CN1229073C - Method and apparatus of enhancing learning capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and apparatus for enhancing a user's learning capacity includes generating a reference signal having occurrences separated by time intervals and receiving from a user (6) a manipulation of a trigger (4). A temporal relationship (7) is determined between user manipulation of the trigger (4) and occurrence of the reference signal (2). A guidance signal (8) is generated that is a function of the temporal relationship (7) that is occasionally presented (9) to the user (6).

Description

Improve the method and apparatus of learning capacity

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that improves learning capacity.The present invention is applicable to the people of all age brackets, and it provides a kind of technology, and it needn't relate to tangible individual surface behavior (surfacebehavior of the indidual), therefore can be used by child and baby.

Background technology

The related application of cross reference

It is that August 13, sequence number in 1999 are 60/229361 the temporary patent application and the applying date to be that August 13, sequence number in 1999 are the priority of 60/219321 temporary patent application that the application requires the applying date, this by with reference to and with its disclosure on the whole as the application's a part.

Patent gazette US5,888,074A discloses a kind of device that is used for the measurement consciousness of automobile driver examination.Road surface and train flow diagram look like to be displayed to tested object, from tested object the road surface that generates and the response of wagon flow view data are put down in writing, test result processed and correspondingly make by or the judgement do not passed through.

Patent gazette US5,913,310A discloses a kind of video display devices that shows 3-D view, and it shows that reappearing a virtual reality simulates.This device is used to diagnosing human patient's psychopathic disorder.Some such simulations are utilized, because for a specific mental condition and/or disorder, each simulation all is special.

Patent gazette US5,511,982A discloses a kind of device of the ability that focuses on of test person, and it goes out a series of numerals with predefined variable velocity by voice recording is machine-readable, and the action of the pressing button when receiving testee and hearing a target number at every turn.

United States Patent (USP) 5529498 and 5743744 (this by with reference to and with it on disclosed content whole as the application's a part) in, I disclose a kind of apparatus and method of measuring and strengthening neuromotor harmony.Comprise in my technology described in the patent formerly and to produce and to send to the recurrent reference signal of user at least once in a while, its certain hour of being separated by separately occurs, and after in the end a reference signal occurs, utilize trigger that the response of predicting through the user of predetermined time interval is received.The response of user and the time domain between scheduled time relation was determined and utilizes it to generate a pilot signal after last reference signal occurred, and this pilot signal is the function of this time domain relation.This pilot signal attracts user along with the time adjustment is carried out in the appearance of reference signal.

In view of the immense success that adopts the disclosed raising neuromotor function of my previous patent technology, I have imagined this technology of use and have trained to improve individual learning capacity as plan and ordering.Through the evaluation of evaluation research project at the same level, this will be described in a more detailed discussion below in this design.

It is highly important that and should be the training that the child provides disclosed useful especially rhythm ability in my the previous patent.As R.Kotulak (this works is published in 1997 by Andrew McMeel publishing house) described in " brain inside; the novelty of brain work is found (Inside the Brain; Revolutionary Discoveries of How the Mind Works) " book, though the people in life brain can both all learn, never whenever can be able to catch up with the early stage activity of carrying out the child.In initial 3 years, a complete dependent child can form the new brain of an incredible complexity, this brain can make he or she can walk, talk, analyze, worried, like, play, study, and have the individual character of unique emotion.

Although disclosed technology has immeasurable advantage to user in my patent, I find and will strengthen this advantage with further improvement.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, the invention provides a kind of method that improves learning capacity.This method comprises reference signal of generation, and it separates appearance by interval, a trigger is set and receives the operation of user to this trigger.This method also comprises determines that user is to the operation of this trigger and the time domain relation between the appearance of described reference signal.This method comprises that further generating a pilot signal also sends this pilot signal to user at least once in a while, this pilot signal is the function of described time domain relation, and, a visual display is provided and shows a visual pattern that has described visual display, described visual pattern changes in appearance adaptively as a function of the user operation of described trigger, thereby the user that exceeds the described reference signal of independent response that improves user is operated the timing accuracy that is reached

A kind of device according to one aspect of the invention comprises an exercisable trigger of user and a controller, and this trigger can receive the operation of user to trigger.This controller produces a reference signal, and it is pressed interval and separately occurs.This controller is determined user to the operation of described trigger and the time domain relation between the reference signal appearance, and this controller also provides a kind of pilot signal to user at least once in a while, and this pilot signal is the function of time domain relation.To the signal of described trigger operation, this pilot signal is not sent to user for user within a special range.Described special range comprises the appearance of described reference signal.Preferably, before this special range occurs from described reference signal 15 milliseconds after described reference signal occurs 15 milliseconds.

A kind of device according to a further aspect of the present invention comprises an exercisable trigger of user, and this trigger can receive the operation of user to trigger.This device also comprises the controller of a reference signal of a kind of generation, this controller have separately occur at interval on schedule and definite user to the operation and the concrete time domain relation that occurs of described reference signal of described trigger.Described controller offers pilot signal of user at least occasionally, and this pilot signal is the function of described time domain relation.This controller also generates a phasing signal, and the user in this phasing signal guiding expectation is to the operation with respect to the described trigger of described reference signal.Preferably, this controller makes described phasing signal before the described reference signal or after described reference signal, optionally guides the operation of a user to described trigger.

The more detailed aspect according to the present invention, this framing signal provides and is described in a motion on the specific direction with a video output; For example, move forward along a paths etc.This framing signal with respect to the described movement locus in the specific direction, was operated described trigger along with transverse movement guides user selectively before or after reference signal.This phasing signal can also indicate user along with the variation of the movement velocity in the specific direction framing signal to be reacted.

According to another aspect of the present invention, this controller has an audio frequency output, and it is provided with a pair of stereophone that has left and right sides speaker.Changing the space sense of the pilot signal in the user brain to this audio signal that earphone speaker provided by controller.To the operation of described trigger and the function of the time domain relation between the appearance of described reference signal, this pilot signal is formed to change the space sense of user as user.

According to another aspect of the present invention, comprise a trigger and a delivery outlet that sends signal to user that is fit to by the operation of child's user.This device also comprises the controller of the described trigger operation of a response user, and it is used to generate a reference signal that separately produces by interval.This controller also can be determined the described trigger operation of user and the time domain relation between the appearance of described reference signal.This controller makes described output send a pilot signal to user at least once in a while, and this pilot signal is the function of described time domain relation.

In one embodiment, this trigger comprises an object that has handle, and it is suitable for the child, for example learns the grasping such as child before walking, the motion sensor corresponding to this object of which movement.A delivery outlet can provide this pilot signal to user, and it can be that audio port, video port or the two have.This motion sensor can comprise an accelerometer, and this delivery outlet can produce the eurythmy of this object that a prize signal done by the child with response or rotatablely move perhaps these two kinds of motions.This object can also comprise a directional component, as a gyrating mass free gyroscope, or analogous instrument, it can be by controller function so that make this object towards a particular orientation.This is helpful for helping the child to develop into the rhythmical Periodic Rotating motion of in fact not trembling from random motion.In another embodiment, trigger can be one be suitable for being suspended in play ground or the sleep district assembly and corresponding to the pick off of this assembly motion.

These and other objects of the present invention, advantage and characteristics will become clearer with following detailed description in conjunction with the drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the method sketch map according to raising user of the present invention learning capacity;

Fig. 2 is the sketch according to device of the present invention;

The sketch map of a kind of form of contact between the time domain relation of Fig. 3 a operation that to be expression pilot signal and trigger occur corresponding to reference signal;

The sketch map of the another kind of form of getting in touch between the time domain relation of Fig. 3 b operation that to be the expression pilot signal identical with Fig. 3 a and trigger occur corresponding to reference signal;

Fig. 4 is the side view of the visual display that device produces among Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is the vertical view of the demonstration that device produces among Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the side view of another embodiment of device among Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is the side view of another embodiment identical with Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the side view of another embodiment identical with Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is the perspective view of another embodiment of device among Fig. 2;

Figure 10 is the vertical view of another trigger device;

Figure 11 is the more detailed sketch map that installs among Fig. 2;

Figure 12 is the sketch map of another embodiment identical with Figure 11;

Figure 13 is the sketch map of another embodiment identical with Figure 11;

Figure 14 be expression with respect to the generation of reference signal, user is to the sketch map of the timing sequence of the operation of trigger or response;

Figure 15 is the flow chart of data foundation and input function;

Figure 16 is the flow chart of pattern and task choosing function;

Figure 17 is the flow chart that regularly interrupts processing capacity;

Figure 18 is the flow chart of time domain computing function;

The flow chart of Figure 19 person of being to use signal generating run;

The specific embodiment

Now especially referring to accompanying drawing and described embodiment, a kind of method (1) that improves the user learning capacity comprises that producing one has the reference signal (2) that is separately occurred by interval, provides a trigger 4 and receives the operation of user (6) to trigger.This method further comprises the time domain relation of determining between user trigger action and the reference signal appearance, generates a pilot signal (8), and this pilot signal is a time domain relation function, and this pilot signal is sent to user (6) at least once in a while.

One piece of exercise question is for " to carry out interactive metronome to the child who suffers from ADHD ^The effect of training " report; enclose by people such as doctor Shaffer writing and as example A; this report is the principle according to my existing patent, accept according to plan with 19 children of sequence training 15 hours and the comparable group of not trained and accepted result after second matched group that selectable video game is trained compares.People such as Shaffer report discovery in 12 kinds of factors, following aspect on have statistical remarkable behavior difference: attention, Motor Control, Language Processing, reading and in aggressive behavior constraint (regulation of a aggressive behavior) parents' improvement report.

The method (1) that improves the user learning capacity preferably is to improve on the device 10 a learning capacity to finish, as shown in the figure, this device comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 12, a monitor 14, the computer-readable medium 16 that program is housed, this program can download on the computer so that control device 12 (Fig. 2).Computer 12 is IBM or compatible preferably, has 100 megahertz Pentium processors or higher processor, and this compatible is equipped with Windows98,95 operating systems and 16 megabits or the above internal memory of 16 megabits.Also can use platform based on Macintosh.Computer 12 can be a personal computer (PC), a network computer, a handheld computer, for example palm PC or parapsychology particle unit, Nintendo's game unit, game station of Nintendo, SAGA or analog.Preferably, computer 12 will have the harddisk memory of at least 30 megabit useful spaces.One or more triggers 18 are linked to each other with the standard 9 core serial ports of computer 12.Computer 12 is provided preferably with a stereo sound card (not shown) that has MIDI and WAV performance.Computer 12 has an audio output port 20 that links to each other with a pair of stereophone 22, can also be provided with a video output 24 that links to each other with a virtual reality (earphone) 26 in addition.

In an embodiment of method 1, audio output port 20 is in a kind of mode that changes pilot signal or pilot tones, speaker 22a and 22b output signal to stereophone 22, from left speaker 22a to right speaker 22b, with by using traditional stereophonic signal hybrid technology to change the locus of the pilot signal in the user head.In Fig. 3 a, this is illustrated, by Fig. 3 a as seen, for the reaction before occurring in reference signal, pilot tones 8 is to user right side of head spatial deviation, and reaction afterwards appears for reference signal, and pilot tones 8 is to user left side of head spatial deviation, and vice versa.Can finish the from left to right variation of speaker tone of earphone in conjunction with variation or other technology of pilot tones frequency.Shown in Fig. 3 b, pilot signal 8` is provided with a difficult scope, it comprises 8`a section and 8`b section, during the right side scope (right on) before the reference signal appearance 2, trigger trigger 18 and form the 8`a section by user, during the right side scope after reference signal 2 occurs, can trigger trigger 18 by user and form the 8`b section.Can set up a special range in some sense, this special range is called as upper right scope (super right on), and it comprises the appearance of reference signal and represents a trigger operation especially accurately.Though can select bigger or smaller value, in described embodiment, difficult scope DR elects before the reference signal 15 milliseconds as to afterwards 15 milliseconds of reference signal.Set up difficult scope DR for the trigger action of discerning user.In the time of in user trigger operation 18 falls into super right side scope, pilot signal 8,8` are not sent to user as award.Except the reference signal that is used for the response of super right side, can also provide no acoustical signal for user.Perhaps can be the user alternative a kind of joyful sound that is used for the upper right side response is provided.A kind of is non-knock.Another kind is the sound with lower volume.

For early than the response in the right side scope of reference signal, pilot signal 8`a along with the replying quantity of user with tonal variations, the replying earlier of user with respect to reference signal.In described embodiment, pilot signal part 8` continues on one or two 8 degree sound, but also can adopt higher scale or lower scale.For replying in the right side scope that is later than reference signal, pilot signal 8`b is in than on the higher tone of pilot signal part 8`a, preferably continuity on one or two 8 degree, but can be bigger or littler than this amount.In described embodiment, between the pilot signal 8`a of the relative both sides of reference signal and 8`b, there is a linear relationship.Guiding sound 8, the purpose of 8`a and 8`b be naturally and subconsciously with the user band to reference signal.

For prior to the replying of difficult scope DR, be called as the VE point, can produce a kind of sound different, for example people's sound with pilot signal 8`.Preferably, for replying very early, can be to say " " at a French pitch.Similarly, replying that user is very late can form a kind of and the significantly different sound of pilot signal 8`.A kind of people of being says " " with high pitch, and vice versa.Also can use another kind of different sound beyond the difficult scope, as a kind of with guide the different musical sound of sound, a kind of irritating sound, or this class sound.

In described embodiment, very before (VE) and very the zone of back (VL) sound by in earlier stage and the later stage user average percent of replying and suitably having established.Though can select a different percentage ratio, in described embodiment, a point very early be made as that early stage user trigger on average triggers 110%, very late (VL) point be made as that later stage user trigger on average triggers 110%.The purpose that foundation is suitable for the difficult scope of user is to keep this test to be easy to inspire user, and keeps user challenge and knowledge to strengthen progressive difficulty.No matter when need only user and can produce a plurality of such right sides continuously, just can observe the performance of a plurality of outbursts (multiple burst).For example can decide next target, obtain a plurality of outbursts of some in per 1000 repetitions with device 10.

In initial setting up, when the software on the medium 16 is installed into CPU12 when going up, this software is to testing the time sheet in the computer 12, so that in time check the accuracy rate that it duplicates.If the work of time sheet is satisfactory, the software on the medium 16 can utilize this card to remove to form the signal that offers earphone 22 time sheet so.Otherwise the software on the medium 16 will utilize MIDI in computer 12 operating systems and wav file or similar file to form the sound that is provided to earphone 22, and this is conspicuous to those skilled in the art.

In order to allow the user response to relate to a series of training of one or more triggers 18, trigger 18 can comprise a manual activator 18a, a manual activator 18b and a foot-propelled trigger bar 18c.For example, this can comprise together claps hands, and claps hands with guiding sound, rap first-selected hands, rap the hands of non-first-selection, alternately rap tiptoe, rap first-selected tiptoe, rap non-first-selected tiptoe, alternately stamp one's foot and follow, stamp first-selected heel, stamp non-first-selected heel, alternately strike first-selected hands/non-first-selected tiptoe, alternately strike non-first-selected hands/first-selected tiptoe, the non-first-selected foot of balance and strike non-first-selected tiptoe, or similar fashion.Also advise using other exercise mode for the skilled person.In addition, trigger can be linked to be the another kind of project that user can straightforward manipulation, as a golf club or analog.When user used trigger 18 to carry out various training, a reference signal and a pilot signal will be passed earphone 22 to be provided.Yet, also can remove reference signal sometimes for user is operated with pilot signal separately.Should be clear, can there be the pilot signal of other form that comprises the vision guide signal, this will discuss in more detail below.In addition, in some cases, can omit pilot signal fully, for example usually measure the response of user plan and sequence training.

Device 10 can comprise that attached assistant engineer's tool further improves the timing accuracy of user.Device 10 produces a direction signal 27, and it can be presented on the video display units, and for example monitor 14, virtual reality earphone 26 or similar fashion.The effect of bearing signal is to guide user to arrive manual activator 18 in some way, this mode can from usual cut-and-try process to.To operate trigger near the appearance of expection reference signal as far as possible.A kind of mode that the guiding user changes trigger operation be guiding function person before reference signal occurs, send a series of reactions of having a mind to.The another kind of mode that instructs user to change trigger operation is to instruct user after reference signal occurs, and produces series reaction wittingly.By the instrument that can not only produce near the series reaction of reference signal is provided to user, and a series of reactions of having a mind to before reference signal and a series of reactions of having a mind to after the reference signal, user can reach an enhanced timing and feel accurately.In case user can produce a plurality of " super right side (super right-on) " outburst in a given number repeats, a plurality of outbursts like an elephant 80-90 in every repetition 1000 times just can apply a direction signal 27.In addition, can follow reference signal for user provide an entertain mem signal to help user and divert one's attention from filtering outside mentally thing and subconsciously concentrate on the reference signal.

" tunnel " that comprises direction signal 27 as shown in Figure 4, wherein geometry 28, downward striped as a tunnel middle part, the special accuracy level of expression user reaction, resemble 15 milliseconds or still less " super right side " reaction, suitable " right side " or " difficult scope ", or other such value.32 in the zone in the zone 30 in the proper range district of reacting before the expression bat of striped 28 by the left side and the post-reacted proper range of expression bat district around.Direction signal 27 also comprises borderline region 34 and 36.The VE reaction of zone 34 indication user, this VE is reflected at before the reference signal that is in the proper range 30 quite at a distance.A VL reaction of zone 36 indication user, this VL is reflected at the quite distant place after the reference signal that is in the proper range 30.Preferably, appropriate area 30 and 32 is suitable scopes, its degenerating or improve with response user reaction of widening or narrow down.When user reaction drops on zone 34 or 36, can produce a different sound.This sound can be to send the sound that resembles " " such people, a tedious side reaction that in earphone, produces, and as " buzzer ", " BONG " or similar sound.Direction signal 27 is preferably produced by computer 12 in a kind of mode that provides sensation of movement along striped 28.This sensation of movement can fragment into a succession of fragment that seems in motion with striped by causing in the variation of the feature of channel geometries, conduit wall as stone or brick shape thing, or similar fashion, and this will be good in skilled industrial worker's limit of power.When user forms the reaction in zone 28, user will it seems as if move with a special speed along the scene that direction signal 27 is determined that this speed may be a cumulative speed at the beginning.Yet if the user reaction makes this user surpass the wall in a continuous collision area 34 of special number of times and 36, for example 2-3 time, this action will make along the movement slows down of striped 28 or stop.Therefore, user can be reacted in zone 28 continuously, and this user has been accepted the sensation of motion, backs sb. up when colliding 34,36 wall, and user can receive the sensation of shrinking back.This will make user recognize that their reaction and reference signal have and depart from so that make user keep synchronous with reference signal.

As shown in Figure 5, when user when striped 28 moves, the tunnel scene among Fig. 4 is left and right lateral bending.Reference signal, the relation between user reaction and the pilot signal remains unchanged with respect to the Virtual Space that is occupied by geometry space 28.Because passage scene trend right side, as an A (Fig. 5), user is forced to produce the reaction in the zone 32, and it is after reference signal, in order to avoid collide a wall.When the passage scene was bent to the left, as a B (Fig. 5), user was forced to produce the reaction in the zone 30, and it is before reference signal, in order to avoid collide a wall.Can use other virtual view, wait as attempt rise balloon on the mountain to produce a bearing signal.Can see, direction signal 27 is provided with a kind of useful timing exercise, this not only strengthens user and interactional sensation reference signal, and requires the user can be selectively and controllably before reference signal occurs and the reaction of mobile user afterwards.Found that this has also continued plan and can strengthen the sequence training of user in the learning capacity of aspects such as attention, Language Processing, reading ability and aggressive behavior.

A kind ofly be suitable for the baby, can walk before the child, begin to learn the learning capacity intensifier 40 that the childs such as child that walk operate, comprise a trigger (Fig. 6) that is suitable for the operation of child's user.In one embodiment, the exercisable trigger of child comprises the main body 42 that has one or more handles 54.A motion sensor 44 and a monitoring user that moves with main body is handled the computer 46 that main body 42 is operated.One or more outputs are set so that can provide a pilot signal to user at least once in a while, such outfan can comprise a speaker 48, so that produce audition output, a series of light, preferred colourama 50a-50f is so that produce various visual effect models, any one video display units (Fig. 6 and 7).Motion sensor 44 can be an accelerator, a motion-sensing circuit, a solid-state multiaxis accelerator etc., the motion that it can catch the handle 54 of main body 42 to measure main body 42 by user.When the baby caught device 40 at the beginning, it can produce a series of comfortable light demonstrations and/or the sound on the speaker with the even motion of box body 42 on the indicator 50a-50f.When the baby begins further to move device 40, when box body moves with the pattern of inferring, for example rhythmically, do not shake the ground mode, resemble on specific plane and rotatablely move, just can provide other award to the baby.Because user forms the pattern of inferring like this, just can produce a kind of reference signal subsequently and for example utilize that speaker 48 offers the baby.This reference voice can be formed by the meansigma methods that user moves previously.This reference signal can be produced by computer 46 inside in addition, and offers child or baby.When user begins approaching the timing mobile device 40 of reference voice, speaker 48 and/or visual detector 50a-50f and 52 can provide a kind of guiding sound and/or reward indication to user.A moment later, user just in one way mobile device 40 produce clocklike happy guiding sound by speaker and/or visual detector 50a-50f.Also it is contemplated that the audition parts that open speaker 48 having.Be formed with suggestive demonstration on the display 52.For example, user can be talked so that correctly instruct user at training period by a real or animation character.

It is unit independently that another kind of learning capacity improves device 60a and 60b, has a mind to allow the child catch (Fig. 7) separately with a hands.Each unit comprises 54, one speakers 48 of a single handle and an accelerator 44.In described embodiment, by each device 60a, the communication wire 62a between 60b and the remote controller, 62b, a controller 46` is placed on from device 60a, the place that 60b is far. Communication wire 62a, 62b are between the transceiver 61 and discrete transceiver 63a and the 63b among the device 60b among the device 60a that links to each other with controller 46`.This allows controller 46` to remove to coordinate two device 60a, and the reaction of 60b also responds to both motion, and such combination is tangible to the technical staff.Communications connectors 62a, 62b are preferably wireless, can be that infrared ray connects, and can be that radio frequency connects, and for example use " Bluetooth protocol (Bluetooth Protocol) " or other similar fashion.Each device 60a, 60b can comprise an orienting device 64 in addition, gyrating mass free gyroscope for example, motor or analog.Each orienting device 64 is under the control of computer 46`, and allows computer 46` to arrange main body 42a, the 42b of each device 60a, 60b on particular orientation.For example, this allows each device of the equidirectional that computer 46` has main body at the training period of user front to carry out orientation.Computer 46` influences main body 42a, and the ability of the direction of 42b also makes computer to train user with desirable rotation, the non-motion mobile agent in the plane that trembles, and gives user simultaneously and reward when constructive motion.After user obtained to reward under the help of orienting device 64, so last computer 46 can be stopped using.

Another kind of learning capacity improves the box body 42` (Fig. 8) that device 40` comprises the baby toy shape that has handle 54` one by one.Install 40` in addition and device 40,60a is identical with 60b.Also have another learning capacity to improve device 80 and comprise a trigger assembly 82, it is suitable for being suspended on fence for baby, infanette or the analog 84.Trigger 82 is by child's contact, and for example a series of assemblies 86 that are supported on fence for baby, infanette are mutually played in collision, respond.Assembly 86 preferably Essential colour can be various forms also, for example geometry, animal shape etc.In response to child's savate with beat assembly 86, external speaker or flashing lamp can be activated.When user hits the establishment 86 of any pattern, the startup of microphone and/or flashing lamp can be gained in strength, repeatability etc.This purpose is when the assembly 86 of user operation trigger 82, lures that user improves the ability of operation rhythmically continuously into.The intensity that is increased and/or the purpose of response frequency are for the attention that keeps the child and systematically encourage them to do better.

The more detailed description that learning capacity is improved device as described in Figure 11.Except that processor 12 and monitor 14, computer system 20 comprises a mouse 150, keyboard 152 and printer 156.Hard disk driver 158 can comprise resemble the user data, work summary data, operational detail data and other data.

Another kind of learning capacity improves device 10` and comprises a central processing unit 12a and a teleprocessing unit 12b (Figure 12).Central processing unit 12a can use program management, task management, data management, time series generation etc.Teleprocessing unit 12b can control trigger 18a, the input and output function of 18b and user interface earphone 22.Teleprocessing unit 12b can also be responsible for forming reference signal, entertain mem signal, pilot signal and the analog that offers user.Central authorities and teleprocessing unit 12a, 12b can be continuous by communication wire 163, and it can be a hard wire, LAN, wide area network, World Wide Web, for example internet etc.

In another alternative embodiment, a learning capacity improves device 10`` and comprises a central processing unit 12a` and a teleprocessing unit 12b` (Figure 13).Except the I/O port of exercisable trigger and earphone, teleprocessing unit 12b` can comprise a keypad 160 and display 162.In this manner, teleprocessing unit 12b`, keypad 160 and display 162 can combine becomes the small portable apparatus that can be carried by user, belt that for example can be attached to user etc. is located, and meanwhile, user has on earphone 22 and operates trigger 18a and/or 18b.Teleprocessing unit 12b` can link to each other with central processing unit 12a` by a communications connectors 164, and this communications connectors can be remote-control connector, as infrared connection, dedicated radio link, or other existing remote control connected modes.Central processing unit 12a` can be used for changing the software of teleprocessing unit 12b` and the data that processing remote processor 12b` is produced.In addition, teleprocessing unit 12b` can operate with independent mode.

The sketch map that a kind of timing of being undertaken by learning capacity raising device 12 is assessed as shown in figure 14.Referring to Figure 14, parameter I is represented the time that reference signal produces.Parameters R is represented the time that another reference signal produces.If the reaction of user occurs in the interval " a ", this reacting phase will lag for the reference signal that produces at the I place.If the reaction of user occurs in the interval " b ", this reacting phase is wanted early for the reference signal that produces at the R place.For the sequence between each reference signal generation, interval shown in Figure 14 will be recycled repetition.

If user responds in the I+S interval with respect to reference signal I, or responding with respect to the R-S of reference signal R is interval, then the reaction of user is considered to be in super difficult (superdifficulity) scope.This is considered to a response quite accurately.This also can be regarded as " super right side " scope.If user responds in the I+D interval, think that then this reacting phase lags for reference signal I, but in a difficult scope D.If user responds in the R+D interval, then this reaction is considered to leading with respect to reference signal R in difficult scope D.If respond in the interval section of user between I+D and R/2, then this reaction is considered to lag very much with respect to reference signal I.If user responds in R/2 and R-D scope, then this reaction is considered to very leading with respect to reference signal R.

The program 164 that is improved device 10 execution by learning capacity starts from data foundation and input function, comprises a figure user interface 166 that is presented on the monitor 14, selects and carry out a program (Figure 15) at 168 places at this user.At step 170 place, a screen or a menu that is used to create and opens file is presented at monitor 14, and user selects a function to move 172.If user is selected the new file at 174 places, then monitor is at 176 place's video data entr screens.Provide identification treatment expert in this program of 178 places then.If user is chosen in opening in 182 172 and deposits file, then this document is opened and at 180 screens that show a preference pattern.If user is selected to quit a program 172, then this program withdraws from and returns 166 figure user interface at 184 places.

This program continues pattern and task choosing function then, is shown the screen (Figure 16) of preference pattern by 180 steps at this.When pattern that screen display step 180 is selected, user is made one and is selected 182 in the test program 184 of a weak point, long test program 186 and training program 188.The test pattern 184 of this weak point is the quick diagnosis instrument that test/measuring accuracy is low again than long test pattern.Short test pattern 184 comprises a test subset of carrying out in long test pattern, as bat both hands that do not guide sound and/or the bat both hands of being with guiding sound.This short-form is mainly used in the user that carries out rhythm training 188 when each issue beginning and/or ending.Long test pattern 186 comprises more than 14 or 16 tasks, and the execution of guiding sound is not provided to user usually.Long test pattern is mainly used in and does not carry out before or after rhythm when training or the rhythm training.If select training mode 188, then present to two signals of user reference signal and pilot signal, or have only pilot signal, and being preferably in simultaneously under training indicator or treatment expert's the guidance, the indication user goes to carry out the operation of various manual pick off 18a and/or foot-propelled pick off 18b.When selecting the pattern at 182 places, on monitor 14, show appropriate tasks in 190 steps, operational character can be selected according to the selection task that step 194 goes out in 192 steps by user.

Processing capacity (Figure 17) is interrupted in timing of program 164 execution then.When user or trainer selected " beginning " function of 196 steps, computer took out D in step 198,200,202 from internal memory, S and R and in the value of step 204 according to the calculation of parameter I that is taken out.In step 206,208, intervalometer interrupts being initialised, and program begins at the I place.Then in step 212 program checkout user trigger (18a, startup 18b).If received a user input in step 212, then handled this user input (Figure 18) in step 214.If when step 215 had been determined this generation reference signal, program proceeded to Figure 19 so, step 216 place determines whether to have started reference signal in Figure 19.If step 216 has started the function of reference signal, then produce a reference signal and offer user, for example use earphone 22.

In step 218, determine whether then enumerator be decremented to 0 or the trainer select hold function.Enumerator has a length that changes with selected pattern in the setting that begins of each pattern.If enumerator also is not equal to 0, program proceeds to step 208, and another ticktack is processed herein, and the input of program checkout user (212) is also handled reference voice (215).Equal 0 or trainer when selecting " stopping " function when determine enumerator at step 218 place, program turns back to model selection display screen (180).

A time domain concerns that computing function is by carrying out among Figure 18.When receiving the input of user in step 214, program is calculated the time parameter (E=U-I) of having pass by in step 220 read-out processor ticktock value and in step 222.In step 224, parameter A is updated.The A person of being to use remains on millisecond with respect to the average response of reference signal.For the purpose of being monitored and being write down in the data base by the treatment expert, the value of A may be displayed on the monitor 14.Although understand the use of average reflection, but the data base can be with each response of storage user before several milliseconds or after several milliseconds.Parameter H is upgraded in step 226.H is the quantity of the user input carried out of special test period.

Determine whether in step 228 that then E is more than or equal to I and less than I+D.If then measure and receive a response that lags in step 230.Determine whether parameter E greater than I+S in step 232 then, if greater than, a pilot signal then in step 234, generated, if special pattern requires pilot signal to show user then is sent to earphone 22.Pilot signal forms during being preferably in optional training mode 188, but does not form during short formula and long formula test pattern 184 and 186.Be not less than I+S if measure the E value, then will receive the response that lags in the super difficult scope in step 232.Even special pattern requires to show pilot signal to user, preferably the response in super difficult scope is not produced pilot signal yet.This does not have the user of pilot signal that an indication is provided to hearing reference signal, and user has produced a response that super difficult scope is interior.

If do not satisfy the requirement of step 228, then judge whether that in step 236 E is greater than I+D with less than R/2.If, then in step 238, measure the user response and lag very much, if special pattern requires to produce pilot signal, then produce a suitable pilot signal in step 234.If the condition of step 236 does not satisfy, then determine whether that in step 240 E is greater than R/2 with less than R-D.If then measure and receive a very leading response, if produced pilot signal then produce suitable guiding sound in step 234 in step 242.If the condition of step 240 does not satisfy, determine whether in step 244 that then E is greater than R-D with less than R, if, then measure and accept an advanced acknowledge and determine whether that in step 248 this response is before super difficult scope in step 246, if, and guiding sound produces, and then produces a suitable guiding sound in step 234.If determine E between R-S and R,, do not guide sound generating even guiding sound produces in step 248 yet.This its response of indication user is in super difficult scope.

This shows that learning capacity improves the ability that device 10,10`, 10``, 40,40`, 60a, 60b and 80 provide the instruction user, comprises the child, learning skill and do not relate to the appearance or the surface behavior of user.For the very little child that can't carry out open surface behavior task technology described in the patent before me is benefited is very important.This realizes by the interest that causes user and want to learn and the stimulation that is added to user is responded.When carrying out motion mode ingenious, user also rewards user.Device 40,40`, 60a, 60b and 80 can combine with other devices, and for example solid animal, moving object etc. are so that the effective percentage of further intensifier.The time that the child participates in is long, and device 40,40`, 60a, 60b and 80 will increase award.The multitask function that this has improved the ability of child's recovery and has kept brain.Device 40,40`, 60a, 60b and 80 also can use with " neurological mental illness diagnostic method and device ", it is disclosed in serial number is 60/219321, the applying date is in the application of having transferred the possession of in August 13 in 1999, this by with reference to and with its part as the application.

Other remodeling can be expected for the skilled person.A kind of learning capacity in simple form shown in Figure 10 improves device, has a trigger 72 and is made up of a series of subtriggers 74.The remainder of this device is not shown, but can see shown in Figure 1.Can provide a kind of subtrigger 74 to user, and guide it to operate subtrigger with the particular form near reference signal as far as possible.Reference signal can be used as a kind of audition or visual signal offers user or can be that a kind of internal signal does not offer user.When user successfully according to as far as possible near the particular form of reference signal operation subtrigger, so that the conspicuous mode of technical staff is set up an award to successful result.

In the example of all devices 10,10`, 10``, 40,40`, 60a, 60b and 80, the motion that reference signal can not rely on user produces or produces by a series of motions before the response user by controller is inner.For example, user can be operated trigger from 2-10 time or more times and there is not reference signal.Controller is analyzed these operations and is set up a reference signal based on the beat of equispaced value or user previous action.This controller can be regulated reference signal continuously along with the mean change of user operation.Guiding sound can offer user to improve the ability that user his/her trigger operation of change and reference signal are run neck and neck.Same principle can be used for two or above user, and they use the average of the trigger operation that combines as the part operation trigger separately of interaction group, have set up the speed of reference signal thus.The one-man can control the speed of reference signal in this group in addition, and reference signal can offer user always or can periodic interruptions exactly the internal timing mechanism of user be responded to allow user.Reference signal and pilot signal can form audition, vision or the combination of the two.

To variation that clear and definite described embodiment did or improve and can carry out not breaking away under the principle of the invention situation, its scope by appended claim limits, and this can be according to comprising that the regulation that is equal to Patent Law explains.

Example A

AJOT?Assignment#99-131

The child who suffers from ADHD is carried out interactive metronome ^The effect of training

The RJ Schaefer, doctor

The Michigan State University

Human medicine institute

Department of pediatrics and human development associate professor

The inferior Cox of LE, doctor

The psychology professor of A Jina institute

JF card Seeley, director (communication writer)

Neural Technical Research Center

3090Dawes?SE

Grand?Rapid，MI?49508

616-246-1301

Email- csssily@interactivemetronome.com

The SI Greenspan, the doctor of medicine

George Washington University's medical college

Psychiatry, behavioral science, and department of pediatrics Clinical Professor

The RF Tuchman, the doctor of medicine

Miami children's hospital

Miami University's medical college

The neurological professor

Little PJ executes special Gadamer, doctor

Ma Dongna university

Key word:

Motor planning and sequence

Technology

Interactive metronomic effect

People's the participation ability that early begins in life is partly (GreenspanLourie, 1981 of an extremely important ability learn, think deeply, influence other people, grasp basic academy's technical ability; Greenspan Lourie, 1997; Mundy Crowson, 1997) key is formed.Sustained attention power, constraint competition stimulate can be in attention with the relative shortage of being engaged in conjunction with attention, finds in study and the development disorder.These defectives are several clinical sexual disorders, comprise attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD), general development obstacle (autism frequency spectrum obstacle), aphasis, the motor obstacle, comprise read, mathematics and specific learning disorder (Mundy, 1995 write; Barkley, 1997a).

Cumulative evidence hints for example exercise program and sequence, and the rhythm is relevant with the attention problem with periodic extensive interpretation.In the defective that suppresses and carry out function aspects, it comprises the regulation and the sequence of motor pattern and behavior, supposes that by Barkley (1997b) understanding aspect attention deficit/active disease be important.Important contact between aspect attention and the motion regulation comprises inhibition (Schonfeld, Shaffer ﹠amp; Barmack, 1989), speed, the rhythm, coordinate and overflow by several investigators' hypothesis (Barkley, Koplowitz, Anderson ﹠amp; McMurray, 1997; Denckla, Rudel, Chapman ﹠amp; Krieger 1985; Piek, Pitcher ﹠amp; Hay, 1999).Gillberg (1988) describes, and one group has attention, motor control and lonely defective, becomes the child of DAMP syndrome.In nearest research, Kadesjo (1998) finds to have between attention deficit and motor clumsiness sizable overlapping.In this group child, the symptomatic diagnosis that the two merging trend of attention and motor problem changes.(Hellgren，Gillberg，Gillberg?&?Enerskog，1993；Hellgren，Gillberg，Bagenholm?&?Gillberg，1994)。Piek (1999) shows that recently the seriousness of not noting symptom in boy ADHD is an important advance notice of motor coordination difficulty.And work recently shows that closely the child who grows dystaxia (DCD) that has of half transfers serious ADHD sign to, relevant (the Kadesjo ﹠amp of reading comprehension power that is limited when the diagnosis of DCD was with 10 years old in the time of 7 years old; Gillberg, 1999).

According to growth, individual variation, employing dynamical system theory (Smith ﹠amp; Thelen, 1993; Gray, Kennedy ﹠amp; Zemke, 1996a, (Greenspan 1992 1996b) to understand child's the adaptability and relation (DIR) model of inadaptability behavior; Greenspan ﹠amp; Wieder, 1999), child comprises exercise program and sequence with the disposal ability of multiple uniqueness, becomes and other people and physical environment interact, and for example notes and finishes a plurality of steps so that construct at school and comprehensive at home adaptive pattern.And in the neutral net of sinking into ADHD and timing specification and exercise program, have very big overlapping.These networks comprise that the ditch of forehead and brain goes back to the zone.Adopt the child who suffers from ADHD that studies show that of functional MRI assessment to have abnormal stimulation (Rubia.et al., 1999) recently to the forehead system that is responsible for the control of height sequential movements.

Relation hint between motor rule, attention and execution function, purpose are to strengthen exercise program, and the technology of serializing, timing and the rhythmization can play the effect (Greenspan, 1992) that improves participation and learning capacity.Interactive metronome, obtained the interactive traditional music beat device of patent right, development (Cassily, 1996) in 1992 based on PC, a kind of new teaching technique is provided, is intended to promote a plurality of central nervous system's of being in disposal ability supposition to be included in the motion adjusting.Invented by Etienne Loulie since 1696, the non-interactive type metronome is always as interim educational aid.Interactive metronome (IM) at first uses the modern computer performance to add an interactive element for this conventional tool.The brain that replaces user must answer themselves time degree of accuracy judges, the guiding in real time sound that IM provides accurately (to.5ms.) for user is to indicate their time degree of accuracy, as they carry out a series of aforementioned movement.Plan and sequencing and timing error that the pilot signal of tone and spatial variations can be revised user to produce wittingly.

Preorder research shows, a people's performance level on IM, it comprise plan, regularly, with grow the rhythm, study and the attention problem that relevant motion is regulated, finishing of improvement of finishing the academy and age expectation changed during school.(Kuhlman?&Schweinhart，1999)。Have and grow and verified its of the child in the special teaching class that uses the IM training of learning disorder compared aspect the athletic performance and benefited with similar group that is not subjected to this training, and the not group of training not raising in the same time.(Stemmer，1996)。

Nearest research has shown that the IM training can improve motor control, and attention is concentrated and (the Libkuman ﹠amp of the athletic performance aspect golf; Otani, 1999).Present research at first is controlled in to meet and is used to note do not concentrate one group of child of unusual DSM-IV (APA, 1994) standard to carry out clinical trial on one's body.The purpose of this research be determine interactive metronome to one group of child of diagnosis ADHD in the effect aspect selected motion and the cognitive techniques.

Research design

Experimental prediction is used in this research, the thermometrically that lags design (seeing Table 1)

Table 1 experimental research design

	The treatment group
			Interactive metronome  N=19	Control group N=18	TV group (TV) N=19
Test in advance	Test in advance	Test in advance
			Interior 15 times 1 hour class during 3 weeks of IM training period	No activity	Interior 15 times 1 hour class during 3 weeks of TV training period
Test lags	Test lags	Test lags

Example

The person under inspection is selected by the 6-12 year boy who suffers from ADHD in the big city of carrying out this research.75 volunteers have been recruited by local school district, doctor, psychologist, psychiatrist with at local newspaper do advertisement, the clinical diagnosis that they have pediatrician, paediatrics specialist and/or psychologist/mental specialist proves, meets the DSMIV standard of absent minded active unusual disease.The test and management person screen and prediction or after surveyed each random assortment and given their child.All tests and treatment all are free concerning patient's father and mother.All test and management persons are paid remuneration, titular psychologist or have professional clinical (OTRS) expert of license to issue a certificate in their test separately of execution.The test and management person does not have the purpose of notified research, does not know which type of treatment whom accepts about.

As above result, there are 19 patients from the volunteer storehouse, to get off, perhaps owing to do not meet clinical or research standard, perhaps have on serious study, cognitive defect, the nerve, anxiety or depressed problem.By statistics, in this group 56 qualified participants' age in 6-12.5 year, 86% white people, other of 14% kind of clansman.32% people's father and mother or guardian income is below 40,000 dollars, and 38% is ten thousand dollars of 4-6.9,30% 70,000 dollars or more than.80% patient's father and mother or guardian have a college education.

The purpose that father and mother and child are apprised of research be " explore in the non-pharmacological method of treatment and control ADD/ADHD and the research will with treatment be based on the interactive treatment procedure of computer ".They are apprised of all participants and accept all treatments the most at last.Finish up to the treatment and the test that lags, the further information of relevant research is not provided.

One belligerent with its manager, removed from research at the 2nd day.After research was finished, the participant of TV group and matched group had accepted the IM treatment.

Use instrument

The target that 4 main performance classes is decided to be assessment.This apparatus for evaluating is selected psychologist, and occupational therapy expert and educational group be those of the most normal use.Have only and show it is that reliable and effective assessment instrument just is used (reference material of seeing each instrument).From following instrument gather and auxiliary achievement is usually used in assessing following aspect:

Attention and concentrated: the 1) test (TOVA) of attention change, 25 minutes a Basis of Computer Engineering test is one of the most widely used ADHD objective measurement.(Greenburg?&Dupuy，1993)。2) experimenters' speed yardstick-teacher and father and mother's revised edition (CRS-R), a questionnaire of being finished by father and mother and teacher is one of the most widely used ADHD objective measurement mode (Conners, 1990).3) to test the 3rd version (WISC-III) be very famous and widely accepted children's intelligence test (Wechsler, 1992) to the children's intelligence of Wechsler.4) Achenbach children's behavior check table, a questionnaire of being finished by father and mother is measured internal problem or external behavior (Achenbach, 1991).

Clinical manipulation: 1) experimenters' speed yardstick.2) Achenbach children's behavior check table.3) sensory organ section-assessment audition, vision, level of activation are tasted/hear, health/position, motion, touch, emotion/social functions (Dunn ﹠amp; Westman, 1995).4) test of Bruininks-Oseretsky motor efficient (B-O) (being chosen as subtest) assessment both sides coordinate upper arm harmony and upper arm speed and motility (Bruininks, 1978) mutually.

Academic and cognitive technical ability: 1) wide region achievement test-3 (WART 3) (read and writes) assessment is read decoding, spelling and mathematical calculation.2) Language Processing test (LPT) assessment basic language (Wilkinson, 1993).

The patient surveys with control treatment time harmony in the exterior biological clock one day same time prediction and back.In the test that the equivalent form of value is provided, to the test that lags earlier, test will be used a kind of different form in advance then.Test in advance and lag the test between during be 4-5 week.

IM treatment and TV treatment matched group management personnel

Participant's random assortment of IM treatment and TV treatment is given these two groups of managers that treat.This manager can be graduate, student, and/or does not have the individual of advanced degree, not formal treatment and instruction in advance.Each manager accepts the guidance of same 6 hours IM and video game.

The surrounding and the referral table of IM group and TV group mate.Treat the situation Guide Book every day that managers use according to two groups of patients and control the time cost in the formation of dialogue, the dialogue and the quantity of rewarding of giving.The patient is required not exchange experience with other patients.

Treatment-interactive metronome  and video game

Interactive metronome  device

The IM device of having authorized that is used for this research comprises a 586 computer, IM software program, two earphones and two contact-sensing triggers.When contacting with the another hands, the hands that is triggered claps hands simultaneously, perhaps when a hands is clapped on thigh, and a trigger, one has and ties up to the special glove that palm is surveyed touch sensor, feels exactly.Another trigger, a flat plastic mattress that is placed on the floor, when tiptoe or heel are walked in the above, it exactly perception go out.

When the stable metronome of being heard in along with earphone as the participant was patted limbs with reference to tap-tap is to measure, trigger was sent a signal to the IM computer program by cable.This IM accurately analyzes, when tip-tap on time occur with reference to beaing when relevant, occur beaing successively, horse back changes timing information into guiding sound, this guiding sound can be heard in earphone with the appearance participant who beats at every turn.Tone and from left to right position accurately change of the guiding sound of earphone along with each degree of accuracy of beaing.How approaching accurately keep the score (IM keeps the score) of formation plan of IM program and ordering is presented on the screen by millisecond, indicates participant's response and has with reference to bat to the manager.All demonstrate participant's IM mark after each exercise, this seems to promote them to do better.

The IM trainingThe purpose of IM training is to help the participant to improve them the ability of noting is seductively arranged, and interimly when successive is not interrupted by underlying thought or outside interference.Single limb motion training is used as the raising method of concentrating on a basis as system's external catalyst.Each patient stands 15 one hour IM treatment classes, levies the time in experience 3-5 week once a day.Each class comprises that 4-8 repeats exercise with the specific number of repetition described in the every day curriculum guide.Can train with the pre-set velocity that per hour repeats 54 times, the number of repetition of each training is a maximum number 2000 from being increased to the 9th class 200 of the class hour first time.

Design 13 IM treatment training and help the participant their effort is concentrated on the power towards raising, rather than improve on the new body kinematics skill.This exercise comprises: two handss of starting auction, but clap thigh top with a hands, two tiptoes alternately strike the floor trigger, heel alternately beats, play a tiptoe or heel separately, replacing at hands of lower limb arsis with the another tiptoe and playing the floor trigger, when kicking another tiptoe for one, coming balance with a foot.

Before beginning IM treatment for the first time class, carry out an automatic IM prediction for IM participants and distinguish the ability of timing mode quantitatively to determine them, go to participate in a task with interest and do simple motion correction.This IM tests to indicate also whether they have one or above plan and ordering defective mode in the incipient stage of IM treatment in advance, and this must be write exactly the address.The IM therapeutic modality be designed and according to every day the training guidance book instruction finish by stages.

In the phase I, the manager helps the participant to break in the IM existing plan that picks out of test period in advance and ordering defective mode.6 of the most frequent discriminating plans and ordering defective mode are: (1) isolating (this write a little reactions be chaotic and at random and with all it doesn't matter-3 patients of beat whatsoever); (2) contrast (in some bats, patient's response is moved in the middle of bat rather than-6 people on bat consistently); (3) (4) (response before reference is knocked is occurring mode-18 people continuously for hythergraph (having utilized unsuitable-16 people of type motion that tremble fast); (5) (response after reference is knocked is occurring mode-1 people continuously); (6) (patient's audition hypersensitivity is exceptionally divert one's attention by the guiding sound that computer produces, this guiding sound early lags most to be added to during the test job and mixes on the earphone, this is indicated by their the IM millisecond mark on that task, 2-3 time 13 of the front tasks do to be over-7 people in the situation that does not guide sound then than low accuracy).

Initial IM treatment class is devoted to help the participant to learn how to pick out sound and the metronomic knock of steady I M that themselves action causes.They by guidance make stably, controlled hands and the motion of foot, whenever this motion continuously by a kind of repetitive mode yet not stopping between beat of moving in circles.The participant is concentrated on metronome by guidance repeatedly and beats, make great efforts not by themselves thinking or on every side occurrence disturb.When the participant has broken planned and sortord, can obtain when the IM millisecond mark meansigma methods of arranging described in the handbook, they have been considered to obtain necessary suitable control and the degree of accuracy that begins the 2nd Phase I M treatment procedure.

During the 2nd IM treatment stage, the participant is directed that their attention is only concentrated on stable standard and knocks, and does not consider trigger, heart thinking and the irrelevant stimulation of themselves generation pilot signal on every side.Also instructed their motion mode of maintenance repetition and do not done any adjustment of having a mind to.Do making participant's IM mark obviously improve usually like this, suppress absent-minded experience with a wet finger by tap-tap and as if obtained positive facilitation effect.Levy a class from one, the participant can interference-free attraction concentrates on the time that metronome beats and has extended, and they have correspondingly improved by the mark of IM program.Most during training IM participants appear to greatly promoted to reach best as far as possible achievement.According to the achievement of IM training, each participant in the IM group has improved their plan and ordering, remains in can be during quite long when training finishes on the task and interference-free.

The comfort therapeutic computer game training activity of TV matched group

The comfort therapeutic agent of 5 kinds of nonviolent video games based on PC commonly used as the TV matched group arranged.Each all relates to the coordination of eye and hands, advanced intelligence planning and multitask ordering.In each recreation, patient and computer program antagonism are played, and the new rank of each of acquisition has all increased the difficulty of recreation.

The manager arranges the identical mode of handbook to carry out IM with them, then carries out TV group training Arrangement handbook every day.Content described in the handbook provides management, concern and the support of patient and IM group the same manner.Everyone carries out 15 TV training session in one hour, and every day one, class continued 3-5 week.Every joint training session comprises some video game exercises, and each video game is practised used time span and extended gradually to a last class from Lesson One.

Analyze

Sample design and result

Along with finishing that all 56 participants test in advance, adopt a random assortment process that matches to constitute the 3rd treatment group.In assigning process, use 3 kinds of factors: age of drug dose (milligram/every body weight), participant and by the determined ADHD degree of TOVA ADHD mark.Select these factors to control the degree of the age differences and the ADHD of medical effect, growth.The mutation analysis of these three kinds coupling variablees shows P＜0.05 between these 3 matched groups, does not have significant difference.Patient race, Chi square of parental education degree and these three biometric variables of father and mother's family income the analysis showed that P＜0.05, does not have significant difference, thinks that these three matched groups are identical socio-economic factors.

58 variable analyses of test in advance are presented at and have only a significant difference on the statistics between three matched groups.The significant difference check table of Sakoda`s (1974) has shown the probability that occurs the significant difference of P＞0.5 in 58 significance test once in a while, produces the deviation that this situation may be a chance.The P value of other 57 factors is exceeding P＞0.05, establishes out matched group identity property statistically.

Pattern analysis

The pattern analysis of these 58 test results detects every group and is testing in advance and the general trend of the test phase mean difference that lags.In the process of carrying out this analysis, (test=P1, the test that lags=P2) calculated in advance, the mean deviation between P1 and P2 is determined out the average of each test.Each mean deviation is divided into two kinds of variations on the preset direction of test, perhaps expression improves, and perhaps expression reduces, for example, for the auxiliary test of the Wechsler numerical span of each group in these three groups, the mean deviation of P2-P1 is IM group=+ 0.473, matched group=-0.278, TV group=-0.054.The IM group ability that shows this mean deviation improves and matched group and TV group demonstrate ability drop.All 58 test results have all been carried out similar analysis.

To the statistical test pattern, use binomial test to determine whether two right ratios (improving and decline), may be accidental generation (improve or the probability that descends equals 0.05), perhaps the ratio of direction be so undesired so that reflection be a kind of non-haphazard feelings.Use the ultimate principle of a binomial test to be based on uncommon directed tendency of common demonstration of big variable of hypothesis.For example, the ability that has improved, this represents a noticeable overall changing pattern.This binomial test allows to detect a comprehensive directional pattern.It does not detect the single variable of once obtaining.

Pattern analysis is as follows.There are 28 marks to improve 30 declines in the matched group.The appearance of P=0.8955, such occasionality that there is a strong possibility of tool as a result, thinking to exist does not have the comprehensive directional pattern of statistical significance (Norusis, 1993).The analysis of IM and TV group causes the raising/drop mode on the statistical significance.For IM group, 53 demonstrations in 58 variablees have improved (P＜=0.0001).For the TV group, 40 demonstrations in 58 variablees have improved (P＜=0.0058).These two groups all demonstrate the statistical significance pattern in the raising of ability on matched group.The IM group thinks that than the bigger raising of TV group experience the IM treatment has produced the extra benefit on the statistical significance, exceeds TV matched group participant's experience.

Significant difference is analyzed

Pattern analysis can determine to check the institute of mean deviation to make progress/fail, but can not determine the value of these errors.Owing to utilized the measurement method that repeats trial test/back test, therefore in 58 variablees each is all repeated the differential analysis of measurement (SPSS, 1988) respectively.Adopting this method is in order to observe the function influence of three kinds of treatment groups to each result of the test.But a kind of proximate unfavorable conditions is the potentiality that this method increases the Type1 mistake.

In 58 analyzed testing results, 12 have statistical remarkable reciprocal action (the p value is between 0.047 to 0.0001), this show treatment group and group technology some in conjunction be different and/or exist statistical significant pre-/back test difference.P＜=0.001 (credibility is 0.05 grade, Sakoda, 1974) of 12 marked differences is arranged in 58 important tests, show that these difference are not incidental errors.In addition, Keppel (1973) calculates in 58 independent trialss, and the possible number of times that the Type1 mistake occurs is 2.9 times.Like this, the marked difference of these 12 times statistics is just considerably beyond showing that these difference are potential values of 2.9 Type1 mistakes of calculating of the marked difference of real statistics.

In the remarkable result of above-mentioned statistics, find in phase result, to have seven statistically significant difference (the p value is 0.023 to 0.001).This analyze to find that IM treatment group statistically significant has improved their the similaritys between the identification notion and the ability of diversity, and significantly reduces as aggression as described in their father and mother.The treatment of IM and video has all improved three sensory tests significantly on statistics, show that these two groups all benefit in the attention from these treatments and the behavior.The report of father and mother in child's behavior check table also discloses the remarkable minimizing of the aggression of statistics concerning the IM group, and not adding up upward concerning the video group, significance improves and do not improve concerning the control group.

5 remaining tests have significant difference reciprocal action (the p value is p=0.0001 to 0.047).These five tests comprise WRAT-3 read ancillary test and comprise tediously long, RT transmutability, the total STD of RT transmutability departs from and the attention variable (TOVA) of ADHD total value.Significant interactions shows back test IM performance, though the not significant trial test performance that surpasses is compared with the back experimental performance of video treatment with control, does not also have the-less to show the remarkable higher performance of statistics.To five all tests, the pattern of difference is consistent: when control and video performance reduction, the IM performance improves.

In a word, pattern analysis discloses the statistically significants that IM and video group experienced 58 test achievements and improves patterns.In addition, IM group has stronger statistically significant than video group and improves pattern, shows that 40 with the video group compare, and the IM group has and surpasses 53 check achievements and be improved.This has supported such hypothesis, and promptly concerning the boy with ADHD obstacle, the IM training can produce bigger raising pattern than video group.

The experimental technique analysis found 12 not on the same group with therapeutic combination in the factor that changes of statistically significant amount.The IM group is shown in other two treatment groups and compares, and statistically significant trial test ability on identification similarity and difference is improved and reduces on the attack problem.IM and video group all are illustrated in statistically significant raising in three sense organ Processing tasks and the impulsion/undue active father and mother report.The father and mother that have only the IM theme still, compare with other father and mother of two groups, think that their child has reduced aggressive behavior in that the treatment after date is statistically evident.In addition, five experimental measurements read the performance comparison that discloses other two treatment groups with four attention features, and the IM group has the remarkable higher pre-performance of statistics.

Discuss

This result shows to have ADHD and be subjected to boy that IM interferes and is more effectively improved in the zone of attention, Motor Control, Language Processing and reading and in the ability invaded of their control than receiver, video treatment or non-interference control group's boy.The boy who received video-game training improves than the control group about a plurality of measures and manys more that also to confirm to watch attentively consciousness activity and total support can be useful for the functional area of selection.The video group, yet, also prove at the fade performance of selecting the zone, comprise modulation and control, for example wholwe-hearted, response time and whole concordance of attention.

On the other hand, the IM training only proves that improved performance comprises statistical effective postiive gain, on video training group, about a series of TOVA attention tasks, the concordance of the shortage of test errors and distractibility, response time and all attention; Language (just similarity and difference), the academic operation (reading) selected; Invade with control.In addition, pattern analysis is used for controlling a large amount of assessment effect of use and proves that the difference between a few picture group cases is that statistics goes up effectively.NIH Consensus Statement (1997) advocates must control rightly about the research that ADHD interferes the youthful interactional positive resultant effect of attention.Consistent with the NIH index, in this research, two three windings are subjected to youthful attention during treating.

Consideration on this research method and defective comprise as follows: only comprised the male of an age bracket of determining minimizing the age and changing that limitation ground is generalized to the women to this result, and other ADHD men age group.Attention, Motor Control, language, identification and study aspect that the variation of testing by assessment is confined to select.

In this research, the IM training has influenced a large amount of behavioral competences.The possible explanation that is used for actively changing is central role of plan and ordering motor aspect each behavior.In the dynamical system pattern (Smith ￡ Thelon, 1993), critical variable, for example the ability of plan and ordering action can influence one wide group of adaptive functions, comprises attention (Greenspan, 1992).

The result of research has hinted the direction of further research at present, comprise the repercussion (it allows the characteristic identification relevant with the different pattern of response metronome training) of the big population of current research, the research women with study more different social population and observe the possible component of varying environment background.Further research also can be investigated based on the child group of beat behavior and child's processing side.

The special variation of IM training program also needs to explore, and comprises the quantity (observing the stability of IM effect) that increases session, whole repetition, timing precision target and follow the length of time.In addition, need further research with understand more fully dynamical system and below relate to the central nervous system's that motion regulates mechanism, and the IM training is to the influence mode of these processes.IM can allow to set up the data base and the first term technology of classification regularly, this for the intervention effect of the arrangement of time that relatively influences multiple sensation of movement process with helpful.

In conclusion, from a dynamical system (Smith ﹠amp; Thelen, 1993; Gray etc., 1996a, 1996b), many processes comprise the timing and the rhythm of motor behavior affecting exercise program.And exercise program and other factors comprise study opportunity and environment needs, interact influence the mode of self regulation and family, school and with the manner of intercourse of the same generation.Up to date, the behavior outside and the surface that always is limited to aspect education and treatment of the treatment means that improves these abilities is just possible.The present aspects such as control that studies show that IM training can raising attention, motion and sensorimotor function, cognition and teaching behavior and aggression, so IM trains the treatment means that perhaps can replenish existing these children.

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Claims (18)

1. method that improves the user learning capacity comprises:

Generate a reference signal, it separates appearance by interval;

A trigger and the reception operation from a described trigger of user is set;

Determine the user operation of described trigger and the time domain relation between the appearance of described reference signal;

Generate a pilot signal and send this pilot signal to user at least once in a while, this pilot signal is the function of described time domain relation, and

It is characterized in that, a visual display is provided and shows a visual pattern that has described visual display, described visual pattern changes in appearance adaptively as a function of the user operation of described trigger, thereby the user that exceeds the described reference signal of independent response that improves user is operated the timing accuracy that is reached.

2. the method for claim 1, the step of wherein said generation pilot signal is included within the special range for the operation of user to described trigger, do not send pilot signal to user, described special range has been drawn together the appearance of described reference signal.

3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said pilot signal have and are being used for user to first characteristic of trigger operation be used for second characteristic of user to trigger operation after described special range before the described special range.

4. before method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said special range occur from described reference signal 15 milliseconds after described reference signal occurs 15 milliseconds.

5. the method for claim 1 comprises a stereophonic loud-speaker system being set and generating an audible signal with described speaker system.

6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein said speaker system comprises earphone.

7. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said first characteristic comprises the audible signal that has towards the phasing signal source of user one side, described second characteristic comprises the audible signal that has towards the phasing signal source of user opposite side.

8. method as claimed in claim 7 comprises the direction that changes the phasing signal source along with the time quantum of the response of user before or after reference signal.

9. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said first characteristic comprise the audible signal that is created in first range of pitch, and described second characteristic comprises the audible signal that is created in second range of pitch.

10. method as claimed in claim 9, the tone of wherein said first and second scopes are on same straight line and separate in described special range.

11. method as claimed in claim 9 is included in much or be later than described reference signal when a lot of early than described reference signal, generates and is used for the alternative sounds of user to trigger operation.

12. the described audible signal that generates in the method as claimed in claim 9, wherein said first range of pitch has the phasing signal source in user one side, the described audible signal that generates in described second range of pitch is provided with the phasing signal source at the user opposite side.

13. the method for claim 1 comprises at least once in a while and sends described reference signal to user.

14. method as claimed in claim 13, described reference signal are an audible signal or visual signal.

15. method as claimed in claim 13 comprises generating the described reference signal with constant speed.

16. method as claimed in claim 13 comprises from user the previous operation of trigger is drawn described reference signal.

17. the method for claim 1 comprises from user the previous operation of trigger is drawn described reference signal.

18. the method for claim 1 is used for strengthening at least intrafascicular approximately a kind of of attention, Language Processing, reading skills and the aggressive behavior of user.

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