CN1209869A - 新颖的陶瓷点火器及其使用方法 - Google Patents
新颖的陶瓷点火器及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1209869A CN1209869A CN97191841.4A CN97191841A CN1209869A CN 1209869 A CN1209869 A CN 1209869A CN 97191841 A CN97191841 A CN 97191841A CN 1209869 A CN1209869 A CN 1209869A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
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- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
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- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical group [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
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- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/22—Details
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- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及陶瓷点火器,它包含以下部分:(i)一对导电端和(ii)位于二个导电端之间的加热区,该加热区的密度至少为理论值的95%并含具有以下组分的组合物:(a)约50—80体积%的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、(b)约10—45体积%的选自碳化硅、碳化硼的半导体材料和(c)约5—25体积%的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体,(iii)支承体,其上面有加热区,其中,至少一部分加热区的厚度不超过0.019英寸。
Description
发明背景
陶瓷材料的点火器已在煤气炉、取暖器和衣物烘干机领域取得很大成功。陶瓷点火器通常为U型，包括导电的末端部分和高电阻的中段部分。当点火器的末端与通电的导线连接时，高电阻部分(即“加热区”)温度升高。
新罕布什尔州Milford市Norton公司生产的一种常规点火器Mini-IgniterTM，其设计的应用范围在8-48V之间，加热区组合物包含氮化铝(“AlN”)、二硅化钼(“MoSi2”)和碳化硅(“SiC”)，加热区横截面为0.060英寸×0.030英寸。随着Mini-IgniterTM魅力的增大，要求小型的额定电压在通常的24V以上的点火器的应用的数量也随之增加。然而，当在这些应用中使用时，24V Mini-IgniterTM常面临温度失控，从而需要在控制系统中有一个变压器以从通常的线路电压(即120V)降低。因此，需要这样一种点火器：其额定应用范围高达约240V，不需要昂贵的变压器但仍具有设备和加热工业规定的以下要求，以预料线路电压的变化：
达到设计温度的时间 ＜5秒
在85％的设计电压的最低温度 1100℃
在100％的设计电压的设计温度 1350℃
在110％的设计电压的最高温度 1500℃
加热区长度 ＜1.5英寸
功率(W) 65-100
由于用于这些高电压应用的电流强度可能与在24V应用中使用的电流强度(即，约1.0A)相当，因此，在增压下运行的能力将可能通过增加点火器的电阻来提供。
由于Mini-IgniterTM的加热区含高电阻材料(AlN)、中等电阻材料(SiC)和高导电材料(MoSi2)，增加加热区电阻率的一个显而易见的方法是降低其MoSi2和SiC含量，同时加入AlN。为此，新鲜配制含约76体积％AlN、9体积％MoSi2和15体积％SiC的试验组合物并在较高温度(即，约1815℃)焙烧(hipped)。但发现所得陶瓷不合乎要求，它不仅达到设计温度的所需的时间长，而且焙烧温度较高，则产生的颗粒也较粗，从而使组合物产生显著负温度系数的电阻率(“NTCR”)，导致仅在约1350℃以上即出现温度失控。NTCR是指当点火器温度增加时，其电阻减小。该减小会使点火器比其电阻稳定时更热。若NTCR过度大，则点火器发热慢，当达到85％的额定电压时比较冷，而当达到110％的额定电压时出现不稳定。实际上，这些的点火器可能在未达到110％额定电压时即已失控，在这种情况下，即使电压恒定，电流强度和温度也继续上升，直至出现故障(烧坏)。因此宁愿点火器具有正温度系数电阻(“PTCR”)或仅中等的NTCR。具有PTCR的陶瓷在其温度从1000℃升至1350℃时电阻率增加，而具有中等NTCR的陶瓷在其温度从1000℃升至1350℃时电阻率下降不到25％。PTCR或中等的NTCR会容许温度随着电压的增加而逐步上升，这对高电压应用是很重要的，如上所述，因为点火器必须在较宽的电压范围内工作。
美国专利No.5,085,804(“Washburn氏专利”或“Washburn氏”)与姐妹篇的美国专利No.5,405,237一起公开了适合用作陶瓷点火器加热区的组合物，该组合物包含：
(a)5-50体积％MoSi2、和
(b)50-95体积％的选自碳化硅、氮化硅、氮化铝、氮化硼、氧化铝、铝酸镁、氧氮化硅铝和它们的混合物的物质。虽然Washburn氏专利公开了一种加热区横截面为0.06英寸×0.024英寸、由50体积％AlN、42.2体积％SiC和7.8体积％MoSi2制成的220V点火器，但其加热区的低MoSi2含量不仅显著地限制了其达到设计温度的速度，而且产生显著的NTCR，使该点火器在253V(230V额定电压的110％)不稳定。
因此，需要一种用于具有上述高电压性能要求的陶瓷点火器的材料。
发明概述
本发明提供具有以下部分的陶瓷点火器：
(ⅰ)一对导电端、和
(ⅱ)位于二个冷端之间的加热区，该加热区含
(a)约50-80体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、
(b)约10-45体积％的选自碳化硅、碳化硼和它们的混合物的半导体材料、和
(c)约5-25体积％的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、碳化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体，
其中，至少一部分加热区的厚度不超过0.019英寸。较好的是，点火器还具有加热区位于其上的支承体，该支承体的厚度应符合以下要求：其与加热区的厚度之和至少为0.020英寸。
本发明还提供一种加热方法，它包括以下步骤：
a)提供具有以下部分的点火器：
(ⅰ)一对导电端、和
(ⅱ)位于二个导电端之间的加热区，该加热区含
(a)约50-80体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、
(b)约10-45体积％的选自碳化硅、碳化硼和它们的混合物的半导体材料、和
(c)约9-14体积％的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体，
其中，至少一部分加热区的横截面为0.00015-0.00090平方英寸。
b)在点火器的二个导电端之间施加200-240V电压，使加热区在5秒钟以内加热至约1350℃，同时当加热区温度从1000℃升至1350℃时避免加热区的电阻率下降25％以上。附图说明
图1和图2分别是本发明的一个优选实施方式的正视图和透视图。
图3是本发明的一个优选实施方式的分解图。
图4是比较例1和实施例1的电阻和温度函数的电气性能比较。发明的描述
业已意外地发现，在通常的Washburn氏点火器的加热区中加入支承体可为加热区提供足够的结构支承，令其厚度安全地减小，从而使加热区产生满足220-240V额定应用要求的电气特性。因此，已发现较窄的组合物/横截面范围(window)，该范围的组合物/横截面可提供高电压点火器所要求的速度、电阻和结构整体性。
根据Washburn氏专利是无法预料到本发明的产品的。虽然Washburn氏讲述了加热区的实际下限为0.020英寸，但本发明产品的厚度低于此下限。
本发明的使用方法也是无法根据Washburn氏专利而能预料到的。Washburn氏指出，“(b)由于(Washburn氏的组合物)的电阻率可在数个量级上变化，因此，结构可设计成适合应用而不必顾虑材料的电气特性………”(参见Washburn氏专利第7栏第50-52行)。因此，Washburn氏指出，组合物(不是横截面)应进行变化以产生高电压点火器所需的电气特性。没有关于较薄的加热区(即，横截面为0.00015-0.00090平方英寸)与Washburn氏组合物的范围结合可得到所需的高电压特性的提示。实际上，Washburn氏在建议部分(参见第8栏第3-6行)和实施例部分(参见第7栏第41、59和64行；第10栏第61行和第12栏第3行)指出了较厚形状的需要性。与之相比，本发明主要通过使用接近或低于Washburn氏实际下限的加热区横截面而达到高压性能要求。而且，Washburn氏的220V点火器的组分变化导致了不合要求的低速度，而在本发明之前在本领域尚无仅提高电阻(例如，通过使用较薄的加热区)可产生具有合乎要求的速度的高压点火器的提示。在其他具有薄的加热区横截面的陶瓷点火器的公开中(例如，美国专利No.4,804,823)，并未提示它们适合在200-240V应用。
如图1所示，本发明的一个优选的点火器为发夹型，包含二根与桥11电连接的分支10，其中，二个分支均具有里层部分12、中间部分13和外层部分14，并以相同方向从桥延伸，中间部分13与桥电连接，为加热区组合物，里层部分和外层部分为支承体。
如图2所示，该设计的一个优选的点火器具有一对导电端32和33，用于与电线、加热区34、35和36以及电绝缘的支承体部分37、38和39连接。当成对的电线与各导电端连接且在上面施加电压时，电流从第一根导线通过第一导电端32依次经过各加热区34-36(从而使加热区温度上升)，并最终通过第二导电端33，在那里，电流流出至第二导线。
具有较薄横截面的加热区部分(例如图2的加热区34和36)的厚度约为0.005-0.030英寸，较好的约为0.010-0.019英寸。其宽度一般为0.020-0.050英寸，较好的为0.025-0.030英寸，更好的是约为0.030英寸。在一个使用二分支式发夹型设计的优选实施方式中，加热区位于各分支内，通常每分支内长度约为0.5-1.2英寸，较好的约为0.75-1.0英寸；宽度约为0.020-0.050英寸，最好深度约为0.030英寸。对高电压应用(例如，在200-240V，更通常的在220-240V之间)而言，这些加热区通常其横截面均为0.00015-0.00090平方英寸，较好的为0.00030-0.00057平方英寸，更好的为0.00045-0.00051平方英寸。
虽然图2所示的部分34、35和36均作为电阻性的进行了描述，但应清楚，这些部分中只需有一个是具有要求的横截面的电阻部分。例如，在一些实施方式中，部分35(也称为“桥”)可具有与导电端32和33相同的组成，令桥35起火焰探测器的作用。在其他实施方式中，桥35是电阻性相似或更大的材料，它有助于控制点火器的温度特性。
加热区34-36提供功能性加热以用于气体点火。在优选的实施方式中，使用其说明书全文在此处引作参考的美国专利No.5,045,237中公开的氮化铝、二硅化钼和碳化硅的组分百分比。如在Washburn氏专利中所指出的，AlN-SiC-MoSi2系是具有弹性的系，它可产生电阻率约为0.001-100欧姆-cm的点火器。这些加热区的电阻率在1000-1500℃的温度范围内一般约为0.04-100欧姆-cm，较好的为0.2-100欧姆-cm。在包括200-240V的应用中，加热区最好包含约50-80体积％的氮化铝、约9-14体积％的MoSi2和10-45体积％的SiC，其横截面约为0.00015-0.00090平方英寸。更好的是，它包含约60-70体积％的氮化铝、约10-12体积％的MoSi2和20-25体积％的SiC，其横截面约为0.00030-0.00057平方英寸。最好的是，它包含约64体积％的氮化铝、11体积％的MoSi2和25体积％的SiC，其横截面约为0.00045-0.00051平方英寸。当在较低的电压应用中使用这些加热区时，它们的性能均合乎要求。然而，二硅化钼含量为13-14体积％、横截面为0.00021-0.00042平方英寸的加热区在仅100V即达到1350 C，因此，在230V会烧坏；二硅化钼含量为9体积％、横截面为0.00060平方英寸的加热区在230V不能达到1000 C；二硅化钼含量为11-12体积％、横截面为0.00045-0.00051平方英寸的加热区显示良好的230V性能。
致密的加热区中的起始粉末和颗粒的粒径最好与Washburn氏专利中所述的那些相似。在一些实施方式中，致密体中加热区各组分的平均粒径(d50)如下：a)电绝缘材料(即AlN)：约为2-10微米；b)半导体材料(即SiC)：约为1-10微米；c)金属导体(即MoSi2)：约为1-10微米。
导电端32和33考虑到了引线的连接。较好的是，它们也由AlN、SiC和MoSi2组成。然而，它们的导电性和半导电性材料(即SiC和MoSi2)含量显著高于加热区。因此，其电阻率通常仅约为加热区的1/5至1/20，温度不会升至加热区所经历的水平。较好的是，它们由约20-65体积％氮化铝、以及20-70体积％的体积比约为1∶1至1∶3的MoSi2和SiC组成。更好的是，导电端包含约60体积％AlN、20体积％SiC和20体积％MoSi2。在优选的实施方式中，导电端32和33的大小为0.50英寸(单根分支长度)×0.030英寸(宽度)×0.030英寸(厚度)。
支承体37-39的功能是为电阻部分34-36提供机械支承。支承较薄加热区的支承体37和39的长度和宽度通常与加热区部分34和36相似，其厚度为0.015-0.020英寸，这样，加热区和其支承体的总厚度为0.020-0.050英寸。支承体最好由电阻率至少为108欧姆、强度至少为约150MPa的电绝缘性陶瓷制成。用于支承体的合适的组合物包括含至少90体积％的氮化铝、氮化硼和氮化硅中的一种的组合物。当使用支承体时，必须注意使支承体与邻接的加热区的热膨胀和致密化速率匹配。例如，发现在通常的Washburn氏加热区上装配由91体积％氮化铝、6体积％三氧化二钇、2体积％氧化铝和1体积％二氧化硅组成的支承体导致了会引起开裂的不同的致密速度。还发现，当选择氧化铝作为主要支承材料时，它与组合物的热等静压成形过程中所用的玻璃介质反应，引起热膨胀不匹配诱致的开裂。在使用AlN-MoSi2-SiC系的实施方式中，发现包含至少90体积％氮化铝和最高达10体积％氧化铝的支承体具有一致的热膨胀和致密特性。因此，据认为，包含至少90体积％的氮化铝、氮化硼和氮化硅中的至少一种和1-10体积％的选自氧化铝、三氧化二钇、氧化镁、二氧化硅和氧化钙的致密助剂的支承体适合在本发明中使用。在优选的实施方式中，支承体37-39的大小为1.00英寸(长度)×0.030英寸(宽度)×0.030英寸(厚度)。
此外，业已发现支承体有助于保护加热区免被氧化。在一些实施方式中，如在图1中，各分支的加热区由以下部分支承：ⅰ)外层支承体，其宽度和长度与邻接的加热区基本相同；和ⅱ)内层支承体，其延伸至桥，宽度与邻接的加热区基本相同，从而可为分支内至少约60％的加热区表面积提供抗氧化屏障。业已发现，耐氧化的点火器(如上述那些)在使用30,000次之后其电流强度增加不到1％。与之相比，业已发现，现有的具有相同组合物但无支承体的点火器使用30,000次之后，电流强度增加约15％。
当在本发明的优选的点火器的导电端上接上电线并在电线施加220-240V电压时，高电阻部分在不到约5秒钟的时间里加热至约1350℃，在点火器的上部区域(在图2中标为区域A)产生白热状态。然而，在一些实施方式中，观察到白热区向标为区域B的区域蔓延的倾向。据认为，该蔓延的原因是在约1100℃以上的温度，足够的电流直接流过氮化铝基的支承体38，将设计的电路短路了。尚未知氮化铝粉末(一种室温下电阻率约为106(Ω-cm)的电绝缘体)是否含有异常高的金属污染物或是玻璃焙烧法(glass hipping process)将杂质导入到氮化铝基支承体中了。不管是什么引起该现象，本发明者发现，在支承体38中开出约0.020-0.050英寸厚的缝40(在图2中用虚线标出)，成功地避免了该层在本发明的点火器上有效地短路。如图1所示，在一些实施方式中，缝15向上延伸至桥11。
在本发明中，还提供了一种制造本发明点火器的优选方法，其中，将具有预定组分的平片进行排列使平片横截面构成电路。在本发明点火器的一个优选的制造方法中(如图3所示)，将具有导电部分22和绝缘部分23的第一平片21置于一平面(未标出)上，将仅具有电阻部分的第二平片24置于第一平片上。然后将具有绝缘部分26和电阻部分27的第三平片置于第二平片上，这样，电阻部分27位于绝缘部分23的上面。接着，将仅具有电阻部分的第四平片28置于第三平片25的上面。最后，将具有绝缘部分30和导电部分31的第五平片29置于第四平片的上面，这样，绝缘部分30位于电阻部分27的上面。然后将该层合物致密化，使不同的平片接合在一起。接着将致密化了的层合物沿其深度方向切割，形成许多单独的陶瓷点火器。
在制造本发明的点火器时，图3所示的各生平片为陶瓷层合物的一个完整的层(例如，平片25具有绝缘部分26和电阻部分27)。或者，平片可仅由层的一部分组成。在后者的情况下，业已发现，仅为层的一部分的平片可粘合在一起而在性能上无任何相应的损失。
虽然图3显示了作为硬质生平片的高电阻部分24和28，这些部分也可以以下方法制成：带式铸造、辊式压实、热挤压，然后切割或网板印刷。
陶瓷组分的处理(即，生坯处理和烧结条件)和从致密的陶瓷制造点火器可用任何惯用的方法进行。通常，这些方法基本上根据Washburn氏专利进行。在优选的实施方式中，生的层合物通过在Washburn氏专利公开的玻璃介质中的热等静压成形而致密化。致密化产生加热区密度至少为理论值的95％，较好的至少约为99％的陶瓷体。
本发明的点火器可用于许多应用，包括气相燃料点火应用，如火炉和烹饪器具、基板加热器、锅炉和火炉顶。
通过下面的非限定性实施例和比较例，可进一步理解本发明的实际应用。在本发明中，“稳定的”点火器是指在给定的电压下保持恒定的电阻率和温度的点火器。
比较例Ⅰ
本比较例描述其加热区具有通常的Washburn氏组合物和通常的(即，过厚的)横截面的点火器在230V的性能。
将包含约66-71体积％AlN、8.5-9体积％MoSi2和20.5-25体积％SiC的加热区组合物在高剪切混合器中拌和。同样地将包含约20体积份AlN、约20体积份MoSi2和约60体积份SiC的冷区组合物拌和。然后将这些粉末共混料装入热压机中相邻的体积内，热压成约为理论密度的60％的坯料。接着对该坯料进行初步加工，以形成约为3.00英寸×2.00英寸×0.20英寸的二区型平片。然后，对加工过的平片进行热等静压成形，使平片在1790℃的温度和30,000磅/平方英寸的压力下均热处理1小时。焙烧后，将致密的平片用金刚石加工成加热区横截面约为0.050英寸×0.030英寸、加热区长度约为1.0英寸/分支的发夹式点火器(即，1.5英寸单根分支长度×0.030英寸厚度×0.050英寸分支宽度，缝宽约为0.060英寸)。
在230V的条件下，所得点火器的电性能见图4所示的电阻和温度关系。在约230V的条件下，点火器温度继续上升(即失控)，导致点火器烧坏。
实施例Ⅰ
基本按图2所示式样制造生的层合物。加热区由66体积％AlN、25体积％SiC和11体积％MoSi2制成。支承体部分由96体积％氮化铝和4体积％氧化铝制成。导电端由20体积％AlN、60体积％SiC和20体积％MoSi2制成。然后将层压片坯料通过在约1800℃玻璃热等静压成形约1小时进行致密化，形成陶瓷块。接着将该陶瓷块在宽度方向上切割，形成许多大小为31.5英寸×0.050英寸×0.030英寸的热表面元件。加热区的横截面约为0.015英寸×0.030英寸，单根分支长度约为1.0英寸。在中间的绝缘支承体部分开出一条大小为0.050英寸×0.030英寸×1.4英寸的缝。
将合适的导线连接在热表面元件的导电部分上，施加约230V电压。在230V的务件下所得点火器的电性能见图4中的电阻和温度关系。点火器显示稳定的加热性能并在约4秒钟内达到约1100℃的设计温度。
实施例Ⅱ
本实施例描述其加热区具有太多的二硅化钼的点火器在230V的性能。
基本上按实施例Ⅰ制得点火器，所不同的是，加热区的钼含量为15体积％。点火器仅在24V即达到约1300℃的操作温度。虽然该性能对24V点火器是合乎要求的，但据认为，该点火器很容易在230V烧坏。
实施例Ⅲ
本实施例描述其加热区的二硅化钼含量不足的点火器在230V的性能。
基本上按实施例Ⅰ制得点火器，所不同的是，加热区的钼含量仅为6体积％。
点火器在约12秒钟后达到操作温度，但在240V性能失控。
实施例Ⅳ
本实施例描述分支间无缝的点火器在230V的性能。
基本上按实施例Ⅰ制得点火器，所不同的是，在中间的氮化铝部分未开缝。
点火器在85％的额定电压即迅速地达到设计温度(即，在5秒钟内达到1100℃)。然而，电压进一步增加时，观察到点火器的最热部分向导电区域下移，导致点火器发生故障。
Claims (20)
1．陶瓷点火器，包含以下部分：
(ⅰ)一对导电端、和
(ⅱ)位于二个导电端之间的加热区，该加热区包含
(a)约50-80体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、
(b)约10-45体积％的选自碳化硅、碳化硼和它们的混合物的半导体材料、和
(c)约5-25体积％的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、碳化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体，
其中，至少一部分加热区的厚度不超过0.019英寸。
2．如权利要求1所述的点火器，其特征在于，点火器还具有(ⅲ)支承体，其上面有加热区，所述支承体的厚度应使其与位于其上的加热区的厚度之和至少为0.020英寸。
3．如权利要求2所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述支承体基本上由选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料组成。
4．如权利要求3所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述支承体包含至少90体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘性陶瓷和1-10体积％的选自氧化铝、三氧化二钇、氧化镁、氧化钙和二氧化硅的致密助剂。
5．如权利要求1所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述加热区组合物包含10-12体积％的二硅化钼。
6．如权利要求5所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述加热区的厚度为0.010-0.019英寸。
7．如权利要求1所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述点火器为发夹型，包含二根与桥电连接的分支，二个分支均包含加热区组合物，桥包含导电组合物。
8．如权利要求7所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述二个分支以相同方向从桥延伸，各分支具有里层部分、中间部分和外层部分，中间部分为加热区组合物，与桥电连接，里层部分和外层部分为支承体。
9．如权利要求8所述的点火器，其特征在于，各分支的里层部分的厚度应使两分支彼此不接触，由此在分支之间形成缝。
10．如权利要求9所述的点火器，其特征在于，所述缝延伸至桥。
11．如权利要求8所述的点火器，其特征在于，各分支的加热区由以下部分支承：ⅰ)外层支承体，其宽度和长度与邻接的加热区基本相同；和ⅱ)延伸至桥的内层支承体，其深度与邻接的加热区基本相同，从而可为分支内至少约60％的加热区表面积提供抗氧化屏障。
12．如权利要求8所述的点火器，其特征在于，分支间的单个支承体给出了两分支内层部分。
13．加热方法，它包括以下步骤：
a)提供具有以下部分的点火器：
(ⅰ)一对导电端和
(ⅱ)位于二个导电端之间的加热区，该加热区含
(a)约50-80体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、
(b)约10-45体积％的选自碳化硅、碳化硼和它们的混合物的半导体材料、和
(c)约9-14体积％的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、碳化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体，
其中，至少一部分加热区的横截面为0.00015-0.00090平方英寸
b)在点火器的二个导电端之间施加200-240V电压，使电阻区在5秒钟以内加热至约1350℃，同时当加热区温度从1000℃升至1350℃时避免加热区的电阻率下降25％以上。
14．如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，施加的电压在220V至240V之间。
15．如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述点火器为发夹型，包含二根与桥电连接的分支，二个分支均包含加热区组合物，桥包含导电组合物，所述二个分支以相同方向从桥延伸，各分支具有里层部分、中间部分和外层部分，中间部分为加热区组合物，与桥电连接，里层部分和外层部分为支承体，各分支的里层部分的厚度应使分支彼此不接触，由此在分支之间形成缝。
16．如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述点火器还具有支承体，其上面有加热区，所述支承体的厚度应使其与加热区的厚度之和至少为0.020英寸。
17．如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一部分加热区组合物包含10-12体积％的二硅化钼，横截面为0.00045-0.00051平方英寸。
18．如权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一部分加热区包含60-70体积％氮化铝、20-25体积％碳化硅和10-12体积％的二硅化钼，横截面为0.00030-0.00057平方英寸。
19．如权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，至少一部分加热区包含64体积％氮化铝、25体积％碳化硅和11体积％的二硅化钼，横截面为0.00045-0.00051平方英寸。
20．陶瓷点火器，具有含以下组分的加热区：
(a)约50-80体积％的选自氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅和它们的混合物的电绝缘材料、
(b)约10-45体积％的选自碳化硅、碳化硼的半导体材料和
(c)约5-25体积％的选自二硅化钼、二硅化钨、氮化钛和它们的混合物的金属导体，
所述点火器为发夹型，包含二根与桥电连接的分支，二个分支以相同方向从桥延伸，各分支具有里层部分、中间部分和外层部分，中间部分为加热区组合物，与桥电连接，里层部分和外层部分为支承体，外层部分的深度和长度与邻接的加热区基本相同，内层部分延伸至桥，其深度与邻接的加热区基本相同，从而可为分支内至少约60％的加热区表面积提供抗氧化屏障。
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| US59215796A | 1996-01-26 | 1996-01-26 | |
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| EP (1) | EP0876573B1 (zh) |
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| US5786565A (en) * | 1997-01-27 | 1998-07-28 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Match head ceramic igniter and method of using same |
| JP2000058237A (ja) * | 1998-06-05 | 2000-02-25 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | セラミックヒ―タ及びそれを用いた酸素センサ |
| US6028292A (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 2000-02-22 | Saint-Gobain Industrial Ceramics, Inc. | Ceramic igniter having improved oxidation resistance, and method of using same |
| US6582629B1 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2003-06-24 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. | Compositions for ceramic igniters |
| US6474492B2 (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-11-05 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics And Plastics, Inc. | Multiple hot zone igniters |
| ES2556102T3 (es) * | 2001-03-05 | 2016-01-13 | Coorstek, Inc. | Encendedores cerámicos |
| CA2585072A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic igniters |
| CA2700619A1 (en) * | 2007-09-23 | 2009-07-09 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Heating element systems |
| MX2010007138A (es) * | 2007-12-29 | 2010-08-11 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | Elementos ceramicos de calentamiento con estructura abierta y metodos para la fabricacion de los mismos. |
| MX2010007140A (es) * | 2007-12-29 | 2010-08-12 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | Encendedor de ceramica coaxial y metodos de fabricacion. |
| US20100116182A1 (en) * | 2008-09-18 | 2010-05-13 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Resistance heater based air heating device |
| JP6095092B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-31 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社ツツミプランニング | 機能食品 |
| US11125439B2 (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2021-09-21 | Scp Holdings, An Assumed Business Name Of Nitride Igniters, Llc | Hot surface igniters for cooktops |
| CN110536491A (zh) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-03 | 重庆利迈陶瓷技术有限公司 | 一种两层结构的陶瓷电热体及电烙铁 |
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| JPS58209084A (ja) * | 1982-05-28 | 1983-12-05 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 直熱形ヒ−タ材 |
| CA1240710A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1988-08-16 | Malcolm E. Washburn | Refractory composition and products resulting therefrom |
| US5085804A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1992-02-04 | Norton Company | Refractory electrical device |
| US5045237A (en) * | 1984-11-08 | 1991-09-03 | Norton Company | Refractory electrical device |
| US4804823A (en) * | 1986-07-31 | 1989-02-14 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic heater |
| US5191508A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1993-03-02 | Norton Company | Ceramic igniters and process for making same |
| US5304778A (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1994-04-19 | Electrofuel Manufacturing Co. | Glow plug with improved composite sintered silicon nitride ceramic heater |
| DE69424478T2 (de) * | 1993-07-20 | 2001-01-18 | Tdk Corp | Keramisches Heizelement |
| US5705261A (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1998-01-06 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation | Active metal metallization of mini-igniters by silk screening |
| US5514630A (en) * | 1994-10-06 | 1996-05-07 | Saint Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Composition for small ceramic igniters |
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| JP3137264B2 (ja) | 2001-02-19 |
| EP0876573A1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
| DE69707642D1 (de) | 2001-11-29 |
| JPH11506194A (ja) | 1999-06-02 |
| AU695975B2 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
| CN1125270C (zh) | 2003-10-22 |
| CA2243249A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
| US5801361A (en) | 1998-09-01 |
| AU1694097A (en) | 1997-08-20 |
| DE69707642T2 (de) | 2002-07-11 |
| WO1997027432A1 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
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