EP0845021A1 - Refrigerant compositions - Google Patents

Refrigerant compositions

Info

Publication number
EP0845021A1
EP0845021A1 EP96927757A EP96927757A EP0845021A1 EP 0845021 A1 EP0845021 A1 EP 0845021A1 EP 96927757 A EP96927757 A EP 96927757A EP 96927757 A EP96927757 A EP 96927757A EP 0845021 A1 EP0845021 A1 EP 0845021A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
refrigerant composition
azeotropic refrigerant
refrigerant
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP96927757A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Llewellyn Powell
Stuart Corr
Frederick Thomas Murphy
James David Morrison
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Publication of EP0845021A1 publication Critical patent/EP0845021A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/106—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/34—The mixture being non-azeotropic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by bromotrifluoromethane (R-13B1).
  • Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known.
  • a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid.
  • the resulting vapour is then compressed and passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid.
  • the condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle.
  • the mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
  • the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flammability, non-corrosivity, high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
  • chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as bromotrifluoromethane (refrigerant R-13B1), trichlorofluoromethane (refrigerant R-ll), dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115); the azeotrope being refrigerant R-502.
  • Refrigerant R-13B1 has been widely used in low temperature refrigeration applications.
  • the present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-13B1.
  • non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
  • the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises three separate components.
  • the first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5°C.
  • the second component (component (B)) is difluoromethane (R-32) which has a boiling point of around -51.6°C.
  • the third component (component (C)) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5°C.
  • a preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 is one comprising from 2 to 15 Z by weight C0 2 , from 25 to 50 Z by weight R-32 and from 40 to 65 Z by weight R-125.
  • a particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 is one comprising from 5 to 12 Z by weight, more particularly from 8 to 12 Z by weight, C0 2> from 35 to 50 Z by weight, more particularly from 40 to 50 Z by weight, R-32 and from 40 to 55 Z by weight, more particularly from 40 to 50 Z by weight, R-125.
  • An especially preferred refrigerant composition of the invention is one comprising about 10 Z by weight C0 2 , about 43 Z by weight R-32 and about 47 Z by weight R-125.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more hydrocarbon compounds in an amount which is sufficient to allow the composition to transport a mineral oil or alkyl benzene type lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor.
  • inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes may be used to lubricate the compressor.
  • Suitable hydrocarbons for use with the refrigerant composition of the invention are those containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred. Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with pentane being especially preferred. Where a hydrocarbon is combined with the refrigerant composition of the invention, it will preferably be present in an amount of from 1 to 10 Z by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention may also be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants.
  • lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil.
  • Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol.
  • Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable terminal groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups.
  • lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof.
  • Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol alkanes such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol.
  • the esters may be formed with linear and/or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected from the C 5 _ 8 , particularly the C 5 _ 7 , linear alkanoic acids and the C 5 _ 10 , particularly the C 5 _ 9 , branched alkanoic acids.
  • a minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof.
  • the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable.
  • the zeotropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves condensing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled.
  • the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
  • a composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 43 Z by weight R-32 and 47 Z by weight R-125.
  • composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 45 Z by weight R-32 and 45 Z by weight R-125.
  • composition comprising 5 Z by weight C0 2 , 45.6 Z by weight R-32 and 49.4 Z by weight R-125.
  • a composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 36 Z by weight R-32 and 54 Z by weight R-125.
  • a composition comprising 10 Z by weight C0 2 , 27 Z by weight R-32 and 63 Z by weight R-125.
  • the performance parameters of the refrigerant compositions which are presented in Table 1, i.e. condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, discharge temperature, refrigeration capacity (by which is meant the cooling duty achieved per unit swept volume of the compressor), coefficient of performance (COP) (by which is meant the ratio of cooling duty (refrigeration effect) achieved to mechanical energy supplied to the compressor), and the glides in the evaporator and condenser (the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition boils in the evaporator and condenses in the condenser), are all art recognised parameters.

Abstract

A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition is described comprising (A) carbon dioxide (CO2), (B) difluoromethane (R-32), and (C) pentafluoroethane (R-125).

Description

REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions and more particularly to non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by bromotrifluoromethane (R-13B1).
Heat transfer devices of the mechanical compression type such as refrigerators, freezers, heat pumps and air conditioning systems are well known. In such devices a refrigerant liquid of a suitable boiling point evaporates at low pressure taking heat from a surrounding heat transfer fluid. The resulting vapour is then compressed and passes to a condenser where it condenses and gives off heat to another heat transfer fluid. The condensate is then returned through an expansion valve to the evaporator so completing the cycle. The mechanical energy required for compressing the vapour and pumping the liquid may be provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.
In addition to having a suitable boiling point and a high latent heat of vaporisation, the properties preferred of a refrigerant include low toxicity, non-flammability, non-corrosivity, high stability and freedom from objectionable odour.
Hitherto, heat transfer devices have tended to use fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants such as bromotrifluoromethane (refrigerant R-13B1), trichlorofluoromethane (refrigerant R-ll), dichlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-12), chlorodifluoromethane (refrigerant R-22) and the azeotropic mixture of chlorodifluoromethane and chloropentafluoroethane (refrigerant R-115); the azeotrope being refrigerant R-502. Refrigerant R-13B1, for example, has been widely used in low temperature refrigeration applications.
However, the fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in the destruction of the earth's protective ozone layer and as a result the use and production thereof has been limited by international agreement. Whilst heat transfer devices of the type to which the present invention relates are essentially closed systems, loss of refrigerant to the atmosphere can occur due to leakage during operation of the equipment or during maintenance procedures. It is important, therefore, to replace fully and partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants by materials having low or zero ozone depletion potentials.
In addition to the possibility of ozone depletion, it has been suggested that significant concentrations of chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants in the atmosphere might contribute to global warming (the so-called greenhouse effect). It is desirable, therefore, to use refrigerants which have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes as a result of their ability to react with other atmospheric constituents such as hydroxyl radicals.
Replacements for some of the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use have already been developed. These replacement refrigerants tend to comprise selected hydrofluoroalkanes, i.e. compounds which contain only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine atoms in their structure. Thus, refrigerant R-12 is generally being replaced by 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).
Although suitable replacement refrigerants are available, there is always a need for new refrigerants having a low or zero ozone depletion potential that are capable of replacing the chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants presently in use such as R-13B1.
The present invention provides a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising a mixture of compounds having low or zero ozone depletion potentials which can be used in the low temperature refrigeration applications currently satisfied by refrigerant R-13B1.
According to the present invention there is provided a non-azeotropic (zeotropic) refrigerant composition comprising:
(A) carbon dioxide (C02);
(B) difluoromethane (R-32); and
(C) pentafluoroethane (R-125). The zeotropic refrigerant composition of the invention comprises three separate components. The first component (component (A)) is carbon dioxide (C02) which exhibits a low temperature refrigeration action subliming at around -78.5°C. The second component (component (B)) is difluoromethane (R-32) which has a boiling point of around -51.6°C. The third component (component (C)) is pentafluoroethane (R-125) which has a boiling point of around -48.5°C.
A preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 is one comprising from 2 to 15 Z by weight C02, from 25 to 50 Z by weight R-32 and from 40 to 65 Z by weight R-125.
A particularly preferred refrigerant composition of the invention in terms of its suitability as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 is one comprising from 5 to 12 Z by weight, more particularly from 8 to 12 Z by weight, C02> from 35 to 50 Z by weight, more particularly from 40 to 50 Z by weight, R-32 and from 40 to 55 Z by weight, more particularly from 40 to 50 Z by weight, R-125.
An especially preferred refrigerant composition of the invention is one comprising about 10 Z by weight C02, about 43 Z by weight R-32 and about 47 Z by weight R-125.
The refrigerant composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more hydrocarbon compounds in an amount which is sufficient to allow the composition to transport a mineral oil or alkyl benzene type lubricant around a refrigeration circuit and return it to the compressor. In this way, inexpensive lubricants based on mineral oils or alkyl benzenes may be used to lubricate the compressor.
Suitable hydrocarbons for use with the refrigerant composition of the invention are those containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, with hydrocarbons containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms being preferred. Propane and pentane are particularly preferred hydrocarbons, with pentane being especially preferred. Where a hydrocarbon is combined with the refrigerant composition of the invention, it will preferably be present in an amount of from 1 to 10 Z by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
The refrigerant composition of the invention may also be used in combination with the types of lubricants which have been specially developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants. Such lubricants include those comprising a polyoxyalkylene glycol base oil. Suitable polyoxyalkylene glycols include hydroxyl group initiated polyoxyalkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene and/or propylene oxide oligomers/polymers initiated on mono- or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, butanol, pentaerythritol and glycerol. Such polyoxyalkylene glycols may also be end-capped with suitable terminal groups such as alkyl, e.g. methyl groups. Another class of lubricants which have been developed for use with hydrofluorocarbon based refrigerants and which may be used in combination with the present refrigerant compositions are those comprising a neopentyl polyol ester base oil derived from the reaction of at least one neopentyl polyol and at least one aliphatic carboxylic acid or an esterifiable derivative thereof. Suitable neopentyl polyols for the formation of the ester base oil include pentaerythritol, polypentaerythritols such as di- and tripentaerythritol, trimethylol alkanes such as trimethylol ethane and trimethylol propane, and neopentyl glycol. The esters may be formed with linear and/or branched aliphatic carboxylic acids, such as linear and/or branched alkanoic acids. Preferred acids are selected from the C5_8, particularly the C5_7, linear alkanoic acids and the C5_10, particularly the C5_9, branched alkanoic acids. A minor proportion of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, e.g. an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, may also be used in the synthesis of the ester in order to increase the viscosity thereof. Usually, the amount of the carboxylic acid(s) which is used in the synthesis will be sufficient to esterify all of the hydroxyl groups contained in the polyol, although residual hydroxyl functionality may be acceptable. The zeotropic refrigerant composition of the present invention may be used to provide the desired cooling in heat transfer devices such as low temperature refrigeration systems by a method which involves condensing the refrigerant composition and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled. In particular, the refrigerant composition of the invention may be employed as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
The present invention is now illustrated but not limited with reference to the following example.
Example 1
The performance of five refrigerant compositions of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle was investigated using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques in order to assess the suitability thereof as a replacement for R-13B1. The following refrigerant compositions were subjected to the cycle analysis:
(1) A composition comprising 10 Z by weight C02, 43 Z by weight R-32 and 47 Z by weight R-125.
(2) A composition comprising 10 Z by weight C02, 45 Z by weight R-32 and 45 Z by weight R-125.
(3) A composition comprising 5 Z by weight C02, 45.6 Z by weight R-32 and 49.4 Z by weight R-125.
(4) A composition comprising 10 Z by weight C02, 36 Z by weight R-32 and 54 Z by weight R-125.
(5) A composition comprising 10 Z by weight C02, 27 Z by weight R-32 and 63 Z by weight R-125.
The following operating conditions were used in the cycle analysis.
Mean Evaporator Temperature: -55°C Mean Condenser Temperature: 20°C
Amount of Superheat: 0°C
Amount of Subcooling: 0°C
Isentropic Compressor Efficiency: 100 Z
Cooling Duty: 1 kW
The results of analysing the performance of the five refrigerant compositions in a low temperature refrigeration cycle using these operating conditions are given in Table 1.
The performance parameters of the refrigerant compositions which are presented in Table 1, i.e. condenser pressure, evaporator pressure, discharge temperature, refrigeration capacity (by which is meant the cooling duty achieved per unit swept volume of the compressor), coefficient of performance (COP) (by which is meant the ratio of cooling duty (refrigeration effect) achieved to mechanical energy supplied to the compressor), and the glides in the evaporator and condenser (the temperature range over which the refrigerant composition boils in the evaporator and condenses in the condenser), are all art recognised parameters.
The performance of refrigerant R-13B1 under the same operating conditions is also shown in Table 1 by way of comparison.
It is apparent from the results given in Table 1 that the performance of the refrigerant composition of the invention in a low temperature refrigeration cycle is such that it could make an acceptable replacement for refrigerant R-13B1.
TABLE 1
Refrigerant 13B1 C02/32/125 Cθj/32/125 C02/32/125 C02/32/125 C02/32/125 % by weight 100 10/43/47 10/45/45 5/45.6/49.4 10/36/54 10/27/63
Evaporator Pressure (bar) 1.15 1.02 1.02 0.93 1 1.01
Condenser Pressure (bar) 14.33 16.8 16.84 15.44 16.64 16.38
Discharge Temperature (°C) 61.86 76.25 78.11 71 73.04 71.6
Coefficient of Performance (COP) 1.92 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01
Refrigeration Capacity (KJ/m3) 602 704 709 641 690 666
Evaporator Glide (°C) 0 2.05 2.05 1.01 2.05 2.09
Condenser Glide (°C) 0 4.35 4.3 1.9 4.5 4.8

Claims

Claims :
1. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition comprising:
(A) carbon dioxide (C02);
(B) difluoromethane (R-32); and
(C) pentafluoroethane (R-125).
2. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 1 comprising from 2 to 15 Z by weight C02, from 25 to 50 Z'by weight R-32 and from 40 to 65 Z by weight R-125.
3. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 2 comprising from 5 to 12 Z by weight C02, from 35 to 50 Z by weight R-32 and from 40 to 55 Z by weight R-125.
4. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 3 comprising from 8 to 12 Z by weight C02, from 40 to 50 Z by weight R-32 and from 40 to 50 Z by weight R-125.
5. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 4 comprising about 10 Z by weight C02, about 43 Z by weight R-32 and about 47 Z by weight R-125.
6. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 which additionally comprises at least one hydrocarbon.
7. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 6, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon contains from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
8. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein the at least one hydrocarbon is selected from propane and pentane.
9. A non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the hydrocarbon is present in an amount of from 1 to 10 Z by weight on the total weight of the refrigerant composition.
10. A heat transfer device containing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. A low temperature refrigeration system containing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
12. A method for providing cooling which comprises condensing a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 and thereafter evaporating it in a heat exchange relationship with a heat transfer fluid to be cooled.
13. The use of a non-azeotropic refrigerant composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 as a replacement for refrigerant R-13B1 in low temperature refrigeration applications.
EP96927757A 1995-08-18 1996-08-12 Refrigerant compositions Ceased EP0845021A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9516921 1995-08-18
GBGB9516921.5A GB9516921D0 (en) 1995-08-18 1995-08-18 Refrigerant compositions
PCT/GB1996/001960 WO1997007181A1 (en) 1995-08-18 1996-08-12 Refrigerant compositions

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0845021A1 true EP0845021A1 (en) 1998-06-03

Family

ID=10779411

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96927757A Ceased EP0845021A1 (en) 1995-08-18 1996-08-12 Refrigerant compositions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0845021A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH11511192A (en)
AU (1) AU6746396A (en)
CA (1) CA2227917A1 (en)
GB (1) GB9516921D0 (en)
WO (1) WO1997007181A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7861541B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2011-01-04 Tiax Llc System and method of refrigeration

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7238299B2 (en) * 2002-11-01 2007-07-03 Honeywell International Inc. Heat transfer fluid comprising difluoromethane and carbon dioxide
US7655610B2 (en) 2004-04-29 2010-02-02 Honeywell International Inc. Blowing agent compositions comprising fluorinated olefins and carbon dioxide
FR2910016B1 (en) * 2006-12-19 2009-02-20 Arkema France COMPOSITIONS USEFUL AS REFRIGERANT FLUID
DE102016204378A1 (en) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Weiss Umwelttechnik Gmbh test chamber
DE102017012211A1 (en) * 2017-09-08 2019-03-14 Technische Universität Dresden refrigerant
DE102019105676B4 (en) * 2019-03-06 2021-05-06 Weiss Umwelttechnik Gmbh Refrigerant and its use

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4116274C2 (en) * 1991-05-17 1998-03-19 Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet Refrigerant
WO1996002607A1 (en) * 1994-07-14 1996-02-01 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Refrigerant compositions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9707181A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7861541B2 (en) 2004-07-13 2011-01-04 Tiax Llc System and method of refrigeration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9516921D0 (en) 1995-10-18
WO1997007181A1 (en) 1997-02-27
JPH11511192A (en) 1999-09-28
CA2227917A1 (en) 1997-02-27
AU6746396A (en) 1997-03-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US6117356A (en) Refrigerant compositions
US6106740A (en) Non-azeotropic refrigerant composition of CO2, R-125, R-143a and R-22
EP0772659B1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
JPH08505657A (en) Refrigerant composition
EP0770113B1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
WO1997007179A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
AU693226B2 (en) Refrigerant compositions
EP0845021A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
WO1996003472A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
EP0922077B1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
EP0922075B1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
WO1993014173A1 (en) Compositions useful as refrigerants
EP0845020A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
WO1996002605A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions
WO1996002603A1 (en) Refrigerant compositions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19980122

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19980526

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20010128