CN1218163C - 传感器 - Google Patents

传感器 Download PDF

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CN1218163C
CN1218163C CN011217057A CN01121705A CN1218163C CN 1218163 C CN1218163 C CN 1218163C CN 011217057 A CN011217057 A CN 011217057A CN 01121705 A CN01121705 A CN 01121705A CN 1218163 C CN1218163 C CN 1218163C
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sensor
sensing element
resonance frequency
detect
vibration
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CN1329243A (zh
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T·克维斯特雷
J·亨里克
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Sensonor AS
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SENSANNOL CO Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P21/00Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01FMEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/20Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow
    • G01F1/28Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by detection of dynamic effects of the flow by drag-force, e.g. vane type or impact flowmeter
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/18Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material
    • G01L1/183Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material by measuring variations of frequency of vibrating piezo-resistive material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P15/097Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values by vibratory elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P15/00Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
    • G01P15/02Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses
    • G01P15/08Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values
    • G01P2015/0805Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration
    • G01P2015/0822Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass
    • G01P2015/0825Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass
    • G01P2015/0828Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by making use of inertia forces using solid seismic masses with conversion into electric or magnetic values being provided with a particular type of spring-mass-system for defining the displacement of a seismic mass due to an external acceleration for defining out-of-plane movement of the mass for one single degree of freedom of movement of the mass the mass being of the paddle type being suspended at one of its longitudinal ends

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pressure Sensors (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

一种由半导体材料构成的传感器。该装置包括支承框架、读出元件、以及以一般对应于第一谐振频率振动方式的频率来振动读出元件的装置。错误检测装置检测谐振频率振动方式,错误检测装置的输出表示存在或者不存在所述谐振频率振动方式对所述激励的预期的响应。检测读出元件变形的装置提供表示待检测的参数的输出信号,变形检测装置和错误检测装置由相同元件构成。

Description

传感器
本发明涉及传感器,如压力和流量传感器、传动加速度计等,具体地说,它涉及这些装置的能够对其功能性进行测试的特征。
目前,在测量各种物理特性(如加速度、压力以及流量等的变化)的微型机械加工装置的开发方面取得了许多进展。这些装置适用于多种应用场合,例如,它被广泛地用于航空航天和汽车工业中。这些装置采用弹性部件,如加速度计中的质量弹簧系统、压力传感器中的薄板或膜片或者是更广泛范围中的某些弹性弹簧元件。例如,此类应用中的一种加速度测量方法就是提供一种由半导体材料构成的装置,这种装置具有一个块状物,后者由半导体材料构成并且相对于所述装置的其它部分悬挂着。通过根据所述块状物的移动而以压阻方式、电容方式、静电方式或热方式来测量所述装置的变形,就可以检测所述装置加速度的变化。尽管这些方法是有效的,但是如果装置被损坏或处于无效工作状态,就可能出现问题。这是因为很难区分外部加速度产生的信号、装置外部出现的损坏产生的信号、或者是在运行过程中由于装置内部的损坏而引起的信号丢失等情况。
加速度计中采用的另一种方法是以谐振频率来激励所述装置。对于这些装置,装置上装有检测器来对装置的谐振频率进行检测,所述谐振频率取决于外部加速力。这样,通过探查谐振频率,就可以得知外部加速度。由于谐振频率的连续检测,这种方法可以间接地提供连续功能性测试,但是因为它要求附加的电路等,所以成本比较高。
本发明力图提供效能价格更为合算的装置,它结合了功能性和提供测试指示器(或自测试)的能力。
本发明力图提供微型机械加工装置,它既可靠又效能价格合算,在运行中可以进行定期或连续测试,从而保证正常的功能性。
根据本发明,提供一种由半导体材料构成的传感器,所述装置包括:
支承框架;
读出元件;
以一般相当于第一谐振频率振动方式的频率来振动所述读出元件的装置;
错误检测装置,用于检测谐振频率振动方式,错误检测装置的输出表示存在或者不存在所述谐振频率振动方式对所述激励的预期的响应;
检测读出元件的变形以便提供表示待感测的参数的输出信号的装置,变形检测装置和错误检测装置由相同元件构成,其中,检测变形的装置与建立振动的装置完全相同,可以用电子仪器检测错误检测信号以及读出信号。
所述读出元件可以是膜片,而传感器可以是压力传感器。读出元件可以是块状物(mass)或若干块状物以及支撑杆(support beam)或若干支撑杆,所述传感器可以是加速度计。
读出元件可以是弹簧。振动装置可以是一个或一个以上电阻元件。谐振频率检测装置可以是一个或一个以上设置在装置上的压敏电阻。支持和读出元件可以由单一半导体基片构成。半导体可以是硅。
将利用压敏电阻/电容器等检测外力引起的弹簧/块状物、薄板/膜片或某些弹簧元件中的变形。工作频带将低于产生简单隔离段的基本谐振(第一)模式。此外,当以这些谐振频率之一激励时,将可以采用压敏电阻、电容元件等检测所述谐振频率。这样,装置所产生的反应可以呈现两方面重要信息,即有关功能性的信息、就是说、关于是否正常运行的信息,以及外部加速度、压力、流量等等。本发明装置的自测试具有这样的优点:在使用所述加速度计期间可以或者连续地进行测试、或者以一定的时间间隔进行测试,以便减少功耗。
下面将结合附图对本发明的实例进行说明,附图中:
图1a和1b分别是根据本发明的装置的示意的侧视图和俯视图;
图2是根据本发明第二实例装置的平面透视图;
图3是根据本发明第三实例装置的横截面视图;
图4是说明图1至图3所示装置的输出相对于所施加的加速力的变化的曲线图;
图5是说明在图1和图2所示装置中采用的实例电路的电路图;
图6是图3的实例装置的开环响应或电路输出的曲线图;以及
图7是根据本发明的另一个实例装置的平面图。
参考图1a和1b,根据本发明的加速度计的块状物1悬挂在支承框架4上的平行支撑杆2、3上。在此实例中,所有组件均由单个半导体基片构成,半导体基片最好是采用硅。
支撑杆2之一具有连接到它上面的电阻元件5。在另一个支撑杆3上有若干压敏电阻检测元件6,用来建立惠斯登电桥。下面将指出,激励元件5和检测元件6也可以设置在其它位置上。
使用时,将交流电流加到激励元件5上,将支撑杆2加热,于是使支撑杆2振动,从而使块状物1和另一个支撑杆3产生振动。所述系统的振动在检测元件6中产生信号,而且振动频率能够以闭环方式进行控制,以便以谐振频率连续地振动块状物1和支撑杆2、3,所述谐振频率的值表示装置的正确的可操作性。沿Z轴向对块状物施加加速力或减速力,使块状物和支撑杆结构变形,并且检测所加的加速力或减速力。这种变形(二次振动系统)在基本频率下具有线性响应(图4)。
图2和图3说明了另一种本发明可行的块状物/支撑杆配置。图2说明一种配置,此配置中有两个独立的块状物,由适当的支撑杆支持,同时也有适当的激励和检测装置。图3是配置的横截面视图,其中的块状物也有单一支撑杆,相应的部件的编号相同。
图5的电路提供表示图1至图3所示类型的装置中信号变化的输出信号(与图4所示类似),从而提供表示加到装置上的加速度/减速度的输出信号。为了在此实例中提供线性响应,参数检测信号在以1×104赫兹为中心的范围内。
以下将参考图6进行说明,本发明的装置对于激励频率具有不同的响应,有几个峰值。如前所述,在此情况下,所述实例中的读出信号频率一般位于1×104赫兹的范围内。这使得能够以例如1×105赫兹范围内的谐振频率激励所述装置,而不会影响读出信号,但在某种程度上,它可以用来确定装置的或者基于连续或者基于间断的功能性。
图7显示压力检测器的俯视图,图中,对应于前面所述加速度计实例的部件的编号均相同。在这种情况下,代替支撑杆和块状物配置的中心膜片(可由与支承框架4相同的半导体材料构成)上形成有激励元件5和检测元件6。同样,可以采用一个或一个以上电阻5(在此实例1中处于中央位置),通过振动方式的热激励,来进行装置1读出元件(此处为膜片)的激励。检测元件6将输出信号提供给图5所示类型的电路,使得可以利用第一模式的谐振频率振动来提供自测试信号,同时,根据由所述检测器所处气体的压力变化引起的膜片位移而利用不同频率的输出信号来提供读出信号。

Claims (10)

1.一种由半导体材料构成的传感器,该装置包括:
支承框架;
读出元件;
以一般对应于第一谐振频率振动方式的频率来振动所述读出元件的装置;
错误检测装置,用于检测所述谐振频率振动方式,所述错误检测装置的输出信号表示存在或者不存在所述谐振频率振动方式对所述激励的预期的响应;
用于检测所述读出元件的变形以便提供表示待读出的参数的输出信号的装置,所述变形检测装置和错误检测装置由相同元件构成,使得用于检测变形的装置与读出振动的装置是相同的装置,并且能够以电子方式既检测错误检测信号也检测读出信号。
2.根据权利要求1的传感器,其特征在于:所述振动装置是一个或一个以上电阻元件。
3.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,其特征在于:所述谐振频率检测装置是一个或一个以上压敏电阻。
4.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,其特征在于:所述半导体是硅。
5.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,其特征在于:所述支承框架和读出元件由单一半导体基片构成。
6.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,它设置成起加速器的作用,其特征在于:所述读出元件包括至少一个支撑杆和至少一个块状物。
7.根据权利要求6的传感器,其特征在于:所述振动装置设置在一个或一个以上所述支撑杆上。
8.根据权利要求6的传感器,其特征在于:所述压敏电阻设置在一个或一个以上所述支撑杆上。
9.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,它设置成起压力传感器的作用,其特征在于:所述传感元件是膜片。
10.根据权利要求1或2的传感器,其特征在于设置成起流量传感器的作用。
CN011217057A 2000-06-16 2001-06-18 传感器 Expired - Fee Related CN1218163C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP00305111A EP1164378B1 (en) 2000-06-16 2000-06-16 Acceleration Sensor
EP00305111.7 2000-06-16

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CN1218163C true CN1218163C (zh) 2005-09-07

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EP (1) EP1164378B1 (zh)
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CN1329243A (zh) 2002-01-02
EP1164378A1 (en) 2001-12-19
EP1164378B1 (en) 2012-03-14
US20020011637A1 (en) 2002-01-31
KR20020005417A (ko) 2002-01-17
JP2002062311A (ja) 2002-02-28
BR0102382A (pt) 2002-02-19
US6576968B2 (en) 2003-06-10

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