CN1205734A - 制冷剂组合物 - Google Patents

制冷剂组合物 Download PDF

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CN1205734A
CN1205734A CN96199139A CN96199139A CN1205734A CN 1205734 A CN1205734 A CN 1205734A CN 96199139 A CN96199139 A CN 96199139A CN 96199139 A CN96199139 A CN 96199139A CN 1205734 A CN1205734 A CN 1205734A
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azeotrope
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skellysolve
refrigeration agent
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J·D·莫里森
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Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60HARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/50Solvents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10Components
    • C09K2205/12Hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09KMATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/32The mixture being azeotropic

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种类共沸组合物,它含有:(A)1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和(B)正戊烷。还记载了含有这种类共沸组合物的热传导装置。

Description

制冷剂组合物
本发明涉及制冷剂组合物,并涉及这种组合物在热传导装置,如冷冻和空调系统中的应用。特别是本发明涉及可用于目前采用二氯二氟甲烷(制冷剂R-12)的汽车空调和冷冻用途的制冷剂组合物。
机械压缩类型,如冷冻器、冷却器、热泵和空调系统的热传导装置是已知的。在这些装置中,具有合适沸点的制冷液在低压下蒸发,从周围的热传导流体中获得热量。接着将生成的蒸汽压缩并通入冷凝器,在此其被冷凝并将热量释放给另一种热传导流体。冷凝物再通过膨胀阀返回到蒸发器以完成一个循环。压缩蒸汽和输送液体所需的机械能可以由电机或者内燃机来提供。
除了具有合适的沸点和蒸发的高潜热之外,制冷剂优选具有的性质还包括低毒性、无可燃性、无腐蚀性、稳定性高并且没有难闻的气味。
迄今为止,热传导装置趋于采用全部和部分卤化的含氯氟烃制冷剂,如三氯氟甲烷(制冷剂R-11)、二氯二氟甲烷(制冷剂R-12)、氯二氟甲烷(制冷剂R-22)和氯二氟甲烷和氯五氟乙烷(制冷剂R-115)的共沸混合物;这些共沸物是制冷剂R-502。特别是制冷剂R-12被发现可广泛用于汽车空调和家用制冷体系。
但是,全部和部分卤化的含氯氟烃被认为会破坏地球的保护性臭氧层,结果它的使用和生产受到国际上的一致限制。
当本发明涉及的这类热传导装置基本上是密封体系时,由于在该设备的操作过程中或者在维修过程中的泄漏,制冷剂可能会流失到空气中。因此用不消耗或者很少消耗臭氧的物质来代替全部和部分卤化的含氯氟烃制冷剂是重要的。
现已开始替换一些目前使用的含氯氟烃制冷剂。这些替代的制冷剂包括选择性的氢氟烃,即在其结构中只含有碳、氢和氟原子的化合物。因此制冷剂R-12通常用1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R-134a)来代替。
在热传导装置中,制冷剂构成还含有润滑剂的工作流体组合物的一部分。这种润滑剂与制冷剂一起沿着该装置的周围循环并对压缩机进行持续润滑。除了在存在制冷剂时具有良好的润滑性之外,润滑剂所需的性质还包括良好的水解稳定性和良好的热稳定性。而且,为了使润滑剂返回到压缩机,润滑剂应与制冷剂互容,这实际上是指润滑剂和制冷剂应该具有一定的互溶性,就是说润滑剂和制冷剂应该至少部分地互溶。
目前,热传导装置趋于采用矿物油作为润滑剂。含氯氟烃与矿物油良好的可溶性使得矿物油可与含氯氟烃一起沿着热传导装置循环,这反过来确保了有效地润滑压缩机。但是不利的是这种替代制冷剂具有与目前采用的含氯氟烃不同的溶解性的特性,其不足以溶解在矿物油中以使后者可用作润滑剂。
因此,在工业上替换这种含氯氟烃的制冷剂是很困难的,这是因为不仅存在寻找消耗少的或者不消耗臭氧的可行替代制冷剂的问题,而且,在许多情况下,还存在开发具有与替代制冷剂相容的润滑剂的问题。
本发明提供一种制冷剂组合物,它含有一种具有零臭氧消耗的化合物的混合物,该混合物在目前采用制冷剂R-12的汽车空调和制冷应用中可以与矿物油或烷基苯类润滑剂一起使用。
本发明提供一种含有1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R-134a)和正戊烷的类共沸组合物,它可用于热传导装置,如汽车空调和家用制冷体系。
本发明还提供了一种热传导装置,如制冷或空调体系,它包括蒸发器、冷却器、压缩器和膨胀阀,其中它含有一种含有1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和正戊烷的类共沸制冷剂组合物。本发明的这种组合物可特别用于家用制冷体系和汽车空调体系。
本发明的类共沸组合物含有1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和正戊烷。正戊烷能够溶解于矿物油或烷基苯润滑剂中,而这种性质使得本发明的这种组合物可沿着热传导装置的周围输送这类润滑剂并返回到压缩机。结果,采用本发明的组合物作为制冷剂的热传导装置可以采用以矿物油或者烷基苯为主要成分的廉价润滑剂来润滑压缩机。
术语共沸在制冷领域中是已知的,它是指含有两个或几个组分、具有恒定沸腾性质并且通过沸腾或者蒸发不会分馏或分离成其构成组分的组合物。因此,当采用共沸制冷剂时,在制冷循环过程中相遇的液体和蒸汽具有相同或者基本上相同的组分。在此所说的术语类共沸物是指其性质类似于真正的共沸物的组合,表现为具有恒定沸腾或者基本上恒定沸腾的性质并且通过沸腾不会有任何较大程度的分馏。因此,采用类共沸组合物,在制冷循环过程中相遇的液体和蒸汽相也趋于具有相似的组成。
本发明的类共沸组合物优选地含有95.0~99.9重量%的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和0.1~5.0重量%的正戊烷。特别优选的组合物含有97.0~99.8重量%的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和0.2~0.3重量%的正戊烷,它在汽车空调和家用制冷体系中一般所具有的温度和压力下具有类共沸性质,即温度为-40~+45℃,压力为0.5~12巴(0.5×105N/m2~12×105N/m2)。
本发明的类共沸组合物可用于在热传导装置,如汽车空调和家用制冷体系中通过一种方法来提供冷却,该方法包括冷凝该组合物,之后将其蒸发,与要冷却的热传导流体,如空气或水进行热交换。本发明的类共沸组合物可特别用于替代制冷剂R-12。本发明的组合物也可被用于代替制冷剂R-500,制冷剂R-500是制冷剂R-12和1,1-二氟乙烷(R-152a)以特定比例的混合物。
参考下面的实施例来说明本发明,但是其不限定本发明。实施例1
对1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(此后称为R-134a)和正戊烷进行热力学研究,来检测是否存在其类共沸混合物。首先测定含有各种含量的R-134a和正戊烷的一系列组合物的蒸汽/液体平衡(VLE)性质。接着采用该测定的VLE数值与纯TP-134a和纯正戊烷的已知性质一起来得到与这些测定的VLE数据相应的R-134a/正戊烷混合物的改进的Huron-Vidal(MHV-2)状态方程,以确定与该混合物理想状态的偏离状态有关的各种相互作用的参数。产生的状态方程可用于更确切地确定从-20到+30℃的多种不同温度下任何R-134a和正戊烷的类共沸混合物的存在情况和组成。这是通过在待测定的每个温度下改变R-134a/正戊烷混合物的蒸汽压和组成,直至实现液体和蒸汽的组成基本上相同而达到的。结果列于表1。对于表1所说的每个温度来说,记录产生基本上相同液体和蒸汽组成(即以摩尔%计的第一位小数)的R-134a/正戊烷混合物的蒸汽压和组成。
表1
温度(℃) 压力(巴) R-134a/正戊烷混合物的组成
摩尔% 重量%
-20.000.0020.0030.00 1.362.965.707.66 96.1/3.996.7/3.398.4/1.699.6/0.4 97.2/2.897.6/2.498.9/1.199.7/0.3

Claims (11)

1.一种类共沸组合物,它含有1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R-134a)和正戊烷。
2.权利要求1记载的类共沸组合物,它含有95.0~99.9重量%的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和0.1~5.0重量%的正戊烷。
3.权利要求2记载的类共沸组合物,它含有97.0~99.8重量%的1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷和0.2~0.3重量%的正戊烷。
4.权利要求1到3中任意一个记载的类共沸组合物,其中它在汽车空调和家用制冷体系中所遇到的温度和压力下具有类共沸性质。
5.权利要求1到3中任意一个记载的类共沸组合物,其中它在-40~+45℃的温度和0.5~12巴(0.5×105N/m2~12×105N/m2)的压力下具有类共沸性质。
6.一种提供冷却的方法,它包括冷凝权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物,之后将其以与要冷却的热传导液体的热交换方式来蒸发。
7.一种在汽车空调体系或者家用制冷体系中提供冷却的方法,其中该方法包括冷凝权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物,之后将其以与要被冷却的热传导液体的热交换关系来蒸发。
8.一种热传导装置,它包括蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩器和膨胀阀,其中它含有权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物。
9.一种空调体系或者制冷体系,它包括蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩器和膨胀阀,其中它含有权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物。
10.一种汽车空调体系或者家用制冷体系,它包括蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩器和膨胀阀,其中它含有权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物。
11.权利要求1到5中任意一个所说的类共沸组合物作为制冷剂R-12的替代物的用途。
CN96199139A 1995-11-01 1996-10-21 制冷剂组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1095866C (zh)

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GBGB9522377.2A GB9522377D0 (en) 1995-11-01 1995-11-01 Refrigerant compositions
GB9522377.2 1995-11-01

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CN1095866C CN1095866C (zh) 2002-12-11

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EP (1) EP0858490B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH11514640A (zh)
KR (1) KR100406100B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1095866C (zh)
AT (1) ATE238403T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU728403B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9611201A (zh)
CA (1) CA2236273A1 (zh)
DE (1) DE69627688T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2201205T3 (zh)
GB (1) GB9522377D0 (zh)
WO (1) WO1997016501A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1990817B (zh) * 1999-09-30 2011-02-02 Rpl控股有限公司 Cfc12替代物致冷剂

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001023492A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-05 Refrigerant Products Ltd R 12 replacement refrigerant
KR20000063317A (ko) * 2000-06-26 2000-11-06 김영렬 순간냉각제 조성물

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JP2576161B2 (ja) * 1987-11-26 1997-01-29 旭硝子株式会社 作動媒体混合物
JP2584337B2 (ja) * 1990-05-11 1997-02-26 三洋電機株式会社 冷媒組成物
US5458798A (en) * 1993-02-05 1995-10-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon
EP1028152A3 (en) 1993-02-05 2005-06-15 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon
JPH07173460A (ja) * 1993-12-20 1995-07-11 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷媒組成物および冷凍装置
JP2859154B2 (ja) 1995-02-17 1999-02-17 三洋電機株式会社 冷凍装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1990817B (zh) * 1999-09-30 2011-02-02 Rpl控股有限公司 Cfc12替代物致冷剂

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JPH11514640A (ja) 1999-12-14
WO1997016501A1 (en) 1997-05-09
US6214252B1 (en) 2001-04-10
KR19990067212A (ko) 1999-08-16
GB9522377D0 (en) 1996-01-03
ATE238403T1 (de) 2003-05-15
ES2201205T3 (es) 2004-03-16
KR100406100B1 (ko) 2004-03-27
AU7314996A (en) 1997-05-22
EP0858490A1 (en) 1998-08-19
AU728403B2 (en) 2001-01-11
DE69627688D1 (de) 2003-05-28
CN1095866C (zh) 2002-12-11
CA2236273A1 (en) 1997-05-09
EP0858490B1 (en) 2003-04-23
BR9611201A (pt) 1999-04-06
DE69627688T2 (de) 2003-10-16

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