CN1232611C - Process for production of liquid fuels from biomass - Google Patents

Process for production of liquid fuels from biomass Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1232611C
CN1232611C CNB018182895A CN01818289A CN1232611C CN 1232611 C CN1232611 C CN 1232611C CN B018182895 A CNB018182895 A CN B018182895A CN 01818289 A CN01818289 A CN 01818289A CN 1232611 C CN1232611 C CN 1232611C
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biomass
feed
water
reactions steps
reaction mixture
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CN1473188A (en
Inventor
L·范德贝尔德
F·R·贝雷费恩
G·M·波斯
F·古德里安
J·E·纳伯
J·A·泽瓦尔金克
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO
Biofuel BV
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Biofuel BV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4006—Temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
    • C10G2300/4012—Pressure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Abstract

Process for continuously producing a pulp biomass, comprising subjecting a biomass containing feed to a treatment which comprises bringing the feed to a pressure of 100-250 bar, keeping the pressurised feed subsequently or concomitantly at a temperature not exceeding 280 DEG C. over a period of up to 60 minutes, thereby obtaining a pulp and optionally subjecting the pulp to a reaction step in which the pulp is heated over a period of up to 60 minutes to a temperature exceeding 280 DEG C. resulting in the continuous production of a hydrocarbon product having an enhanced energy density from biomass.

Description

Method with producing liquid fuel using biomass
The present invention relates to method with the carbon containing hydrogen production of biomass continuous production energy density raising.
People have extensive interest to producing energy with the resource outside the mineral fuel.Use economic substitute energy when reducing environmental pollution that common use mineral fuel cause and becoming very high for the price in fuel oil or combustion gas resource exhaustion or fuel oil or combustion gas resource, people do a lot of work to the method for producing energy with the so-called low energy resource or the low-grade fuel of for example industry, city and agricultural waste and/or residue.If can use low energy Energy production energy, these methods not only help environment protection, and help providing cheap energy generation means in the area that lacks the reliable means of transportation of the long distance of ordinary fossil fuel resource or shortage.The certification of carriage expense that these areas can be remote districts or low developed area and ordinary fossil fuel is very high or invalid.
In WO95/14850 and the described method of WO96/41070, reclaim the energy in the waste materials containing carbon, solids content is about the slurry of the particle of 5wt.% in small-particle, the generation water, then this slurry is added the pressure handle great majority is subjected to the oxygen of chemical restraint to convert carbonic acid gas to for this waste materials containing carbon is ground into, and causes most of carbon to be burnt.Make slurry with particle once more after isolating scorched particle, generate the slurry that scorched particle content is about 55wt.% (weight percent).Slurry and air reaction that this contains scorched particle make particle convert to can be used for the heat energy of multiple occasion.
EP-A 0 204 354 has illustrated a kind of method that contains hydrocarbon liquid with biomass production.In this patent, biomass preferably in pelletized form, its granularity makes particle can pass through the 5mm sieve.Granular biomass water is 1 to 1 to 20 to 1 to make slurry with water and biomass ratio.This slurry is imported in the reaction chamber from 90 * 10 5Pa brings up to 300 * 10 5Temperature with 300～370 ℃ under the pressure of Pa heats more than 30 seconds.Obtain the residue oxygen level less than containing of 20wt.% of hydrocarbon liquid product (' raw material ') through separation with after separating out step.
In view of to further exploitation more the energy generation method of environmental protection and the continual interest of more effective use natural resources, need to improve current known energy generation method.
The reliability instability that known method is these methods as a shortcoming of method as described in the EP-A 0 204 354.As using these methods with low-energy fuel production energy on a large scale or in the low developed area, the reliability of these methods becomes a key issue concerning economic feasibility.
Therefore must provide than the more reliable operational condition of EP-A 0 204 354 described methods, make that the operation of this method is more economical.In addition, in order to improve the thermo-efficiency of this method, need to reduce the ratio of water and biomass.
Therefore, one of purpose of the present invention is that above-mentioned technology is made improvements or overcomes shortcoming of the prior art.
Another object of the present invention is a kind ofly to generate the product that energy density improves with biomass, thus this product can be directly with generating energy or through further being treated as the carbon containing hydrogen production that is preferably liquid.Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method that is preferably continuation method of the carbon containing hydrogen production that is preferably liquid carbon containing hydrogen production of production energy density raising.Another object of the present invention is to improve a kind of like this method, in the method, can hang down water and biomass ratio and handle feed.In addition, an object of the present invention is to improve biomass convert to for example hydrocarbon product that energy density improves product overall thermal efficiency and allow that the biomass feed has change.
Have been found that now and use particular step and ad hoc approach condition to convert biomass to slurry that energy density improves.This slurry can also be convertible into the liquid carbon hydrogen production for example as a kind of intermediates in the energy generation.Have been found that equally and use particular step and/or ad hoc approach condition can improve method with biomass continuous production liquid carbon hydrogen production, the output of this method improves and/or total (heat) efficient improves.Should see that the inventive method allows further optimizing and do not depart from creative notion of the present invention.
Therefore the present invention relates to a kind of method, comprising with biomass continuous production slurry: first step, in this first step, the moisture feed that contains biomass to be handled, this processing comprises this feed is pressurized to 100～250bar; Second step in this second step, keeps this pressurization feed more than 60 minutes being no more than under 280 ℃ of temperature, thereby forms a slurry, and wherein first and second steps can successively carry out also can carrying out simultaneously.
The inventive method forms slurry with biomass.Form in the method for slurry in this pressurization steps and/or heating feed, we find but are not limited to this discovery, the structure reduction of biomass.Macromolecular size in the feed reduces and/or crosslinked quantity reduces.Definitely say, macromole such as for example cellulose polymer compound, cellulosic polymer etc. in the feed and/or paradigmatic structure degrade greatly or at least size reduce.Fibrous texture softens and the gained mixture roughly is in a liquid state and be convenient to transportation.How solvable composition dissolves and can be used in other parts of this method.
Comprise that first processing that feed is pressurizeed needn't separately prepare slurry with biomass before first handles.
In the application's book, the term slurry is defined as a kind of fluid materials, comprises that wherein diffusion has the continuous liquid phase of granular solids phase.Solids in the slurry can precipitate as not taking special measure to stablize this slurry.
Use the inventive method, feed directly is subjected to operation pressure, is heated then or simultaneously.This step need not to use the independent slurry program of making that must be regulated according to the biomass type commonly known in the art.Thereby can use various biomass source.For example, a kind ofly contain solids but do not have the biomass (wherein liquid phase owing to roughly absorb and discontinuous biomass) of continuous liquid phase can be very suitable for being handled basically according to the present invention by solid material.
These biomass can obtain directly to supply with in this technology after required water and the biomass ratio by adding water.Thereby make that operation is more reliable.
The weight ratio scope of water and biomass is 50～0.5, preferably less than 20.Preferable range is 15～2, more preferably 10～2.5.Suitable biomass source is for using industry or municipal waste through biomass/water mixture aerobic or that anaerobically fermenting is handled, and the ratio of water and biomass is 4～5.Even do not add water in addition, also can make water and biomass proportional range is 1～4 for example sugar beet, grass and city and the agricultural waste of domestic biological waste material.Can make water and biomass ratio is 3 wood fragments.Under this ratio, the water of capacity is arranged generally in the space between the wood chip.In fact, can use the biomass of any kind, as long as the size of particle makes feed can use pumping under the situation of granulated material.The suitable size of particle is 5～15mm, and mean size is preferably 7～15mm, more preferably 10～15mm.The lower limit of size of particles depends mainly on the fringe cost that reduces the required cost of size of particles, and the upper limit is decided by for example size of the conveyer subsequently of pipeline.
The water of raising water and biomass initial proportion is preferably the recirculated water in this technology itself.Preferably, this water and biomass ratio are 20～2, are preferably 10～2, are more preferably less than 5.
The pressure of feed in a step preferably from equal less than 5bar, better from equal less than 2bar, preferably from normal atmosphere in short-term, generally in several minutes, bring up to 100～250bar continuously, be preferably the predetermined pressure of 130～180bar.
Have been found that this method of the present invention for example reliable especially with regard to the technology continuity (reduce the stop time of this device) and/or improve its energy expenditure than two steps or the rapid pressure of multistep and reduce.
With the enough big pump of power or the pump of a plurality of parallel connections the pressure of feed is brought up to required pressure.The example of this class pump has and is used on the constructions work on long distance or for example surge pump of pump cement or the pump of piston pump on the high height.Also can improve this pressure automatically.
To feed pressurization back or when feed is pressurizeed, the temperature of this mixture is brought up at least 180 ℃, is generally 200～275 ℃, is preferably 225～250 ℃ but maximum 280 ℃.Although mixture kept under this temperature less than 60 minutes at least 5 minutes, be generally and be preferably 15～45 minutes in 10～50 minutes time of 20～30 minutes more preferably.
When biomass when before feed is passed to reactions steps, need not to form the less feed of slurry or required degree, in this embodiment of the invention, the pressurization of feed and heating roughly are used for the feed pressurization and are heated to the required pressure and temperature of reactions steps.This be applicable to but be not limited to small part be the slurry shape for example liquid biomass biomass or have enough water and the biomass that only contain small-particle of biomass ratio.This moment, the purpose of heating steps mainly was to heat feed before reactions steps.
The slurry that obtains from this method generates liquid fraction and contains the solids cut through separating.This contains the solids cut and can for example use hydrocyclone to concentrate the back through further dehydration or other concentrating uniies in a preferred embodiment directly to be used as feed streams in the production ENERGY METHOD.This liquid fraction is capable of circulation regulates water and biomass ratio to this technology front end.Look the type of the biomass of using, a part of biomass are dissolved in the method.The separable cut that goes out to contain solvent components.Preferably the liquid fraction that contains solvent components is for further processing as fermentation or anaerobic digestion etc.For example, when isolated liquid fraction contains carbohydrate such as Mierocrystalline cellulose or other carbohydrate, can produce for example high-energy fluid of alcohol.
Be preferably under the vapor pressure that surpasses moisture feed (biomass/water mixture) and the ordinary temp and carry out this technology.
The most handy indirect heating and/or the efficient heat heating feed that provides by this technology that uses repeatedly itself.For example with recycle pump but also can mix through the gas of the carbon dioxide containing gas of preheating by for example injecting this technology itself.
In the present invention on the other hand, biomass convert the liquid carbon hydrogen production to.For this carries out first step, second step and reactions steps to biomass, in first step, the moisture feed that contains biomass is handled, and this processing comprises feed is pressurized to 100-250bar, in second step, the pressurization feed is kept reaching 60 minutes time being no more than under 280 ℃ of temperature, thereby the formation reaction mixture, wherein, first and second steps are successively or carry out simultaneously, in reactions steps, this reaction mixture is heated to the temperature that surpasses 280 ℃ and lasts 60 minutes.
First and second steps are identical with the method for the slurry that above-mentioned production energy density improves.After first and second steps, carry out reactions steps with this slurry.According to biomass source and water and biomass ratio, in the reactions steps of this method of the present invention, use this feed immediately.Available through dehydration slurry or carry out reactions steps from the solid-state cut that slurry obtains.In this step, the Heating temperature of the reaction mixture that is generated by method first and second steps surpasses the Heating temperature in second step.Temperature in the reactions steps be preferably greater than 280 ℃, more preferably surpass 300 ℃, most preferably greater than 325 ℃, this temperature preferably is no more than 350 ℃ and lasts 60 minutes simultaneously, is preferably 5～50 minutes, more preferably 10～40 minutes.Through this step, reaction mixture converts the liquid carbon hydrogen production to.
As if heat-up time most important to the optimizing that converts hydrocarbon product to.Heat-up time, thereby the long output of the excessive liquid carbon hydrogen production of feed carbonization that causes descended.Too weak point can cause in enough speed of reaction or fully not react under the conversion heat-up time.Reaction times is 60 minutes, be preferably 45 minutes, more preferably 30 minutes.The preferable range in reaction times is 1～5 minute.When reaction mixture residence time conversion the best of reaction mixture in short-term.This residence time is preferably 5～30 minutes.
Available through preheating carbon dioxide containing gas, injecting steam or their combination heating by inner indirect heating realization response step.Carbon dioxide containing gas can come from other steps of this technology.Be to obtain best transition, preferably react and heat with the operation of plug flow type with the minimal reaction volume.
By supplying air and so on the efficient reacting by heating mixture of oxygen-containing gas to reaction mixture.Under the use reaction conditions, oxygen and reaction mixture reaction, thus oxygen consumed and a part of reaction mixture generate heat energy.With this heat energy reacting by heating mixture.
Content in the arrest reaction device that reacts the therein preferably overwhelming majority is water and liquid carbon hydrogen production, and the quantity of nonreactive reaction mixture seldom.Realize effective and thermal conduction efficiently like this, it is temperature required to make that feed rises to the feed conversion rapidly.
Can generate other gases in the reactions steps.But, preferably under full liquid state, carry out reactions steps as far as possible to reduce the high-pressure reactor volume as far as possible.Therefore be preferably in and be chosen in pressure and temperature in the separating step after the reactions steps and reduce the back and from the product of second step and reactions steps, isolate gas.
Use these isolation technique from than isolating lighter fraction and water the last running.Then, water become the independent cleaning stream that the feed mineral is eliminated, thereby wastewater flow rate reduces through evaporation and condensation.In addition, the volatile content that is dissolved with organic compounds reduces in the waste water, and the heat content of these compounds reclaims by the burning highly effective in the technology stove.Before pressure being reduced in the technology stove final combustion pressure, can in special turbine, reclaiming pressure in this product gas and can be used for producing and be used for this technology.
Comprise than heavy oil composition and all the other solids components than last running.This cut can or be done other processing with aqueous phase separation.
Importance of the present invention is can be through the product of the inventive method acquisition.Become hydrocarbon product separation light and be favourable, because, can be directly used in various production electric energy and/or heat energy method by the lighter fraction products obtained therefrom selectively through further handling or purifying than last running.Lighter fraction through further for example hydrogenant handle can for example be used for can with the ordinary fossil fuel blended high value transport fuel of diesel oil and kerosene for example.
Be noted that to lighter fraction further for example hydrogenant handle more than existing publication proposes whole hydrocarbon stream is further handled simply.
The hydrocarbon product of the present invention is generally as follows: oxygen level is that 10～15wt.%, low heat value are that 28～35MJ/kg, the density under 50 ℃ are 900～1100kg/m 3, molecular weight is 60～800, molecular-weight average is 250～350, wherein about 50wt.% boiling point greater than 450 ℃ when correcting into normal atmosphere boiling point look the unusual 0.5～10wt.% of being of feed greater than 90 ℃, content of mineral substances.The oxygen level of lighting end is that 5～25wt.%, low heat value are that 30～40MJ/kg, content of mineral substances are less than 0.5wt.%.The oxygen level of last running be 10～20wt.%, low heat value be 20～35MJ/kg, content of mineral substances look feed be not all 0.5～25wt.%.
But than last running use with methanol mixed after the whole bag of tricks such as emulsification be transformed into stable transport fuel.Cause the formation of biological emulsion than the emulsification of last running.The biological emulsion of the present invention comprises the aqueous emulsion of curing particle of the last running of this method.This emulsion comprises that double distilled is divided into 55～95wt% in the water, be preferably 65～70wt.% but at least greater than 50wt.%.This biology emulsion is a kind of transportation and easy high caloric fuel of incendiary be convenient to.The various production methods of biological emulsion for example are known in bituminous industry.
Another selection for last running is atomizing or crushing last running after separating lighter fraction.Crushed last running is solidified, thereby forms small-particle.This product is solid-state under normal temps and does not flow or liquefaction in when storage, can with other for example the solid fuel of coal directly mix.Therefore last running also can be used as the fuel that energy density improves.
Another selection for last running is with suitable solvent, is preferably polar molecule such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.Like this can 70wt.% above high yield obtain to be convenient to transport, directly High-efficient Production electricity and/or the hot liquid hydrocarbon that does not roughly have mineral substance.So the product that obtains generates aforementioned transport fuel through hydrogenation or with the lighter fraction combination, thereby is more convenient for transportation.The residue of extraction back last running contains all mineral substance, can for example be used as solid fuel in cement kiln or the burning coal power generation factory.
The hydrocarbon product that obtains with suitable solvent extractive reaction step becomes the another kind of approach that energy density improves product that obtains.Hydrocarbon product or biological raw material that extraction is generated can omit the separating step of lighting end and last running.Whether this step the favourable composition that depends mainly on biomass type and carbon containing hydrogen production.
The waste water that is generated can be used on other parts of this technology, for example heats the raw material of being supplied and/or regulates water and biomass ratio.Can be preferably and with final waste water after the hydrocarbon component separating advantageously with flash distillation cooling and step-down, remove most of volatile dissolving organic composition and be used for the technology stove.Remaining water can for example for example concentrate with reverse osmosis after most of remaining hydrocarbon composition is removed in biological treatment through further processing.This enriched material for example can be used as the fertilizer recovery and is used for the production biomass.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the embodiment of biomass transfer equipment of the present invention.
Feed G imports in the storage room.The feed of suitable quantity enters the pre-treatment step VB from storage room, in this step VB, and treated this method first step that enters of feed.Step VB can comprise steps such as cleaning, pulverizing.Can add the water that preferably comes from the circulating water flow so that water and biomass ratio are adjusted to preset value.Also can be preheating to for example 50～95 ℃ of temperature to feed.Can use the heat that other places generate in this technology for this reason.Pump P improves 10～30bar to overcome the resistance of ducting bringing up to processing pressure continuously through the preheating feed when needing.Feed converts the mashed prod that can preferably not have the transmission of remarkable pressure loss ground through pipeline in preheater/pretreater VW.In this embodiment, can round-robin current and feed streams heat feed by mixing in the method.At this place's circulating water flow be from the feed streams quantity of P output 0.5-5 times, makes temperature last 60 minutes less than 280 ℃.In this embodiment, in VW, institute is obtained stream for this reason keep the scheduled time.The temperature of circulating water flow has reached 200～360 ℃ in heat exchanger E1.Can contain the solids cut and contain the liquid fraction of dissolved product A with what obtain to can be used to generate electricity the slurry dehydration at this place to be for further processing.
So the softening material that generates is by heat exchanger E2, and in heat exchanger E2, this material further is heated to the desired reaction temperature greater than 280 ℃.The volume of reactor R is chosen to this stream and stops the time that is enough to realize required conversion in reactor R.When need or think favourable, any function among function VW, E2 and the R can be combined in the device.In this embodiment, this device is designed to this stream successively by some districts.Different step takes place in these districts.Among heat exchanger E3, be cooled to 180～300 ℃ to prevent overreaction and to collect heat of high temperature being used for this technology other places from the liquid stream of R output.Perhaps, when conversion not excessively, also another or successive reaction step can for example carried out for example in the reactor of plug flow type reactor.Separator S1 isolates oil phase from aqueous phase.Oil phase is sent to flasher F1 and is separated into light and the raw material cut of living again.Last running ZC can for example make spherolite or crushing, extraction etc. to be for further processing.In this example, so obtain last running.Among E4, be sent to separator S2 separation after the condensation from the steam that contains the thing crude oil fractions of committing suicide of flasher output.
Be divided into the circulating water flow that is sent to heat exchanger E1 through pump P2 from the water of S1 output.Remaining current can be used treated in various ways.In this example, under 150～300 ℃ of temperature, form steam and liquid flow after pressure is reduced to 10～125bar in flasher F2.Other aqueous stream of this liquid flow cooling back other places output in this technology are sent to water treating equipment WZ.Content organic and inorganic remnants is reduced to the level that environment is accepted that can be with precipitation, aerobic (anaerobism) digestion etc. in this equipment.As using preferred anaerobic digestion, remaining organic remnants convert to and can be used to generate energy, for example heat the biogas of this technology.The cleaning current can discharge.
Cool off so that condense into water and biological raw material among heat exchanger E6 from the vapor phase pressure reduction back of reactor R output.Steam separates in separator S3 with liquid.Lump together the separator S2 that is sent to separating oil and water from the liquid flow of E4 and S3 output.Be sent to the stove that generates this process heat from the steam of S2 output.The oil phase that obtains in S2 is the raw material cut LC that commits suicide.
Steam that can obtain this method and gas spread delivers to stove.These streams comprise for example light organic compound of ethanol and acetate of the inflammable gas of carbonic acid gas, water, for example carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and other.Inflammable gas in stove with air combustion, the heat that is generated is used for heating this technology.Can be by heating a heat exchange medium, also can using the heat that is generated to heat this technology by generating steam.With heat exchange medium heat is supplied to heat exchanger E1 and E2.Unnecessary heat is supplied to the heat exchange medium among the heat exchanger E3.Careful temperature of regulating these heat exchangers can realize the maximum integration of heat.The heat that generates as burning combustible gas is not enough, also can be to stove amount supplied outer fuel EB.Can be biological raw material as additional fuel.It is favourable can selecting to use external source fuel.
The waste gas RG of stove is cooled to can be discharged in the atmosphere after for example various oxynitride and other objectionable constituent are removed in pre-treatment after the optimum temps.
Following table is listed the liquid carbon hydrogen production and the composition of the cut that therefrom obtains.
Table
The liquid carbon hydrogen production:
Oxygen level 10～15wt.%
Low heat value 28～35MJ/kg
50 ℃ of following 900～1100kg/m of density 3
Molecular weight 60～800
Molecular-weight average 250～350
Boiling point is greater than 90 ℃
The boiling point of about 50wt.% is greater than 450 ℃
(when correcting into normal atmosphere)
Content of mineral substances is looked feed and is not all 0.5～10wt.%
Feed:
Last running
Oxygen level 10～20wt.%
Low heat value 20～35MJ/kg
What content of mineral substances was looked feed is not all 0.5～25wt.%
Feed:
Lighting end
Oxygen level 5～25wt.%
Low heat value 30～40MJ/kg
Content of mineral substances is less than 0.5wt.%.
Example
Carried out following extensive simulation example according to laboratory experiment.Label uses label among Fig. 1.
Feedstream G is made of the sugar beet residue (sugar beet slurry) of 20.50kg/sec.Byproduct when the sugar beet slurry is the garden beet sugaring.
The composition of this raw material is as follows:
Organic substance 20.35wt%
Mineral substance 1.65wt%
Water 78.00wt%
In step VB, use the heat that flows back to receipts from downstream process that feedstream is heated to 80 ℃.Feed passes through two parallel piston pump P under the situation that does not add water in addition, thereby pressure is brought up to 170bar.
Pressurization feedstream and the temperature of the output that comes automatic heat-exchanger E1 are that 350 ℃, pressure are that the circulating water flow of 175bar and 19.15kg/sec mixes in softening container VW.The temperature of the mixture in VW is 230 ℃.Inject circulating water flow and cause thorough mixing at container VW.This container is dimensioned to and makes that the mean residence time of this mixture is 15 minutes.This residence time makes reaction mixture softening, thereby is convenient to flow through heat exchanger E2, and reaction mixture is heated to 330 ℃ in this heat exchanger.Heated reaction mixture (39.65kg/sec) flows through reactor R then, and in reactor R, it is average the stop 10 minutes under 165bar pressure.From experiment as can be known, there are three-phase, particularly air-flow, aqueous fluid stream and organic liquor stream after the reaction times.Air-flow and two liquid flow points from.Be combined in the container separating of the function of E2, R and air-flow in this embodiment with particular design.
Constitute by the gas (hydrogen of the carbonic acid gas of 0.96kg/sec, the carbon monoxide of 0.09kg/sec and 0.02kg/sec, methane and other gas) of 1.07kg/sec, the water vapour of 1.28kg/sec, the biological raw material steam of 0.05kg/sec and for example acetate of 0.16kg/sec and the light organic compound of acetone from the air-flow of R output.This air-flow condenses 80 ℃ of lower sections in condenser E6, thereby nearly all gas and light hydrocarbon polymer keep vapor phase.These vapor phases are passed to the technology stove in separator S3 with after the condensate separation.Condensation product is passed to separator S2.
Among heat exchanger E3, be cooled in separator S1, be separated into after 260 ℃ the biological raw material of 1.85kg/sec and the liquid water of 35.24kg/sec from the mixed solution stream of R output.Biological raw material generates the steam of 0.43kg/sec through flash distillation in flasher F1.This steam is passed to S2 condense into the raw material of committing suicide in condenser E4 after.Deliver to the product storage room after the raw material stream (LC) of always committing suicide of 0.48kg/sec is separated out in S2.Available then catalytic hydrogenation is condensed into gasol and the kerosene of 0.43kg/sec to this biological raw material stream, and gasol and kerosene are the high value component of transport fuel.
Be the raw material product ZC that lives again of 1.42kg/sec from the liquid stream of flasher F1 bottom output.It is sent to the product storage room after cooling off, and can further handle or use then.
Be divided into the circulating water flow of the 19.15kg/sec that passes to E1 and the stream of the 16.09kg/sec of flash distillation among F2 from the liquid water of the 35.24kg/sec of S1 output.Top steam local coagulation in E5.Contain light organic all the other organism of 0.11kg/sec and pass to the technology stove.Condensation product mixes with the stream of flasher F2 bottom.Through this stream after the suitable cooling with mix from the aqueous stream of S2 output after pass to water treatment device WZ.Here waste water at first cleans with anaerobic digestion, thereby generates the biogas that contains 80% organism heat value with the light organism of 0.12kg/sec in the waste water.Remaining water is discharged cleaning current WA after suitable method is further handled.
The technology stove is used for to heat exchange medium supply heat, and heat exchange medium heat exchanger E1 and E2 supply heat.The hybrid technique stream of passing to stove provides 14.1MW the heat output of (low heat value).1.3MW need be provided by external fuel EB in addition.Can calculate from above-mentioned data, the thermo-efficiency of method shown in this example is 74.9%.Thermo-efficiency is defined as the low heat value of biological raw material mixed flow and the ratio that the raw material heat value adds the external fuel heat value.

Claims (18)

1. use the method for the hydrocarbon product of biomass continuous production energy density raising, comprising:
First step in first step, is handled the moisture feed that contains biomass, and this processing is included in the one step feed is pressurized to 100～250bar,
Second step in this second step, keeps this pressurization feed 60 minutes being no more than under 280 ℃ of temperature, thereby forms reaction mixture, wherein, first and second steps successively or carry out simultaneously,
Reactions steps in reactions steps, is heated to the temperature that surpasses 280 ℃ to this reaction mixture and lasts 60 minutes.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, it also comprises the separation of phase and separate out, comprising separating and/or separating out gained gas and hydrocarbon-containiproducts cut.
3. method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, the mixture that contains this product with flash distillation after the reactions steps comes reaction mixture.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this contains hydrocarbon cut and is separated into a lighter fraction and than last running.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the water of water-contained biomass feed and biomass ratio are 3 or more.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, forms a slurry or reaction mixture in second step, and wherein, the macromolecular structure in the feed is degraded and/or depolymerized.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the input oxygen-containing gas is realized the heating to feed in reactions steps.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, further reacts than last running.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, reaction mixture converts the carbon containing hydrogen production in reactions steps.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, than last running further conversion in a plug flow type reactor.
11. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, contains the liquid, aqueous of fermented ingredient but separate at least a portion before the reacting by heating mixture.
12., it is characterized in that the mean size of solids is 5～15mm in the biomass, is preferably 10～15mm as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 1.
13., it is characterized in that the water that contains in the moisture feed of biomass is a discontinuous phase as the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 1.
14. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, handles containing the moisture feed of biomass in described first step, this processing is included in the one step feed pressure from equaling to bring up to 100～250bar less than 5bar.
15. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this slurry is separated into a liquid distillate and contains the solids cut.
16. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, this liquid distillate is by fermentation or anaerobic digestion or further processing of its combination.
17. method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, uses this to contain the cut of solids in the energy generation method.
18. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises an extraction step after reactions steps.
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