DE102008004732A1 - Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and a device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, wherein biomass is converted with water and at least one catalyst in a pressure vessel by increasing the temperature and / or pressure in substances such as coal, oil and / or the like related substances. In order to improve the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, in particular with regard to the duration of the conversion process as well as with regard to the manner of the process management, it is proposed with the present invention that the biomass is disorganized before the conversion and / or during the conversion.

Description

The The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, biomass with Water and at least one catalyst in a pressure vessel through Temperature and / or pressure increase in substances like coal, oil and / or the like related substances is converted.

Of the For the purposes of the present invention, the term biomass encompasses all living, dead and / or decomposed organisms. These include beside Plants, in particular, waste and / or residual wood, straw, grass, Manure, leaves, sewage sludge and / or organic household waste. The biomass can be in different compositions, qualities, sizes and / or find the same use, as needed and desired Conversion product find use.

So far is in the hydrothermal carbonization a pressure vessel with essentially consisting of vegetable products of existing biomass, Water and a small amount of a catalyst, in particular Citric acid, filled. Subsequently, will the pressure vessel closed and under temperature and pressure increase the conversion or Implementation of biomass carried out. The This reaction is exothermic, which means that energy is in form of heat and / or light delivered. The duration of this transformation process depends on the desired state of the conversion product from and is so far for example the conversion of biomass into coal in a time range of about twelve hours. In this case, the pressure vessel at a temperature of about 180 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius held. Subsequently becomes the pressure vessel open and the conversion product - at a conversion of biomass into coal small floating on the water Carbon particles - the pressure vessel taken.

adversely in the previously known hydrothermal carbonization is next the relatively large one temporal duration of the conversion process in particular the discontinuous Litigation, at the one pressure vessel first filled that will be filled pressure vessel then sealed pressure-tight, then in the pressure vessel the Conversion reactions run, the pressure vessel is opened afterwards and finally the opened pressure vessel emptied or the conversion product is removed from the pressure vessel becomes. About that In addition, both the mechanical and / or plant technical effort as well as the operating and personnel costs so far considerably. Further is involved with the previous discontinuous process management more effective and cheaper industrial use of hydrothermal carbonization for substance extraction not feasible.

Of the present invention is in view of the prior art the task is based on the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass improve, especially with regard to the duration of the conversion process as well as the way of litigation.

to technical solution This object is achieved with the present invention, a method and for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, biomass with water and at least one catalyst in a pressure vessel through Temperature and / or pressure increase in substances such as coal, oil and / or such related substances is proposed, which is characterized in that the biomass before the conversion and / or while the transformation is disorganized.

Under Disorganization is in the context of the present invention each at least one injury the structure of cells and / or complex molecules in the biomass, in particular cellulose cells, Understood.

Of the The invention is based on the finding that by an inventive before and / or during the The conversion process takes place the disorganization of the biomass significantly reduce the duration of the biomass conversion process leaves. Compared

advantageously, let yourself the duration of the inventive conversion process of Biomass compared to the duration of a non-inventive disorganization the biomass process - depending on the desired or desired state of the final product - reduce, preferably up to about a third. For example, the conversion of Biomass in coal according to the invention in a time range of about four hours.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the disorganization takes place by means of ultrasound. As part of the disorganization by means of ultrasound, the biomass heats up advantageously. The disorganization of the structures of cells and / or complex molecules in the biomass is advantageously carried out in the flow by means of ultrasound in a tube. A specific embodiment of the invention provides that the biomass is conveyed using a pump, preferably a screw pump or a piston diaphragm pump, against an ultrasound transmitter arranged in a pipeline. The ultrasonic transmitter is in front teilhafterweise arranged in the preferably perpendicular to the underground running pipeline. The achievable degree of disorganization depends on the promotion, in particular on the conveying speed and / or the delivery rate, the power of the ultrasonic transmitter and the delivery pressure. Advantageously, the delivery is controllable, in particular with regard to the conveying speed and / or delivery rate of the pump, the power of the ultrasonic transmitter and / or the delivery pressure, preferably via at least one regulating device.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the disorganization takes place by means of microwave irradiation. As part of the disorganization by means of microwave irradiation heats up the biomass advantageously. Advantageously, the biomass by a microwave flow reactor having at least one reaction space guided. The guided through the microwave flow reactor biomass is thereby advantageously heated, preferably to a temperature in a temperature range between about 150 degrees Celsius to about 250 degrees Celsius. According to one Another proposal of the invention is the heating phase between about 3 minutes to about 20 minutes. Another embodiment of the invention The invention is characterized by a pressure in the reaction space of the microwave flow reactor in a pressure range between about 15 bar to about 30 bar.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the disorganization is done by decompression, wherein pressurized biomass in a container with lower pressure, preferably atmospheric pressure, relaxed. A special preferred embodiment of the invention provides that by Decompression disorganization after a disorganization by means of ultrasound and / or by means of microwave irradiation. By the decompression according to the invention is the structure of appropriately predisposed respectively previously damaged Cells and / or complex molecules Advantageously further decomposed in the biomass, resulting in in particular the duration of the conversion process of the hydrothermal Carbonization can be further reduced.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that one substantially as a pipeline with at least one controllable inlet port and at least one controllable outlet opening formed pressure vessel via the at least one controllable inlet opening biomass, water and / or at least fed to a catalyst is the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel be controlled so that the pressure vessel supplied contents of biomass, water and catalyst is transported through the pipeline, wherein Biomass, water and catalyst react with each other, and over the at least one controllable outlet opening at least one reaction product of the contents is removed. The inventive design is advantageously a continuous process management realized. By the inventive design of the pressure vessel by a pipeline is cascaded almost infinitely many consecutively arranged and interconnected pressure vessel realized. All in all is thus advantageously enables a continuous process, especially against the background of an effective and cheap industrial use of hydrothermal carbonization for substance extraction is particularly advantageous. Furthermore, in the embodiment according to the invention the machine and / or plant technical effort reduced, in particular because pumps, shut-off devices and the like facilities that otherwise arranged cascaded one behind the other and fluidically incurred interconnected pressure vessels would omitted, or at least needed to a much lesser extent. The inventive method advantageously allows a continuous supply of Biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst. The feeder of Biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst for filling the Pressure vessel can be done in parallel, so that biomass, water and / or catalyst individually supplied become. Accordingly, a separate feed of biomass, a separate feed of water and / or a separate supply of catalyst provided. Advantageously, the mixing ratio of the components biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst via a corresponding control system carried out.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is in at least a portion of the pressure vessel forming the pipeline arranged an ultrasonic transmitter for disorganization.

Advantageously, the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel are controlled such that the product supplied to the pressure vessel contents of biomass, water and catalyst is transported through the pipeline defined. According to the invention, a mass layer passes through the pressure vessel designed as a pipeline during the conversion process. Advantageously, the intermediate products corresponding to the respective time of the conversion process are present at different points along the pipeline at any time. A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides lock chambers, at different locations along the pipeline are arranged and in the context of the conversion process to allow removal of the present at the corresponding point of the pipeline intermediate, advantageously at or while maintaining a continuous process control according to the invention.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention takes place the feeder of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst over at least a front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the Pressure vessel arranged, at least a controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening having lock chamber, wherein the lock chamber on the part of at least one controllable inlet port with at least one reserve of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst and at least one controllable outlet opening with the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel is connectable. Advantageously, the transport of biomass, water and / or takes place at least one catalyst from the lock chamber into the pressure vessel Pressurization.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the feeder biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst via a arranged in front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel Piston-pressing device takes place, the piston-pressing device a chamber with at least one inlet opening, at least one controllable outlet and a piston movable in the chamber for pressing in the Has chamber befindlichem good. Advantageously, the Transport of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst from the chamber into the pressure vessel through pressurized by the piston.

According to one Another proposal of the invention is the supply of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst advantageously over one before the at least a controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged eccentric screw pump with pressure control.

advantageously, the transport is supported by in the pressure vessel befindlichem contents a preferably arranged in the pipeline of the pressure vessel controllable conveyor, particularly preferred in the form of a controllable screw conveyor. The delivery volume the conveyor is prematurely controllable, preferably via a control device. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the screw conveyor extends essentially over the entire length the pipeline of the pressure vessel and is essentially flush adapted to the inner cross section of the pipeline of the pressure vessel.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel over the at least one controllable inlet opening and / or the at least a controllable outlet opening be controlled, preferably over at least one control device.

advantageously, the pressure vessel is heated. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pipeline of the pressure vessel at least partially in one with at least one heat transfer medium, preferably oil, fillable container arranged and is the heating of the pressure vessel over the temperature of at least a heat transfer medium in the container controlled. By a corresponding arrangement according to the invention is easy to make sure that the whole Process flow in a uniform or unified Temperature takes place. Furthermore, it becomes as part of the process flow at the respective points in the pipeline resulting heat energy (Reactor heat) immediately dissipated and so fed to areas where the conversion process has already taken place or has progressed further. It is thus advantageous in particular an overheating individual process sections prevented.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by using a thickening agent, preferably cornstarch such as cereal and / or potato starch, for the contents Biomass, water and at least one catalyst. Dependent on of type and design of the biomass parts or Particles of biomass in the water in the pressure vessel and / or swim in the pressure vessel deposit. For example, cereals used as biomass sink and / or cereal-like Products or their components due to their specific Weight in the pressure vessel, which sometimes leads to blockages in the pressure vessel. Used as biomass Foliage and / or foliage-like Products or their components floats in the pressure vessel, which sometimes also leads to blockages in the pressure vessel. By the inventive use of a Thickening agents are these problems of sinking and / or floating bypassable by biomass particles and thus eliminable. advantageously, the thickener is added in amounts that cause a essentially viscous consistency is achieved.

Advantageously, the thickening agent becomes too next to the water and / or the catalyst. Subsequently, this viscous water-catalyst mixture is added to the biomass.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention takes place the removal of the at least one reaction product of the filling material via a arranged according to the at least one controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel Separating device, preferably by filtering.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the reaction product is pressed before and / or after removal becomes.

A sees further particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention before that the feed of Biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst, the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel, the transport of the contents through the pressure vessel and / or the removal of the at least one reaction product of the contents the pressure vessel via a Regulation takes place. According to the invention is like this In particular, the operating and personnel costs in the context of litigation on reducible. A further embodiment of the invention advantageously provides a fully automated process management in front.

advantageously, is the temperature in the pressure vessel at least about the duration of the transport of the product through the pressure vessel constant held.

A Further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the temperature in the pressure vessel at least about the duration of the transport of the product through the pressure vessel in a range between about 140.00 degrees Celsius to about 240.00 Degrees Celsius, preferably between about 180.00 degrees Celsius to about 200.00 degrees Celsius is maintained.

to technical solution The object mentioned is a device for hydrothermal Carbonation of biomass, using biomass with water and at least a catalyst in a pressure vessel by increasing the temperature and / or pressure in Substances such as coal, oil and / or such related substances is proposed, which is characterized by at least one device for Disorganization of biomass, which in fluidic connection before and / or in the pressure vessel is arranged.

A advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the disorganizing device at least an ultrasonic transmitter, at least one microwave flow reactor and / or at least one decompression device.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is the pressure vessel from at least one pipeline with at least one controllable inlet opening and formed at least one controllable outlet opening. A special advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the pipeline between the at least one inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening has at least one bend, preferably at least one in the essential U-shaped Bend.

advantageously, the at least one pipeline of the pressure vessel is at least partially in one with at least one heat transfer medium, preferably oil, fillable container arranged.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least one controllable heating device for regulating the Temperature in the pressure vessel.

advantageously, is the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the container over the Heating device controllable.

A Further embodiment of the invention is advantageously characterized by at least one upstream of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged lock chamber for supplying biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst by the at least one controllable inlet port of the pressure vessel, comprising at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening. The lock chamber is advantageously on the part of at least a controllable inlet opening with at least one reserve of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst and at least one controllable one outlet connectable with the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel. A concrete embodiment of the invention provides that the controllable Inlet opening of the pressure vessel the controllable outlet of the Lock chamber forms. Another embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least one pump for controllable and / or controllable pressurization of the lock chamber.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a prior to the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged piston-pressing device for supplying biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst through the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel, comprising a chamber with at least one inlet opening, at least one controllable outlet opening and a piston movable in the chamber for pressing material located in the chamber.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged Excentric screw pump with pressure control for the supply of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst by the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a preferably arranged in the pipeline of the pressure vessel controllable conveyor, preferably in the form of a controllable screw conveyor, in support of the Transport of contents in the pressure vessel. advantageously, is the funding volume the conveyor controllable, preferably over a control device. Another proposal of the invention is characterized in that the screw conveyor substantially over the whole length the pipeline of the pressure vessel extends and is substantially flush adapted to the inner cross section of the pipeline of the pressure vessel is.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by a preferably controllable device for heating the Pressure vessel.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least one control device for at least partially automatic control the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel over the at least one controllable inlet opening and / or the at least one controllable outlet opening.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least one of the at least one controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged separating device, preferably filter device, via which the removal of the at least one reaction product of the filling takes place.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least one control device for at least partially automatic control the feeder of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst, the Temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel, the transport of the contents through the pressure vessel and / or the removal of the at least one reaction product of filling material from the pressure vessel.

In a further, particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is the device according to the invention is designed and / or set up, a method according to the invention at least partially execute.

Further Details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent below with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures of the drawing closer to the invention explained. Showing:

1 in a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a discontinuous operation according to the prior art;

2a in a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of an inventive device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation;

2 B in a schematic schematic diagram of another embodiment of an inventive device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation;

3 in a sectional side view of an embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation after 2a ;

4 in a schematic side view of an embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation after 2 B ;

5a - 5c in a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an inventive filling of the pressure vessel of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation via a lock chamber;

6 in a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of an inventive filling of the pressure vessel of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation via an eccentric screw pump;

7 in a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of a part of an inventive control of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation;

8th in a schematic schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation with a filling via a piston-pressing device;

9 in a schematic schematic diagram of another embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation with a filling via a piston-pressing device;

10 in a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of an inventive device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation after 8th ;

11 in a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of an inventive device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation after 8th ;

12 in a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation;

13 in a schematic side view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

14a in a schematic side view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

14b a view of the front side of the bottom of the pressure vessel after 14a ;

15 in a schematic side view of another embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

16a in a schematic side view of an embodiment of a special flange of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

16b a view of the front side of the special flange pressure vessel after 16a ;

17 in a schematic schematic diagram of another embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

18a in a schematic side view of an embodiment of a conveyor according to the invention in a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

18b a view of an end face of the conveyor according to 18a ;

19a in a schematic schematic diagram of another embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass;

19b in a schematic side view of the outer container of the device according to 19a ;

19c a schematic end view of the outer container after 19b and

19d in a schematic side view of the pressure vessel of the device 19a ,

1 shows a device for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a batch operation according to the prior art. This is a biomass consisting of water and at least one catalyst filling 1 in a first pressure vessel 2 (Start container) filled and the pressure vessel 2 then sealed pressure-tight. Subsequently, under temperature and pressure increase in the pressure vessel 2 the conversion or implementation of biomass performed. The pressure vessel is maintained at a temperature of about 180 degrees Celsius to about 200 degrees Celsius. The duration of this exothermic conversion process in the present case is about twelve hours. Subsequently, the pressure vessel 2 opened and the conversion product to the pressure vessel 2 taken. The removal takes place in the present case via a shut-off device 3 in a pressure vessel 4 (Sequence container 1 ). To the pressure vessel 4 close correspondingly cascaded over shut-off valves 5 respectively 7 wei tere pressure vessel 6 respectively 8th (Sequence container 2 to follow container n). The pressure vessel at the end of the cascade 8th becomes the reaction product 10 , in particular in the form of coal sludge, finally via a shut-off 9 taken. The withdrawn reaction product is present for the use of the heat of reaction via a pump 11 having Heizrohrleitungssystem the first pressure vessel 2 (Start container) supplied. Overall, the machinery and / or plant technical effort as well as the operating and personnel costs in such a discontinuous process management considerably, especially in view of the numerous pressure vessels, shut-off valves and / or pumps that need to be opened or closed at different times and orders, including still the respective temperature and / or pressure conditions must be considered and adjusted.

2a and 2 B each show an embodiment of an inventive device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation. This is a biomass consisting of water and at least one catalyst filling 12 in a pressure vessel formed from a pipeline with at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening 13 respectively 13 ' by increasing the temperature and / or pressure in substances 16 such as coal, oil and / or the like related substances converted. In the present case, the controllable inlet opening is a controllable shut-off element 14 arranged. The controllable outlet opening in the present case is a controllable shut-off device 15 arranged. At the in 2a illustrated embodiment is the pressure vessel 13 forming raw line just formed. At the in 2 B illustrated embodiment, the pressure vessel 13 ' forming pipeline between the obturator 14 the inlet opening and the obturator 15 the outlet opening in the present two substantially U-shaped bends.

In operation, the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' forming pipeline via the controllable obturator 14 the inlet opening of the pressure vessel 13 the product consisting of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst 12 fed and then the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' sealed pressure-tight. Then the temperature and the pressure in the pressure vessel become 13 respectively 13 ' elevated. The temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' are controlled in such a way that the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' supplied filling material 12 is transported independently and preferably defined through the pipeline. The biomass, water and catalyst of the product in the pipeline react with each other. According to the invention, a mass layer passes through the pressure vessel designed as a pipeline during the conversion process. The length of the pipeline, in conjunction with the filling quantity - and thus with the size or the diameter of the pipeline - determines the duration of the process. About the controllable shut-off device 15 the outlet opening of the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' becomes the reaction product 16 , in particular in the form of coal sludge and / or oil-like products, finally for further processing and / or use by opening the obturator 15 taken. The embodiment according to the invention advantageously allows continuous operation, wherein the pressure vessel is controlled via the controllable inlet opening 13 respectively 13 ' continuously, in the present case sometimes also at intervals, contents 12 is supplied and via the controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel 13 respectively 13 ' continuously, in the present case sometimes at intervals, the reaction product 16 is removed.

The in 3 in a sectional side view illustrated pressure vessel according to the invention 17 for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation 2a is made of two straight, different diameter having and arranged substantially coaxially extending pipes 18 and 19 formed, an inner tube 18 and an outer tube 19 , At the free ends of the inner tube (inner tube 18 ) forming pipeline 18 are flanges 20 and 21 welded. The flanges 20 and 21 serve for receiving or connecting controllable shut-off valves for the inlet opening and the outlet opening of the pressure vessel 17 , In the area of in 3 right-hand end of the pipeline 18 this is via a compensator 22 with the flange 21 welded. In the space between the inner pipe 18 and the outer pipe 19 are present over the length of the pipes 18 respectively 19 distributed and spaced from each other annular disc-shaped stabilizing ribs 23 arranged. The stabilizing ribs 23 prevent in particular damage and / or bending of the outer pipe 19 which due to the weight of the pressure vessel 17 , in particular in the filled state and in operation, by the Stützbeziehungsweise Aufstelllager 24 of the pressure vessel 17 could be caused.

The space between the inner pipe 18 and the outer pipe 19 is present preferably unpressurized, that is without pressurization with a heat transfer medium (in 3 not shown), preferably a bio / thermal oil, filled, which for heating the pressure vessel 17 , in particular the inner pipe 18 , serves. Advantageously, the heating of the pressure vessel 17 controlled by the temperature of the oil. This arrangement ensures in a simple manner that the entire process takes place at a uniform or unified temperature. Furthermore, as part of the process flow at the respective points in the pipeline 18 resulting heat energy (reactor heat) directly dissipated and thus supplied to areas where the conversion process has already taken place or has progressed further. Overheating of individual process sections is thereby prevented. To further improve the heating is on the outer pipe 19 of the pressure vessel 17 a thermal insulation 25 arranged or applied.

At the in 4 illustrated pressure vessel according to the invention 26 for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation 2 B one is at its free ends with flanges 27 and 28 provided curved pipeline 29 through a closed container 30 led, which for heating the pipeline 29 preferably depressurized with a heat transfer medium 31 , in this case a bio / thermal oil, is filled.

In the in the 5a to 5c illustrated embodiment, the filling of the pressure vessel is carried out with the biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst via at least one lock chamber 32 with a controllable inlet opening and a controllable outlet opening, which is arranged in front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure container. The controllability of the inlet opening of the lock chamber 32 is present with a slider 33 realized, which via an actuator or a drive 34 is controllable. The controllability of the outlet opening of the lock chamber 32 is present with a slider 35 realized, which via an actuator or a drive 36 is controllable. The lock chamber 32 is by means of the controllable slider 33 opposite a refill store 37 for biomass, water and / or catalyst and by means of the controllable slide 35 Sealable against the pressure vessel.

In continuous operation, the product consisting of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst 38 in front of the inlet opening of the lock chamber 32 stored, in this case in the refill 37 , With opening of the inlet opening of the lock chamber 32 through the controllable slide 33 arrives - as in 5a shown - contents 38 into the lock chamber 32 , in this case by falling. The essentially complete with contents 38 ' filled lock chamber 32 is then by adjusting the controllable slider 33 the inlet opening of the lock chamber 32 closed (cf. 5b ) and then the pressure in the lock chamber 32 adjusted to the pressure in the pressure vessel. In 5b this pressure equalization is symbolic by a pressure compensation line 39 between the closed lock chamber 32 and that after the slider 35 the lock chamber 32 subsequent section, which is connected to the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel, shown. The pressure equalization takes place in the present case with a pump by means of compressed air or water. After reaching the target pressure, in this case the Angleichdrucks, in the lock chamber 32 becomes the outlet opening of the lock chamber 32 by adjusting the controllable slide 35 opened (cf. 5c ). Subsequently, the pressure in the lock chamber 32 increased, in 5c symbolically by the with 40 marked arrow shown. Due to the increase in pressure that is in the lock chamber 32 located filling material 38 ' pressed into the pressure vessel - as in 5c shown - and filled the pressure vessel. After emptying the lock chamber 32 This is achieved by adjusting the controllable slider 35 the outlet opening of the lock chamber 32 closed again. Afterwards, the process repeats starting with 5a ,

In the in the 6 illustrated embodiment is the pressure vessel 29 a device according to the invention 26 for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation consisting of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst filling 38 continuously via at least one eccentric screw pump 41 with integrated pressure control 42 supplied, which before the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel 29 is arranged.

Due to the context of the supply of filling material in the pressure vessel of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation according to the 5a to 5c by means of a lock chamber 32 or after 6 by means of an eccentric screw pump 41 Part of an inventive control of an inventive increases the pressure in the pressure vessel. To regulate the pressure conditions to be maintained for the conversion process, as in 7 illustrated, such an internal pressure increase in a pressure vessel according to the invention 43 on a control loop 44 guided, which is a controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel 43 form of the governing body 45 opens or closes. Due to the process flow in the pressure vessel 43 is present about the pressure inside the pressure vessel 43 at the control organ 45 coal 46 in finely divided, spherical form dissolved in water removable removable.

The dissolved in water finely divided, spherical Coal particles are advantageously removed by filtering, preferably via filtration devices, Decanters and / or centrifuges. The wet carbon mass is then in Carbon pellets with a diameter of about 6 nm to about 60 nm or pressed into briquettes. The coal pellets are advantageously especially due to their high purity as the basic product for the chemical Industry, as fertilizer or as directly for combustion processes usable or usable substance used.

Instead of of dissolved in water finely divided, spherical Coal particles are formed under certain pressure and / or temperature conditions under consideration the concentration of the catalyst and / or the process or cycle time advantageously oil or oil-like products.

At the in 8th illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention 47 For the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation, the supply of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst existing filling takes place 48 in the pressure vessel 49 the device 47 via a piston-pressing device 50 , The piston-pressing device 50 has a chamber 51 with an inlet opening 52 , a controllable outlet opening 53 and one in the chamber 51 movable piston 54 for pressing in the chamber 51 on the estate. The controllability of the outlet opening 53 the piston chamber 51 is present with a slider 55 realized, which via an actuator or a drive 56 is controllable. In the present case, the controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel 49 from the controllable outlet port 53 the piston chamber 51 educated.

As part of the feeding of contents 48 in the pressure vessel 49 will be filled first 48 with closed outlet opening 53 and retracted piston 54 into the piston chamber 51 initiated. Then it will be in the piston chamber 51 located filling material 48 by means of the piston 54 pre-pressed to a defined pressure. When the defined pressure is reached, the slide opens 55 from the piston chamber 51 to the pressure vessel 49 and the piston 51 presses the compacted product 48 in the pressure vessel 49 , Then the slide closes 55 the inlet opening of the pressure vessel 49 the device 47 and thus the outlet opening 53 the chamber 51 the piston-pressing device 50 ,

By pressing the pre-pressed contents into the pressure vessel 49 In the present case, the pressure in the interior of the pressure vessel increases simultaneously 49 , In the present case, this pressure increase is used to a chamber 57 for removal (outlet chamber / lock chamber) of reaction products in the pressure vessel 49 According to the invention converted filling material to fill with reaction products of the contents.

The chamber 57 in this case has a controllable inlet opening 58 and a controllable outlet opening 59 on. In the present case, the controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel 49 from the controllable inlet opening 58 the chamber 57 educated. The controllability of the inlet opening 58 the lock chamber 57 is present with a slider 60 realized, which via an actuator or a drive 61 is controllable. The controllability of the outlet opening 59 the chamber 57 is present with a slider 62 realized, which via an actuator or a drive 63 is controllable.

To fill the chamber 57 the slide opens 60 the chamber 57 , Himself in front of the slider 60 located reaction product of the filling material, in this case a water-coal mixture is then from the pressure vessel 49 into the open chamber 57 pressed. With the completion of this press-fitting also closes the slide 60 the inlet opening 58 the lock chamber 57 pressure-tight against the pressure vessel 49 from. That is in the lock chamber 57 The reaction product can then via the slide 62 the lock chamber 57 if necessary, sometimes using a controllable pressure equalization tank 64 , In 8th the removal is symbolic by the reference numeral 65 marked arrow shown.

At the in 8th illustrated embodiment, the pressure vessel 49 through straight pipeline 49 formed, which by another, in the present case also designed as a straight pipe line container 66 guided. The space between the pipeline 49 of the pressure vessel 49 and the pipeline 66 the container is presently filled with a bio / thermal oil as a heat transfer medium, which is used to heat the pressure vessel 49 advantageously performed under pressure in a circuit and heated or heated as needed.

This in 9 illustrated embodiment differs from the in 8th illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention 47 for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation by the design of the pressure vessel 49 ' and the container 66 ' through which the pressure vessel is performed. The pressure vessel 49 ' the device 47 according to 9 is by a curved pipe 49 ' educated. The arrangement of bends of the pipeline 49 ' is advantageously designed so that the lighter biomass / coal always against the buoyancy of the pipeline 49 ' is transported. Sometimes they are in the pipeline 49 ' Apertures as reflux and / or buoyancy barriers 68 arranged (in 9 symbolically represented).

This in 10 illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention 47 For the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation corresponds in structure and operation essentially the in 8th illustrated and described above embodiment. The transport of biomass through the pressure vessel 49 depends inter alia on the consistency and / or the composition of the pressure vessel 49 to be filled biomass. To the device 47 largely independent of the consistency and / or the composition of the pressure vessel 49 to be able to operate to be filled biomass is in the pressure vessel forming pipe 49 a conveyor 69 , in this case, a helical coil 69 integrated screw conveyor with an external slow-speed motor integrated as a drive. The medium from biomass, water and catalyst is turned into the outlet opening by turning the spiral screw in the pressure vessel 58 of the pressure vessel 49 transported. The rotational speed of the screw conveyor is controllable and, in addition, the process of the conversion according to the invention. The spiral screw is in this case substantially flush with the inner cross section of the pipeline 49 of the pressure vessel 49 customized.

This in 11 illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention 47 For the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation corresponds in structure and operation essentially the in 8th shown and described above and differs from the in 10 illustrated embodiment by the inserted conveyor 69 ' to support the transport of the biomass through the pressure vessel 49 , At the in 11 illustrated embodiment, the conveyor 69 ' formed by a controllable pump, which controls the pressure gradient between the inlet opening and outlet opening of the pressure vessel regulated, in particular taking into account the pressure conditions to be observed for the conversion process.

At the in 12 in a schematic side view of an embodiment of a pressure vessel according to the invention of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous operation is the pressure vessel forming the pipeline as a in a large pipe 70 arranged tube package from present total seven individual tubes 71 arranged or embedded. The big pipe 70 serves at the same time as a container for the heat transfer medium. Due to this construction, the erfindungsgenmäße device can be advantageously carried out transportable.

13 shows a schematic side view of another pressure vessel 73 a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, in this case in particular with disorganization of the biomass according to the invention. The pressure vessel 73 is essentially of a reactor tube which at the in 13 left end with a dished bottom 77 closed and at the right end with a connecting flange 74 is provided. The reactor tube of the pressure vessel 73 In the present case, a spiral-welded pipe DN600 with a length L of about 6.00 m and a diameter D of about 0.60 m. About the length of the pressure vessel 73 distributed and spaced from each other are connecting pieces 75 with a diameter of about 1.25 inches, in particular for the supply of substances or removal of intermediate substances provided.

In the pressure vessel 73 the hydrothermal Karbonisierungsprozess invention advantageously takes place with disorganization of the biomass at an operating temperature of about 250 degrees Celsius, an operating pressure of about 25 bar and a pH of 4.5. The maximum operating pressure of the pressure vessel 73 is present through a rupture disc 76 in the area of the connection flange 74 limited, in this case to about 28 bar.

At the in 14a and 14b illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass is the pressure vessel 78 essentially formed by a pipeline. The pressure vessel 78 has a connection 79 with a flange 80 on. Distributed over its length and spaced from each other, the pressure vessel 78 spigot 81 with a diameter of about 1.25 inches and further points the pressure vessel 78 in the area of in 14a left-hand end of its bottom connecting sleeves 82 with a diameter of about 0.75 inches. The connecting pieces 81 and connecting sleeves 82 serve in the present case in particular a supply of substances or a Removal of intermediate substances. As in further 14a shown, the container has 80 an inner bearing shell 83 for an agitator shaft, which serves in particular in connection with a corresponding disorganizing device of a disorganization of the biomass according to the invention.

This in 15 illustrated embodiment of a device according to the invention for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass corresponds substantially to the in 14a and 14b illustrated embodiment, but in the present case, the pressure vessel 78 ' from a pipe with a double jacket for heating, in particular with thermal oil is formed. At the in 15 right end is the pressure vessel 78 ' via a special flange 84 either closed by means of a blind flange, so that a pressure vessel for a batch-oriented hydrothermal carbonization of biomass is given, or can be set up and used with a connection flange as a through-pipeline.

16a and 16b show an embodiment of an embodiment of a blind flange for a special flange 84 a pressure vessel according to the invention according to the pressure vessel 78 ' to 15 , The special flange 84 points to the pipeline of the pressure vessel 78 ' facing, in 16a left side a grid basket 85 on, which advantageously engages over the basket of a screw conveyor arranged in the pipeline, which on the opposite side in the bearing shell 83 is rotatably mounted. The grid basket 85 in this case has a mesh size of a maximum of 5 mm. On the grid basket 85 opposite side of the special flange 84 are present three with blind flanges 86 . 87 and 88 provided sealed connection piece. Next points the special flange 84 in the present case four connecting sleeves 89 with a diameter of about 0.75 inches.

17 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a device according to the invention 90 for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. Here are four individual, the pressure vessel forming pipes 91 in a container container 92 arranged. The pipelines have in this case connection or blind flanges 93 depending on the need and configuration of the litigation. The device according to the invention can be built up advantageously in a modular manner. This modularity is supported when using a separate heat generator module 94 , which is used for heating the pressure vessel in particular also with waste heat.

18a and 18b show an embodiment of an applied to the wall of the pipeline of a pressure vessel according to the invention screw flight 95 as a conveyor, which in this case on a hollow shaft 96 is arranged, which rotatably in the pressure vessel on or in a bearing shell 83 is arranged.

In the 19a to 19d is another embodiment of a device according to the invention 97 for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. The device 97 has a pressure vessel formed from a bent pipe with several turns 98 with a controllable inlet 99 and a controllable outlet 100 on. The pressure vessel 98 is with its meanders through an outer container 101 guided, which is filled with a heat transfer medium, in this case a thermal oil. The thermal oil is thereby circulated through the container 101 led, for which this a controllable inlet opening 102 and a controllable outlet opening 103 having. The container 101 the device 97 is presently designed as a double wall cylinder, in which the pressure vessel is inserted or inserted (see, in particular 19b and 19c ). The device is due to their design, overall very compact and thus also portable transportable. In the present case, the container 101 an outer diameter of about 0.90 m, an inner diameter of about 0.80 m and a height of about 2.00 m.

advantageously, enable the embodiments of the invention described above individually and / or in combination with one another continuously Hydrothermal carbonation of biomass with a continuous and / or batch-oriented splitting of cellulose into sugar molecules by means of a serving as a reactor pressure vessel for the production of coal, oil and / or Polymers from biomass.

Especially preferably occurs before and / or during in the pressure vessel a process of disorganization of the plant Structures.

In a first embodiment, the disorganization takes place by means of ultrasound in a tube. The biomass is conveyed from a storage container by means of a screw or piston diaphragm pump in a vertical tube. In this tube is an ultrasonic transmitter, against which the biomass is promoted. The degree of disorganization depends on the conveying speed, the power of the ultrasonic transmitter and the delivery pressure. The disorganized material flows around the ultrasonic exciter and is further transported by the delivery pressure of the subsequent material advantage. In this step, a first heating of the biomass takes place.

The accordingly prepared or prepared material is through a tube is fed to a microwave flow reactor, the the material in the flow to about 150 degrees Celsius to about 180 Degrees Celsius heated. The heating phase lasts for about three minutes about ten minutes. The material promotion done by the pump pressure of the above for Vordisorganisation means Ultrasound used screw or piston diaphragm pump and a High pressure pump in front of the microwave flow reactor. The microwave flow reactor consists in the present case of a non-polar material and is located in a microwave-irradiated room. The heating may alternatively and / or additionally also by a microwave input via waveguide in a metallic Tube done. The thus heated material is about a Proportional valve, which determines the pressure within the reaction space controls, led into a relaxation tank. The pressure within the Reaction space may additionally by pump pressure or gas pressure over set the vapor pressure curve values corresponding to the temperature and / or controlled.

The so further disorganized by microwave irradiation, prepared Material then relaxes in a container under atmospheric pressure. By This relaxation will be the damaged cell structures and complex molecules like that of cellulose further decomposed.

The successful disorganization of the biomass effect individually and / or in combination with each other advantageously an acceleration of the Conversion process of hydrothermal carbonation.

Further, the material in a microwave reactor with a shaped as a helix reaction space (see. 19d ) is heated to a temperature between about 180 degrees Celsius and about 250 degrees Celsius. The reaction (conversion process) is carried out in the flow and over a period of about three minutes to about 20 minutes. The water is removed from the sugar molecules. The reaction takes place at pressures of about 15 bar to about 30 bar. In this case, the reaction mixture further reactants and catalysts can be supplied. The supply of hydrogen H and carbon monoxide CO leads to the formation of complex organic structures, such as polymers. The resulting in this way suspension and solution of monomers and / or polymers in water is forwarded to form new organizational structures / molecular structures in a likewise heated pipe. The reaction time is up to four hours, depending on the desired end product. The use of ultrasonic waves during the reaction under microwave irradiation in the first 20 minutes results in the production of pure carbon.

The represented in the figures of the drawing and in connection with these described embodiments The invention are merely illustrative of the invention and are for this not restrictive.

1

Filling material (biomass, Water and / or catalyst)

2

Pressure vessel (start container)

3

shutoff

4

Pressure vessel (follow tank 1)

5

shutoff

6

Pressure vessel (follow tank 2)

7

shutoff

8th

Pressure vessel (follow tank n)

9

shutoff

10

reaction product (Coal slurry)

11

pump

12

Filling material (biomass, Water and / or catalyst)

13

Pressure vessel / pipeline (just)

13 '

Pressure vessel / pipeline (bent)

14

shutoff (Inlet opening)

15

shutoff (Outlet)

16

reaction product (Coal slurry)

17

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

18

Pressure vessel / pipeline (inner tube)

19

Container / Rohrleileitung (outer tube)

20

flange

21

flange

22

compensator

23

Stabilization / stabilizing rib

24

Support / Aufstelllager

25

thermal insulation

26

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

27

flange

28

flange

29

Pressure vessel / pipeline

30

container

31

Heat transfer medium / Organic / thermal oil

32

lock chamber

33

pusher

34

Actuator / actuator (slide (slide ( 33 ))

35

pusher

36

Actuator / actuator (slide (slide ( 35 ))

37

Nachfülllager / funnel

38

Filling material (biomass, Water and / or catalyst)

38 '

Filling material (biomass, water and / or catalyst) in lock chamber ( 32 ))

39

Pressure relief / pressure equalization line

40

Booster / pump

41

progressing cavity pump 41 with integrated pressure control ( 42 )

42

Pressure control (eccentric screw pump ( 41 ))

43

Pressure vessel / pipeline

44

loop

45

regulating element

46

reaction product (dissolved in water Coal in finely divided, spherical Shape)

47

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

48

Filling material (biomass, Water and / or catalyst)

49

Pressure vessel / pipeline

49 '

Pressure vessel / pipeline

50

Piston presser

51

Chamber / piston chamber

52

Inlet opening (chamber ( 51 ))

53

Outlet opening (chamber ( 51 ))

54

piston

55

pusher

56

Actuator / actuator (slide (slide ( 55 ))

57

Chamber / lock chamber

58

Inlet opening (chamber ( 57 ))

59

Outlet opening (chamber ( 57 ))

60

pusher

61

Actuator / actuator (slide (slide ( 60 ))

62

pusher

63

Actuator / actuator (slide (slide ( 62 ))

64

controllable Surge tank

65

withdrawal reaction product

66

Tank / pipe

66 '

container

67

Heat transfer medium / Organic / thermal oil

68

backflow and / or buoyancy barrier

69

Conveyer / screw / helical screw

69 '

Conveyor / pump

70

Großrohr

71

Pipe / tube package

72

Heat transfer medium / organic thermal oil

73

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

74

flange

75

spigot

76

rupture disc

77

torospherical

78

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

78 '

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

79

Pressure vessel / pipeline

80

flange

81

spigot

82

coupling bush

83

bearing shell

84

special flange

85

mesh basket

86

spigot

87

spigot

88

spigot

89

coupling bush

90

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

91

Pressure vessel / pipeline

92

Container / container vessel

93

flange

94

Heat generator module

95

Auger / screw spiral

96

hollow shaft

97

contraption for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

98

Pressure vessel / pipeline

99

Inlet opening (pressure vessel ( 98 ))

100

Outlet opening (pressure vessel ( 98 ))

101

Container / container vessel

102

Inlet opening (container container ( 101 ))

103

Outlet opening (container container ( 101 ))

Claims (52)

A process for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, wherein biomass is converted with water and at least one catalyst in a pressure vessel by increasing the temperature and / or pressure in substances such as coal, oil and / or the like kindred materials, characterized in that the biomass before the conversion and / or disorganized during the transformation. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the disorganization takes place by means of ultrasound. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized characterized in that the biomass using a pump, preferably a screw pump or a piston diaphragm pump, against a is conveyed in a pipeline arranged ultrasonic transmitter. Method according to claim 3, characterized that promotion especially with regard to conveying speed and / or capacity of Pump, the power of the ultrasonic transmitter and / or the delivery pressure is controllable, preferably over at least one control device Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized the disorganization takes place by means of microwave irradiation. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized that the biomass by having at least one reaction space Microwave flow reactor out becomes. Method according to Claim 6, characterized that the biomass passed through the microwave flow reactor is heated. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that that the biomass is at a temperature in a temperature range heated between about 150 degrees Celsius to about 250 degrees Celsius becomes. A method according to claim 7 or claim 8, characterized characterized in that the heating phase is between about 3 minutes to about 20 minutes. Method according to one of claims 6 to 7, characterized by a pressure in the reaction space of the microwave flow reactor in a pressure range between about 15 bar to about 30 bar. Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized that the disorganization is done by decompression, being pressurized Biomass in a container with lower pressure, preferably atmospheric pressure, relaxed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized that essentially as a pipeline with at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening formed pressure vessel via the at least one controllable inlet opening biomass, water and / or at least fed to a catalyst is, the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel so be controlled that the pressure vessel supplied contents of biomass, water and catalyst is transported through the pipeline, wherein Biomass, water and catalyst react with each other, and over the at least one controllable outlet opening at least one reaction product of the contents is removed. A method according to claim 12, characterized by a continuous feed biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst. A method according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterized characterized in that the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel in such a way be controlled that the pressure vessel supplied contents of biomass, water and catalyst defined to be transported through the pipeline. Method according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized that the feeder of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst over at least a front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the Pressure vessel arranged, at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening having lock chamber takes place, the lock chamber on the part the at least one controllable inlet opening with at least one storage reservoir on biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst and part the at least one controllable outlet opening with the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel is connectable. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that that the transport of biomass, water and / or at least one Catalyst from the lock chamber into the pressure vessel by pressurization he follows. Method according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized that the feeder biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst via a in front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged piston-pressing device takes place, wherein the piston-pressing device has a chamber with at least one Inlet port, at least one controllable outlet opening and one in the chamber movable piston for pressing material in the chamber having. Method according to claim 17, characterized in that that the transport of biomass, water and / or at least one Catalyst from the chamber into the pressure vessel by means of the piston built-up pressurization takes place. Method according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized that the feeder biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst via a before the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged eccentric screw pump with pressure control. Method according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized that the transport is supported by in the pressure vessel befindlichem contents by a preferably arranged in the pipeline of the pressure vessel controllable conveyor, particularly preferred in the form of a controllable screw conveyor. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that that the delivery volume the conveyor is controllable, preferably over a control device. A method according to claim 20 or claim 21, characterized in that the conveyor screw extends substantially over the entire length of the pipeline of the pressure vessel and in is substantially flush with the inner cross section of the pipeline of the pressure vessel adapted. Method according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized that the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel on the at least one controllable inlet opening and / or the at least a controllable outlet opening be controlled, preferably over at least one control device. Method according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized that heats the pressure vessel becomes. Method according to Claim 24, characterized that the pipeline of the pressure vessel at least partially in one with at least one heat transfer medium, preferably oil, fillable container is arranged and the heating of the pressure vessel over the temperature of at least a heat transfer medium in the container is controlled. Method according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized by using a thickening agent, preferably cornstarch such as Cereal and / or Potato starch, for the filling from biomass, water and at least one catalyst. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 26, characterized that the removal of the at least one reaction product of the filling material via a after the at least one controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel arranged separating device takes place, preferably by filtering. Method according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized that the reaction product is pressed before and / or after removal. Method according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized that the feeder biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst, the Temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel, the transport of the product through the pressure vessel and / or the removal of the at least one reaction product of Fill out the pressure vessel via a Regulation takes place. Method according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized that the temperature in the pressure vessel at least about the duration of the transport of the product through the pressure vessel constant is held. Method according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized that the temperature in the pressure vessel at least about the duration of the transport of the product through the pressure vessel in a range between about 140.00 degrees Celsius to about 240.00 Degrees Celsius, preferably between about 180.00 degrees Celsius to about 200.00 degrees Celsius is maintained. Device for hydrothermal carbonation of Biomass, where Biomass with water and at least one catalyst in a pressure vessel by increasing the temperature and / or pressure in substances such as coal, oil and / or the same kind of related substances is converted, marked by at least one facility for the disorganization of biomass, Which in fluidic connection is arranged before and / or in the pressure vessel. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that in that the disorganizing device has at least one ultrasound transmitter, at least one microwave flow reactor and / or at least having a decompression device. Apparatus according to claim 32 or claim 33, characterized in that the pressure vessel consists of at least one pipeline with at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening is trained. Device according to claim 34, characterized in that that the pipeline between the at least one inlet opening and the at least one outlet opening has at least one bend, preferably at least one in the essential U-shaped Bend. Apparatus according to claim 34 or claim 35, characterized characterized in that the at least one pipe of the pressure vessel at least partially in a fillable with at least one heat transfer medium, preferably oil Container arranged is. Device according to one of claims 32 to 36, characterized by at least one controllable heating device for regulating the Temperature in the pressure vessel. Apparatus according to claim 36 and claim 37, characterized characterized in that the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the container over the Heating device is controllable. Device according to one of claims 34 to 38, characterized by at least one arranged in front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel lock chamber for Supply of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst through the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel, comprising at least one controllable inlet opening and at least one controllable outlet opening. Device according to claim 39, characterized in that that the lock chamber on the part of at least one controllable inlet port with at least one reserve of biomass, water and / or at least a catalyst and the at least one controllable outlet opening with the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel connectable is. Apparatus according to claim 39 or claim 40, characterized in that the controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel is the controllable outlet opening forms the lock chamber. Device according to one of claims 34 to 41, characterized by at least one pump for controllable and / or controllable Pressurization of the lock chamber. Device according to one of claims 34 to 42, characterized by a front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the Pressure vessel arranged Piston pressing device for feeding Biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst through the at least one controllable inlet opening of the pressure vessel, comprising a chamber with at least one inlet opening, at least one controllable outlet and a piston movable in the chamber for pressing in the Chamber located Good. Device according to one of claims 34 to 43, characterized by a front of the at least one controllable inlet opening of the Pressure vessel arranged Eccentric screw pump with pressure control for the supply of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst by the at least one controllable inlet port of the pressure vessel. Device according to one of claims 34 to 44, characterized by a preferably arranged in the pipeline of the pressure vessel controllable conveyor, preferably in the form of a controllable screw conveyor, to assist the transport of himself in the pressure vessel located filling material. Device according to claim 45, characterized in that that the delivery volume the conveyor is controllable, preferably over a control device. Apparatus according to claim 45 or claim 46, characterized characterized in that the screw conveyor essentially over the entire length of the Piping of the pressure vessel extends and is substantially flush adapted to the inner cross section of the pipeline of the pressure vessel is. Device according to one of claims 34 to 47, characterized by a preferably controllable device for heating the Pressure vessel. Device according to one of claims 34 to 48, characterized by at least one control device for at least partially automatic Control of the temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel over the at least one controllable inlet opening and / or the at least a controllable outlet opening. Device according to one of claims 34 to 49, characterized by at least one arranged after the at least one controllable outlet opening of the pressure vessel Separating device, preferably filter device, via which the removal of the at least one reaction product of the filling takes place. Device according to one of claims 34 to 50, characterized by at least one control device for at least partially automatic Control of the feeder of biomass, water and / or at least one catalyst, the Temperature and / or pressure conditions in the pressure vessel, the Transport of the product through the pressure vessel and / or the removal of the at least one reaction product of the filling the pressure vessel. Device according to one of claims 32 to 51, characterized that it is designed and / or set up, a method according to one of the claims 1 to 31 at least partially execute.