The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the essential problem of photosynthesis efficiency, and researches a light effect agent which can greatly improve the photosynthesis efficiency of plants and the yield and the quality of crops.
With respect to the efficiency of light energy utilization, the existing theoretical studies are as follows: the solar energy entering the earth's atmosphere every year is about 1.3X 10 according to statistics23cal. The solar energy projected to the earth, about 10% -20% of which is reflected; secondly, the part leaked to the ground is absorbed by soil, and when the density of the crop is small and the growth is poor, the part can reach 50% -80%, even if the crop group is highly densely planted and grows vigorously, the part also has 5% -10%; and third is about 10% to 85% of the crop uptake. The whole of this portion absorbed by the crop is not available for photosynthesis, and first chlorophyll can only absorb and convert the visible light portion, accounting for about 47% of the total radiated light energy, and the remaining half is converted to heat and lost to the air.
Secondly, the photosynthetically active radiation also has a certain conversion efficiency, i.e. assimilation of 1 mol of CO21672KJ of solar radiation needs to be absorbed, whereas only 468.16KJ is stored in the photosynthetic product, so the maximum conversion rate of photosynthesis is 28%.
Assuming that under optimal conditions, the reflected and leaked light energy on the ground is 15%, the photosynthetically active radiation accounts for 47% of the total radiation, the maximum photosynthesis conversion rate is 28%, and then the respiration consumption is reduced by 50% and the absorption by non-photosynthetic organs is 10%, and the theoretical possible utilization rate of the total solar radiation energy is about 5%. Namely: (100% -15%) x 47% x 28% x (100% -50%) (100% -10%) approximately equal to 5%. In fact, for various reasons, the utilization of solar energy by crops is far from reaching this 5%.
At present, the utilization rate of the solar energy of crops is very low, the solar energy can only be utilized by 1 to 2 percent generally, some solar energy can even be less than 1 percent, the solar energy can only be utilized by about 0.4 percent generally in rice fields, and the solar energy is not more than 2 percent of high-yield fields of hybrid crops. According to measurement and calculation of experts, on the existing basis, if the utilization rate of solar energy is improved by 1%, the total crop yield per hectare can be increased by about 10 tons; if the light energy utilization rate of the rice in Jingjin area is improved to 2.6 percent, the maximum dry grain yield of one mu of rice can reach 1250 kg; in the lower reaches of Yangtze river and vast rice areas in south China, if the light energy utilization rate of a field is improved to 3 percent, 1412 kilograms of dry rice can be produced per mu of single-season rice; in the north China, if the average light energy utilization rate of total dry matters (including stems and leaves) in the growing period reaches 5%, the yield of the rice and the corn can reach 24-30 tons per hectare. At present, the maximum yield of hybrid rice is only about 800 kg. It follows that the potential for light energy utilization by crops is great.
Looking at this theoretical study, 10% -20% of the solar energy is reflected, which is an inherent property of the earth, and we are unable to change. The part which leaks to the ground and is absorbed by the soil has a large variation range from 5 percent to 80 percent, is limited by crop groups, and people can reduce the light leakage loss to the maximum extent through reasonable close planting, but the part does not touch the photosynthesis capacity of theplants. 10% of the non-respiratory organs absorbed by plants cannot be altered, nor does it touch the photosynthetic capacity of the plant itself. As for chlorophyll in plant respiratory organs, it absorbs and converts only the visible light, accounting for about 47%. This part can be considered as the intrinsic property of chlorophyll, which is also unalterable. What remains are the two problems of maximum photosynthetic conversion rate of 28% and respiratory consumption of 50%, which are the essential problems of photosynthetic capacity of plants, and one should only find a breakthrough from the two essential problems to improve the utilization rate of light energy of plants.
The meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine may provide a key for opening the gate. The theory of the meridians of TCM is as follows: meridians and collaterals are important components of human tissue structures. It is a unique system for communicating the exterior, interior and upper and lower, connecting viscera and tissues and circulating qi and blood. That is, the tissue structures of human body, including internal organs, limbs, bones, five sense organs, nine orifices, skin, flesh, muscles and bones, etc., are organically connected by the channels and collaterals system, thereby forming a unified body with interior and exterior, upper and lower, and interior and exterior closely connected and coordinated. The tissue structure itself, and the cells are connected by the meridian system.
The inventor considers that the expression of the meridian theory is applicable to all organisms (including animals and plants). Each plant has its own unique system of meridians.
Our ancestors discovered this meridian system from the medical practices of acupuncture, tuina, qigong, etc. for treating diseases of the human body. The meridians are found two thousand and five hundred years ago, and the circulation diagram of the human body meridians is accurately mapped. In the book of Nei Jing and Jing Mai Ling, the meridians and collaterals can control all the functions of the human body, and have the actions of "relieving death, treating all diseases, and regulating deficiency and excess". However, this finding has not been scientifically improved to the height and played its role for over 2500 years.
Like all other organisms, plants are also eaten and drank (absorbing fertilizer and water), respire, grow-up children (genetic breeding), and have the life and death. Therefore, what the meridians and collaterals of the plants do not have the effect of "deciding life and death, treating diseases, regulating deficiency and excess? The photosynthesis of plants is never the pure combination of water and carbon dioxide under the action of sunlight, and the combination of water and carbon dioxide cannot occur without various nutrient elements participating in the photosynthesis. Generally, plants absorb various nutrient elements (fertilizers) and water from roots, the nutrient elements and water are sent to stems and leaves of the plants through meridians, carbon dioxide (and other gases) is absorbed through respiratory organs, and under the action of sunlight, chlorophyll ingeniously combines the nutrient elements, water and carbon dioxide together to generate extremely complex combination action, generally called photosynthesis. The products of photosynthesis are in turn transported through the meridian system to all parts of the plant to nourish the plant's body. The absorption, photosynthesis, transmission and circulation constitute the life process of the plant. It should be noted in particular that this cyclic life process is energy consuming, as is the respiration of the plants. This is the essence of a maximum conversion rate of photosynthesis of 28% and a respiratory consumption of 50%. In fact, the conversion rate of photosynthesis of plants is far less than 28%, and the respiratory loss is muchmore than 50%. And when the wind is adjusted to be smooth and natural disasters are less, the consumption is less, so that the economic yield is higher, and otherwise, the economic yield is less. The loss rate of each plant is different even under the same external condition, which depends on the health and function of the meridian system of each plant, just as people are fat and thin. Therefore, to improve the photosynthesis efficiency of plants, it is essential to reduce the energy consumption and the respiration consumption of plants during the life process, thereby increasing the storage of the photosynthetic products and achieving the purpose of increasing the economic yield.
If we dredge the channels and collaterals of plants by a certain method and make the functions of the plants more sound, then the loss of transmission energy can be reduced in the life process of the plants, and the energy consumption in the respiration process can be reduced, and finally the aim of increasing economic yield can be achieved.
The theory of property and the principle of meridian tropism in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine provide the following ideas for people: since the medicines have five flavors, namely four flavors, and rise and fall, different medicines have different effects on various parts of the human body (which are repeatedly verified and summarized in medical practice), people can use different medicines to treat various diseases by composing the medicines. However, the treatment is finally to seek to dredge the channels and collaterals to cure the diseases. These principles are also applicable to plants, which can tonify various medicines, tonify qi, tonify yin, tonify yang, enrich blood, activate blood and remove stasis, relieve exterior syndrome and sweat, astringe to stop sweating, and perform dialectical application according to different plants.
Through long-term repeated exploration and practice, the inventor invents a 'photosynthetic agent' for improving the photosynthesis efficiency of plants, and the photosynthetic agent is a traditional Chinese medicine wine, and the traditional Chinese medicine formula is as follows:
1. 10-12 parts of qi tonics, namely astragalus and bighead atractylodes rhizome;
2. 12-14 parts of yin-tonifying medicines, namely one third of the wolfberry fruit, the ophiopogon root and the dogwood respectively;
3. 24-26 parts of yang tonifying medicines, namely one fourth of each of eucommia ulmoides, teasel roots, morinda officinalis and rhizoma cibotii;
4. 16-18 parts of blood tonics, namely one third of each of polygonum multiflorum, angelica and suberect spatholobus stem;
5. 13-15 parts of blood-activating medicaments, namely one third of each of ligusticum wallichii, salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower;
6. 6-8 parts of cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving medicines, namely one third of radix stemonae, platycodon grandiflorum and orange peel;
7. 3-5 parts of diuresis-inducing and dampness-removing medicines, namely cortex acanthopanacis and fructus rosae laevigatae in respective halves;
8. 2-4 parts of heat-clearing medicines, namely scutellaria baicalensis and phellodendron amurense;
9. the exterior-releasing herbs comprise 4-8 parts of schizonepeta, perilla, cassia twig, mint and chrysanthemum, which are one fifth of the total weight of the materials.
The 9 kinds of medicines are 27 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines, when certain medicine raw materials are in shortage, other medicines of the same kind can be used for replacing the medicines, for example, when dogwood is in shortage, dendrobe or polygonatum which is a yin tonifying medicine can be used for replacing the medicines, but 27 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines in the whole formula are not suitable for replacing more than 3 kinds of the medicines each time.
The Chinese medicine is prepared with the 27 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials and through mixing, crushing into fine powder. Adding 300-310 kg of water and 45-55 kg of brown sugar into 1 kg of medicinal powder, boiling in a boiler for 10-20 minutes, cooling, adding 150-160 kg of 95-degree medical alcohol (if the medical alcohol is adopted, the medical alcohol is harmless to human and livestock), mixing and clarifying to obtain a solution (about 500 kg, the ratio of the medicine to the solution is about 1: 500), and bottling and warehousing. The alcohol content of the light effect agent is 28 + -2 degree, the sugar content is 10 + -1%, and the color is date red. If the medicine is not crushed, the medicine can be directly added into a boiler for boiling, but the boiling time is prolonged to 25-40 minutes.
The inventor carries out 3-4 generation courtyard type planting tests on main crops of conventional rice, hybrid rice, conventional wheat, common soybean and common white bean, and the test results show that the method has the following obvious advantages:
1. after the crops are sprayed with the light effect agent, the photosynthesis efficiency of the crops is improved, each generation has inheritance, and the high-yield and high-quality new varieties with the yield twice as high as that of the original varieties can be obtained by systematic breeding through 3-4 generations generally, the time is 2 years and 4 years are more, while the existing various breeding methods generally require 8-10 years and the yield is not improved by 20% at most. Therefore, the light effect agent has obvious advantages in systematic breeding compared with all existing breeding methods.
2. The conventional breeding method is typically hybrid rice, but the conventional breeding method has obvious fertility weakness, namely low maturing rate, low seed production yield due to the fact that the hybrid advantages cannot be inherited, and is required to be specially used for seed production, the conventional rice is cultivated by using the light effect agent, after the conventional rice is bred by a 3-4 generation system, the fertility advantage is stronger than that of the hybrid rice, the maturing rate is higher than that of the hybrid rice, special seed production is not required, the seed cost is reduced, and the final yield is higher than that of the hybrid rice.
3. The prior various planting methods have low fertilizer utilization rate which is less than 45 percent no matter how fine the cultivation is and how good the conditions are, and the average utilization rate of the nitrogenous fertilizer in China is 30-35 percent, but after the planting is carried out by adopting the light effect agent, the photosynthesis efficiency is greatly improved (the improvement is realized by reducing energy loss), so the fertilizer utilization rate is also greatly improved and generally can reach more than 70 percent and is far higher than the highest utilization rate of developed countries in the western world by 45 percent.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1
1 ton of light effect agent is produced, and 2 kg of traditional Chinese medicine powder is needed according to the ratio of 500: 1. The middle value of the proportion of the nine medicines is required: qi tonics, astragalus root, white atractylodes rhizome each 110 g; 87 g of yin-tonifying medicine, medlar, ophiopogon root and dogwood respectively; yang tonics, eucommia bark, dipsacus root, morinda root, east Asian tree fern rhizome each 125 g; blood-tonifying medicine, 113 g of each of fleece-flower root, Chinese angelica and suberect spatholobus stem; blood-activating herbs, Ligusticum wallichii, root of red rooted saliva, safflower each 93 g; cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving herbs, radix stemonae, platycodon grandiflorum and orange peel each 47 g; 40 g of diuresis-inducing and dampness-removing herbs, namely acanthopanax bark and cherokee rose fruit respectively; heat-clearing herbs, baikal skullcap root, phellodendron bark each 30 g; exterior-releasing herbs, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, purple perilla, cinnamon twig, peppermint, chrysanthemum each 24 g.
The nine 27 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines are added into a pot, 2000 g of water and 100 kg of brown sugar are added into the pot, the pot is boiled for 30 minutes, 300 kg of 95-degree medical alcohol is added after cooling, the mixture is clarified by separating slag to obtain about 1 ton of solution, namely the light effect agent, and the light effect agent can be bottled and stored in a warehouse.
Example 2
1 ton of light effect agent is produced, and 2 kg of traditional Chinese medicine powder is needed according to the ratio of 500: 1. In the nine types of medicines, the exterior-releasing medicine takes 8 parts of upper limit value to meet the proportion balance, the yang-tonifying medicine takes 24 parts of lower limit value, the blood-tonifying medicine takes 16 parts of lower limit value, and the rest takes intermediate values, so that the formula needs to be as follows: qi tonics, astragalus root, white atractylodes rhizome each 110 g; 87 g of yin-tonifying medicine, medlar, ophiopogon root and dogwood respectively; yang tonics, eucommia bark, dipsacus root, morinda root, east Asian tree fern rhizome each 120 g; blood-tonifying herbs, 107 g of each of fleece-flower root, Chinese angelica and spatholobus stem; blood-activating herbs, Ligusticum wallichii, root of red rooted saliva, safflower each 93 g; cough-relieving and phlegm-resolving herbs, radix stemonae, platycodon grandiflorum and orange peel each 47 g; 40 g of diuresis-inducing and dampness-removing herbs, namely acanthopanax bark and cherokee rose fruit respectively; heat-clearing herbs, baikal skullcap root, phellodendron bark each 30 g; exterior-releasing herbs, Schizonepeta tenuifolia, purple perilla, cinnamon twig, mentha herb, chrysanthemum each 32 g.
The nine kinds of 27 Chinese herbal medicines are mixed and crushed into medium and fine powder, then the powder is put into a pot, 610 kg of water and 100 kg of brown sugar are added, the boiling is carried out for 15 minutes, 310 kg of 95-degree medical alcohol is added after the cooling, and after the mixing and the clarification, about 1 ton of clarified solution is obtained, the alcohol content, the sugar content and the color of the clarified solution are basically the same as those in example 1, and the effect is not obviously different.
When the light effect agent is used, clear water which is 300 times of the amount of the light effect agent is required to be diluted, the light effect agent is sprayed on stems and leaves of plants (crops) in a mist form, the light effect agent is sprayed for 1 time every 7 days from the germination and leaf growing of seeds to the flowering and fruit setting, 0.2 kg of the light effect agent is required for each mu, the light effect agent is generally sprayed for 7-8 times in the whole process, 1.6 kg of the light effect agent is required for each mu, the cost of the light effect agent is about 5 yuan for each kg, and the cost of each mu is. After the light effect agent is sprayed for 7-8 times, the channels and collaterals of plants (crops) can be dredged, the respiratory function of the plants (crops) is enhanced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the photosynthesis efficiency is improved, so that the yield increase amplitude is generally over 20% in each generation, and the yield per unit can be turned over on the original basis through systematic breeding inheritance of 3-4 generations. After the cultivation in large area, only two times of spraying are needed in the vegetative growth period.
The test results for conventional rice are now listed as follows:
the original variety, Guangxi Xingye county conventional rice, which is sticky and occupies 2 # and early rice, is 15.87 thousands per mu of basic seedlings, 22.68 thousands of effective ears (1: 1.43), the plant height is 110 cm, the average number of solid grains per ear is 110.4 grains, the maximum number of ears is 173 grains, the seed setting rate is 89.3 percent, the thousand grain weight is 20.4 g, the yield per mu is 511 kg, the whole growth period is 130 days, and the converted yield is 58.96 kg per hectare.
A. And (5) conventionally planting.
① planting in the absence of fertilizer, early season rice, direct seeding in water, soaking rice in water in 26 months in 1999, and harvesting rice in 25 months in 6 months.
② fertilizing garbage, planting medicinal residue, planting early season rice, directly seeding with water, soaking rice in water in 2-26 months in 1999, and harvesting rice in 25-6 months.
B. And (5) testing the light effect agent.
① the method comprises mixing garbage fertilizer, residue fertilizer, urea, spraying light effective agent, planting early season rice, directly sowing with water, soaking rice 3-6 days in 2000 years, and harvesting rice 16-7 months.
② planting garbage fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spraying the first generation of seeds with light effect agent, directly sowing early season rice and water, soaking rice 3 and 1 day 2001, and harvesting rice 7 and 10 days.
③ medicated residue fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulated fertilizer, second generation seeds of the light effect agent, light effect agent spraying, dry planting, irrigating after three leaves, soaking in water 3/2/2002, and harvesting after 7/8/7.
④ the light effect agent for the third generation of rice regenerated rice is sprayed in the whole course, the stubble is remained in 7-8 months in 2002, and the rice is harvested in 9-17 months.
⑤ planting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formulated fertilizer, spraying light effect agent to the third generation seeds, spraying light effect agent in the whole course, late rice, dry planting, irrigating water after 40 days, soaking rice in 12 months in 7 months in 2002, planting rice in 14 days, and harvesting rice in 7 days in 11 months.
As can be seen from the table, through the breeding inheritance of the light effect agent four-generation system, the tillering and heading coefficient of the light effect agent four-generation system is increased from the original 1.43 to 5.28, which exceeds the tillering capability of common hybrid rice, and the daily and hectare yield is more than twice of the original variety. This is because the photosynthetic efficiency of rice is improved by the photo-active agent and the genetic result is obtained.
In the aspect of fertilizer utilization rate, 70 kg of urea, 117 kg of calcium superphosphate and 68 kg of potassium chloride are applied to each mu of the fourth generation of the conventional rice, and other fertilizers are not applied. Thus, 32.2 kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 18.72 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 38.76 kg of potash fertilizer areapplied in an acre. The yield of paddy is 983 kg, the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer is 24.58 kg, the absorption of phosphate fertilizer is 11.80 kg, and the absorption of potassium fertilizer is 30.47 kg. The utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the applied fertilizer are 76.34%, 63.03% and 78.61% respectively (assuming that the fertility of the soil remains unchanged after each planting). The utilization rate of the fertilizer is far higher than the current average utilization rate (30-35%, 10-20% and 35-55%) of China and far higher than the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer in developed countries of the West by 45%. It is also known that the improvement of the efficiency of photosynthesis is achieved mainly by improving the utilization rate of fertilizer by reducing the energy loss of the products of photosynthesis during the transportation.