CN1230437A - 用于生产固体剂型的工艺 - Google Patents
用于生产固体剂型的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1230437A CN1230437A CN 99101076 CN99101076A CN1230437A CN 1230437 A CN1230437 A CN 1230437A CN 99101076 CN99101076 CN 99101076 CN 99101076 A CN99101076 A CN 99101076A CN 1230437 A CN1230437 A CN 1230437A
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- acid
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- technology
- sulfo group
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/2031—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, poloxamers
- A61K9/2045—Polyamides; Polyaminoacids, e.g. polylysine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
- A61K9/2095—Tabletting processes; Dosage units made by direct compression of powders or specially processed granules, by eliminating solvents, by melt-extrusion, by injection molding, by 3D printing
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于生产固体剂型的工艺。它包括以下步骤:将至少一种聚合粘合剂、至少一种活性组分(如果需要的话)和常规添加剂(如果需要的话)进行混合以形成一种塑性混合物,聚合粘合剂使用带有磺基的聚酰胺。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于生产固体剂型的工艺,该工艺包括以下步骤:把至少一种聚合粘合剂和(如果需要的话)至少一种活性组分以及(如果需要的话)常规添加剂进行混合以形成一种塑性混合物并成形。本发明特别涉及一种用于生产固体药物剂型的工艺。
用于生产固体药物剂型、特别是片剂的传统工艺是分批进行的并且包括多个步骤。因此,药物颗粒是一种重要的中间产物。例如,在“Pharmazeutische Technologie”一书(作者为Bauer、Frmmig和Führer教授,Thieme Verlag,292页下等)中公开了通过干燥颗粒法可以由熔化物制备药物剂型。通过熔化和震动固化作用、通过浇注和粉碎或通过在喷粉塔中制粒来生产固化的熔化物颗粒的可能性早已有记载。对于生产药物来说,这些工艺中的一个难题是必须精确成形。通常会产生不规则的颗粒或碎片,使所得到的形状完全不符合常规的药物剂型,因而此颗粒在独立作为药物剂型方面价值很小。生产所需的固体药物剂型要求使用进一步的加工步骤、诸如在压片机中的压制步骤。这既耗时又昂贵。
在相当长的一段时间内人们已经熟知一种生产固体药物剂型非常简单的连续工艺,且这种工艺要求挤压不含溶剂的含有活性组分的聚合粘合剂的熔化物,并且例如在一种带有模塑辊的压延机中将这种压出物成形为所需的药物剂型,参见EP-A-240904、EP-A-240906和EP-A-337256和EP-A-358105。以这种方式进行特殊的成形步骤是有可能的。所用的聚合粘合剂是N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的聚合物或其与乙烯基乙酸酯的共聚物。
聚酰胺在医药技术和药剂学中的应用对于本领域技术人员来说是公知的。移植物、经皮给药的药用物质、透析膜和药物包衣材料仅代表聚酰胺多方面应用范围的几个实例。
例如,WO96/21427A1记载了在具有可控制释放活性组分的液体药物制剂中将聚酰胺用作生物降解、不溶于水、含聚酰胺的共聚物的可能性。这些聚合物含有溶解、分散或悬浮形式的活性组分。
在WO93/24154A1中描述了在固体药物组合物中聚酰胺的应用。这些组合物以熔纺聚合物为主,这些主要为无定形的聚合物是想确保快速而恒定地释放活性组分。
在DE-A-1766546中记载了用于生产药丸和片剂的工艺。该工艺包括成形步骤,其中将载体物质转化成含有分散和/或溶解形式活性组分的熔化物,这种熔化物放入一对旋转辊的槽样空间内,在这种辊的外表面上装配有模槽以便容纳包衣组合物并使辊冷却以便使液体包衣组合物在模槽内固化,且以这种方式获得的医药产品放置在模槽内。载体物质也可以包括热塑性物质,诸如聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯或丙烯腈/苯乙烯。
在EP381445A2和EP381446A1中描述了能够延缓释放活性组分的含有聚酰胺的组合物。这些组合物包括牙用或口服治疗的局部用组合物,其中在纤维素或疏水聚合物中包含有相应的活性组分。
在DE4037518A1中描述了带有磺基的聚合物作为用于生产特殊树脂颗粒的合适成分,所述的树脂颗粒具有很窄的大小分布且基本上为球形。可以将这类树脂颗粒特别用于电照相的色调剂。该文献中还顺带提及了作为用于医药产品的载体的用途。
然而,在许多情况中上述组合物的生产过程是很复杂的并由此耗时而昂贵,并且在多数情况中导致剂型具有快速释放的特性。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于生产延缓释放活性组分的固体剂型、特别是药物剂型的简易而低成本的工艺。
我们已经发现通过经挤压熔化物和(而且)使用带有磺基的聚酰胺作为粘合剂而生产药物剂型可以达到这一目的。
本发明由此涉及一种用于生产固体剂型的工艺,该工艺通过以下步骤进行:把至少一种聚合粘合剂、至少一种活性组分(如果需要的话)和常规添加剂(如果需要的话)进行混合以形成一种塑性混合物并成形,聚合粘合剂使用带有磺基的聚酰胺。
这种新工艺使得以简易而低成本方式生产固体剂型成为可能。带有磺基的聚酰胺的有益特性不会受到转化成塑态的消弱。此外,新工艺令人意外地是它能使剂型具有极为缓慢地释放活性组分的特性(缓释制剂),而先前使用的聚酰胺使得剂型具有快速释放活性组分的特性。这样通过与快速释放辅助剂的混合使得实现任何所需的释放曲线成为可能。此外,由于玻璃化温度较高,使得生产甚至在高温下仍具有良好贮存稳定性的固体、无粘着性剂型成为可能。
本文中的剂型指的是适合作药物、植物治疗组合物、人类和动物食品和输送香料和芳香油的所有剂型。例如,这些剂型不仅包括任意形状的片剂、小丸、颗粒剂,而且包括较大的剂型,诸如立方体、块状(块)或圆柱的形式,特别是可以将它们用作人类或动物食品。
根据本发明得到的剂型一般包括:
a)0-90重量%、特别是0.1-60重量%(以剂型的总重为基准)的活性组分,
b)10-100重量%、特别是40-99.9重量%的聚合粘合剂和
c)添加剂(如果需要的话)。
如果将剂型用于人类或动物食品的目的,那么该剂型中可以不含活性组分,即剂型可以包括达100%的聚合粘合剂。
本发明所用的聚合粘合剂是带有磺基的聚酰胺。可以将磺基引入一种或多种所用的单体中以便构建聚酰胺。此外,这些单体可以具有一个或多个磺基。一般来说,带有磺基单体的摩尔比例至少为0.5mol%且优选不大于50mol%。特别优选5-35%mol%,尤其是10-30mol%。
带有磺基的二羧酸特别适用于构建本发明所用的聚酰胺。如果除这些带有磺基的二羧酸外还使用其它的二羧酸,那么带有磺基的二羧酸与其它二羧酸的摩尔比通常为1∶99-99∶1,优选10∶90-70∶30且特别是20∶80-60∶40。
优选使用的带有磺基的聚酰胺选自:
A1)0-90mol%的至少一种单氨基羧酸、其内酰胺或单氨基羧酸/内酰胺混合物,
A2)5-50mol%的至少一种伯或仲二胺,
A3)0.5-49.5mol%的至少一种带有磺基的二羧酸且如果需要的话,
A4)0.5-49.5mol%的至少一种其它的二羧酸,其中单体A3)和A4)的总摩尔比例基本上相当于单体A2)的摩尔比例。
特别优选使用获自下列物质的带有磺基的聚酰胺
A1)0-50mol%的至少一种单氨基羧酸、其内酰胺或单氨基羧酸/内酰胺混合物,
A2)45-50mol%的至少一种伯或仲二胺,
A3)5-35mol%的至少一种带有磺基的二羧酸和(如果需要的话),
A4)15-45mol%的至少一种其它的二羧酸,其中单体A3)和A4)的总摩尔比例基本上相当于单体A2)的摩尔比例。
特别优选的带有磺基的聚酰胺选自
A1)0-45mol%的至少一种单氨基羧酸、其内酰胺或单氨基羧酸/内酰胺混合物,
A2)47.5-50mol%的至少一种伯或仲二胺,
A3)10-30mol%的至少一种带有磺基的二羧酸和(如果需要的话),
A4)20-40mol%的至少一种其它的二羧酸,其中单体A3)和A4)的总摩尔比例基本上相当于单体A2)的摩尔比例。
如果存在的话,成分A1的比例至少为0.5mol%。
有益的聚酰胺仅选自上述单体A2)、A3)和A4)。在这种情况中,单体A2)的摩尔比例为50mol%。单体A3)和A4)的摩尔比例在上述限度内变化,总计同样为50mol%。
如果将至少两种不同的二胺用于制备新型聚合物,将是特别有利的。
合适的单体A1)是用于制备聚酰胺所公知的单氨基羧酸及其内酰胺。优选它们是C2-C12-单氨基羧酸,特别是通式为H2N-R1-COOH的单氨基羧酸,其中R1是直链或支链的饱和或不饱和的脂族、环脂族或芳香基。这类的基团R1也可以被分别选自于羟基或C1-C4-烷氧基的基团取代一次或多次。合适的单氨基羧酸和内酰胺的实例是ω-氨基十一烷酸、吡咯烷酮、ε-己内酰胺、月桂内酰胺、辛内酰胺或庚内酰胺。
合适的单体A2)的实例是C2-C18的伯二胺,特别是那些通式为H2N-R2-NH2的化合物,其中R2是:带有2-18,优选带有2-14且特别是带有5-11个碳原子的直链或支链的饱和和不饱和的脂族基,它可以被分别选自于羟基或C1-C4-烷氧基的基团取代一次或多次;带有5-8个碳原子且优选带有6个碳原子的饱和或不饱和环脂族基,它可以被分别选自于羟基、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、多个且特别是两个相互连接并且属于上述所确定类型的环脂族基的基团取代一次或多次;带有6-18个,优选带有6-12个碳原子的芳香基且特别是苯基,它可以被分别选自于羟基、C1-C4-烷基、C1-C4-烷氧基、多个且特别是两个相互连接并且属于上述所确定类型的芳香基的基团取代一次或多次。优选的是脂族和环脂族基。
相互连接的环脂族基或芳香基通过一个键或一个二价基相互连接,对于二价基来说可能是(特别是)C1-C4-亚烷基,诸如亚甲基、1,1-、1,2-亚乙基、1,1-、1,2-、1,3-和2,2-丙烯基、-O-、-S-、-SO2-、C(O)和上述所确定类型的被-O-、-S-、-SO2-或C(O)截断的亚烷基。
优选的脂族基是亚烷基或可以被-O-、-S-、-SO2-或C(O)截断一次或多次的亚烷基。
优选的环脂族基是可以被-O-、-S-、-SO2-或C(O)截断一次或多次的环烷基或环链烯基。
合适的伯二胺的实例是亚烷基二胺或环烷基二胺,诸如1,2-乙二胺、1,5-戊二胺、二(4-氨基环己基)甲烷、2,2-二(4-氨基环己基)丙烷、二(3-甲基-4-氨基环己基)甲烷或优选六亚甲基二胺。另外合适的是2,2,4-三甲基-六亚甲基二胺、2-丁基-2-乙基-1,5-戊二胺、2-甲基戊二甲胺或4,7-二噁癸烷-1,10-二胺。
仲二胺作为单体A2)也是合适的,例如,那些来源于通过由一个合适的取代基如C1-C3-烷基取代至少一个胺上的氢的上述类型伯二胺的化合物。
其中相互独立的R2’和R2”可以具有上述对R2所述的含义。这类二胺的实例是哌嗪。
带有磺基的合适单体A3)是那些其中磺基为盐形式的化合物,例如诸如锂、钠或钾这样的碱金属盐或任选被1-4个脂族基或芳香基取代的铵基。带有磺基的合适单体是C4-C20-的磺酸盐且优选C4-C12-二羧酸。特别合适的二羧酸是那些通式为HOOC-R3-COOH的化合物,其中R3可以具有上述R2的含义。
优选R3是一个芳香基。它包括苯基、萘基或二苯基且两个苯基通过一个二价基相互连接。这类二价基的实例如上所述。
磺基可以直接或通过一个C1-C4亚烷基桥与R3连接。带有磺基的脂族二羧酸的一个实例是磺基琥珀酸。带有磺基的合适的芳香二羧酸例如基于苯二甲酸、间苯二酸、对苯二酸、1,4-和2,6-萘二甲酸、3,3’-和4,4’-联苯二羧酸、3,3’-和4,4’-二苯甲烷二羧酸或2-苯氧基对苯二酸者。一般来说,芳香二羧酸带有一个或两个磺基。它们可以通过羧基直接、例如作为5-磺基间苯二酸的形式或通过一个二价桥、例如作为5-磺基丙氧基间苯二酸的形式与未被取代的任意位置连接。特别优选的是5-磺基间苯二酸的盐,尤其是钠盐。
合适的和优选的单体A4)是C2-C16-二羧酸且特别是通式为HOOC-R4-COOH的二羧酸。除R4不带有磺基以外,基团R3的定义原则上适用于基团R4。脂族二羧酸的实例是壬二酸、十四双酸或优选己二酸或癸二酸。合适的芳香二羧酸的实例是间苯二酸或对苯二酸,它们可以被取代,诸如3-叔丁基间苯二酸,还有3,3’-或4,4’-联苯二羧酸、3,3’-或4,4’-二苯甲烷二羧酸、二(3-或4-羧苯基)砜、1,4-或2,6-萘二甲酸或2-苯氧基对苯二酸。
对于所有的单体基团来说,当然也可以使用特殊单体的混合物。
实际上可以按照一种公知的方式制备带有磺基的聚酰胺。
可提及的优选制备方式是批量生产工艺(不连续的制备方式)。该工艺要求在一种压热器中0.5-3小时的过程里将单体水溶液加热至240-300%的温度范围,在此期间使压力达到10-50巴、特别是15-30巴并通过释放过量蒸汽而将压力保持恒定达4小时。然后在0.5-3小时内在恒定的温度下使压热器减压至大气压。接着从压热器中取出聚合物熔化物,将它们用空气或氮气冷却,随后制粒。
按照这种方式获得的共聚多酰胺通常具有的粘度值为25-110ml/g,优选30-80ml/g,以测定溶于浓度为96%硫酸的0.5重量%的溶液为准。
共聚物一般具有的K值至少为7,优选为10-250。聚合物可以具有的K值达300。用H.Fikentscher法(Cellulosechemie,第13卷,58-64和71-74(1932))在25℃、浓度为0.1%-5%的水溶液或有机溶剂中来测定K值,这取决于K值的范围。
除上述聚合粘合剂外,以粘合剂的总重为基准,还能够使用特别是达30重量%的其它粘合剂,诸如聚合物、共聚物、纤维素衍生物、淀粉和淀粉衍生物。合适的实例是:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP);N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)与乙烯基酯的共聚物、特别是乙烯基乙酸酯;乙烯基乙酸酯与巴豆酸的共聚物;部分水解的聚乙酸乙烯酯;聚乙烯醇;聚乙烯甲酰胺;部分或完全水解的聚乙烯甲酰胺;聚(丙烯酸羟烷基酯);聚(异丁烯酸羟烷基酯);聚丙烯酸酯和聚甲基丙烯酸酯(Eudragit类);异丁烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸的共聚物;聚丙烯酰胺;聚乙二醇;纤维素酯;纤维素醚、特别是甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素;羟烷基纤维素、特别是羟丙基纤维素;羟烷基烷基纤维素、特别是羟丙基乙基纤维素;邻苯二甲酸纤维素、特别是乙酸邻苯二甲酸纤维素和邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素;以及甘露聚糖、特别是半乳甘露聚糖。在它们中,特别优选的是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮与乙烯基酯的共聚物、聚(丙烯酸羟烷基酯)、聚(异丁烯酸羟烷基酯)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、烷基纤维素和羟烷基纤维素。
在50-180℃,优选60-130℃的范围内,聚合粘合剂必须在所有成分的完整混合物中软化或熔化。由此,该混合物的玻璃化温度必须低于180℃,优选低于130℃。如果必要的话,用常规的药理学上可接受的增塑辅助剂来降低温度。增塑剂的量不超过粘合剂与增塑剂总重的30%以便形成不表现出冷流的可稳定贮存的药物剂型。然而,优选该混合物不含有增塑剂。
这类增塑剂的实例是:
长链醇;乙二醇;丙二醇;丙三醇;三甲氧基丙烷;三甘醇;丁二醇;戊醇、诸如季戊四醇;己醇;聚乙二醇;聚丙二醇;聚乙二醇/丙二醇;硅氧烷;芳香羧酸酯(例如,邻苯二甲酸二烃酯、偏苯三酸酯、苯甲酸酯、对苯二酸酯)或脂族二羧酸酯(例如,己二酸二烃酯、癸二酸酯、壬二酸酯、柠檬酸和酒石酸酯);脂肪酸酯,诸如甘油一、二或三乙酸酯或二乙基磺基琥珀酸钠。增塑剂的浓度一般为混合物总重的0.5-15%,优选0.5-5%。
总量可达100%聚合物重量的常规药物辅助剂是:例如补充剂和填充剂,诸如硅酸盐或硅藻土;氧化镁;氧化铝;二氧化钛;硬脂酸或其盐、例如镁或钙盐;甲基纤维素;羧甲基纤维素钠;滑石;蔗糖;乳糖;谷类或玉米淀粉;马铃薯粉;聚乙烯醇,浓度为混合物总重的0.02-50%,优选0.20-20%。
润滑剂,诸如硬脂酸镁和硬脂酸钙、滑石和硅氧烷,其浓度为混合物总重的0.1-5%,优选0.1-3%。
流动剂,诸如动物或植物油脂、特别是它们的氢化形式和在室温下为固体的那些物质。这些油脂优选具有50℃或50℃以上的熔点。优选的是C12、C14、C16和C18脂肪酸的甘油三酯。也能够使用诸如巴西棕榈蜡这样的蜡。有利的是将这些油脂和蜡单独或与单和/或二脂酰甘油酯或磷脂、特别是卵磷脂一起混合。单和二脂酰甘油酯优选来源于上述脂肪酸类。油脂、蜡、单、二脂酰甘油酯和/或卵磷脂的总量为每层组合物总重的0.1-30%,优选0.1-5%。
染料,诸如偶氮染料、有机或无机色素或天然来源的染料,对于无机色素来说,浓度为混合物总重的0.001-10%较好,优选0.5-3%。
稳定剂,诸如抗氧化剂、抗光剂、氢过氧化物破坏剂、自由基清除剂、抗微生物侵袭稳定剂。
还能够加入润湿剂、防腐剂、崩解剂、吸附剂、隔离剂、分散添加剂、推进剂和消泡剂(参照,例如H.Sucker等,Pharmazeutische Technologie,Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart1978)。
用于本发明目的的辅助剂包括用于生产活性组分固体溶液的物质。这些辅助剂的实例是季戊四醇和四乙酸季戊四醇酯、诸如聚环氧乙烷和聚环氧丙烷及其嵌段共聚物(泊洛沙姆)这样的聚合物、诸如卵磷脂这样的磷脂、乙烯基吡咯烷酮的均-和共聚物、诸如硬脂酸-40-聚氧乙烯这样的表面活性剂、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、胆汁酸、甾醇以及如(例如)J.L.Ford,Pharm.Acta Helv.61(1986)69-88中所列的其它物质。
所加入的辅助剂也可以是碱和酸来控制活性组分的溶解度(参见,例如,K.Thoma等,Pharm.Ind.51(1989)98-101)。
辅助剂适应性的唯一的先决条件是足够的热稳定性。
用于本发明的活性组分指的是所有具有生理作用的物质,条件是它们不会在加工条件下分解。它们特别是药物活性组分(用于人类和动物)、用于植物治疗的活性组分、杀虫剂、人类和动物食品的活性组分、香料和芳香油。每剂量单位的活性组分的量和浓度可以在很宽的限度内变化,这取决于活性和释放速率。唯一的条件是它们足以达到所需的作用。因此,活性组分的浓度可以在0.1-95重量%,优选20-80重量%、特别是30-70重量%的范围。也能够使用活性组分的混合物。用于本发明目的的活性组分还包括维生素和矿物质。维生素包括A族、B族维生素(除B1、B2、B6和B12以及烟酸和烟酰胺外,还包括具有B族维生素特性的化合物,诸如腺嘌呤、胆碱、泛酸、生物素、腺苷酸、叶酸、乳清酸、潘氨酸、肉碱、对氨基苯甲酸、肌醇和硫辛酸)、以及维生素C、D族、E族、F族、H族、I族和J族、K族和P族的维生素。用于本发明目的的活性组分还包括治疗用肽。植物治疗剂包括、例如乙烯菌核利、环氧唑(epoxiconazole)和喹草酸。
例如,新工艺适用于加工下列活性组分:
醋丁洛尔、乙酰半胱氨酸、乙酰水杨酸、阿昔洛韦、阿普唑仑、阿法骨化醇、尿囊素、别嘌醇、氨溴索、阿米卡星、阿米洛利、甘氨酸、胺碘酮、阿米替林、氨氯地平、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、抗坏血酸、阿司帕坦、阿司咪唑、阿替洛尔、倍氯米松、苄丝肼、苯扎氢氯化铵、苯佐卡因、苯甲酸、倍他米松、苯札贝特、生物素、比哌立登、比索洛尔、溴西泮、溴己新、溴隐亭、布地缩松、丁苯羟酸、甲氧吡丁苯、丁螺环酮、咖啡因、樟脑、卡托普利、卡马西平、卡比多巴、卡铂、头孢克罗(cefachlor)、头孢氨苄、头孢羟氨苄、头孢唑啉、头孢克肟、头孢噻肟、头孢他定、头孢曲松、头孢氨呋肟、司立吉林、氯霉素、氯己定、氯苯那敏、氯噻酮、胆碱、环孢菌素、西司他丁、西咪替丁、环丙沙星、西沙比利、顺铂、甲红霉素、克拉维酸、氯丙咪嗪、氯硝西泮、可乐定、克霉唑、可待因、消胆胺、色甘酸、维生素B12、环丙孕酮、去氧孕烯、地塞米松、右泛醇、右美沙芬、右丙氧芬(dextropropoxiphene)、地西泮、双氯芬酸钠、地高辛、二氢可待因、双氢麦角胺、二氢麦角碱、硫氮酮、苯海拉明、双嘧达莫、安乃近、丙吡胺、多潘立酮、多巴胺、多西环素、依那普利、麻黄碱、肾上腺素、维生素D2、麦角胺、红霉素、雌二醇、炔雌醇、依托泊甙、蓝桉、法莫替丁、非洛地平、非诺贝特、非诺特罗、芬太尼、黄素单核苷酸、氟康唑、氟桂嗪、氟尿嘧啶、氟西汀、氟比洛芬、呋塞米、加罗帕米、吉非贝齐、庆大霉素、银杏、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、氯氮平、光果甘草、灰黄霉素、愈创木酚甘油醚、氟哌啶醇、肝素、玻璃糖醛酸、氢氯噻嗪、氢可因酮、氢化可的松、二氢吗啡酮、异丙托氢氧化胺、布洛芬、亚胺培南、吲哚美辛、碘海醇、碘必乐、硝酸异山梨酯、单硝酸异山梨酯、异维甲酸、酮替芬、酮康唑、酮基布洛芬、酮咯酸、柳胺苄心定、乳果糖、卵磷脂、左卡尼汀、左旋多巴、左旋谷酰胺、左炔诺酮、左甲状腺素、利多卡因、脂酶、丙咪嗪、赖诺普利、洛哌丁胺、劳拉西泮、洛伐他丁、甲羟孕酮、薄荷脑、甲氨蝶呤、甲基多巴、甲泼尼龙、甲氧氯普胺、美多洛尔、咪康唑、咪达唑仑、二甲胺四环素、米诺地尔、米索前列醇、吗啡、多种维生素混合物或组合物以及矿物盐、N-甲麻黄碱、萘呋胺酯、萘普生、新霉素、硝苯乙吡啶、瑟米恩、烟酰胺、烟碱、烟酸、硝苯地平、尼莫地平、硝西泮、尼群地平、尼唑替丁、炔诺酮、诺氟沙星、炔诺孕酮、去甲替林、制霉素、氧氟沙星、奥美拉唑、奥丹西隆、胰酶、泛醇、泛酸、对乙酰氨基酚、青霉素G、青霉素V、苯巴比妥、己酮可可碱、苯氧甲基青霉素、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺、苯妥英、炎痛喜康、多粘菌素B、聚乙烯碘酮、帕伐他丁、普拉西泮、哌唑嗪、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、溴隐亭、普罗帕酮、普萘洛尔、羟丙茶碱、假麻黄碱、维生素B6、奎尼丁、雷米普利、糠硝烯二酸、利血平、维生素A、维生素B2、利福平、维生素P、糖精、沙丁胺醇、沙卡托宁、水杨酸、西伐司丁、索马托品、索他洛尔、螺内酯、硫糖铝、舒巴克坦、磺胺甲噁唑、柳氮磺吡啶、舒必利、他莫昔芬、呋氟脲嘧啶、替普瑞酮、特拉唑嗪、特布他林、丁苯哌丁醇、四环素、茶碱、维生素B1、噻氯匹定、噻吗洛尔、氨甲环酸、维A酸、曲安奈德、氨苯喋啶、甲氧苄啶、曲克芦丁、尿嘧啶、丙戊酸、去甲万古霉素、维拉帕米、维生素E、亚叶酸、叠氮胸苷。
优选的活性组分是布洛芬(作为外消旋物、对映体或浓缩对映体)、酮基布洛芬、氟比洛芬、阿司匹林、维拉帕米、对乙酰氨基酚、硝苯地平或卡托普利。
为了生产固体剂型,制备各成分的塑性混合物(熔化物),然后将该混合物成形。有许多混合各成分和使熔化物成形的方式。在熔化物形成之前、过程中和/或之后可以进行混合步骤。例如,首先可以将各成分混合且然后将各成分熔化,或者同时将各成分混合和熔化。然后将塑性混合物匀化以便充分分散活性组分。
然而,已经证实:尤其是当使用敏感性活性组分时,优选首先将聚合粘合剂熔化并且如果需要的话、使用一种常规的药物添加剂制备一种预混合物,然后在很短的滞留时间内在强度混合器中的塑性相中混合敏感性活性组分(匀化)。为了这一目的,可以使用活性组分的固体剂型或溶液或分散液。
生产工艺中一般是这样使用这些成分的。然而,也可以使用它们的液体剂型,即,例如溶液、悬浮液或分散液。
用于成分液体剂型的合适溶剂主要是水或与水易混溶的有机溶剂或其与水的混合物。然而,也能够使用与水不相混溶或与水易混溶的有机溶剂。与水易混溶的合适溶剂是(特别是)C1-C4-链烷醇,诸如乙醇、异丙醇或正丙醇;多元醇,诸如乙二醇、丙三醇和聚乙二醇。与水不相混溶的合适溶剂是烷烃,诸如戊烷或己烷;酯、诸如乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯;氯化烃、诸如二氯甲烷;以及芳香烃、诸如甲苯和二甲苯。另一种可以使用的溶剂是液态CO2。
在各种情况中所用的溶剂取决于所溶解的成分及其特性。例如,经常使用一般溶于水的盐的药物活性组分。由此,可以将水溶性活性组分用作粘合剂水溶液或优选将它们溶解在粘合剂的水溶液或分散体中。如果所用的液体剂型以有机溶剂为主,那么相应的情况适用于可溶于所述溶剂之一的活性组分。
尽管要求和/或需要添加合适的辅助剂、诸如乳化剂,但是如果需要的话,能够通过在上述溶剂中溶解、悬浮或分散来取代熔化。然后一般将溶剂除去以便在一种合适的设备、例如一种挤压机中形成熔化物。下文中的术语混合过程包括这一步骤。
熔化和/或混合过程在一种通常用于这一目的的设备中进行。特别合适的设备是如果需要的话可加热并带有搅拌机的挤压机或容器、例如捏和机(象那些下述类型的设备)。
特别合适的混合设备是一种用于在塑料技术中进行混合的设备。例如,在“Mischen Beim Herstellen und Verarbeiten vonKunstsoffen”,H.Pahl,VDI-Verlag,1986中描述了合适的设备。特别合适的混合设备是挤压机和动态和静态混合器;以及搅拌容器;带有剥离器机械装置的单轴搅拌器、尤其是调浆机;多轴搅拌器、尤其是PDSM混合器;固体混合器和(优选)混合器/捏和机反应器(例如,由List提供的ORP、CRP、AP、DTB;或由Krauss-Maffei提供的Reactotherm;或由Buss提供的Ko-Kneter);槽式混合器和密闭式混合机或转子/定子系统(例如,由IKA提供的Dispax)。
就敏感性活性组分来说,优选首先在挤压机中熔化聚合粘合剂,然后在混合器/捏和机反应器中混合活性组分。另一方面,对于极少量敏感性活性组分来说,可以用转子/定子系统来剧烈分散活性组分。
可以按照常规的方式连续或分批向混合设备中装料,这取决于它的设计。例如,通过一种定量供给装置可以使粉状成分自由进料。可以使塑性组合物直接从挤压机或通过一种齿轮泵进料,如果粘性和压力过高,那么使用这些装置是特别有利的。在一种合适的泵装置中可以计量液体介质。
通过混合和/或熔化粘合剂、活性组分和(如果需要的话)添加剂而获得的混合物从糊状达到粘状(塑性)或流体且由此成为可挤压的物质。该混合物的玻璃化温度低于混合物中所含所有成分的分解温度。粘合剂应优选在生理介质中是可溶的或可膨胀的。
本工艺中的混合和熔化步骤可以在相同设备或两种或多种独立操作的设备中进行。在上述常规的混合设备之一中可以制备预混合物。然后,例如可以使这类预混合物直接进料到挤压机且随后进行挤压,如果需要的话可添加其它成分。
在新工艺中能够使用如单螺杆挤压机、固定螺杆挤压机、否则就使用多螺杆挤压机、尤其是双螺杆挤压机这样的挤压机进行旋转或反向旋转,且如果需要的话,给这些设备装配捏和盘。如果在挤压过程中必须蒸发溶剂,那么一般在挤压机中装配蒸发部件。特别优选的挤压机是是那些来自Werner和Pfleiderer的ZKS系列设备。
根据本发明,通过共挤压还能够生产多层药物剂型,其中将上述多种成分混合物与挤压塑模一起进料以便产生多层药物剂型所需的层状结构。对于不同的层状结构来说,优选使用不同的粘合剂。
多层药物剂型优选包括两层或三层。它们可以是开放式的或封闭式的,特别是开放式或封闭式的多层片剂。
至少一层含有至少一种药物活性组分。也能够使另一种活性组分包含在另一层中。这对于加工两种不能相互共存的活性组分或控制活性组分的释放特性来说是有利的。
通过把各个挤压机或其它装置中的混合物注入常用共挤压塑模并进行挤压的共同挤压来完成成形步骤。共挤压塑模的形状取决于所需的药物剂型。合适的塑模实例是平坦的孔板、称作缝模以及带有环形孔板的塑模。塑模的设计取决于所用的聚合粘合剂和所需的药物剂型。
优选所得的混合物不含溶剂,即它既不含水又不含有机溶剂。
通常将塑性混合物进行最终的成形。这可导致许多取决于塑模和成形方式的形状。例如,如果使用一种挤压机,那么可以使挤压物在带与辊之间、在两带与两辊之间成形(如EP-A-358105中所述)或通过在一种带有两个模塑辊的压延机中进行压延而成形(例如,参见EP-A-240904)。其它形状可以通过挤压并热或冷切挤压物而获得,例如小颗粒和均匀形状的小丸。热切制丸通常产生直径为1-10mm的透镜状剂型(片剂),而冷切制丸一般产生高与直径比为1-10且直径为0.5-10mm的圆柱形产品。所以不仅能够产生多层、而且在应用共挤压时能够产生开放式或封闭式多层药物剂型,例如椭圆形片剂、包衣片剂、锭剂和小丸。可以按照一种常规方式将所得颗粒研成粉并压成片剂。使用Rotoform-Sandvik工艺可以生产微锭剂。使用常规方法在随后的工艺步骤中用包衣材料对这些剂型进行包衣和/或为这些剂型提供包衣材料。薄膜包衣的合适材料的实例是诸如Eudragit类这样的聚丙烯酸酯;诸如羟丙基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯这样的纤维素酯;以及诸如乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素这样的纤维素醚。
在特殊情况中可以形成固体溶液。术语固体溶液为本领域技术人员所熟知,例如从本文开始所引用的文献中得知。在溶于聚合物的活性组分的固体溶液中,活性组分为聚合物中的分子分散体形式。
下面的实施例用来解释本新型工艺而不是用来对它限定。
实施例1
在下文所示的条件下,将来自16.67mol%的5-磺基间苯二酸钠、16.67mol%的间苯二酸、33.33mol%的六亚甲基二胺和33.33mol%的ε-己内酰胺(K值21.0;在二甲基甲酰胺中的浓度为1%;Mn(端基分析):6000-7000;Tg=149℃)的520g聚酰胺与480g盐酸维拉帕米进行挤压并使用EP-A-240904中所述的工艺将它们压延成500mg的椭圆形片剂。
阶段1:94℃
阶段2:150℃
阶段3:123℃
阶段4:100℃
阶段5:81℃
染色:79℃
8小时后释放的量为10%[USP搅槽法(pH可变)]。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于生产固体剂型的工艺,它包括以下步骤:将至少一种聚合粘合剂、至少一种活性组分(如果需要的话)和常规添加剂(如果需要的话)进行混合以形成一种塑性混合物并成形,聚合粘合剂使用带有磺基的聚酰胺。
2.一种如权利要求1所要求的工艺,其中带有磺基的聚酰胺选自:
A1)0-90mol%,优选0-50mol%,特别优选0-45mol%的至少一种单氨基羧酸、其内酰胺或单氨基羧酸/内酰胺混合物,
A2)5-50mol%,优选45-50mol%,特别优选47.5-50mol%的至少一种伯或仲二胺,
A3)0.5-49.5mol%,优选5-35mol%,特别优选10-30mol%的至少一种带有磺基的二羧酸和(如果需要的话)
A4)0.5-49.5mol%,优选15-45mol%,特别优选20-40mol%的至少一种其它的二羧酸,
其中单体A3)和A4)的总摩尔比例基本上相当于单体A2)的摩尔比例。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所要求的工艺,其中单体A2)包括至少两种不同的二胺。
4.一种如上述权利要求任意一项中所要求的工艺,其中带有磺基的二羧酸是5-磺基间苯二酸的钠盐。
5.一种如上述权利要求任意一项中所要求的工艺,其中通过在一种挤压机中混合和/或熔化各成分来形成塑性混合物。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项中所要求的用于生产含有药物活性组分的剂型工艺。
7.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项中所要求的用于生产植物治疗组合物的工艺。
8.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项中所要求的用于生产动物食品添加剂和补充剂的工艺。
9.一种如权利要求1-5任意一项中所要求的用于生产人类食品添加剂的工艺。
10.一种通过如权利要求1-9任意一项中所要求的工艺所获得的固体剂型。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19800927.5 | 1998-01-13 | ||
DE1998100927 DE19800927A1 (de) | 1998-01-13 | 1998-01-13 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen Dosierungsformen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1230437A true CN1230437A (zh) | 1999-10-06 |
Family
ID=7854453
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN 99101076 Pending CN1230437A (zh) | 1998-01-13 | 1999-01-13 | 用于生产固体剂型的工艺 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0931552A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11269098A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1230437A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2257547A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19800927A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1027886B1 (en) * | 1999-02-10 | 2008-07-09 | Pfizer Products Inc. | Pharmaceutical solid dispersions |
US7842308B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2010-11-30 | Smithkline Beecham Limited | Pharmaceutical formulation |
GB0102342D0 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2001-03-14 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulation |
US7883721B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2011-02-08 | Smithkline Beecham Limited | Pharmaceutical formulation |
TW200526274A (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2005-08-16 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulations |
TWI366442B (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2012-06-21 | Novartis Ag | Palatable ductile chewable veterinary composition |
PE20060003A1 (es) | 2004-03-12 | 2006-03-01 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Formulacion farmaceutica polimerica para moldear por inyeccion |
JP2011503048A (ja) | 2007-11-08 | 2011-01-27 | グラクソ グループ リミテッド | 医薬製剤 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3830355A1 (de) * | 1988-09-07 | 1990-03-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von pharmazeutischen tabletten |
CH689422A5 (de) * | 1995-02-01 | 1999-04-15 | Inventa Ag | Transparente Copolyamide, ihre Herstellung sowie Formkoerper aus den transparenten Copolyamiden. |
DE19605076A1 (de) * | 1996-02-12 | 1997-08-14 | Basf Ag | Sulfonatgruppentragende Polyamide und deren Verwendung zur Behandlung von keratinhaltigen Strukturen |
-
1998
- 1998-01-13 DE DE1998100927 patent/DE19800927A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-01-11 JP JP11004322A patent/JPH11269098A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-12 EP EP99100495A patent/EP0931552A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-01-12 CA CA 2257547 patent/CA2257547A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-01-13 CN CN 99101076 patent/CN1230437A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0931552A2 (de) | 1999-07-28 |
EP0931552A3 (de) | 2000-06-21 |
CA2257547A1 (en) | 1999-07-13 |
JPH11269098A (ja) | 1999-10-05 |
DE19800927A1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
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