space environmental simulation is handled the influence to wheat seeds sprouting and growth of seedling
| Kind | Handle | Germination vigor %) | Germination rate %) | Height of seedling (cm) | Root long (cm) |
| Y1225 Y1221 R344 | MF CK MF CK MF CK | 9 ** 93 7 ** 91 7 ** 92 | 70 ** 95 47 ** 92 67 ** 94 | 5.01±0.92 ** 11.84±0.94 3.07±0.46 ** 11.68±0.96 5.07±1.75 ** 14.30±0.88 | 8.06±1.54 ** 10.45±1.46 5.22±1.26 ** 9.44±1.21 5.50±1.76 ** 11.45±1.05 |
*Be illustrated in that there were significant differences on 0.01 level.
It is long that space environmental simulation is handled the height of seedling and the root that obviously suppress wheat seedling.The wheat height of seedling of magnetic treatment in 216 days zero causes short damage effect all more than 50%.The morphological feature of the wheat seedling that space environmental simulation is handled is outstanding show as true leaf shorten, wide, thick, the blunt garden of blade tip, the leaf look dark green.Illustrate that space environmental simulation has tangible mutagenesis to wheat seed, and might become and a kind ofly be different from gamma-ray new physical mutagen and be applied to wheat breed improvement.
The space environmental simulation processing that 2 pairs of wheat anther callus of embodiment are induced and broken up
For trying material and test method with embodiment 1.
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 space environmental simulation is handled and is spent No. 1 wheat anther callus to induce the effect of breaking up with green seedling to the capital
| Handle | Inoculation flower pesticide number | Go out more number | Healing rate (%) | Green seedling number | Seedling greening-rate (%) | The Bai Miao number | Bai Miao leads (%) |
| 1998 MF CK 0 CK 1999 MF CK 0The average MF CK of CK 0 CK | 4400 2200 2300 4600 2000 2100 4500 2100 2200 | 258 72 149 361 93 199 310 83 174 | 5.9 3.3 6.5 7.9 4.7 9.5 6.9 4.0 8.0 | 69 6 26 31 12 13 50 9 19 | 27.0 8.3 18.0 8.6 14.0 6.5 18.0 12.0 11.0 | - - - 28 13 42 - - - | - - - 7.8 14.0 21.1 - - - |
From table, can find out that different external environment factors has different influences to inducing with breaking up of wheat anther callus.On callus induction rate, the room temperature simulation space environment is handled (6.9%) though contrast (8.0%) not as good as normal the cultivation, apparently higher than room temperature background contrast (4.0%).
Aspect the green seedling differentiation of callus, space environmental simulation is handled (17.7%) and is significantly higher than background contrast (10.9%) and normal cultivation contrast (12.0%); And the albefaction seedling produces frequency, and space environmental simulation is handled (7.8%) and then significantly is lower than background contrast (14.0%) and normal cultivation contrast (21.0%),
Conclusion: space environmental simulation is handled can stimulate wheat androgenesis and finally form healing cell group, and helps to increase the pick-up rate of high-quality callus and green seedling thereof.
The wheat flower training H that embodiment 3 space environmental simulations are handled
1Generation, H
2For the economical character research experiment
For trying material and test method with embodiment 1.
The results are shown in Table 3, table 4.
Table 3 space environmental simulation is handled wheat flower training H is spent in the capital No. 1
1Influence for economical character
| Handle | Plant height (cm) | Number of productive ear | Spike length (cm) | Spikelet number | ||||
| M±S | CV ％ | M±S | CV ％ | M±S | CV ％ | M±S | CV ％ | |
| MF CK 0CK JH1 seedling | 82.5±11.5 86.5±5.0 84.3±4.9 88.6±3.9 | 14.0 5.7 5.9 4.4 | 8.7±6.4 9.5±0.7 3.5±1.3 7.4±3.1 | 73.4 7.4 36.9 41.4 | 7.9±1.0 7.5±0.7 7.5±0.4 8.3±0.3 | 12.2 9.4 5.6 3.1 | 21.6±2.0 23.0±2.8 23.0±1.4 19.1±0.9 | 9.3 12.3 6.2 4.7 |
The phenotypic variation coefficient of space environmental simulation processing plant on plant height, number of productive ear, spike length and spikelet number all is higher than the capital to be spent No. 1 seedling and normally cultivates pollen plant and background contrast pollen plant, handles H at space environmental simulation
1The short bar and the variation of many fringes of upper frequency appearred in generation.Explanation additional space environmental simulation in wheat anther is cultivated is handled, and not only helps inducing and breaking up of callus, but also may bring out the variation of some economical character.
Table 4 has been listed the wheat flower training H that space environmental simulation is handled
2In generation,, 4 economical characters were spent the variation frequency of No. 1 seedling based on the capital.Result of the test shows, spends No. 1 seedling colony to compare with the capital, space environmental simulation, the contrast of room temperature background and the H that normally cultivates the acquisition of three kinds of flower training processing methods
2The sudden change of certain frequency all takes place in generation on 4 economical characters being investigated, and on total mutation rate, space environmental simulation is handled (3.8%) and is significantly higher than room temperature background contrast (1.2%) and normal cultivate (0.8%).Mainly show as sudden changes such as many on short bar, big fringe in the useful sudden change that space environmental simulation is handled.For example, the MF0353-1 mutating strain series that zero magnetic treatment obtains, average plant height is 78cm, spends the short 12cm of wheat No. 1 than the capital, grain number per spike is brought up to 43 by 35.Except the maturing stage is spent No. 1 late 3-4 of wheat beyond the highest heavens than the capital, the comprehensive agronomy The Characters of MF0353-1 mutantion line obviously is better than the capital and spends wheat No. 1.Because H
2Sudden change derives from H
1Doubled haploid plant offspring, so H
2Generation the mutantion line be selected in theory its genetic background be tending towards isozygotying H
3In generation, can be directly used in strain system and identify, this comparable traditional radiaction mutation program shortens 1-2.
Wheat flower training H is spent in the capital that table 4 space environmental simulation is handled No. 1
2Variation frequency (%) for economical character
| Handle | Investigation strain number | Plant height (cm) | Number of productive ear | Grain number per spike | Single plant yield (g) | Total mutation rate | ||||
| High | Short | Many | Few | Many | Few | High | Low | |||
| MF CK 0 CK | 1040 526 650 | 0.2 0.1 0 | 1.6 0.3 0.3 | 0.2 0.1 0.2 | 0.1 0 0 | 0.6 0 0 | 00.2 00.5 0.1 | 0.6 0.2 0.2 | 0.3 0 0 | 3.8 1.2 0.8 |
Conclusion: space environmental simulation is handled and is applied to the wheat anther cultivation, can increase the anther culture descendant variation type, for breeding is selected to provide to enrich hereditary basis.
The cytological observation of embodiment 3 space environmental simulation Rice seeds treated and economical character investigation experiment
This experiment utilizes space environmental simulation to handle dry seeds, and makes comparisons with r x ray irradiation x and ground contrast, inquires into its cytology and biological effect, provides experimental basis for carrying out the mutation breeding of paddy rice space environmental simulation.
Material: select that new rice variety (being) is land-reclaimable 58 for use, group spoke round-grained rice, excellent spoke round-grained rice, 9522 and F
1Crossbreed 9705 and XZ9216 No. 1, prominent 9216//XZ Xian (horse hair sticking /) wait each 3 parts of the dry seedses of 6 materials, and 1 part is used for the space environmental simulation processing, 1 part without any processing and 1 part through Co
60The r-x ray irradiation x is handled as the biconjugate photograph, handles material and carries out field planting with contrast.
Method:
1 space environmental simulation is handled
Large-scale 26 the body magnetic shielding devices that adopt double-deck magnet shielding structure and coil compensation way to combine, its diameter is 2.3M, magnetic strength＜20nT is an earth magnetic intensity 4 * 10
-4The processing cycle is 1 year.
.2 r x ray irradiation x
Co
60The irradiation dose of r-x ray irradiation x material is 300gy, and dose rate is 30Gy/min.
3 cytological observation
Rice paddy seed places and carries out presoaking and germinating under 26 ± 1 ℃, gets tip of a root meristematic cell through the microexamination of brazilwood extract dyeing compressing tablet.Each is handled and observes 30 tips of a root, and each tip of a root is observed more than 100 mitotic cell, carries out analytic statistics by the chromosome structure variation type.
The investigation of 4 economical characters
Potentiality of seed, germination rate, height of seedling, plant height observation survey and analytic statistics have been carried out.
The result
The influence of 1 pair of chromosome structure
The LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed is after space environmental simulation is handled, no matter be kind, stablize strain or hybridized for 1 generation, the root-tip cells chromosome aberrations rate is all apparently higher than untreated contrast (table 5, table 6), but is lower than radiation treatment.Wherein 9705 and two F of XZ9216
1Mitotic cell chromosome aberration frequency to be higher than kind or stable strains (table 5) such as land-reclaimable 58, group spoke round-grained rice.This shows hybrid F
1The susceptibility that space environmental simulation is handled is than kind or stable strain height.Measure through t, the kind of all processing (strain) all reaches significance level (seeing Table 6) compared with the control.Space environmental simulation is handled to handle with the r ray and is compared, and chromosome aberration cell frequency also reaches significance level, illustrate radiation to the effect of chromosome aberration greater than space environmental simulation.
Table 5 space environmental simulation is handled the influence that rice cell is learned
| Kind (being) | Rate of cell with chromosome aberration (%) | Mitotic index (%) | ||||
| Land-reclaimable 58 9522 groups of excellent spoke round-grained rice 9705 XZ9216 of spoke round-grained rice | MF 1.02±0.79 1.15±0.18 0.98±0.74 1.01±0.10 1.08±0.21 1.26±0.19 | γ 1.12±0.11 1.24±0.22 1.65±0.16 1.32±0.16 1.12±0.14 1.64±0.21 | CK 0.21±0.07 0.19±0.11 0.21±0.13 0.13±0.07 0.17±0.09 0.16±0.08 | MF 14.32±1.52 15.33±1.16 15.71±1.48 17.03±1.18 17.11±1.34 16.64±1.22 | γ 11.25±0.32 11.71±1.52 12.12±1.36 12.16±1.17 10.61±1.27 10.07±1.09 | CK 13.8±1.08 14.46±1.51 15.01±1.51 15.25±0.97 15.23±1.49 15.09±1.12 |
From the chromosome aberration type, the chromosome bridge that space environmental simulation is handled and micronucleus are higher than irradiation treatment; The chromosome fragment of irradiation treatment and the ratio of laggard,lagging chromosome are handled greater than space environmental simulation.In mitotic cell, there is the frequency of Duo Qiao, many micronucleus higher in the mitotic cell through observing of irradiation treatment, and along with dosage increases chromosome Duo Qiao, many micronucleus quantity increases.Space environmental simulation is handled chromosome bridge and the many phenomenons of micronucleus cause, may be because cell long-period is among the mutagenic treatment environment, and chromosome fragment can not in time carry out self repairing and causes.
The cytological effect that table 6 space environmental simulation is handled and the t of r-ray and untreated control measure
| Kind (being) | The t value of cell chromosome distortion | Mitotic index t measures | ||
| MF+γ | MF+CK | MF+γ | MF+CK | |
| Land-reclaimable 58 9522 | 0.9243 1.1021 | 5.7624 ** 5.2115 ** | 3.579 ** 5.6031 ** | 1.1094 2.9119 * |
| Excellent spoke round-grained rice 9705 XZ9216 of group spoke round-grained rice | 1.9842 1.7761 2.2013 * 3.202 ** | 5.4180 ** 5.2171 ** 4.582 ** 4.6261 ** | 4.9024 ** 4.003 ** 6.114 ** 6.2014 ** | 0.3379 0.4265 3.9423 ** 4.001 ** |
The biological effect in 2 pairs of rice paddy seed present age
Measured and analyzed the biological effect that space environmental simulation mutagenic treatment LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed is grown germination rate, planting percent, height of seedling, the root in the present age, find that space environmental simulation handles behind the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed without any inhibitory action, opposite its seed germination rate, planting percent, height of seedling are all compared according to slightly high, the long comparison of root is according to long, after showing that space environmental simulation is handled the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed, there is not tangible biology damage effect (table 7) in its seedling growth.
Table 7 space environmental simulation is handled the influence to paddy rice germination rate in the present age, survival rate, height of seedling and ripening rate
| Kind (being) | Germination rate (%) | Deposit seedling rate (%) | Height of seedling (cm) | Ripening rate (%) |
| The excellent spoke round-grained rice of land-reclaimable 58 MF γ CK, 9522 MF γ CK group spoke round-grained rice MF γ CK MF γ CK 9705 MF γ CK XZ9216 MF γ CK | 96.4 88.3 96.1 95.2 88.4 94.6 96.4 85.7 95.8 97.1 89.5 96.9 95.4 87.9 95.2 95.7 88.5 95.3 | 95.9 84.5 95.2 95.6 83.9 95.5 96.1 82.6 95.8 97.5 84.3 96.1 96.5 83.4 96.1 96.6 82.7 96.4 | 22.4 19.8 21.6 21.6 19.2 20.8 22.1 19.6 21.9 21.7 19.4 21.8 22.5 20.1 22.2 21.9 19.7 20.8 | 92.4 81.2 92.3 93.4 82.6 93.3 92.5 82.4 92.5 94.6 83.4 94.7 92.7 80.9 92.5 69.2 74.4 90.1 |
3 pairs of influences that the rice paddy seed offspring separates
Space environmental simulation is handled contemporary plant strain growth to the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed without any influence, and the aspect ratio contrast is slightly high.The rich variations type has appearred in the 2nd generation, comprises the variation of types such as precocity, fringe type.Especially precocity and fertility variation, the most precocious variance ratio contrast heading in early 10 days, all processed paddy rice materials all have comparison according to the sudden change individual plant of 2～3d of early earing, but minority plant heading comparison are also arranged according to slow 3～7d.This test shows that it is feasible utilizing space environmental simulation to bring out the eary maturity of rice sudden change.Separate aspect the difference in fertility, the ripening rate magnitude of separation is bigger, and mostly between 80%～90%, but wherein XZ9216 has 1 strain ripening rate to be lower than 2%.From the frequency that variation type occurs, each class separability size is followed successively by: precocity＞fertility＞plant height＞fringe type＞grain type.
.4 mutant character genetic stability
Variation proterties such as the precocity that filters out the 2nd generation from mutagenic treatment, fertility are stable, and can breeding true to following generation.Except that plant height sudden change has in the 3rd generation indivedual individual plants slightly short type separates, variation economical characters such as precocity, fertility, fringe type, grain type are all found further separation.In the 3rd generation, filtered out 26 precocious individual plants, 32 in vain little, transparent individual plants of rice matter of outward appearance chalk, 11 plant type ideals, output height, the individual plant that the fringe type is good, also have the 97-1c-62 mutating strain series of comparison according to the 10d of early earing, thousand kernel weight 27.2 grams, spike length 17.8cm, several 111 of real grain, average plant height 99.4cm, comparison is according to high 1cm; These variation individual plants or strain system have kept former parent's economical character substantially.Filter out 1 sterile mutant strain and purify through 7 generations and backcross and test cross from XZ9216, transformation becomes the new indica type hybrid combination of sweet-smelling, high-quality, precocious three series mating, enters that small size is planted experimentally and determination of yield.
Conclusion
That the paddy rice root tip cell chromosome aberration rate of handling through space environmental simulation is carried than satellite or that other physical factors are handled is low, various cell chromosome distortion type quantity what also with steric requirements handle variant.Chromosome bridge that space environmental simulation is handled and micronucleus aberration rate are higher than other types distortion frequency.
It is little to the physiological damage degree in seedling stage in the present age that space environmental simulation is handled the LIPIDS OF DRY RICE EMBRYO seed, and the 2nd generation and rich variations appears, wherein comparatively obvious with precocity.Elected precocity and sterile mutant strain are not changing heredity stably under other economical character prerequisites, and can directly or indirectly be used for breeding, illustrate that space environmental simulation mutagenic treatment technology has potential value in the new rice variety improvement.
From processed rice material, conventional hybridization F
1After space environmental simulation was handled, all kinds of variations of appearance were the abundantest.Precocious mutant strain is than Zao 10d at parent's heading stage, the continuous 3 generations maintenance of sterile mutant strain genetic stability.It is even more ideal that this explanation utilizes hybrid material to be used as the mutagenesis parent.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of plant breeding method is characterized in that placing space environmental simulation to handle pending plant seed or isolated culture earlier, planted seed selection or cultivation through 〉=180 days; Described space environmental simulation is for adopting magnetic shielding device, and its magnetic strength is≤20nT.
2, plant breeding method according to claim 1 describedly places space environmental simulation to handle at room temperature to carry out.
3, plant breeding method according to claim 1, described plant comprises cereal crops, vegetables and flowers.
4, plant breeding method according to claim 1, described isolated culture is a flower pesticide.
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