CN1212033A - 弹性、可透气、抗渗织物 - Google Patents

弹性、可透气、抗渗织物 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN1212033A
CN1212033A CN97192406A CN97192406A CN1212033A CN 1212033 A CN1212033 A CN 1212033A CN 97192406 A CN97192406 A CN 97192406A CN 97192406 A CN97192406 A CN 97192406A CN 1212033 A CN1212033 A CN 1212033A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
fabric
lining
polymer
personal
nonwoven
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN97192406A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN1144905C (zh
Inventor
S·E·肖维尔
L·W·科利尔四世
P·W·埃斯特
S·C·鲍尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=24411789&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CN1212033(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc filed Critical Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Publication of CN1212033A publication Critical patent/CN1212033A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1144905C publication Critical patent/CN1144905C/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51401Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
    • A61F13/51405Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material treated or coated, e.g. with moisture repellent agent
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/49Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers
    • A61F13/494Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means
    • A61F13/49406Absorbent articles specially adapted to be worn around the waist, e.g. diapers characterised by edge leakage prevention means the edge leakage prevention means being at the crotch region
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51113Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51456Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51456Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties
    • A61F13/51464Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its properties being stretchable or elastomeric
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/514Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51474Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure
    • A61F13/51478Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure being a laminate, e.g. multi-layered or with several layers
    • A61F13/5148Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure being a laminate, e.g. multi-layered or with several layers having an impervious inner layer and a cloth-like outer layer
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322Composite web or sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24446Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249962Void-containing component has a continuous matrix of fibers only [e.g., porous paper, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249964Fibers of defined composition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249978Voids specified as micro
    • Y10T428/24998Composite has more than two layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2484Coating or impregnation is water absorbency-increasing or hydrophilicity-increasing or hydrophilicity-imparting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/601Nonwoven fabric has an elastic quality
    • Y10T442/602Nonwoven fabric comprises an elastic strand or fiber material

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

提供的是一种全弹性、可透气、抗渗的织物,包含一个非织造纤维网层,其中该纤维网有至少4毫巴的水压头、小于68gsm的定量而且是从弹性聚烯烃制成的。如果该织物是一种层压品,则它可以是SMS、SBL或NBL层压品。这种织物特别适合于用作个人护理用品如尿布、失禁用品和妇女卫生用品的防侧漏挡片以及感染控制用品。该织物也可以用作个人护理用品的衬里。

Description

弹性、可透气、抗渗织物
发明背景
本发明涉及用于各种个人护理用品例如尿布、训练(婴儿便溺用)裤、成人失禁用品、妇女卫生用品和用来容纳体液的任何其它类型物品的非织造织物。更具体地说,个人护理用品一般包括用来保持所接纳的体液不从该物品中逸出和沾污穿戴者的服装或卧具的防侧漏挡片(containmentflaps)。个人护理用品通常还包含对着穿戴者皮肤的衬里,用来将皮肤上的体液转移到该用品的吸收层上。这些防侧漏挡片和衬里是所公开的发明的一种特别合适的用途。
为了使这种防侧漏物品高效率地发挥作用,织物必须有充分的抗渗性来执行其容纳体液的基本功能,但也必须是透气性的,从而不抑制皮肤舒适感。织物理想地应当是有弹性的,以使穿戴者的身体感到舒适和从因穿戴者的移动而伸展中回复,从而在整个这一段时间继续执行其作为抗渗层的功能。过去,防侧漏挡片一直是用能提供各种所希望功能的材料另行制作的。例如,使弹力线与非弹性材料掺合在一起,以提供必要的弹性。虽然这些解决透气性和弹性组分的抗渗性能的问题的尝试已经取得了部分成功,但仍需要一种材料,它有所需要的抗渗层和透气性而且是弹性的,即该材料的所有组成部分都是弹性的。另外,较好是,这种材料无需任何额外处理,就具有这些性能。
当用作衬里时,该织物对于皮肤必须有舒适感,而且还必须能让任何液体快速通过,进入下一个吸收层。由于该织物是一种抗渗性织物,所以当用作衬里时必须要求对该织物进行处理,以增加其润湿性,或者具有天然的亲水性。这种象润湿剂的局部处理在本技术中是众所周知的。
在感染控制用途上,例如在医用大褂中,为了产生一种更合身从而更舒适的大褂而在高伸展区域中没有多余织物,伸展性能和回复性能是重要的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种全弹性的、可透气的、抗渗的非织造织物,它可用于感染控制和个人护理用品,而且是一种把体液遏制在该物品内的舒适、有效手段。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种能让液体很快通过其本身的衬里材料。本发明的再一个目的是提供一种整体衬里和防侧漏挡片材料。
发明概要
本发明的目的是通过一种弹性的、可透气的、抗渗层织物来达到的,该织物包含非织造纤维网的一个网层,其中,该纤维网有至少4毫巴(mbar)的水压头,而且是弹性的。这种织物特别适合用作尿布、失禁用品和妇女卫生用品等个人护理用品的一种防侧漏挡片和/或衬里。
定义
这里使用的“非织造织物或纤维网”这一术语,系指一种有相互交织但不像针织织物中那样以一种可识别方式交织的个体纤维或线的结构的纤维网。非织造织物或纤维网已经从很多工艺例如熔喷工艺、纺粘工艺、粘合梳理纤维网工艺形成。非织造织物的定量(单位重量)通常用每平方码材料的盎司数(osy)或每平方米的克数(gsm)表示,而有用的纤维直径通常用微米表示。(注意,osy乘以33.91,即可从osy换算成gsm)。
这里使用的“微纤维”这一术语,系指平均直径不大于约75微米、例如平均直径为约0.5微米~约50微米的小直径纤维,或更具体地说,微纤维的平均直径可为约2微米~约40微米。另一种经常使用的纤维直径表示法是旦,这定义为一根纤维每9000米的克数,而且可以按纤维直径(微米)平方乘以密度(克/立方厘米)再乘以0.00707计算。旦数越低表明纤维越细,旦数越高表明纤维越粗或越重。例如,已知为15微米的聚丙烯纤维直径可以通过平方、将结果乘以0.89克/立方厘米再乘以0.00707而换算成旦。因此,15微米聚丙烯纤维的旦数为约1.42(152×0.89×0.00707=1.415)。在美国以外,测量单位更常见的是“特”(tex),其定义为每千米纤维的克数,可以按旦数/9来计算。
这里使用的“复合弹性材料”这一术语,系指一种可以是多组分材料或其中一层有弹性的多层材料的弹性材料。这类材料可以是诸如“拉伸粘合”层压品(SBL)和“颈粘合”层压品(NBL)。
通常,“拉伸粘合”系指一种弹性组分在该弹性组分延伸时与另一种组分粘合。“拉伸粘合层压品”或SBL系指一种有至少两层的复合材料,其中一层是可打褶裥层(gatherable layer),另一层是弹性层。这两层在该弹性层呈延伸状态时合在一起,使得在松弛时能将可打褶裥层打褶裥。这样的多层复合弹性材料可以拉伸到粘合位置之间打褶裥的非弹性材料能够伸长的程度。例如,Vander Wielen等人的美国专利4,720,415公开了多层复合弹性材料的一种类型,其全文列为本文参考文献,且其中使用了从一排挤出机产生的多层同种聚合物。其它复合弹性材料公开于美国专利4,789,699(Kieffer等人)、美国专利4,781,966(Taylor)、美国专利4,657,802和4,652,487(Morman)以及4,655,760和4,692,371(Morman等人)。
通常,“颈粘合”系指在非弹性组分伸展或颈缩时使弹性组分粘合到该非弹性组分上。“颈粘合层压品”或NBL系指一种有至少两层的复合材料,其中一层是颈缩的非弹性层而另一层是弹性层。这两层是在该非弹性层处于伸展状态时合在一起的。颈粘合层压品的实例是诸如Morman的美国专利5,226,992、4,981,747、4,965,122和5,336,545中描述的那些。
这里使用的“纺粘纤维”这一术语系指通过使熔融热缩性材料从喷丝板的多个细小、通常圆的毛细管挤出成为单丝然后使所挤出单丝的直径迅速缩小而形成的小直径纤维,例如,可参阅Appel等人的美国专利No.4,340,563,Dorschner等人的美国专利No.3,692,618,Matsuki等人的美国专利No.3,802,817,Kinnev的美国专利Nos.3,338,992和3,341,394,Hartman的美国专利No.3,502,763,Levy的美国专利3,502,538,和Dobo等人的美国专利No.3,542,615。纺粘纤维一般在它们沉积到收集表面上时是不粘的。纺粘纤维是微纤维,它们一般是连续的,且平均直径(样品规模为至少10个)大于7微米,更具体地说,是在约10微米与30微米之间。
这里使用的“熔喷法纤维”这一术语,系指通过使一种熔融热塑性材料经由多个细小、通常圆的模具毛细管挤出,成为熔融线或单丝,进入集束高速气体(如空气)流中,使熔融热塑性材料的单丝变细以缩小其直径,也许要缩小到微纤维直径这样形成的纤维。然后,这些熔喷法纤维由该高速气流携带并沉积在一个收集表面上,形成一种无规分配熔喷法纤维的纤维网。这样一种工艺公开于例如Buntin的美国专利No.3,849,241中。熔喷法纤维是微纤维,它们可以是连续的也可以是不连续的,平均直径一般小于10微米,而且当沉积到收集表面上时一般是粘的,但并不要求必须是粘的。
纺粘织物和熔喷法织物可以组合成“SMS层压品”,其中各层有的是纺粘的而有的是熔喷的,例如,Brock等人的美国专利No.4,041,203、Collier等人的美国专利No.5,169,706和Bornslaeger的美国专利No.4,374,888中公开的纺粘/熔喷/纺粘(SMS)层压品。这样的层压品可以通过在一条移动成形带上按顺序先沉积一层纺粘织物层、然后沉积一层熔喷法织物层、最后沉积另一层纺粘层、然后用以下所述的一种方式使该层压品粘结来制作。替而代之的是,这些织物层可以个别地制作,收集成卷,并在一个单独的粘结步骤中组合。这样的织物的定量通常为约0.1~12osy(6-400gsm),尤其是约0.75~约3osy。
这里使用的“聚合物”这一术语。一般包括但不限于均聚物,共聚物例如嵌段、接枝、无规和交替共聚,三元共聚物等,以及其共混物和改性物。此外,除非另有专门限制,否则“聚合物”这一术语要包括该材料的一切可能几何构型。这些构型包括但不限于全同立构、间同立构和无规对称。
这里使用的“共轭纤维”这一术语系指从各自独立的挤出机挤出的至少两种聚合物形成但纺在一起而形成一种纤维的纤维。共轭纤维有时也称为多组分或双组分纤维。这些聚合物通常是彼此不同的,尽管共轭纤维可以是单组分纤维。这些聚合物在该共轭纤维的横截面上排布于有基本上恒定位置的独特区域中,而且沿该共轭纤维的长度连续延伸。这样一种共轭纤维的构型可以是,例如,皮芯排布,其中一种聚合物被另一种聚合物所包围,也可以是并列排布、馅饼式(pie)排布或“天星状”排布。共轭纤维公开于Kaneko等人的美国专利No.5,108,820、Strack等人的美国专利5,336,552和Pike等人的美国专利5,382,400中。对于双组分纤维来说,这些聚合物可以以75/25、50/50、25/75的比例或任何其它所希望的比例存在。
这里使用的“双组分纤维”这一术语,系指从同一台挤出机挤出而成为一种掺合物的至少两种聚合物形成的纤维。双组分纤维没有把不同聚合物组分排布于横跨该纤维横截面上相对恒定位置的独特区域中,而且这些不同聚合物在该纤维的整个长度上通常不是连续的,而是通常形成起止无规的原纤维或原生原纤(原微纤)。双组分纤维有时也称为多组分纤维。这种通用类型的纤维在诸如Gessner的美国专利5,108,827中有讨论。双组分和双组分纤维的讨论也可参阅教科书Polymer Blends andComposites(聚合物掺合物和复合材料),John A.Manson和Leslie H.Sperling著,1976年版权,Plenum出版社(纽约Plenum出版公司的一个分部)出版,IBSN 0-306-30831-2,第273~277页。
这里使用的“机器方向”或MD这一术语,系指一种织物在其被生产时的方向上的长度。“正交机器方向”或CD这一术语,系指织物的宽度,即总体上垂直于MD的方向。
这里使用的“单组分”纤维这一术语,系指只用一种聚合物从一台或多台挤出机形成的一种纤维。这并不意味着排除从一种为了着色、抗静电性能、润滑、亲水性等而向其中添加了少量添加剂的聚合物形成的纤维。这些添加剂,例如着色用二氧化钛,一般是以小于5%(重量)、更典型的是约2%(重量)的数量存在的。
这里使用的穿透空气(透气)粘合或“TAB”是指非织造双组分纤维的一种粘合工艺,其中热度足以使制造纤维网的纤维的两种聚合物中的一种熔融的热空气被强制通过该纤维网。空气速度在100-500英尺/分钟之间,停留时间可以长达6秒。聚合物的熔融和再固化就提供了这种粘合作用。穿透空气粘合限制了可变性,因而一般被认为是一种第二步骤的粘合工艺。由于TAB需要使至少一个组分熔融,才能完成粘合,所以这种粘合工艺只限用于含有两个组分的纤维网,如双组分纤维网。
这里使用的“缝编”是指,例如按照Strack等人的美国专利4,891,957或Carey,Jr.的美国专利4,631,933所述的材料的缝合。
这里使用的“超声粘合”系指一种诸如借助于像Bornslaeger的美国专利4,374,888中所说明的那样让织物通过超声头与砧辊之间来执行的工艺。
这里使用的“热点粘合”包括使一种要粘合的织物或纤维网从一个热轧光辊与一个砧辊之间通过。该轧光辊通常(尽管并非总是)刻有某种图案,从而使整个织物不会在其整个表面上粘合。结果,为了功能上以及美学上的理由,已经开发了各种轧光辊图案。图案的一个实例有许多点,而且是像Hansen和Pennings的美国专利3,855,046中公开的那种HansenPennings或“H&P”图案,有约30%粘合面积且约200个粘合点/平方英寸。这种H&P图案有方点或针粘合区,其中每针的边长为0.038英寸(0.965mm),针与针之间的间隔为0.070英寸(1.778mm),粘合深度为0.023英寸(0.584mm)。所形成图案的粘合区约占29.5%。另一种典型的点粘合图案是扩大的Hansen和Pennings或“EHP”粘合图案,它产生15%粘合面积,方针的边长为0.037英寸(0.94mm),针间距为0.097英寸(2.464mm),深度为0.039英寸(0.991mm)。另一种取名为“714”的典型点粘合图案有方针粘合区,其中每针的边长为0.023英寸,针间距为0.062英寸(1.575mm),且粘合深度为0.033英寸(0.838mm)。所形成图案的粘合区约占15%。还有另一种常见图案是C-星形图案,其粘合面积约占16.9%。C-星形图案有交叉方向条纹或被流星打断的“灯芯绒”设计。其它常见图案包括一种有重复和稍微偏斜菱形的菱形图案,和一种金属丝编织图案,顾名思义,看上去就像窗纱一样。典型地说,粘合面积百分率从织物层压品纤维网面积的约10%到约30%不等。如同技术上众所周知的,这种点粘合能把层压品各层固定在一起,也能通过粘合每层内的单丝和/或纤维而赋予每一层以完整性。
这里使用的“个人护理用品”这一术语,系指尿布、训练(婴幼儿便溺用)裤、吸收性衬裤、成人失禁用品和妇女卫生用品。
这里使用的“感染控制用品”这一术语,系指面向医疗的物品,例如外科手术用大褂和布帘、面罩、头盖如向外鼓起的帽子、外科手术帽和头罩,脚上穿戴用品如鞋盖、靴盖和拖鞋,伤口包扎用品、绷带、灭菌包、抹布、服装如实验室外衣、罩衣、围裙和夹克,患者床上用品,担架和小孩睡床盖单等。
测试方法
水压头(Hydrohead):织物的液体抗渗性能的一种量度是水压头测试。水压头测试测定该织物在预定量液体透过之前能抵御的水压(毫巴)。水压头读数越高的织物表明它对液体渗透的抗性大于水压头较低的织物。水压头测试是按照联邦测试标准No.191A方法5514进行的。
本发明的详细说明
热塑性聚合物可用于生产个人护理用品、感染控制用品、服装、防护性覆盖物等各种各样产品中使用的薄膜、纤维和纤维网。在很多应用中,理想的是,该薄膜、纤维或纤维网是有弹性的,从而用该薄膜、纤维或纤维网制成的产品能顺应某一客体,或从而它可以伸展到某种程度而不破裂。
弹性材料的特定用途是在个人护理用品领域,如妇女卫生用品、失禁用品、尿布和训练(婴幼儿便溺用)裤,以及感染控制用品领域。更具体地说,在个人护理用品范围内,需要一种令人高度舒适、起阻挡作用、也能紧贴身体的体液防渗材料。这样一种用途的具体实例是尿布的防侧漏挡片和外衣材料。也希望的是,这样的织物可用作要求能快速通过体液的个人护理用品的衬里。在这种用途中,可能需要进行一些增加织物亲水性的处理。
尿布防侧漏挡片目前是用,例如,其上附有LYCRA弹性材料股线的无弹性非织造材料制作的。这种材料虽然能起到作用,但其缺点在于这种材料会在儿童腿上留下红色斑痕,因为这种弹性线材只在少数几个部位设置,而且这些线材是高度绷紧的。这种LYCRA弹性线材是基于纺粘织物的。
可用于个人护理用品的另一种弹性材料是用聚氨酯弹性体制成的纺粘或熔喷产品。这种材料可从Kanebo公司得到。
另一种弹性材料是一种共聚醚酯熔喷材料,可从得克萨斯州,达拉市的Kimberly-Clark公司得到,其商品名为DEMIQUE。DEMIQUE弹性织物是用一种称为ARNITEL的聚合物制成的,以前可购自荷兰,Arnhem市的AkzoPastics公司,现在可购自荷兰,Sittard市的DSM公司。DEMIQUE弹性织物的手感差,触摸时有点橡胶状的手感。
可用于个人护理用品中的又另一种材料是用一种可从得克萨斯州,休斯敦市的壳牌化学公司以商品名KRATON购得的嵌段共聚物弹性体制成的一种熔喷织物。这种弹性非织造纤维网是从,例如,弹性(聚苯乙烯/聚(乙烯-丁烯)/聚苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物。KRATON嵌段共聚物可按几种不同配方得到,其中许多可在美国专利4,663,220和5,304,599查到,这两篇专利文献收入本文,作为参考。与DEMIQUE织物一样,KRATON织物具有相当差的橡胶状手感,这就使得这种织物对于必须与皮肤接触的用品来说显得有些不理想,因此,只好与各侧上的面料一起使用。
现已发现,传统弹性熔喷织物单独用作防侧漏挡片时,其抗渗性是不够的。
在个人护理用品中用作,例如,防侧漏挡片的成功性材料必须具有良好的抗渗性、透气性,而且理想地是全弹性的,同时,较好是没有令人不愉快的触感(如橡胶状触感)。由具有这些性能的材料制成的防侧漏挡片是本发明的主题。
织物的抗渗性可以用水压头试验测定。这种试验确定该织物在预定量液体通过之前能抵御的水压(毫巴)。水压头读数越高的织物表明它比水压头低的织物有更大的液体渗透抗性。一种材料的水压头数值将受到这样一些因素影响,如纤维的纤度,纤维越细产生能透过液体的孔就越小,和纤维的疏水性。例如,在用作个人护理用品中的防侧漏挡片时,材料的水压头数值必须高得足以防止液体透过该织物并漏出。本发明者认为,在防侧漏挡片应用的场合,需要有至少4毫巴水压头值的材料,此值尽管不算太高,但在多数情况下是足够的。
本发明的织物可以做成一种防侧漏挡片,并与目前的防侧漏挡片的传统作法一样,贴附在个人护理用品衬里上。另一种作法是,本发明的材料可以制成个人护理用品的整体衬里和防侧漏挡片,从而避免了将分立挡片粘合到衬里上的步骤。本具体实施方案的衬里部分可以包括旨在增加亲水性的处理步骤。这个优点是经济的,避免了一个制造步骤,而且由于避免了制品中的接缝,也应该能改善其舒适性。
对于本发明的材料来说,当用作防侧漏挡片时,无需对其进行任何处理。但是,个人护理用品的衬里则通常要以某些方式,在一定的区域进行局部处理,以增加一些特殊性能。衬里可以通过局部处理来增加某些区域的润湿性,以便提高液体通过衬里到达下面的吸收材料的速率。这种处理所用的化学品,如润湿剂在本技术中是众所周知的,且包括TritonX-102。衬里材料也可以通过用某种方法进行穿孔或打眼来增加透气性。经过处理和/或穿孔的衬里、防侧漏挡片以及整体的防侧漏挡片和衬里都应属于本发明的范围内。
较好的是,将本发明的织物作为单层织物单独使用。但是,对于某些用途而言,将本发明的织物与其它织物复合成一种NBL、SBL或者SMS结构,也许是较理想的。这样的一些结构也应属于本发明的范围内。
弹性是防侧漏挡片等用途中的一个关键性能,因为该织物将与皮肤接触而且必须能随正常穿戴者的活动(或甚至随通常两岁儿童的活动)而弯曲和伸展,同时保持其它性能而不产生“红色斑痕”。非弹性织物在这种使用中伸展时不能回复,并且下垂,因此在防止外漏方面几乎或根本没有用。有只用少数几根筋提供的弹性的织物会导致红色斑痕,因而也不太理想。全弹性织物能贴紧穿戴者的身体而不会产生红色斑痕和空隙或中垂。
以上讨论的三个最关键性需要方面(抗渗性、透气性、弹性)是用本发明的织物满足的,同时,当与诸如Kraton和Demique织物比较时,本发明也提供比较令人愉快的手感。本发明的织物提供4毫巴以上的水压头、具有弹性,而最重要的是可以用作防侧漏挡片,而无需任何附在其上用于支撑或其它功能的其它材料层。
高弹体聚合物过去已经用于这样的用途,但有时限于如以上提到的它们的固有特性(如橡胶样手感,抗渗性能不良)。最近,这些材料又增加了一类新聚合物,这类聚合物当制成织物时有优异的抗渗性、透气性、弹性和令人愉快的手感。这类新聚合物称为“茂金属”聚合物,或是按照茂金属工艺生产的。
茂金属工艺一般使用茂金属催化剂,后者是用一种助催化剂活化即离子化的。茂金属催化剂包括二氯化二(正丁基环戊二烯基)钛、二氯化二(正丁基环戊二烯基)锆、氯化二(环戊二烯基)钪、二氯化二(茚基)锆、二氯化二(甲基环戊二烯基)钛、二氯化二(甲基环戊二烯基)锆、二茂钴、三氯化环戊二烯基钛、二茂铁、二氯化二茂铪、二氯化异丙基(环戊二烯基-1-芴基)锆、二氯化二茂钼、二茂镍、二氯化二茂铌、二茂钌、二氯化二茂钛、氢·氯化二茂锆、二氯化二茂锆,及其它。一份更详尽的此类化合物清单包含在Rosen等人发明并受让给道化学公司的美国专利5,374,696中。这样的化合物在Stevens等人发明而且也转让给道化学公司的美国专利5,064,802中也有讨论。
茂金属工艺,以及尤其是催化剂和催化剂载体系统,是许多专利的主题。Kaminsky等人的美国专利4,542,199描述了一种程序,其中,向甲苯中添加甲基铝烷(MAO),再添加通式(环戊二烯基)2MeRHdl的茂金属催化剂,式中Me是一种过渡金属、Hal是一种卤素、R是环戊二烯基或C1~C6烷基或卤素,然后添加乙烯,以期生成聚乙烯。LaPointe等人发明并转让给道化学公司的美国专利5,189,192描述了一种通过金属中心氧化制备加成聚合催化剂的工艺。埃克森(Exxon)化学专利公司的美国专利5,352,749描述了一种在流态床中使单体聚合的方法。美国专利5,349,100描述了手性茂金属化合物及其通过对映体选择性氢化物转移来创造一个手性中心进行的制备。
助催化剂是这样一些材料,如最常用的甲基铝烷(MAO),其它烷基铝和含硼化合物,像三(五氟苯基)硼、四(五氟苯基)硼锂、和四(五氟苯基)硼-N,N-二甲基苯铵。关于其它助催化剂系统或者因操作和产品沾污问题而最大限度减少或甚至消除烷基铝的可能性的研究还在继续。重要的一点是,茂金属催化剂要活化或离子化成一种阳离子形式才能与要聚合的单体反应。
利用茂金属催化剂生产的聚合物有分子量范围非常狭窄的独特优势。小于4、甚至小于2的多分散性数值(Mw/Mn)对于茂金属生产的聚合物来说是可能的。这些聚合物,当与其它方面类似的齐格勒-纳塔生产的类型聚合物比较时,有狭窄的短链枝化分布。
利用茂金属催化剂系统,当采用立体选择性茂金属催化剂时,也有可能十分密切地控制该聚合物的全同立构性。事实上,已经生产出有超过99%的全国立构性的聚合物。利用这种系统,也有可能生产高度间同立构的聚丙烯。
聚合物全同立构性的控制也能导致产生一种在聚合链长度上交替含有全同立构材料嵌段和无规立构材料嵌段的聚合物。这种构造借助于无规立构部分产生一种弹性聚合物。这样的聚合物合成在Science(科学)杂志第267卷(1995年1月13日)第191页上K.B.Wagner的一篇文章中有讨论。Wagner在讨论Coates和Waymouth的工作时解释说,催化剂在各立体化学形式之振荡,导致一种有全同立构立体中心运转周期与无规立构中心运转周期相连接的聚合物链。全同立构优势度降低而产生弹性。Geoffrey W.Coates和Robert M.Waymouth,在该杂志同一期第217页上一篇题为“振荡式立体控制:热塑性高弹体聚丙烯的合成战略”的文章中,讨论了他们的工作,其中他们使用了二氯化二(2-苯基茚基)锆这种茂金属化合物,在甲基铝烷(MAO)的存在下,和通过改变反应器中的压力和温度,使聚合物形式在全同立构与无规立构之间振荡。
茂金属聚合物的商业性生产是有点儿受限制的,但仍在增长。这样的聚合物可以在聚丙烯基聚合物的商品名EXXPOL下和在聚乙烯基聚合物的商品名EXACT下购自美国得克萨斯州贝敦市埃克森(Exxon)化学公司。密歇根州米德兰市道化学公司也有在商品名ENGAGE下进行商业性销售的聚合物。这些材料相信是用非立体选择性茂金属催化剂生产的。埃克森公司一般将其茂金属催化剂技术称为“单一部位”催化剂,而道公司则在INSITE这一名称下称其为“受限几何学”催化剂,以使其区别于有多个反应部位的传统齐格勒-纳塔催化剂。其它制造商如FinaOil、BASF、Amoco、Hoechst和Mobil等公司也活跃于这个领域,相信在今后十年中按照这种技术生产的聚合物的可得性将有实质性增长。在本发明的实施中,像聚丙烯和聚乙烯这样的弹性聚烯烃是较好的,最好的是弹性聚丙烯。
关于茂金属基高弹体聚合物,Kaminsky等人的美国专利5,204,429描述了一种工艺,该工艺可利用一种本身是甾族刚性(sterorigid)手性茂金属类过渡金属化合物和铝烷的催化剂从环状链烯烃和线型链烯烃产生弹性共聚物。该聚合是在一种惰性溶剂例如一种脂族或环脂族烃如甲苯中进行的。该反应也可以利用要聚合的单体作为溶剂而在气相中进行。均为Lai等人发明、转让给道化学公司且题为“弹性的、实质上线型的链烯烃聚合物”的美国专利5,278,272和5,272,236描述了有特殊弹性性能的聚合物。
为了测定材料的抗渗性能,对一系列材料的样品进行了测试。下面说明这些材料,测试结果列于表1。应当注意的是,发明者们认为这些实例只是在其发明的实施范围内。
对比1-该织物是用ARNITEL聚合物制成的一种熔喷DEMIQUE弹性体材料。该织物的定量(单位重量)为35gsm(克/米2),其纤维平均直经小于10微米。
对比2-该织物是从Kanebo公司得到的一种熔喷弹性聚氨酯织物,该织物的定量为54gsm,其纤维平均直径小于10微米。
对比3-该织物是用KRATON聚合物制成的一种熔喷弹性织物。这种弹性材料是苯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯/苯乙烯的共聚物(SEPS),按照ASTM标准,1238-90b试验,在230℃和2160克载荷条件下测得的熔体流动速率为16克/10分钟,颗粒等级数牌号是KRATONG-2755。该织物的定量为34gsm。
对比4-该织物是一种纺粘/溶喷/纺粘层压品(SMS)织物,商业上在Kimberly-Clark公司销售的Huggies一次性尿布中用作防测漏挡片。这种材料有一层聚丙烯聚合物制成的纺粘层,通过加热方式点粘结到聚丙烯熔喷层上。纺粘层和熔喷层的定量之比在约1∶1-1∶4之间。
实例1-该织物是用得自Midland MI的道化学公司的商标为ENGAGE的弹性聚合物制成的一种溶喷弹性织物。该织物的定量为1 osy(盎司/平方码)(34gsm)。该材料是一种聚乙烯共聚物,按照ASTM试验1238-90b在190℃和2160g载荷条件下测得的熔体流动指数为30克/10分钟、喷丝板孔尺寸为每英寸14万5千孔,在成形网上方8英寸(20cm)高度处聚合物的通过量为0.52磅/英寸/小时(PIH)。该纤维是在熔体温度为420°F(215℃)、每英寸9万个气隙以及每英寸12万5千-15万个凹槽构型的条件下纺制的。初级空气压力为0.9psig(磅/平方英寸),初级空气温度为567°F(297℃)。
实例2-该织物是用称为EXACT4014的得克萨斯州休斯敦的埃克森(Exxon)公司的聚乙烯聚合物制成的一种熔喷弹性织物。该织物的定量为1 osy(34gsm)。喷丝板孔尺寸为每英寸14万5千孔,在成形网上方9英寸(23cm)高度处聚合物的通过量为0.56磅/英寸/小时(PIH)。该纤维是在溶体温度为480°F(249℃)、每英寸9万个气隙以及每英寸12万5千-15万个凹槽构型的条件下纺制的。初级空气压力为0.9psig,初级空气温度为510°F(266℃)。
        表1
    水压头(毫巴)
对比1*    辨别不出
对比2*    辨别不出
对比3*    辨别不出
对比4*    33.6
实例1*    5.2
实例2*    7.2
*5个读数的平均值
**3个读数的平均值。另外2个读数辨别不出。
注意,尽管本发明人认为实例2的织物片由于制造问题而存在缺陷,但仍然对这片织物进行了测试,且有5个不可辨别的读数。
表1的结果说明本发明的材料具有抗渗性能。织物也是有弹性的。此外,该织物触摸时没有橡胶状的手感,而且实际上比大多数其它无覆盖的弹性织物,即无面料的织物具有更象布料的手感。这一点是独具风格的,因为大多数具有这种水平的可粘合性和拉伸性的弹性织物都倾向于具有橡胶状或发粘的表面手感。本发明的材料具有柔软性、舒适性、无橡胶状而类似纺织品的手感和外观。
也已经发现,本发明的织物提供了粗略考察时不容易看出来的许多其它优点。具体地说,本发明的材料已被发现,对聚烯烃有良好的可粘合性。而且由于抗渗性和透气性是如此良好,以致该材料可以做得比竞争性弹性材料还薄,还能保持与竞争性材料几乎相同的性能,导致减少处置质量。对于像用于个人护理用品这样的材料来说,可粘合性十分重要,因为向成品的转化要求该织物以某种方式粘合到该物品的其它部分。很多材料,当用于个人护理用品时,例如,必须以粘合方式连接到该物品上。本发明的织物,当它是一种聚烯烃,例如用来制作大多数个人护理用品的链烯烃类聚合物非织造非弹性材料时,可以通过加热粘合到该物品的其余部分。像点粘合和透气粘合这样的粘合方法,当与缝编或粘合剂粘合比较时,是更简单得多、更无需保养的生产方法。
薄度和轻量化是个人护理用品的两个关键属性,因为它们是与身体紧密接触的。本发明的织物与竞争性材料,如SMS织物相比,可以做得更薄、更轻,因为它可以只包含一个熔喷层。这一点的额外回报在于,由于每件个人护理产品中使用较少的材料,因而消费者的成本可以较低,而且无论在经济方面还是环境方面,本发明织物的处置费用均低于竞争性织物。
因此,已经表明,本发明的高度舒适、可透气、抗渗的弹性材料提供不同于且优于当前竞争性材料的综合属性。本发明的织物,当所有各层都是聚烯烃时,对个人护理用品中使用的其它聚合物也有优异的可粘合性,而且可以做得比竞争性产品更薄和更轻量。尤其重要的是,该织物与竞争性产品相比,具有改善的柔软性和舒适性,因为它只需要一个单层。
尽管以上只详细描述了本发明的少数几个例示性实施方案,但本门技术的熟练人员将很容易了解,在没有实质上背离本发明的新颖公开内容和优点的情况下,可以对这些例示性实施方案做很多改动。因此,所有这样的改动都有意包括在以下权利要求书中所定义的本发明的范围内。在这些权利要求中,手段加功能权利要求有意覆盖本文中描述为执行所提到功能的结构,不仅覆盖结构性等效物,而且也覆盖等效结构。因此,尽管钉子和螺钉可能不是结构性等效物,因为钉子采用圆柱形表面把木质部件固定在一起,而螺丝则采用螺旋表面,但在使木质部件紧固的环境中,钉子和螺丝可以是等效结构。

Claims (12)

1.一种个人护理用品织物,其中包含一个非织造纤网,其水压头至少为4毫巴,定量(单位重量)小于68gsm(g/m2),而且是由一种弹性聚烯烃制成的。
2.一种防侧漏挡片,其中包含有权利要求1所述的织物。
3.一种衬里,其中包含权利要求1所述的织物。
4.权利要求3的织物,其中所述衬里在某些区域进行了润湿性处理。
5.权利要求1的个人护理织物,其中包含一层整体衬里和防侧漏挡片。
6.权利要求1的个人护理织物,其中进一步包含至少一个粘合到所述织物上的另外的非织造层。
7.权利要求6的织物,其中所述各层中至少有一层在粘合时进行了拉伸。
8.权利要求7的织物,其中所述非织造纤维网是由纺粘织物构成的,所述挡片是经拉伸并粘合到所述纺粘织物上的,而所述纺粘织物是未经拉伸的。
9.权利要求7的织物,其中所述非织造纤维网是由纺粘织物构成的,而且是经拉伸粘合到所述挡片上的,而所述挡片是未经拉伸的。
10.一种个人护理用品的衬里,其中包含一层由平均直径小于10微米的纤维构成的非织造纤维网层,所述纤维网的水压头至少为4毫巴,定量小于68gsm,而且是由一种弹性聚烯烃制成的,并用一种局部润湿剂进行过处理。
11.权利要求10的衬里,其中所述衬里经过穿孔。
12.权利要求10的衬里,其中所述局部润湿剂施涂于某些区域。
CNB971924066A 1996-02-20 1997-02-04 弹性、可透气、抗渗织物 Expired - Lifetime CN1144905C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/602,548 1996-02-20
US08/602,548 US5695849A (en) 1996-02-20 1996-02-20 Elastic, breathable, barrier fabric

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1212033A true CN1212033A (zh) 1999-03-24
CN1144905C CN1144905C (zh) 2004-04-07

Family

ID=24411789

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CNB971924066A Expired - Lifetime CN1144905C (zh) 1996-02-20 1997-02-04 弹性、可透气、抗渗织物

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US5695849A (zh)
EP (1) EP0882148B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR100403252B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1144905C (zh)
AR (1) AR005786A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU708248B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9707434A (zh)
CA (1) CA2242603C (zh)
CO (1) CO4600603A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69728652T2 (zh)
ID (1) ID16019A (zh)
PL (1) PL184644B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2188039C2 (zh)
TR (1) TR199801622T2 (zh)
TW (1) TW350770B (zh)
WO (1) WO1997030202A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA971268B (zh)

Families Citing this family (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0956192A4 (en) * 1996-12-06 2002-06-05 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville Inc NON-WOVEN SAIL LAMINATE WITH A RELATIVELY HYDROPHILIC AREA AND CORRESPONDING MANUFACTURING METHODS
US5883026A (en) * 1997-02-27 1999-03-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Face masks including a spunbonded/meltblown/spunbonded laminate
US6383431B1 (en) 1997-04-04 2002-05-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of modifying a nonwoven fibrous web for use as component of a disposable absorbent article
AU738867B2 (en) * 1997-05-22 2001-09-27 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Composite fabric for coverstock having separate liquid pervious and impervious regions
CA2299274A1 (en) * 1997-08-29 1999-03-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Meltblown nonwoven web and process for making the same
US6096668A (en) * 1997-09-15 2000-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastic film laminates
JP3751143B2 (ja) * 1998-02-24 2006-03-01 ユニ・チャーム株式会社 トレーニングパンツ
TW438673B (en) 1998-05-01 2001-06-07 Dow Chemical Co Method of making a breathable, barrier meltblown nonwoven
WO1999056588A2 (en) * 1998-05-07 1999-11-11 National Allergy Supply Inc. An improved fabric for bedding products and upholstered furniture
US6649548B1 (en) 1998-10-02 2003-11-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Nonwoven web and film laminate with improved strength and method of making the same
US6387471B1 (en) 1999-03-31 2002-05-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Creep resistant composite elastic material with improved aesthetics, dimensional stability and inherent latency and method of producing same
US6547915B2 (en) 1999-04-15 2003-04-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Creep resistant composite elastic material with improved aesthetics, dimensional stability and inherent latency and method of producing same
US6682514B1 (en) 1999-06-30 2004-01-27 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. Efficient zoned elastic laminate
US8182457B2 (en) 2000-05-15 2012-05-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Garment having an apparent elastic band
US6833179B2 (en) 2000-05-15 2004-12-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Targeted elastic laminate having zones of different basis weights
WO2002059414A2 (en) * 2001-01-25 2002-08-01 Outlast Technologies, Inc. Coated articles having enhanced reversible thermal properties and exhibiting improved flexibility, softness, air permeability, or water vapor transport properties
US8206366B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2012-06-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Convertible diaper/pant with ease of application
US7473818B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2009-01-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Product seal of dissimilar materials
US6911024B2 (en) * 2001-05-21 2005-06-28 Sca Hygiene Products Ab Absorbent article
SE519066C2 (sv) * 2001-05-21 2003-01-07 Sca Hygiene Prod Ab Absorberande alster försett med bälte innefattande förstyvande element
US6799331B2 (en) 2001-11-19 2004-10-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surgical gown with limited discrete sections of elastomeric materials
AU2003227036A1 (en) * 2002-03-11 2003-09-22 Fibertex A/S Non-woven material with elastic properties
US7316842B2 (en) 2002-07-02 2008-01-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High-viscosity elastomeric adhesive composition
US20040116028A1 (en) * 2002-09-17 2004-06-17 Bryner Michael Allen Extremely high liquid barrier fabrics
US6671884B1 (en) 2002-11-01 2004-01-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for defining areas of a protective garment subjected to stretching forces when worn by wearer
US7736350B2 (en) 2002-12-30 2010-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with improved containment flaps
US20040127868A1 (en) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with improved leak guards
US8487156B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2013-07-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Hygiene articles containing nanofibers
US8395016B2 (en) 2003-06-30 2013-03-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Articles containing nanofibers produced from low melt flow rate polymers
US20050124961A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide,Inc. Absorbent article with elastomeric bordered extensible material bodyside liner and method of making
US20050124948A1 (en) * 2003-12-08 2005-06-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent article with elastomeric bordered necked material bodyside liner and method of making
US7013488B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2006-03-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Surgical gown with a panel section of elastomeric barrier material
US7402537B1 (en) 2003-12-17 2008-07-22 Creative Foam Corporation Air permeable, water repellent, acoustic door watershield
US7601657B2 (en) 2003-12-31 2009-10-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single sided stretch bonded laminates, and methods of making same
ATE500366T1 (de) * 2004-04-19 2011-03-15 Procter & Gamble Gegenstände mit nanofasern als barrieren
PL1740748T3 (pl) 2004-04-19 2013-12-31 Procter & Gamble Włókna, włókniny i artykuły zawierające nanowłókna produkowane z polimerów o szerokim rozkładzie mas cząsteczkowych
US20060141885A1 (en) * 2004-12-23 2006-06-29 Cobbs Susan K Apertured spunbond/spunblown composites
US8235963B2 (en) 2006-06-07 2012-08-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring systems
US20070287983A1 (en) 2006-06-07 2007-12-13 Richard Worthington Lodge Absorbent article having an anchored core assembly
US10863783B2 (en) 2007-04-16 2020-12-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Protective apparel with angled stretch panel
US8945079B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2015-02-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US9056031B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2015-06-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US8790325B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2014-07-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US9060900B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2015-06-23 The Proctor & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US8858523B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2014-10-14 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US8597268B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2013-12-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
US8668679B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2014-03-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Disposable wearable absorbent articles with anchoring subsystems
AU2009206370B2 (en) 2008-01-24 2012-10-04 The Procter & Gamble Company Extrusion bonded laminates for absorbent articles
PL2106776T3 (pl) * 2008-03-31 2012-05-31 Nordenia Tech Gmbh Elastyczny materiał kompozytowy
US7968479B2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-06-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastic multilayer composite including pattern unbonded elastic materials, articles containing same, and methods of making same
US10161063B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2018-12-25 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefin-based elastic meltblown fabrics
US8664129B2 (en) 2008-11-14 2014-03-04 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Extensible nonwoven facing layer for elastic multilayer fabrics
US9168718B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2015-10-27 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Method for producing temperature resistant nonwovens
US9498932B2 (en) 2008-09-30 2016-11-22 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multi-layered meltblown composite and methods for making same
JP5650138B2 (ja) 2009-02-27 2015-01-07 エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク 多層不織in situラミネートおよびその製造方法
KR101651675B1 (ko) 2009-10-30 2016-08-29 유한킴벌리 주식회사 환형의 흡수부재를 구비하는 흡수제품
US8668975B2 (en) 2009-11-24 2014-03-11 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Fabric with discrete elastic and plastic regions and method for making same
WO2012075247A1 (en) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having improved bonding
US8986273B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2015-03-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent personal care article having intermeshing flaps
US9993374B2 (en) 2011-11-10 2018-06-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Absorbent personal care article having intermeshing flaps
CN104379099B (zh) 2012-04-25 2018-01-26 金伯利-克拉克环球有限公司 在分立分部中具有纵取向层的吸收性个人护理物品
AU2012396080B2 (en) 2012-12-04 2017-09-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. An absorbent article with a multi-layered topsheet
US9173782B2 (en) 2013-03-28 2015-11-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Coordinated apertured and embossed topsheet layer materials, and absorbent articles containing such

Family Cites Families (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3338992A (en) * 1959-12-15 1967-08-29 Du Pont Process for forming non-woven filamentary structures from fiber-forming synthetic organic polymers
US3502763A (en) * 1962-02-03 1970-03-24 Freudenberg Carl Kg Process of producing non-woven fabric fleece
US3502538A (en) * 1964-08-17 1970-03-24 Du Pont Bonded nonwoven sheets with a defined distribution of bond strengths
US3341394A (en) * 1966-12-21 1967-09-12 Du Pont Sheets of randomly distributed continuous filaments
US3542615A (en) * 1967-06-16 1970-11-24 Monsanto Co Process for producing a nylon non-woven fabric
US3849241A (en) * 1968-12-23 1974-11-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Non-woven mats by melt blowing
DE2048006B2 (de) * 1969-10-01 1980-10-30 Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer breiten Vliesbahn
DE1950669C3 (de) * 1969-10-08 1982-05-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Vliesherstellung
CA948388A (en) * 1970-02-27 1974-06-04 Paul B. Hansen Pattern bonded continuous filament web
GB1453447A (en) * 1972-09-06 1976-10-20 Kimberly Clark Co Nonwoven thermoplastic fabric
US4340563A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-07-20 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method for forming nonwoven webs
US4333979A (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-06-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Soft, bulky, lightweight nonwoven web and method of producing; the web has both fused spot bonds and patterned embossments
DE3127133A1 (de) * 1981-07-09 1983-01-27 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herstellung von polyolefinen und deren copolymerisaten
US4374888A (en) * 1981-09-25 1983-02-22 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven laminate for recreation fabric
CA1341430C (en) * 1984-07-02 2003-06-03 Kenneth Maynard Enloe Diapers with elasticized side pockets
US5415644A (en) * 1984-07-02 1995-05-16 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Diapers with elasticized side pockets
US4846823A (en) * 1984-07-02 1989-07-11 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Diapers with elasticized side pockets
US4631933A (en) * 1984-10-12 1986-12-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Stitch-bonded thermal insulating fabrics
US4663220A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-05-05 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Polyolefin-containing extrudable compositions and methods for their formation into elastomeric products including microfibers
US4657802A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-04-14 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Composite nonwoven elastic web
US4692371A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation High temperature method of making elastomeric materials and materials obtained thereby
US4720415A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-01-19 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Composite elastomeric material and process for making the same
US4652487A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-03-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Gathered fibrous nonwoven elastic web
US4655760A (en) * 1985-07-30 1987-04-07 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Elasticized garment and method of making the same
US4710187A (en) * 1985-09-06 1987-12-01 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Form-fitting self-adjusting disposable garment with a stretchable bodyside liner
US4741941A (en) * 1985-11-04 1988-05-03 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven web with projections
US4781966A (en) * 1986-10-15 1988-11-01 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Spunlaced polyester-meltblown polyetherester laminate
US4692368A (en) * 1986-10-15 1987-09-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Elastic spunlaced polyester-meltblown polyetherurethane laminate
US4789699A (en) * 1986-10-15 1988-12-06 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Ambient temperature bondable elastomeric nonwoven web
CA1300572C (en) * 1986-10-27 1992-05-12 Takamitsu Igaue Method for making wearable articles
DE3726325A1 (de) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-16 Hoechst Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines olefinpolymers
US4775579A (en) * 1987-11-05 1988-10-04 James River Corporation Of Virginia Hydroentangled elastic and nonelastic filaments
US5376198A (en) * 1987-12-22 1994-12-27 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Method for making a stretchable absorbent article
US5226992A (en) * 1988-09-23 1993-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Process for forming a composite elastic necked-bonded material
US4981747A (en) * 1988-09-23 1991-01-01 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Composite elastic material including a reversibly necked material
US4965122A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-10-23 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Reversibly necked material
US5026364A (en) * 1988-12-21 1991-06-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Absorbent article having unitary waistcap and waistband
JP2682130B2 (ja) * 1989-04-25 1997-11-26 三井石油化学工業株式会社 柔軟な長繊維不織布
US5108827A (en) * 1989-04-28 1992-04-28 Fiberweb North America, Inc. Strong nonwoven fabrics from engineered multiconstituent fibers
US5064802A (en) * 1989-09-14 1991-11-12 The Dow Chemical Company Metal complex compounds
US5169706A (en) * 1990-01-10 1992-12-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Low stress relaxation composite elastic material
US5093422A (en) * 1990-04-23 1992-03-03 Shell Oil Company Low stress relaxation extrudable elastomeric composition
US5272236A (en) * 1991-10-15 1993-12-21 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers
US5349100A (en) * 1991-01-02 1994-09-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Chiral metallocene compounds and preparation thereof by creation of a chiral center by enantioselective hydride transfer
US5189192A (en) * 1991-01-16 1993-02-23 The Dow Chemical Company Process for preparing addition polymerization catalysts via metal center oxidation
US5278272A (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-01-11 The Dow Chemical Company Elastic substantialy linear olefin polymers
US5470639A (en) * 1992-02-03 1995-11-28 Fiberweb North America, Inc. Elastic nonwoven webs and method of making same
US5352749A (en) * 1992-03-19 1994-10-04 Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds
US5374696A (en) * 1992-03-26 1994-12-20 The Dow Chemical Company Addition polymerization process using stabilized reduced metal catalysts
US5382400A (en) * 1992-08-21 1995-01-17 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven multicomponent polymeric fabric and method for making same
US5336552A (en) * 1992-08-26 1994-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Nonwoven fabric made with multicomponent polymeric strands including a blend of polyolefin and ethylene alkyl acrylate copolymer
CA2101833A1 (en) * 1992-12-14 1994-06-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stretchable meltblown fabric with barrier properties
US5562650A (en) * 1994-03-04 1996-10-08 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Absorbent article having an improved surge management
US5635290A (en) * 1994-07-18 1997-06-03 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Knit like nonwoven fabric composite
ES2172552T3 (es) * 1994-11-17 2002-10-01 Kraton Polymers Res Bv Mezclas de copolimeros de bloques y poliolefinas con metaloceno.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69728652T2 (de) 2004-09-30
WO1997030202A1 (en) 1997-08-21
PL184644B1 (pl) 2002-11-29
CA2242603A1 (en) 1997-08-21
EP0882148A1 (en) 1998-12-09
CO4600603A1 (es) 1998-05-08
DE69728652D1 (de) 2004-05-19
ID16019A (id) 1997-08-28
TW350770B (en) 1999-01-21
BR9707434A (pt) 1999-07-20
AU708248B2 (en) 1999-07-29
AR005786A1 (es) 1999-07-14
PL328124A1 (en) 1999-01-18
TR199801622T2 (xx) 1998-11-23
KR19990087070A (ko) 1999-12-15
CN1144905C (zh) 2004-04-07
RU2188039C2 (ru) 2002-08-27
US5695849A (en) 1997-12-09
AU2263997A (en) 1997-09-02
ZA971268B (en) 1997-08-27
EP0882148B1 (en) 2004-04-14
KR100403252B1 (ko) 2003-12-18
CA2242603C (en) 2006-01-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN1144905C (zh) 弹性、可透气、抗渗织物
CN1225353C (zh) 全弹性的非织造织物层压品
CN1087367C (zh) 具有良好顺应性的非织造织物层压品其用途以及包含该层压品的感染控制用品
CN1096933C (zh) 改善滞后性的层合制品及其用途
CN1077030C (zh) 非织造织物-薄膜层合制品
CN1080343C (zh) 受控滞后的复合弹性材料和个人护理制品
AU691912B2 (en) Nonwoven fabric laminate with enhanced barrier properties
US6117803A (en) Personal care articles with abrasion resistant meltblown layer
WO1997030843A9 (en) Fully elastic nonwoven fabric laminate
CN1176672A (zh) 用含有特种共聚物并具有美学上愉快手感的聚合物制成的非织造布
CN1376044A (zh) 分配流体的防渗漏设置
CN1093148C (zh) 透气性薄膜/透气性层合物及其制造方法和用途
MXPA99001720A (en) Elastic laminates with improved hysteresis
MXPA98007113A (en) Laminate of non-woven fabric with good conformabili

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: GR

Ref document number: 1042191

Country of ref document: HK

CX01 Expiry of patent term
CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20040407