GB2291884A - Refrigerant compositions comprising organofluorine compounds and hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Refrigerant compositions comprising organofluorine compounds and hydrocarbons Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2291884A
GB2291884A GB9514798A GB9514798A GB2291884A GB 2291884 A GB2291884 A GB 2291884A GB 9514798 A GB9514798 A GB 9514798A GB 9514798 A GB9514798 A GB 9514798A GB 2291884 A GB2291884 A GB 2291884A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
hydrocarbons
component
refrigerant compositions
organofluorine compounds
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9514798A
Other versions
GB9514798D0 (en
Inventor
Richard Llewellyn Powell
Stuart Corr
Frederick Thomas Murphy
James David Morrison
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Publication of GB9514798D0 publication Critical patent/GB9514798D0/en
Publication of GB2291884A publication Critical patent/GB2291884A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/11—Ethers
    • C09K2205/112—Halogenated ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/128—Perfluorinated hydrocarbons

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

A refrigerant composition is described which comprises (A) at least one fluorine containing compound selected from the group consisting of perfluoropropane and trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether, (B) pentafluoroethane, and (C) at least one hydrocarbon.

Description

REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS This invention relates to refrigerant compositions for cooling and heating applications and to the use of such compositions in heat transfer devices, particularly refrigeration systems.
Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known. In such devices, a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding zone. The resulting vapour is then compressed and passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to a second zone. The condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle. The mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
In addition to having a suitable boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporisation, a preferred refrigerant will also have low toxicity, be non-flammable, non-corrosive, have high stability and be free from objectionable odour.
Hitherto, heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as trichlorofluoromethane (Refrigerant R-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (Refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (Refrigerant R-115); the azeotrope being Refrigerant R-502. Refrigerant R-22, for example, is widely used in air conditioning systems.
However, the fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in the destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer and as a result the use and production thereof has been limited by international agreement.
Whilst heat transfer devices of the type to which the present invention relates are essentially closed systems, loss of refrigerant to the atmosphere can occur due to leakage during operation of the equipment or during maintenance procedures. It is important, therefore, to replace fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants by materials having low or zero ozone depletion potentials.
In addition to the possibility of ozone depletion, it has been suggested that significant concentrations of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants in the atmosphere might contribute to global warming (the so-called greenhouse effect). It is desirable, therefore, to use refrigerants which have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes as a result of their ability to react with other atmospheric constituents such as hydroxyl radicals.
Replacements for some of the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use have already been developed. These replacement refrigerants tend to comprise selected hydrofluoroalkanes, i.e.
compounds which contain only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine atoms in their structure. Thus, refrigerant R-12 is generally being replaced by 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
According to the present invention there is provided a refrigerant composition comprising: (A) at least one fluorine containing compound selected from the group consisting of perfluoropropane (R-218) and trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether; (B) pentafluoroethane (R-125); and (C) at least one hydrocarbon.
The refrigerant composition of the invention comprises at least components A to C.
Component (A) comprises at least one fluorine containing compound selected from the group consisting of perfluoropropane (hereinafter R-218) and trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether (CF3OCF2H). Although component (A) may be a mixture of R-218 and trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether, it will preferably contain just one of these compounds and more preferably will contain just R-218.
Component (B) is pentafluoroethane (hereinafter R-125).
The at least one hydrocarbon making up component (C) tends to dissolve in the mineral oil or alkyl benzene lubricant and this property can allow the refrigerant composition of the invention to transport such a lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor. As a result, refrigeration systems which employ the refrigerant composition of the invention as the working fluid may be able to employ inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes to lubricate the compressor.
Suitable hydrocarbons for inclusion in the refrigerant composition of the invention are those containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, such as propane, butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane, being preferred.
Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with propane being especially preferred.
The amounts of the various components in the refrigerant composition may be varied within wide limits, but typically the refrigerant composition will comprise from 50 to 85 % by weight of component (A), from 5 to 48 % by weight of component (B) and from 2 to 20 % by weight of component (C). The refrigerant composition will preferably comprise from 60 to 85 % by weight, more preferably from 70 to 85 % by weight, of component (A), from 5 to 38 % by weight, more preferably from 5 to 28 % by weight, of component (B) and from 2 to 20 % by weight, more preferably from 2 to 15 % by weight, of component (C).
The refrigerant composition of the invention provides a good balance of properties.

Claims (1)

  1. Claims:
    1. A refrigerant composition comprising: (A) at least one fluorine containing compound selected from the group consisting of perfluoropropane and trifluoromethyl difluoromethyl ether; (B) pentafluoroethane; and (C) at least one hydrocarbon.
GB9514798A 1994-07-27 1995-07-19 Refrigerant compositions comprising organofluorine compounds and hydrocarbons Withdrawn GB2291884A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9415159A GB9415159D0 (en) 1994-07-27 1994-07-27 Refrigerant compositions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9514798D0 GB9514798D0 (en) 1995-09-20
GB2291884A true GB2291884A (en) 1996-02-07

Family

ID=10758965

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9415159A Pending GB9415159D0 (en) 1994-07-27 1994-07-27 Refrigerant compositions
GB9514798A Withdrawn GB2291884A (en) 1994-07-27 1995-07-19 Refrigerant compositions comprising organofluorine compounds and hydrocarbons

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9415159A Pending GB9415159D0 (en) 1994-07-27 1994-07-27 Refrigerant compositions

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB9415159D0 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998023702A1 (en) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-04 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant composition
GB2327427A (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-27 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant Compositions
EP1195421A2 (en) * 1997-07-15 2002-04-10 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant compositions
US6426019B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2002-07-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. Variable load refrigeration system particularly for cryogenic temperatures
US6495060B2 (en) * 1996-08-30 2002-12-17 Ineos Fluor Holdings Limited Refrigerant compositions
US6516837B2 (en) 2000-09-27 2003-02-11 Honeywell International Inc. Method of introducing refrigerants into refrigeration systems
US6881354B2 (en) 1998-12-30 2005-04-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Multicomponent refrigerant fluids for low and cryogenic temperatures
US7258813B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2007-08-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant composition
US7641810B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2010-01-05 Neil Andre Roberts Refrigerant compositions
US7648642B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2010-01-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0537045A1 (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-14 Elf Atochem S.A. Azeotropic mixture containing 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, perfluoropropane and propane
WO1993014174A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Compositions useful as refrigerants
WO1994002564A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions including pentafluorodimethyl ether
GB2250514B (en) * 1990-12-05 1995-01-11 Star Refrigeration Multi-component refrigerant
WO1995004787A1 (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-02-16 Intermagnetics General Corporation Mixture refrigerants

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2250514B (en) * 1990-12-05 1995-01-11 Star Refrigeration Multi-component refrigerant
EP0492777B1 (en) * 1990-12-05 1995-05-10 Star Refrigeration Ltd. Multi-component refrigerant
EP0537045A1 (en) * 1991-10-09 1993-04-14 Elf Atochem S.A. Azeotropic mixture containing 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, perfluoropropane and propane
WO1993014174A1 (en) * 1992-01-10 1993-07-22 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Compositions useful as refrigerants
WO1994002564A1 (en) * 1992-07-28 1994-02-03 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions including pentafluorodimethyl ether
WO1995004787A1 (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-02-16 Intermagnetics General Corporation Mixture refrigerants

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6495060B2 (en) * 1996-08-30 2002-12-17 Ineos Fluor Holdings Limited Refrigerant compositions
WO1998023702A1 (en) * 1996-11-28 1998-06-04 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant composition
US6521141B1 (en) 1996-11-28 2003-02-18 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant composition
AU737564B2 (en) * 1996-11-28 2001-08-23 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant composition
GB2327427B (en) * 1997-07-15 2002-02-20 Rhodia Ltd Refrigerant compositions
EP1195421A2 (en) * 1997-07-15 2002-04-10 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant compositions
US6428720B1 (en) 1997-07-15 2002-08-06 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant compositions
AU755306B2 (en) * 1997-07-15 2002-12-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
CZ298309B6 (en) * 1997-07-15 2007-08-22 E.I.Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions and use thereof
EP1195421A3 (en) * 1997-07-15 2008-02-27 E.I.Du pont de nemours and company Refrigerant compositions
WO1999003947A1 (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-28 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant compositions
GB2327427A (en) * 1997-07-15 1999-01-27 Rhodia Limited Refrigerant Compositions
US7229567B2 (en) 1997-07-15 2007-06-12 E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US6426019B1 (en) * 1998-12-30 2002-07-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. Variable load refrigeration system particularly for cryogenic temperatures
US6881354B2 (en) 1998-12-30 2005-04-19 Praxair Technology, Inc. Multicomponent refrigerant fluids for low and cryogenic temperatures
US7258813B2 (en) 1999-07-12 2007-08-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant composition
US6640841B2 (en) 2000-09-27 2003-11-04 Honeywell International Inc. Method of introducing refrigerants into refrigeration systems
US6516837B2 (en) 2000-09-27 2003-02-11 Honeywell International Inc. Method of introducing refrigerants into refrigeration systems
US7648642B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2010-01-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US7799240B1 (en) 2002-10-11 2010-09-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US7837894B2 (en) 2002-10-11 2010-11-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US7641810B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2010-01-05 Neil Andre Roberts Refrigerant compositions
US7713434B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2010-05-11 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US7771610B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2010-08-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions
US8246851B2 (en) 2002-11-29 2012-08-21 Roberts Neil Andre Chiller refrigerants

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9514798D0 (en) 1995-09-20
GB9415159D0 (en) 1994-09-28

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