CN1226291A - Method and apparatus for making directional solidification castings - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for making directional solidification castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN1226291A CN1226291A CN97196810A CN97196810A CN1226291A CN 1226291 A CN1226291 A CN 1226291A CN 97196810 A CN97196810 A CN 97196810A CN 97196810 A CN97196810 A CN 97196810A CN 1226291 A CN1226291 A CN 1226291A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/52—Alloys
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Abstract
A method and apparatus for producing large, directionally solidified cast articles having a cast height greater than 200 mm, and preferably greater than 300 mm is described. The casting mold reliability, as well as the casting equipment, is improved by proportioned pouring of a molten superalloy into a casting mold where the mold is protected by suspender elements. The cast articles made by the inventive method are of particular interest to aircraft and power generation equipment, and include, but are not limited to, components such as blades, airfoils, buckets, nozzles, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus that is used to make directional solidification castings, and the foundry goods that utilizes described method and apparatus manufacturing to come out.The present invention is specially adapted to make the length that is used for steam turbine greater than 200 millimeters parts.The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of method and apparatus that can improve the reliability of ceramic-mould in described casting pouring process.
Background of invention
But utilizing manufacture order is known to the directed placing raising superalloy performance of columnar grain castings or single crystal casting.Single crystal casting and the key distinction of conventional polycrystalline foundry goods are to lack the different and direction of the direction border of intergranule arbitrarily.At present, use the industry of superalloy foundry goods,, need to select monocrystalline or polycrystalline directional solidification castings such as aircraft and ground steam turbine industry.
Utilize a kind of unidirectional solidification method to make and comprise monocrystalline and polycrystalline directional solidification castings, in described unidirectional solidification method, a cast shell mould that fusion superalloy material is housed is pulled out downwards from a process furnace.Described fusion superalloy material solidifies towards the upper end gradually from the lower end of described casting mold.For the produce single crystal foundry goods, one is had such as＜001 the crystal grain of the crystallization direction in crystal orientation is placed on the bottom of described casting mold.
A kind of method of making directional solidification castings comprises the following steps: in a heating region in poured with molten metal to a casting mold, utilize a chill plate to make the bottom cooling of described casting mold, and make described molten metal crystallization so that utilize the convection current radiation mode to make the bottom of described casting mold and top obtain cooling by the mode that described casting mold is pulled out gradually from described heating region, thereby make described casting solidification.This method is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3 857 436.The another kind of method of making directional solidification castings comprises the following steps: in a heating region in poured with molten metal to the superheated casting mold, and described casting mold is drawn in from described stove in the liquid cooling pond, and the temperature in described liquid cooling pond is lower than the solid-state temperature of institute's casting metal.This method is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3 915 761.Other modification of these methods is disclosed in (Russian Federation) patent N 2010672 of the Russian Federation and Russ P certificate (Russian Author Certificate) USSR N 1061926.
The defective of aforesaid method is that the length dimension of the foundry goods of being produced and cross section are restricted.Part reason is owing to the unreliability at casting mold described in the casting process causes.For massive casting, promptly length is greater than 200 millimeters foundry goods, and when molten alloy being poured in the described casting mold and then make described casting mold cooling, static pressure acts on the described casting mold.These reactive forces can make the foundry goods shape of described casting mold and manufacturing deform.Usually destroyed at casting mold itself described in the casting large-size castings process.Therefore, but need provide the method and apparatus of a kind of production length greater than about 200 millimeters massive casting, be reliable at casting mold described in the casting process wherein.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method that is used to make directional solidification castings, this method can improve the reliability of casting mold, it is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps: in the heating region of a casting furnace described casting mold is heated to a predetermined temperature; The fusion superalloy material of initial capacity is poured into the described casting mold that is arranged in described heating region so that the level attitude of fusion superalloy material above the solidified front of described foundry goods, thereby disturbance appears in the crystal growth that prevents directional solidification castings; Make described fusion superalloy material directional freeze by described casting mold is drawn in a cooled region from described heating region, further described fusion superalloy material is poured in the described casting mold simultaneously with certain speed so that the level attitude of described fusion superalloy material above described solidified front; And stop described fusion superalloy material is poured in the described casting mold, make the height that solidifies part of described foundry goods greater than half of described foundry goods total height.
The present invention also provides a kind of suspension that can improve described casting mold reliability in casting process.Described suspension comprises horizontal bearing beam or the bar that tightly centers on casting mold in the described casting furnace.The another embodiment of described suspension is, described suspension comprises beam or the bar that the manufacturing with described casting mold itself combines.This can finish by the model that is used to form described casting mold shape by paraffin or resin material manufacturing.
The present invention also provides a kind of cast rising head, and described cast rising head is arranged on the described casting mold along described casting mold vertical side.Described cast rising head has a passage at least in the die cavity of the inside of described casting mold, preferably have the passage more than, one fixedly pouring basin link to each other with described cast rising head in the mode of intussusception.Described pouring basin is arranged near the top of described stove.
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram in order to the ceramic shell mo(u)ld of pouring into a mould a blade foundry goods that is illustrated in that its base portion in the suspension makes progress.
Fig. 2 is illustrated in the downward synoptic diagram in order to the ceramic shell mo(u)ld of pouring into a mould a blade foundry goods of its base portion in the suspension.
Fig. 3 pours into a mould the side-view of a ceramic shell mo(u)ld of blade foundry goods along the A-A line of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 being used to of being seen.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of ceramic shell mo(u)ld, and wherein said ceramic shell mo(u)ld has a cast rising head, at least one enters passage and a fixed pouring basin of described casting mold die cavity.
Fig. 5 is the synoptic diagram of the cast model of described shell mould, and wherein the frame design of casting mold has the initial cast zone that is used for described fusion superalloy material directional freeze in the flange of the suspension that is attached in the casting mold model, described suspension and the described casting mold.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention relates to a kind of method and apparatus for the production of large-scale directional solidification castings, described The cast height of foundry goods is greater than 200 millimeters, more preferably greater than 300 millimeters. The present invention can improve casting mold Reliability with casting equipment. The foundry goods that utilizes the present invention to produce is specially adapted to aircraft In the energy generation, described foundry goods comprises classes such as screw, wing, blade, jet pipe Like parts, but be not limited thereto.
Put it briefly, the present invention refer in the heating region of a casting furnace with a type, shell, Shell mould or casting mold are heated to a predetermined temperature, at this kind of, shell, shell mould or casting mold all refer to casting mold, Wherein said casting mold contains a kind of ceramic material usually. Described predetermined temperature is at melting superalloy material Material begins crystallization or solidifies to make casting mold be enough to receive the temperature of melting superalloy material before. Described casting The preheat temperature of type is preferably on the fusion temperature of superalloy. The gas atmosphere of described casting furnace is logical Often remain under the vacuum environment. Can have a primary grain in the die cavity of described casting mold (starter crystal seed) is to impel the growth of desirable crystallographic orientation single crystal casting. Therefore, described casting mold is applicable to and produces polycrystalline or single crystal casting.
After described casting mold is heated to a predetermined temperature, with the superalloy material of described melting (being also referred to as melt here) is poured in the described casting mold. Can be in an independent stove or Heat described superalloy material in the independent part of described casting furnace and make it fusing. Described Temperature when the superalloy material (melt) of melting injects described casting mold can be higher than described melting The superalloy material begins about 100 ℃-120 ℃ of the temperature value of crystallization, but a little less than described casting mold Temperature.
The feature of the inventive method also is, when the melting superalloy material with capacity is poured into described After in the casting mold, the superalloy material of described melting begins directional solidification so that solidification front top The horizontal level of melting superalloy material or highly be enough to prevent the shape of crystal in the directional solidification process Become to occur disturbance or turbulent phenomenon. Be poured into the initial foot of the melting superalloy material in the described casting mold Enough amounts approximately can be the 10%-40% of described casting mold volume, are preferably 20% of described casting mold volume-30%. After the melting superalloy material with described capacity is poured in the described casting mold, with institute State casting mold and move on to the cooled region from described heating region, thereby make the superalloy material of described melting The beginning directional solidification. Described cooled region can be a chill plate or liquid metals cooling bay, or The person utilizes other cooling means that is suitable for to make the superalloy material of described melting begin directional solidification. This Related cooled region is a for example liquid metals cooling of Molten Tin or liquid aluminium in the invention The pond. Should also be noted that can exist between described heating region and the cooled region dividing plate with Further increase thermograde during the described foundry goods directional solidification of box lunch.
Because the fusion superalloy material original bulk that is poured in the described casting mold is abundant, for example account for described casting mold volumetrical 20%-30%, therefore can in directional freeze, utilize a pouring basin that fusion superalloy material is continued to be poured in the described casting mold, thus make the desired level attitude that reaches of described fusion superalloy material on the solidified front of cast fusion superalloy material to prevent that disturbance from appearring in the foundry goods crystal growth.
Should be noted that if the fusion superalloy material original bulk that was poured in the described casting mold is insufficient, parasitic crystal grain may be along different crystallization direction growths before beginning to solidify.Therefore, those skilled in the art's required original bulk of fusion superalloy material that can determine to be poured in the described casting mold solidifies to impel foundry goods monocrystalline or polycrystalline non-directional.As mentioned above, the fusion superalloy material original bulk that is poured in the described casting mold preferably accounts for the about 20%-30% of described casting mold volumetrical.
In the present invention, solidify with the proportional cast of fusion superalloy material and carry out simultaneously so that increase above solidified front gradually the position of described fusion superalloy material, thereby when the cast of described melt finishes, make the height of described casting solidification part always pour into a mould about 1/2 of height greater than described foundry goods with certain ratio.So also help reducing the mechanical load on the described ceramic-mould.In order to produce high-quality foundry goods, the position of the fusion superalloy material of solidified front top enough height so that the melt disturbance can not influence solidifying of foundry goods.A more satisfactory height is approximately 30 millimeters-70 millimeters.In addition, those skilled in the art do not need undue experimentation to determine suitable height location according to the size and dimension of described casting mold.
Another main points of the present invention are a kind of special suspension, and it also can increase the reliability of described casting mold.Described shell mould can be arranged in the suspension of described casting furnace before beginning to pour into a mould, and perhaps described suspension can be made the part of described actual shell mould in the molding stage of making a shell mould.Under first kind of situation, described suspension comprises sprung parts or element, and described sprung parts or element have horizontal bearing beam, described horizontal bearing beam in the position that is approximately at interval 1/4 casting mold height around or round described shell mould.When being poured into described fusion superalloy material in the described shell mould, described horizontal bearing beam bears the hydrostatic pressure of described fusion superalloy material.Described beam or bar can be made by molybdenum, graphite, graphite-base composite material or their mixture.With reference to Fig. 1, described shell mould 1 is suspended on two upper level bearing beams 2, and described horizontal bearing beam 2 is arranged in the opening of described top graphite inserts 3.Then make down a pair of horizontal beam 4 location.Described horizontal bearing beam is fixed described casting mold so that described shell mould is fixed in the described suspension around the sphenoid that the side surface and the utilization of described casting mold are made by molybdenum, graphite, graphite-base composite material or their mixture tightly.Determine the quantity of used horizontal bearing beam according to height, width and the cross-sectional dimension of described casting mold.For example, should a described horizontal bearing beam be set every about 100 ± 50 millimeters during less than 200 millimeters when the width of foundry goods.In casting process, those skilled in the art can utilize basic theory of machines to around and the quantity and spacing that supports the described horizontal bearing beam of described casting mold adjust.Utilize two vertical hangers of making by molybdenum, graphite, graphite-base composite material or their mixture that described suspension is suspended in the described casting furnace.Then described casting mold is installed in the described suspension.In Fig. 2, described shell mould 5 is suspended on two upper level bearing beams 6, and described horizontal bearing beam 6 is arranged in the opening of described top graphite inserts 7.Then make down a pair of horizontal beam 8 location.Fig. 3 is the sectional view of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Described shell mould 9 is suspended on two upper level bearing beams 10, and described horizontal bearing beam 10 is arranged in the opening of described top graphite inserts 11.Then make down a pair of horizontal beam 12 location.
In another embodiment of described suspension, be arranged in the described casting mold such as the sprung parts of beam, rod or bar or element a part as described casting mold.Described sprung parts or element are arranged in the model of described casting mold outside.At first utilize paraffin or plastics to make model, on described model, apply a kind of ceramic size then with ceramic-mould that is used for pouring cast part of final formation.In the starting stage of making paraffin model or plastic pattern, horizontal beam and vertical support beam are arranged on the described model that is used for casting mold as a framework.The for example available shaped element that has flange forms described framework, and the flange of its flush end is on the outside or outside surface of described casting mold.The frame section of described hanging element forms external cavity on described casting mold.When utilizing method well known in the art to produce described casting mold, when for example adopting the slurry casting to produce described casting mold, it is inboard and utilize a kind of ceramic size to seal the flush end of described framework to put into framework on the described casting mold such as the sprung parts of bar of being made by molybdenum, graphite, graphite-base composite material or their mixture or beam.Described framework is positioned at the top of initiation region on the described casting mold and distributes equably along the whole height of described casting mold.Then described casting mold is placed on the hanger of described casting furnace so that described casting mold is heated to a predetermined temperature according to the invention described above method.Fig. 5 has represented model 19, has had the framework 20 and the initiation region 22 of flange 21.
Except hanging element of the present invention, the invention still further relates to pouring basin and cast rising head.Pouring basin is arranged in the casting mold in the described casting furnace heating region.In order to eliminate the fusion superalloy material splash that is occurred when being poured into fusion superalloy material in the described casting mold, if do not have interior core in the described casting mold, then described pouring basin has the extension side part that can lead to described casting mold bottom.If be provided with interior core in the described casting mold, then described pouring basin leads in the specific cast passage.In another embodiment of the present invention, turbulent flow appears in the fusion superalloy material of pouring into a mould in order to reduce above described line of solidification, in a lateral sides of described casting mold a cast rising head is set.Described cast rising head is produced in the model of described casting mold.Whole height utilization along described model makes described cast rising head link to each other with described cast cavity with the passage of horizontal plane inclination certain angle, and described angle is spent to the scopes of+70 degree about-70 greatly.When being poured into fusion superalloy material in the described casting mold, if will make described passage also have filteration, then the length of the cross section of described each passage is approximately the 1-3 millimeter.Therefore, when making a model that is used for described casting mold, can with described cast rising head and suspension and described model combines and make described cast rising head and suspension become the part of last resulting casting mold.With reference to Fig. 4, ceramic shell mo(u)ld 13 has a cast rising head 14, and described cast rising head 14 is positioned on the lateral sides of described casting mold, has the passage 15 of little cross section on the lateral sides of described casting mold.Described pouring basin 16 is fixed and is positioned near the described casting furnace top.Also show the fixedly pouring basin 17 that is used for described fusion superalloy material is poured into simultaneously two groups of casting molds among Fig. 4.
In the present invention, by a fixedly pouring basin that is arranged in described casting furnace top described fusion superalloy material is poured into described casting mold.Described pouring basin enters in the described cast rising head in the mode of intussusception.When needs are poured into described fusion superalloy material in two or more sets described casting molds simultaneously, can use so fixing pouring basin, promptly described fixedly pouring basin has cast parts that are used for each cast rising head.
As mentioned above, by fusion superalloy material being poured into a mould riser gating to described casting mold from one with the passage of horizontal plane inclination certain angle, can make the mobile more steady of described fusion superalloy material like this, and the turbulent flow of parasitic grain growing can not occur in described foundry goods, to cause.In addition, described passage has enough little cross section, also helps to eliminate the formation of nonmetallic impurity in described foundry goods.
The following examples can further specify scope of the present invention, but are not limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
According to the present invention, use a casting furnace (Russian unit type UVNK-8P) that has a liquid cooling pond to make massive casting.The height that is used for the shell mould of casting large-scale wing is 400 millimeters, and chord length or cross-sectional length are 180 millimeters, and bottom width is 200 millimeters.The thickness of described shell mould is approximately the 8-10 millimeter and is up to solidify with its base portion.Described casting mold has a single grain in its initial die cavity and as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, described casting mold is positioned a specific suspension inboard.Described suspension has the hanger of two vertical molybdenum systems, and it is 20 millimeters bar that the hanger of described molybdenum system has diameter, utilizes the graphite inserts (sphenoid) with two openings that the hanger of described two vertical molybdenum systems is interconnected.Distance between described two openings approximates the thickness of described shell mould greatly.
For fear of described casting mold because of the weight of himself and the destruction that static pressure caused of described fusion superalloy material, need be to the horizontal beam of described suspension with described load transfer.These horizontal beams along the periphery of described casting mold tightly round the described casting mold and the destruction that can prevent described casting mold effectively.Described horizontal bearing beam is made by molybdenum and its cross-sectional area is 10 millimeters * 20 millimeters.
Described pouring basin has a pilot hole and described pouring basin is positioned at described die cavity inboard, thereby makes described pouring hole be positioned at distance about 200 millimeters position, described casting mold top.
Making Russian alloy designations in an induction furnace is the Ni-based corrosion-resistant superalloy fusing of ZhSKS, and the crucible volume of described induction furnace is approximately the 20-25 kilogram.Described casting mold is preheating to the temperature value that is higher than about 80-100 ℃ of described superalloy temperature of fusion.Superalloy temperature in the described crucible is risen to about 1560 ± 20 ℃ and by a pouring basin described fusion superalloy is poured in the described casting mold.When with the fusion superalloy material of about 4-5 kilogram (account for greatly described casting mold volume 20%) when being poured in the described casting mold, described casting mold is reduced to a cooled region from a heating region, thereby beginning to carry out directional freeze handles, and after moving to described casting mold in the described cooled region, simultaneously described fusion superalloy material is poured into the described casting mold from described induction furnace.
When described fusion superalloy material was poured into the end of processing of described casting mold, only about half of casting mold had dropped in the described cooled region.The casting mold that is full of described fusion superalloy material continues to descend in described cooled region to immerse fully in the described cooled region up to described casting mold.The foundry goods that will solidify takes out to expose the macrostructure of described foundry goods from described suspension and described casting mold.Can find, in described initiation region, use a single grain, selective freezing direction and directional freeze to handle a single crystal structure foundry goods along the whole high orientation of described foundry goods can be provided.
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, described wing solidifies downwards with its base portion.The localization method of described casting mold in described suspension as shown in Figure 2.Described horizontal bearing beam is made by sintering graphite.In the present embodiment, be poured at the Ni-based corrosion-resistant fusion superalloy fusion superalloy material of 7-7.5 kilogram (approximately) that with Russian alloy designations is ZhS. and begin to carry out directional freeze after accounting for its 30% volume in the described casting mold greatly and handle.The environment that the proportional cast of described fusion superalloy material and described directional freeze are handled as described in example 1 above.So the large-scale wing foundry goods of being produced has the single crystal structure along its whole short transverse.
Utilization makes the proportional cast of described fusion superalloy material and described directional freeze is handled the mode of carrying out simultaneously and utilize a specific casting mold suspension can improve the reliability of described shell mould and cast equipment.Also can improve the efficient of described directional freeze processing and can produce height greater than large-scale wing of 200 millimeters high quality and blade foundry goods, the height of described foundry goods is more preferably greater than 300 millimeters.This method also can be used for produce single crystal and polycrystalline foundry goods.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is to further specify of the present invention.A cast rising head is positioned at a lateral sides of a large-scale wing (blade) model, utilizing about 8 diameters is that 2 millimeters passage makes described cast rising head link to each other with described die cavity along the whole short transverse of casting mold, about 70 degree in the angle of inclination of described passage and horizontal plane.Then prepare a framework that is used for described sprung parts, wherein the flush end at described framework has flange.
After described model has been produced, dip the fabrication techniques ceramic shell mo(u)ld and described ceramic shell mo(u)ld was burnt about 4 hours down at 1250 ℃ according to slurry known in the field.Described molybdenum system sprung parts is held in place in the described cooling casting mold of described ceramic framework inboard.Then utilize a kind of ceramic size to make the flush end of described framework obtain sealing.Described casting mold and sprung parts are arranged in the casting furnace that Russian unit type is UVNK-8P, and the heated chamber in the described casting furnace vacuumized reach 1 * 10
-3Mm m.c..Making Russian alloy designations in an induction furnace is the nickel based super alloy fusing of ZhS.Utilize the fixed pouring basin described fusion superalloy material to be poured in the described casting mold by the passage of described inclination.Described fixed pouring basin inserts in the described cast rising head in the mode of intussusception.Divide two steps to pour into a mould.At first, the fusion superalloy material that accounts for described casting mold volume about 20% is poured in the described casting mold, and described casting mold is reduced in the described refrigerant so that the fusion superalloy material in the described casting mold begins to solidify with the speed of 10 millimeters of per minutes.After beginning to solidify in the initiation region of described fusion superalloy material in described casting mold, continue the described fusion superalloy material of cast, continue simultaneously described casting mold is drawn in the cooled region from described heating region.When described fusion superalloy material was poured into the end of processing of described casting mold, the casting mold of only about half of height had dropped in the described cooled region.The casting mold that is full of described fusion superalloy material continues to descend in described cooled region to immerse fully in the described liquid metal cooling pool up to described casting mold.
Finish and after described preheating oven quit work, described casting mold is taken out from refrigerant at process of setting, the described foundry goods that solidifies is taken out from described sprung parts and ceramic shell, and expose the macrostructure of described foundry goods.Described foundry goods is high 450 millimeters and have and be the single crystal structure of [001] along the crystal orientation of its whole short transverse.In the directional freeze process, described ceramic-mould is difficult for destroyed.Prevented that described sprung parts from suffering the destruction in metal cools pond.
Also can utilize the angle of inclination be approximately+70 diameter is approximately 3 millimeters passage and repeats said process.When the diameter of described passage during greater than 3 millimeters, described passage unable to get up can infiltrate in the foundry goods to filtering effect and thick nonmetallic impurity.Diameter is difficult to make less than 1 millimeter passage.
Method of the present invention can be produced monocrystalline and polycrystalline massive casting according to needed geometrical dimension.In the directional freeze process, described sprung parts can reclaim use.
Claims (22)
1. method that is used to make directional solidification castings, this method can improve the reliability of a casting mold or a plurality of casting molds, and described method comprises the following steps:
In the heating region of a casting furnace, described casting mold is heated to a predetermined temperature;
The fusion superalloy material of initial capacity is poured into the described casting mold that is arranged in described heating region so that the position of fusion superalloy material above the solidified front of described foundry goods, thereby disturbance appears in the crystal growth that prevents directional solidification castings;
By being drawn in a cooled region from described heating region, described casting mold makes described fusion superalloy material directional freeze, further described fusion superalloy material is poured in the described casting mold with certain speed simultaneously, so that the position of described fusion superalloy material is above described solidified front; And
Stop described fusion superalloy material is poured in the described casting mold, make the height that solidifies part of described foundry goods greater than half of described foundry goods total height.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described directional solidification castings is monocrystalline or polycrystalline foundry goods.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described casting mold is heated on the temperature of fusion of described fusion superalloy material.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the original bulk that is poured into the fusion superalloy material in the described casting mold is approximately described casting mold volumetrical 20%-30%.
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the position height that is positioned at the described fusion superalloy material of a solidified front top is approximately the 30-70 millimeter.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooled region comprises a liquid metal molten bath.
7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooled region comprises a chill plate and an interval that does not have boosting.
8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described casting mold comprises more than one inside die cavity to make a plurality of foundry goods.
9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described casting mold is suspended in the described stove vertically, and described casting mold is centered on by a suspension.
10. a method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described suspension comprises level and vertical sprung parts.
11. a method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described sprung parts is made by molybdenum, graphite, graphite-base composite material or their mixture.
12. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described casting mold has the model that hangs framework by one and makes.
13. a method as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, described suspension framework has and is positioned over the hanging element in the outside die cavity and utilizes a kind of ceramic size that the end of described hanging element is sealed.
14. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described casting mold has a cast rising head, and described cast rising head is arranged on the lateral sides of described casting mold, and described cast rising head has at least one passage that leads to the inner die cavity of described casting mold.
15. a method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described casting mold has more than one inside die cavity and utilizes at least one described passage that described each die cavity is connected with described cast rising head.
16. a method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, has certain angle between described passage and the horizontal plane, described angle is greatly between+70 degree and-70 degree.
17. a method as claimed in claim 16 is characterized in that, the diameter of described passage is at least about 1 millimeter.
18. a method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described cast rising head has a fixed pouring basin, and described pouring basin feeds in the described cast rising head in the mode of intussusception.
19. the foundry goods of a method manufacturing according to claim 1.
20. a foundry goods as claimed in claim 14 is a single crystal casting.
21. a device that is used to pour into a mould directional solidification castings, this device comprises: an induction furnace that is used for heating of metal, a heating unit that is used to heat described metal that links to each other with described induction furnace, a chamber that is used for the preheating casting mold, a heating unit that is used for described casting mold of preheating and chamber, one is used in described induction furnace the casting of metals of described heating to the poured apparatus of preheating casting mold, a casting mold suspension system that in described chamber, is used for the described casting mold of preheating, a cooling chamber and a device that is used for keeping a may command atmosphere at each chamber.
22. a casting mold, described casting mold have an inside die cavity suitable with casting dimension and an outside die cavity that is used for hanging element.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU96111520A RU2093305C1 (en) | 1996-06-05 | 1996-06-05 | Method for production of castings by directional crystallization |
| RU97104513A RU2118230C1 (en) | 1997-03-19 | 1997-03-19 | Process of production of monocrystalline billets |
| RU96111520 | 1997-03-19 | ||
| RU97104513 | 1997-03-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1226291A true CN1226291A (en) | 1999-08-18 |
Family
ID=26653883
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97196810A Pending CN1226291A (en) | 1996-06-05 | 1997-06-04 | Method and apparatus for making directional solidification castings |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20010001415A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0904430A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001505175A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20000016339A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1226291A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997046742A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1320972C (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-06-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rectangular cold crucible system suitable for continuous fusion casting directional freeze |
| CN100343001C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-10-17 | 北京铝镁泰和铸机设备科技有限公司 | Thin film metal crystallizer casting machine and application method |
| CN100368121C (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-02-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Directional freeze method for TiAl-based alloy plate |
| CN100406161C (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-07-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Oriented freezing cast method |
| CN102019354A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-04-20 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Directional solidification method of ultra-thin and long shrouded blade |
| CN102095754A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-06-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Solidification analysis method for large castings |
| CN102166643A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-31 | 江苏中欧材料研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing monocrystal blades from having mixed crystal defects |
| CN102389966A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-03-28 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Casting shaft hole water-cooling device for large marine fixed-pitch propeller |
| CN108080604A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-29 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Propeller casting forming solidification sequence control device and its rate-determining steps |
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| EP1561536A1 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2005-08-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Process of brazing repairing of a part having a base material with oriented microstructure |
| WO2006107769A2 (en) * | 2005-04-01 | 2006-10-12 | Gt Solar Incorporated | Solidification of crystalline silicon from reusable crucible molds |
| US20070051623A1 (en) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Howmet Corporation | Method of making sputtering target and target |
| US8079400B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 | 2011-12-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Process for casting columnar grain airfoil with preferential primary orientation |
| US8752611B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 | 2014-06-17 | General Electric Company | System and method for directional casting |
| US8708031B2 (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-04-29 | Babcock & Wilcox Technical Services Y-12, Llc | Method and mold for casting thin metal objects |
| CN114273610B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-06-25 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | Shell for oriented crystallization blade investment casting and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3915761A (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1975-10-28 | United Technologies Corp | Unidirectionally solidified alloy articles |
| US3857436A (en) * | 1973-02-13 | 1974-12-31 | D Petrov | Method and apparatus for manufacturing monocrystalline articles |
| US3927710A (en) * | 1974-08-21 | 1975-12-23 | United Technologies Corp | Joining of multi-section ceramic molds |
| US5309976A (en) * | 1993-03-16 | 1994-05-10 | Howmet Corporation | Continuous pour directional solidification method |
-
1997
- 1997-06-04 WO PCT/US1997/009716 patent/WO1997046742A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-04 CN CN97196810A patent/CN1226291A/en active Pending
- 1997-06-04 JP JP50084298A patent/JP2001505175A/en active Pending
- 1997-06-04 KR KR1019980709912A patent/KR20000016339A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-06-04 EP EP97931043A patent/EP0904430A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-06-04 US US09/194,625 patent/US20010001415A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100343001C (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-10-17 | 北京铝镁泰和铸机设备科技有限公司 | Thin film metal crystallizer casting machine and application method |
| CN100406161C (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2008-07-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Oriented freezing cast method |
| CN100368121C (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-02-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Directional freeze method for TiAl-based alloy plate |
| CN1320972C (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-06-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Rectangular cold crucible system suitable for continuous fusion casting directional freeze |
| CN102095754A (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2011-06-15 | 昆明理工大学 | Solidification analysis method for large castings |
| CN102095754B (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2014-07-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Solidification analysis method for large castings |
| CN102019354B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-11-07 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Directional solidification method of ultra-thin and long shrouded blade |
| CN102019354A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-04-20 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Directional solidification method of ultra-thin and long shrouded blade |
| CN102166643A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-31 | 江苏中欧材料研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing monocrystal blades from having mixed crystal defects |
| CN102166643B (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-07-24 | 江苏中欧材料研究院有限公司 | Method for preventing monocrystal blades from having mixed crystal defects |
| CN102389966A (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-03-28 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Casting shaft hole water-cooling device for large marine fixed-pitch propeller |
| CN108080604A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-05-29 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Propeller casting forming solidification sequence control device and its rate-determining steps |
| CN108080604B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-09-13 | 大连船用推进器有限公司 | Propeller casting forming solidification sequence control device and its rate-determining steps |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20000016339A (en) | 2000-03-25 |
| WO1997046742A1 (en) | 1997-12-11 |
| US20010001415A1 (en) | 2001-05-24 |
| EP0904430A1 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
| JP2001505175A (en) | 2001-04-17 |
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