CN1213715C - 抗微生物的检龋组合物 - Google Patents

抗微生物的检龋组合物 Download PDF

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CN1213715C
CN1213715C CNB981070809A CN98107080A CN1213715C CN 1213715 C CN1213715 C CN 1213715C CN B981070809 A CNB981070809 A CN B981070809A CN 98107080 A CN98107080 A CN 98107080A CN 1213715 C CN1213715 C CN 1213715C
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福西京子
日野宪一
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种可有效地用于龋的牙科治疗中用来去除可能遗留在染龋牙齿的洞中的生龋微生物的检龋组合物,其包含下述组份:水和/或可与水混溶的溶剂;一种能使牙齿的染龋部分着色的染料;以及至少一种选自下列成员的抗微生物剂:阳离子杀微生物剂、双胍型杀微生物剂和卤代二苯醚型杀微生物剂。

Description

抗微生物的检龋组合物
本发明涉及在龋齿的牙科治疗中用于牙齿的抗微生物的检龋组合物,在去除牙齿的感染牙质之前,用其将生龋微生物感染的这部分牙齿选择性地着色,以便于去除感染部分。本发明更详细地涉及能同时对牙齿的感染部分杀菌和着色的组合物。利用本发明的抗微生物的检龋组合物可将感染了龋的牙质去除,同时避免牙洞及其周围被高度损害的组织部分污染,高度损害的组织在去除感染部分的过程中可能扩散。因此,通过提供一种抗微生物的检龋组合物,本发明提供了更安全的治疗龋的方式,即不会没有去除掉感染的牙质,也不会使已去除了感染牙质的牙齿再次污染。
在龋齿的常规治疗中,为了去除被生龋微生物感染的牙质,将感染部分选择性地着色以便能清楚地将其与其他部分区别开,由此尽可能完全地去除掉感染的牙质。为此,日本专利申请(JPA)公开号Sho-51-38428提出了包含碱性品红和一元或多元醇的“检龋组合物”,并已制备了一些产品。但是,即使已开发出这样一种检龋组合物,并已成为商品广泛使用,仍然有许多龋治疗后出现牙髓刺激的报道,这是牙科学领域中的一个严重问题。
另一方面,为了防止龋齿,JPA公开号Sho-51-38427提出了“检测牙斑或结石的组合物”,它是将黏附在牙齿表面上引起龋的牙斑或类似物着色,JPA公开号Sho-56-96700提出了“龋活性指示组合物”,它每天能充分地对牙刷作出指示并据此判断出牙斑的危险程度。前一个组合物包含溶解于多元醇和/或水中的染料,而后一种组合物包含溶解于水溶性聚合物的水溶液中的pH指示剂,其中还加入了选自氯霉素化合物和叠氮化钠化合物的抗生素或防腐剂。
在这些申请中都讨论了引起牙髓刺激的原因,最大的可能性是滋补成分将穿透牙髓,并已针对上述穿透问题进行了各种研究。然而即使将滋补成分自身埋在牙髓附近,也没有引起任何严重的刺激。因此,最近有一种理论认为细菌性龋发生是导致牙髓刺激的原因,细菌性龋发生使得口腔细菌继发性侵害龋洞,并使得无法去除导致牙髓刺激的被生龋微生物感染的部分。近期针对防止口腔细菌继发性侵入牙洞所做的研究是直接增加牙髓与应用于其上的滋补物质间的粘附性,从而改善滋补物质的边缘的封闭性。结果,最近将滋补物质粘附到牙质上的技术已达到了非常高的水平。因此,这时牙髓刺激的情况减少了,但还是不能说已没有龋治疗后发生牙髓刺激的报道了。
直到现在,剩下的牙髓刺激的原因是没有去除感染了龋的牙质,和就在将滋补物质用于带有染龋组织部分的已清除过一次的清洁牙洞之前,其又被感染了龋的组织部分污染。考虑到这些问题,本发明人对于各种能够消除无法从牙齿上去除生龋微生物感染部分的可能性和/或清洁过的牙洞被已去除感染牙质污染的可能性的物质进行了深入的研究,并得到下述发现。
①如果感染部分很厚的话,检龋组合物不能应用一次就完全穿透到牙齿染龋部分的最深部位。因此,牙医师反复将检龋组合物应用于牙齿的受损害区域以确认感染部分,并在受损害部分中钻出一个洞。然而,如果牙医师没有进行最后着色以最终确认感染部分的话,就存在生龋微生物不能被完全清除的可能性。
②在感染牙质的去除几乎完成时,要检查牙质是否已被着色通常是困难的,因此感染牙质的去除经常不完全。在牙洞底部太薄的情况下,切割工具经常会穿透牙髓。为了避免这种事故,治疗牙医通常将停止去除看上去只轻微着色的部分。
③由粉状牙质组成的所谓的涂敷层是感染部分被去除后必然在牙质表面形成的,而细菌可能将保留在涂敷层中。
④当牙质小管位于为了去除感染部分而钻孔的牙质的表面中时,涂敷层被压人这些牙质小管中以形成涂敷塞。据说保留在牙质小管的开口处的涂敷塞在防止牙髓受到滋补物质成分的损害中起到重要的作用。但是,涂敷塞也有可能被生龋微生物感染。
⑤在去除感染部分的过程中,高度污染的牙质部分有可能在感染牙齿的周围分散,它们将与体液如唾液混合,由此将再次污染受损害的部分。
迄今尚没有针对上述⑤的可能性采取措施。
必须要避免没有去除感染牙质。但是,即使感染的牙质不能完全去除或者即使感染的牙质污染了损害部分,如果将存在于感染牙质中的细菌灭活,就不应该引起龋发生。为此,如果用能有效对抗生龋微生物的杀微生物溶液处理感染牙齿中形成的洞的话,就可达到预期的目的。在牙科学领域的各种会议和牙科学的各种杂志中经常提出关于这种试验的一些报道。然而,即使用这样的杀微生物溶液处理龋洞,该杀微生物溶液是否能穿透感染牙质的整个区域将依赖于感染牙质的厚度。髓洞有其自己的内压,在牙质小管中的内液从牙髓流到牙齿的表面,因此,即使将杀微生物剂应用到感染牙质的表面,事实上杀微生物剂要有效地穿透到感染牙质的内部深处也是困难的。因此,如果感染牙质很厚,应用于其上的杀微生物剂通常可能是无效的。
为了解决上述问题,本发明人已进行了反复研究并得出下述观点。
①用检龋组合物将感染牙质着色,同时进行杀菌,去除牙质后的步骤中形成的粉状牙质处在无菌条件下。由此,因粉状牙质对损害部分的污染而导致的牙髓刺激的危险大大减小,甚至邻近牙齿和可能导致别的龋发生的树胶和其他工具污染的危险也大大减少。
②当去除感染牙质时,为了检龋而着色和杀菌同时进行,感染牙质被高度杀菌并降低了它的厚度。因此,甚至存在于损害部分深处的细菌也可有效地杀死。特别是,当为了最终确认而进行最后着色后,洞中不再存在感染牙质。即使有一些细菌已附着到损害部位,这些损伤部位也将完全不受细菌影响。在这些条件下,将确保令人满意的治疗效果。在这些发现的基础上,本发明人为了找出抗微生物的检龋组合物,对下述问题进行了进一步研究。
在本发明中有用的杀微生物剂可以是任何迄今已知的用于牙齿的去污剂和杀微生物组合物。但是,①优选的是:能用浓度为1000μg/ml的杀微生物溶液在10秒钟内杀死每1cm3内10,000细菌的99%或更多,其中所述细菌包括变形链球菌和乳杆菌,据说它们是生龋细菌;轻型链球菌和粘性放线菌,据说它们是可以具有生龋性的细菌;以及据说会引起牙髓刺激的绝对厌氧菌。
②杀微生物剂必须溶于水和/或可与水混溶的溶剂。
③当杀微生物剂储存于本发明的组合物中时,它必须在长时间内是稳定的,且必须不会使组合物中的染料脱色。
在常用的杀微生物剂中,优选阳离子杀微生物剂、双胍型杀微生物剂,卤代二苯醚和它们的类似化合物作为杀微生物剂用于本发明中。在这些物质中,更优选至少选自下列成员中的一种:盐酸十六烷基吡啶鎓,洗必泰,三氯森(trichlosan)和氟甲氯苯脲,或者它们中的两种或多种的混合物。
更优选的是,本发明的检龋组合物甚至在去除了龋损害部位后的治疗阶段还具有某些其他活性。具体地说,在分子中带有抗微生物基团和可聚合基团的可聚合抗微生物化合物不会与随后牙胶在牙齿表面上的应用相干扰,尽管它保留在牙质的表面上,另外,在滋补操作过程中,它与该牙胶共聚合来加固粘附层。与不聚合但保留的其他抗微生物化合物不同,可聚合抗微生物化合物保留在滋补物质中与牙科治疗后的物质化学键合。考虑到粘附强度,希望可聚合抗微生物化合物显示出显著的安全作用。另外,这种类型的化合物还应该改善牙质的表面以与牙胶更适合。本发明人已发现,这种类型的抗微生物化合物优选在分子中具有(甲基)丙烯酰或苯乙烯基和季铵盐基团的可聚合抗微生物化合物中的一种或多种,它们由式1到式4表示,并已完成了本发明。
本发明提供了一种抗微生物的检龋组合物,包含水和/或可与水混溶的溶剂,一种能使牙齿的染龋部分着色的染料,以及至少一种选自下列成员的抗微生物剂:阳离子杀微生物剂,双胍型杀微生物剂和卤代二苯醚型杀微生物剂。
本发明还提供了一种抗微生物的检龋组合物,其包含水和/或可与水混溶的溶剂,一种能使牙齿的染龋部分着色的染料,以及至少一种选自下列成员的可聚合的抗微生物剂:由下列通式1,2,3和4表示的、在分子中具有(甲基)丙烯酰或苯乙烯基和季铵盐基团的化合物:
H2C=C(R1)-C(O)-X-R2-Y                  (1)
其中:
R1=H或CH3
R2=C2-C12的亚烷基,
X=O,S,或NH,
Y=
Figure C9810708000061
-N+(R3)3·Z-
Figure C9810708000062
-N(R3)2·HCl,
Figure C9810708000071
-N+R4 2R3·Z-
Figure C9810708000072
其中:
R3=H或C1-C18的烷基;
R4=CH3,CH2CH3,或CH2CH2OH;
Z=F,Cl,Br,或I;
[H2C=C(R5)-C(O)-X-R6-]2-Y′                      (2)
其中:
R5=H或CH3
R6=C2-C12的亚烷基,
X=O,S,或NH,
Y′=
>N+(R8)2·Z-
Figure C9810708000073
Figure C9810708000075
其中:
R7=H或C1-C18的烷基;
R8=CH3,CH2CH3,或CH2CH2OH;
Z=F,Cl,Br,或I;
H2C=C(R9)-C6H4-R10-Y                     (3)
其中:
R9=H或CH3
R10=C2-C12的亚烷基,
Y=与式(1)中的Y相同;
Figure C9810708000081
其中:
R11=H或CH3
R12=C1-C12的亚烷基,
R13=C1-C12的亚烷基,
R14=C12-C22的烷基,
A=O,S,或NH,
B1,B2=选自-CO-,-CO2-,-O-,-S-,-OCONH-和-NHCO2-的相同或不同基团,
Z=F,Cl,Br或I。
在本发明的抗微生物检龋组合物中有用的杀微生物剂的实例包括:各种季铵盐的阳离子杀微生物剂,其中优选盐酸十六烷基吡啶鎓。还优选双胍型杀微生物剂,其中更优选洗必泰的各种盐。其他优选的是卤代二苯醚和它们的类似物,其中特别优选的是三氯森,氟甲氯苯脲,六氯苯等。至于其他可用于本发明的杀微生物剂包括百里酚,丁子香油,甲磺灭脓,呋喃西林,氨苯磺胺制剂,呋喃西林衍生物,丫啶型染料,福尔马林制剂,双胍啶,cetapron,硝甲酚汞(metafen),氨苯磺胺等。在这些物质当中,特别优选的是三氯森,氟甲氯苯脲,洗必泰和盐酸十六烷基吡啶鎓。
用于本发明的可聚合的抗微生物剂的实例包括式1所示的具有(甲基)丙烯酰基团或苯乙烯基的季铵盐,以及式2所示的具有(甲基)丙烯酰氧基和吡啶鎓盐基团的可聚合的抗微生物化合物。在本文中所用的术语“季铵盐”包括狭义上的季铵盐和吡啶鎓盐。
其中特别优选的是:
溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基十二烷基吡啶鎓,
溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基十六烷基吡啶鎓,
溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基十六烷基吡啶鎓,
氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基十二烷基吡啶鎓,
氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基十六烷基吡啶鎓,
氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基十六烷基吡啶鎓,溴化N,N-二甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基十二烷基苄基铵,氯化N,N-二甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基十二烷基苄基铵,溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十八烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十八烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十六烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十六烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十二烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,氯化甲基丙烯酰氧基[4-N-十二烷基吡啶基甲基]琥珀酸乙酯,溴化十六烷基[4-3-(5-甲基丙烯酰氧基)戊酰氧基)丙基]吡啶鎓,氯化十六烷基[4-(12-甲基丙烯酰氨基)十二烷酰氧基甲基)丙基]吡啶鎓等。
有用的还有氯化4-乙烯基苄基甲基十二烷基铵,氯化4-乙烯基苄基甲基十六烷基铵,氯化2-苯乙烯基乙基甲基十二烷基铵,氯化2-苯乙烯基乙基甲基十六烷基铵等。
不过,某些类型的抗微生物剂,叠氮化钠,苯酚,甲酚,过氧化氢,碘仿,次氯酸等杀微生物剂对于本发明组合物是不适合的,因为它们在组合物中容易分解或将使存在于组合物中的染料分解或变质,并且当它们保留在牙质的表面上时,它们可能将干扰随后可游离基聚合组合物的聚合作用。
用于本发明的抗微生物的检龋组合物中的染料必须可溶解于溶剂中,且能够可见性地指示出组合物已穿透的部分。另外,染料必须是没有从穿透部分去除的那些,甚至当该部分用水冲洗时。优选的是,染料的颜色与自然牙质的颜色明显不同,且能够在其本身颜色和自然牙质的颜色间形成显著的对比。因此,优选深色染料如红色、蓝色、紫色或黑色染料。这些染料的实例包括碱性品红,曙红,赤藓红,酸性品红,藏红,玫瑰红,焰红BK,酸性红,坚牢酸性品红,焰红B,坚牢绿FCF,若丹明B,龙胆紫,叶绿素铜钠,紫胶色酸,胭脂红,和紫苏甙。本发明中可使用这些染料中的一种或多种。
组合物中染料的浓度优选重量百分比为0.1-2%,更优选0.1-1%。如果其低于所定义范围,该染料将不能对预定区域进行满意的着色。但是,如果其高于所定义范围,染料甚至将把第二脱钙层,甚至把健康区域也染上色。如果这样,就很难确定感染面积了。
选择用于本发明组合物中的溶剂时,必须使该溶剂不仅能够溶解染料和组合物中的杀微生物剂,而且能降低组合物的粘度以便于组合物向感染牙质中浸透。至于溶剂,优选的是可与水混溶的溶剂,其可以任何比例容易地与水混溶而得到均匀溶液。期望的是该可与水混溶的溶剂化合物的碳原子不超过10个,带有极性基团,粘度不大于20cps。特别优选的是2-10个碳原子的有机、一-、二-或三-羟基化合物,它们可增强染料向龋区域的穿透以促进龋区域的清楚着色。
这些化合物的实例是乙醇,乙二醇,正丙醇,异丙醇,1,2-丙二醇,1,3-丙二醇,1,2-丁二醇,1,3-丁二醇,1,4-丁二醇,异丁醇,正戊醇,异戊醇,二甘醇,三甘醇,四甘醇,乙二醇一甲醚,乙二醇一乙醚,乙二醇一丁醚,乙二醇一乙酸酯,二甘醇一乙醚,二甘醇一丁醚,二甘醇一乙酸酯,三甘醇一甲醚,三甘醇一乙醚,丙三醇等。其中优选的是丙二醇和三甘醇,因为它们能产生良好的结果。
其他可用于本发明的有机溶剂包括四氢呋喃,二甲基甲酰胺,二甲亚砜,二恶烷,丙酮,二甲氧基乙烷。苯酚因为毒性太大,不能用于本发明。有机胺,尽管它们有良好的固定染料的性能,但对本发明也是不合适的,因为它们会发出可厌的气味,且它们对人体是有害的。烃也是不合适的,因为它们不能很好地溶解染料,且它们固定染料的能力大大低于水固定染料的能力。
正如上文中所提到的,这些有机溶剂可以与水结合使用,混合物中可以使用它们中的一种或多种。溶剂的混合比例可以根据溶剂的类型适当地决定。
本发明的组合物很容易制备。例如,将预定量的染料和预定量的杀微生物剂加入有机溶剂、蒸馏水或其混合物中,在室温或温和加热条件下搅拌并溶解它们。另一方面,也可将过量染料和过量杀微生物剂预先溶于有机溶剂、蒸馏水或其混合物中,再将有机溶剂、蒸馏水或它们的混合物加入所得溶液中,由此在使用前将其稀释到预期浓度。根据杀微生物剂和溶剂的结合,杀微生物剂可能难以溶解于溶剂中。在这种情况下,可以向该混合物中加入任何已知的常规表面活性剂以得到均匀的组合物。
为了将本发明的抗微生物的检龋组合物用于患者的染龋牙齿的洞中,将该组合物放入装备有细长喷嘴的容器中,并通过喷嘴将小量的组合物滴加到牙洞上。滴加1-10秒钟后,用水冲洗牙洞。通过这种简单操作,仅仅是第一脱钙层被组合物清楚地着色,而第二脱钙层和未感染的牙质几乎没有着色。结果,就可准确地检测出被生龋微生物感染的部分,同时,存在于感染区域中的细菌被杀死或灭活。
下述实施例将对本发明作进一步描述。
将可用于本发明中的各种类型的染料、抗微生物剂和有机溶剂在室温下混合并搅拌以制成如表1中所列的各种检龋组合物。将它们用于取自患者的染龋牙齿的断面上,测定它们的着色特异性和杀菌性。
测定着色特异性时,将每份样品用于染龋牙齿的断面上。约5秒钟后,用水冲洗用药区域并观察染龋部分是否能根据两部分之间的内部颜色和硬度的不同而与健康牙质部分清楚地区别开。从这些数据中,样品按照下述标准进行评价:
++:染龋部分清楚地着色。
+:染龋部分着色。
+-:染龋部分轻微着色。
-:染龋部分几乎未着色。
测定杀菌性时,将每份样品用于牙齿的染龋部分。10秒钟后,用水冲洗牙齿,用连接在空气涡轮上的碳硅棒将着色部分和比着色部分更深的部分磨碎。将所得粉状牙齿放入无病菌的BHI(脑心浸液)液体培养基中,然后用超声振动处理10分钟,在其中进行培养过夜。从所得培养物的光吸收中得到生龋细菌的生长。从所得到的数据,按照下述标准来评价样品:
++:细菌在着色的粉状牙齿中的生长受到抑制,在未着色的牙齿中没有细菌生长。
+-:细菌在着色的粉状牙齿中的生长受到抑制,但在未着色的牙齿中有细菌生长。
--:细菌在着色的粉状牙齿中的生长完全未受到抑制,在未着色的牙齿中有细菌生长。
表1
染料(1%) 溶剂 杀微生物剂(1%) 着色可微性   杀菌性
  实施例1 焰红BK 丙二醇 三氯森     ++   ++
  实施例2 酸性红 丙二醇 三氯森     ++   ++
  实施例3 坚牢酸性品红 乙二醇 三氯森     +   +-
  实施例4 焰红B 乙二醇 三氯森     +   +-
  实施例5 坚牢绿FCF 丙二醇 洗必泰*     +   +-
  实施例6 若丹明B 丙二醇 洗必泰*     ++   ++
  实施例7 若丹明B 三甘醇 洗必泰*     ++   ++
  实施例8 碱性品红 乙醇/水50/50 吡啶鎓盐**     ++   ++
  实施例9 曙红 1,3-己二醇/水=50/50 吡啶鎓盐**     ++   ++
  实施例10 酸性品红 乙二醇 吡啶鎓盐**     ++   ++
  实施例11 碱性品红 丙二醇 吡啶鎓盐**     ++   ++
  实施例12 碱性品红 丙二醇 MDPB***     ++   ++
  实施例13 碱性品红 丙二醇 APSM-16****     ++   ++
  对比例1 碱性品红 含水乙醇     ++   --
  对比例2 含水乙醇 氟甲氯苯脲     --   ++
  对比例3 丙二醇 三氯森     --   ++
*:乙酸洗必泰
**:盐酸十六烷基吡啶鎓
***:溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基十二烷基吡啶鎓
****:溴化甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基(4-N-十六烷基吡啶基甲基)琥珀酸酯

Claims (2)

1.一种抗微生物的检龋组合物,该组合物包含:
水和/或可与水混溶的溶剂;
一种能使牙齿的染龋部分着色的染料,该染料的浓度在重量百分比为0.1-2%的范围内;以及
至少一种选自下列成员的抗微生物剂:阳离子杀微生物剂、双胍型杀微生物剂和卤代二苯醚型杀微生物剂。
2.按照权利要求1的抗微生物检龋组合物,其中所述抗微生物剂是选自下列成员中的至少一种:三氯森、氟甲氯苯脲、洗必泰、和盐酸十六烷基吡啶鎓。
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