CN1232485C - Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black Download PDFInfo
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- CN1232485C CN1232485C CN 03138792 CN03138792A CN1232485C CN 1232485 C CN1232485 C CN 1232485C CN 03138792 CN03138792 CN 03138792 CN 03138792 A CN03138792 A CN 03138792A CN 1232485 C CN1232485 C CN 1232485C
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method and a device for preparing acetylene and carbon black, which relates to a method and a device for the pyrolysis of arc plasma of pyrolysis gas of natural gas, coal bed gas and carbonaceous substances. The present invention is characterized in that the mode for a material distributor to enter plasma jet streams and the feeding amount are adjusted so that the staying time of the materials and pyrolysis gas in a pyrolysis reactor and the outlet temperature of the reactor are controlled; tangential inlet gas is obtained while the action of isolating carbon fragments generated in a pyrolysis process from the wall of the reactor is performed, and coke formation is eliminated or reduced; quick quenching is realized after the pyrolysis gas leaves the reactor; and acetylene and carbon black are final products.
Description
Technical field
It is the typically used of plasma technique in gas chemical industry, coal chemical technology that the present invention prepares acetylene and sooty method and device.Specifically be a kind ofly to be rich in methane gas with plasma pyrolysis and to prepare acetylene and sooty method and device.
Technical background
Methane is one of material the most stable in the organic compound; also be that nature is contained one of rich in natural resources; in coal processing and performance history, also produce in a large number simultaneously; be a kind of greenhouse gases; and one of acetylene synthetic basic raw materials that is organic compound, with methane produce acetylene and carbon black to the utilization of resources still be environment protection all be favourable.Methane conversion needs very high activation energy, consumed energy height.The high temperature of plasma jet, the characteristics of high enthalpy can satisfy the requirement of methane conversion.
Known methane plasma pyrolysis system acetylene and sooty method mainly exist in the pyrolytic process in the serious problem of reactor coal dust ingress wall coking, have a strong impact on the carrying out of process, adopt chemical process to eliminate coking, the difficulty of bringing system not move continuously equally.Material is controlled the structure that depends on calculating and reactor more in the residence time of reactor and the temperature of reactor simultaneously, is difficult to regulate.
Summary of the invention
The present invention controls the residence time and the temperature out of pyrolytic process material at reactor effectively by changing the feeding manner of material, by the effect of eddy flow gas, forms sealing coat between pyrolytic carbon fragment and reactor wall simultaneously, weakens or eliminates coking.
The plasma body that the present invention adopts is the direct current arc hydrogen plasma, it is characterized in that, be rich in methane gas with plasma pyrolysis and prepare acetylene and sooty method, the gas that comprises the steps: to be rich in methane is in two kinds of different feeds modes and be advanced in the plasma jet, utilizes high temperature plasma jet pyrolysis methane; Pyrolytic process is kept certain temperature; The gas that produces plasma jet is hydrogen, and arc gas and system's displacement gas are nitrogen, and pyrolysis gas and solid are formed acetylene and carbon black by reactor port by quenching.
Preparation acetylene and sooty device, it is characterized in that it being a kind ofly to be rich in methane gas with plasma pyrolysis and to prepare acetylene and sooty device, mainly comprise dc arc plasma generator 1, material sparger 2, pyrolysis reactor 3, quencher 4, gas-solid separator 5, these equipment are vertically installed on axially successively at pyrolysis reactor 3.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty method, it is characterized in that being rich in methane gas is Sweet natural gas, coal-seam gas, carbonaceous material pyrolysis gas.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty method, it is characterized in that the described gas that is rich in methane is in two kinds of different feeds modes and be advanced in the plasma jet, one methane gas stream axially becomes 30 degree～45 degree angles to enter with material sparger 2, and another strand tangentially enters along material sparger 2 in its underpart.
Two kinds of different feeds modes in above-mentioned preparation acetylene and the sooty method is characterized in that mutually combining and can control methane and pyrolysis product effectively in the residence time of pyrolysis reactor and the temperature out of conditioned reaction device.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty method is characterized in that the temperature out of thermal reactor 3 remains on more than 1500 ℃.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty method is characterized in that the temperature behind the material quenching is 200 ℃～300 ℃, and quenching medium is a methane gas.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty device is characterized in that the dc arc plasma generator that produces plasma jet is made up of negative electrode and anode.
Above-mentioned preparation acetylene and sooty device, it is characterized in that in material sparger 2, the methane feed pipe that has two groups of radial symmetry to install, one group of feed-pipe 8,8 ' another group feed-pipe 9,9 ' link to each other with material sparger 2 with tangential direction is installed with material sparger 2 axial angles 30 degree～45 degree.
Plasma (orifice) gas is a hydrogen.Hydrogen plasma has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy, and has a large amount of active particles, and this is to C in the Methane Conversion
2It is highly beneficial that the H free radical is converted into acetylene, can prevent that acetylene from decomposing simultaneously.The security of taking into account system adopts nitrogen as arc gas and system's displacement gas.Plasma jet produces between plasma generator negative electrode and anode, because plasma generator negative electrode gas and anode gas adopt the eddy flow air inlet, therefore, the plasma jet of generation has certain turning effort.
Consider that methane pyrolysis produces acetylene and sooty needs, the flow state and the residence time of pyrolysis gas in reactor of control methane are very important.The present invention adopts two kinds of intake methods and uses, a kind of intake method is that methane gas becomes axially to become 30 degree～45 degree angles with plasma jet, methane gas is mixed with plasma jet form higher concentration range, another kind is to adopt tangential admission, the reasonable cooperation of two kinds of intake methods can be controlled the residence time of material at reactor effectively, this is very important to methane conversion and acetylene yield, and it is also very important to prepare carbon black for orientation.Simultaneously in the methane pyrolysis process, produce certain coking material at reactor wall easily, reactor is stopped up in the generation of coking material easily, be unfavorable for that pyrolytic carries out continuously, adopt tangential admission between charcoal fragment that high temperature pyrolysis produces and reactor wall, to play iris action, reduce or eliminate the coking of reactor.
In the methane pyrolysis process, the temperature out of reactor is not less than 1500 ℃.High-temperature material will be handled through a quenching, and this can effectively prevent the decomposition and the C of acetylene
2H functional group is compounded to form acetylene, improves the yield of acetylene.The quenching temperature is controlled between 200 ℃～300 ℃, and quenching medium is a methane gas.It is big that the quenching temperature is crossed low quenching medium consumption, and the temperature height is unfavorable for the processing of back step gas.Methane both can make full use of the waste heat of pyrolysis gas as quenching medium, helped the separation of product gas again.
Implement the device that plasma pyrolysis of the present invention is rich in methane gas and mainly contain arc plasma generator 1, material sparger 2, pyrolysis reactor 3, quencher 4, gas-solid separator 5.They are vertically installed on the axis of reactor according to the order of sequence.Material sparger 2 have that two groups of symmetries install the methane gas feed-pipe, one group of feed-pipe and material sparger axially become 30 to spend～45 and spend installation, another group links to each other with the material sparger with tangential direction.Methane gas enters in the material sparger by these two groups of feed-pipes, finally enters pyrolysis reactor.In the reactor lower part outlet quencher, cooling pyrolysis gas are set.
Description of drawings
Comparable device figure sets forth content of the present invention, wherein:
Plasma pyrolysis shown in Figure 1 is rich in methane gas device and flow process
The material sparger of methane air inlet shown in Figure 2
A-A cross section in the material sparger shown in Figure 3
Label among the figure is:
1. plasma generator 2. round tube type material spargers 3. pyrolysis reactors
4. quencher 5. gas-solid separators 8 and 8 ' feed-pipe 9 and 9 ' feed-pipe
Plasma methane pyrolysis plant (Fig. 1) comprises dc arc plasma generator 1, and the plasma generator that produces plasma jet is made up of negative electrode and anode.Controlled power of direct current provides power for plasma generator, and plasma generator is vertically mounted on the round tube type material sparger 2, with pyrolysis reactor 3, quencher 4, gas-solid separator 5 deads in line.Pyrolysis reactor 3, quencher 4, gas-solid separator 5 are installed in material sparger bottom successively.Pyrolysis reactor is a round tube type, liner graphite.On material sparger 2, the methane feed pipe that has two groups of symmetries to install, one group 8,8 ' radially axially becoming 30 degree～45 degree angles relatively and with the material sparger, another group 9,9 ' radially relative, tangential direction links to each other with the material sparger, and methane gas enters in the plasma jet by these two groups of feed-pipes.Material enters pyrolysis reactor 3 by the material sparger.Pyrolysis gas enters quencher 4 by reactor outlet, is cooled at this pyrolysis gas.Gas enters cyclonic separator 6 dedustings, and the solid product carbon black enters black collector 5.
Gas-phase product behind the quenching is discharged from gas-solid separator, obtains final product-acetylene through dedusting, absorption and desorption.
Method of the present invention is carried out as follows, and methane gas enters in the plasma jet with two kinds of different directions in the material sparger, regulates two bursts of temperature out and residence time that air input is kept reactor.Outlet pyrolysis gas at reactor cools off fast, and cooled product gas is through gas solid separation, and solid product is a carbon black, and gas-phase product obtains product gas acetylene through operations such as absorption, desorbs.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In plasma generator, at first feed nitrogen, under the high-frequency impulse effect, gas breakdown applies energy, keeps plasma arc and produces.When being adjusted to the voltage and current of requirement, open hydrogen, reduce nitrogen flow simultaneously, stop up to nitrogen, when plasma (orifice) gas is hydrogen till.The testing plasma body heat is separated temperature of reactor, when temperature at 1700 ℃, and when remaining unchanged, feed methane gas, the controlling reactor temperature out is at 1500 ℃, when stable, detects acetylene content before and after the quenching, regulates two bursts of air input ratios according to content.Regulate the flow of quenching medium methane gas, the after heat of control quenching is vented one's spleen the body temperature degree at 200 ℃.Methane conversion is higher than 90%, and the acetylene yield is prepared high-quality carbon black simultaneously greater than 65%.
Embodiment 2
In plasma generator, at first feed nitrogen, under the high-frequency impulse effect, gas breakdown applies energy, keeps plasma arc and produces.When being adjusted to the voltage and current of requirement, open hydrogen, reduce nitrogen flow simultaneously, stop up to nitrogen, when plasma (orifice) gas is hydrogen till.The testing plasma body heat is separated temperature of reactor, when temperature at 1750 ℃ and when remaining unchanged, feed methane gas, the controlling reactor temperature out is at 1600 ℃, when stable, detects acetylene content before and after the quenching, regulates two bursts of air input ratios according to content.Regulate the flow of quenching medium methane gas, the after heat of control quenching is vented one's spleen the body temperature degree at 250 ℃.Methane conversion is higher than 90%, and the acetylene yield is prepared high-quality carbon black simultaneously greater than 65%.
Embodiment 3
In plasma generator, at first feed nitrogen, under the high-frequency impulse effect, gas breakdown applies energy, keeps plasma arc and produces.When being adjusted to the voltage and current of requirement, open hydrogen, reduce nitrogen flow simultaneously, stop up to nitrogen, when plasma (orifice) gas is hydrogen till.The testing plasma body heat is separated temperature of reactor, when temperature at 1800 ℃ and when remaining unchanged, feed methane gas, the controlling reactor temperature out is at 1600 ℃, when stable, detects acetylene content before and after the quenching, regulates two bursts of air input ratios according to content.Regulate the flow of quenching medium methane gas, the after heat of control quenching is vented one's spleen the body temperature degree between 300 ℃, and methane conversion is higher than 90%, and the acetylene yield is prepared high-quality carbon black simultaneously greater than 65%.
Claims (4)
1. one kind prepares acetylene and sooty method, comprise the steps: with nitrogen as arc gas and system's displacement gas, in dc arc plasma generator, feed hydrogen, produce the hydrogen plasma jet, to be rich in the gas of methane from axially becoming the angle direction of 30 degree～45 degree with the material sparger and entering the hydrogen plasma jet along material sparger tangential direction in the angle bottom, carry out pyrolytic reaction, the controlling reactor temperature out is more than 1500 ℃, pyrolysis gas and solid pass through the pyrolysis reactor port by the quenching medium quenching, form acetylene and carbon black, the temperature behind the pyrolysis material quenching is 200 ℃～300 ℃.
3. according to described preparation acetylene of claim 1 and sooty method, it is characterized in that being rich in methane gas is Sweet natural gas, coal-seam gas, carbonaceous material pyrolysis gas.
4. according to described preparation acetylene of claim 1 and sooty method, it is characterized in that material is a methane gas at the quenching medium that reactor outlet carries out quenching.
5. the device that is used for described preparation acetylene of claim 1 and sooty method, it is characterized in that this device comprises dc arc plasma generator (1), material sparger (2), pyrolysis reactor (3), quencher (4), gas-solid separator (5), they according to the order of sequence reactor axially on vertically install; In material sparger (2), the methane feed pipe that has two groups of radial symmetry to install, one group of feed-pipe (8,8 ') axially become 30 degree～45 degree angles to install with material sparger (2), another organizes feed-pipe (9,9 ') link to each other with material sparger (2) with tangential direction in above-mentioned feed-pipe (8,8 ') bottom.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 03138792 CN1232485C (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black |
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| CN 03138792 CN1232485C (en) | 2003-07-03 | 2003-07-03 | Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black |
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| CN1478765A CN1478765A (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| CN1232485C true CN1232485C (en) | 2005-12-21 |
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104355961B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2019-08-23 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | A kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor |
| CN104451762B (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | A kind of electric arc pyrolysis coal dust acetylene unit |
| CN106543777B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2018-09-14 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | A kind of carbon black and preparation method thereof and preparation facilities |
| CN109312916A (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-02-05 | 沙特基础工业全球技术公司 | Pass through the acetylene production of the fractional combustion of adaptable cross-sectional area |
| CN109503310A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-22 | 西南化工研究设计院有限公司 | A kind of technique of natural gas preparation high concentration acetylene and hydrogen |
| CN111569783B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2022-01-04 | 焦作市和兴化学工业有限公司 | Method for improving furnace inner wall coking in acetylene carbon black cracking production |
| KR102631446B1 (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-01-30 | (주)다다코리아 | Apparatus for manufacturing acetylene-black using ethanol injection and method thereof |
| CN115029021B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-03-28 | 合肥碳艺科技有限公司 | Preparation method of large-particle-size low-structure soft carbon black |
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