CN1202275C - 可用作铁磁部件的铁素体不锈钢 - Google Patents
可用作铁磁部件的铁素体不锈钢 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001678 gehlenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017150 AlTi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004534 SiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005307 ferromagnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 niobium form compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Compounds Of Iron (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
Abstract
提供一种铁素体不锈钢,特征在于其具有下述组成,以重量计:0%<C≤0.030%、1%≤Si≤3%、0%<Mn≤0.5%、10%≤Cr≤13%、0%<Ni≤0.5%、0%<Mo≤3%、N≤0.030%、Cu≤0.5%、Ti≤0.5%、Nb≤1%、Ca≥1×10-4%、O≥10×10-4%、S≤0.030%、P≤0.030%,余者为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可用作铁磁部件的铁素体不锈钢。
背景技术
铁素体不锈钢以给定的组成为特征,铁素体组织,特别是通过对该材料热轧和冷却之后通过热退火处理获得。
在特别是根据铬含量和碳含量分类的铁素体不锈钢的主要类型中,其包括:
—碳含量最高达0.17%的铁素体不锈钢,这类钢在生产后进行冷却之后,具有奥氏体-铁素体两相结构。然而,虽然含碳量较高,但这类钢在退火后可以转变为铁素体不锈钢;
—铬含量约11%或12%的铁素体不锈钢。它们与铬含量12%的马氏体钢相当接近,但碳含量却明显不同,铁素体不锈钢的碳含量较低。
在不锈钢热轧期间,钢的组织可以是两相:铁素体和奥氏体,如果例如冷却较快,则最终组织是铁素体和马氏体,如果冷却较慢,则奥氏体会部分分解成铁素体和碳化物,但是,由于碳化物含量比周围基体高,则在奥氏体中已热固溶的碳比铁素体多。在上述两种情况下,必须对热轧并冷却的钢进行回火或退火以产生完全铁素体组织。回火可以在低于ACl,α→γ相变温度,的约820℃的温度下进行,这会导致碳化物的析出。
对于目的在于利用磁性能的场合应用的铁素体不锈钢而言,铁素体组织通过限制碳化物的量获得,而且,正是出于这一原因,在该领域开发的铁素体不锈钢的碳含量低于0.02%。
磁性能能够利用的钢已为人所知,例如,在专利US5769974中,介绍了一种能够降低钢的矫顽磁场值的耐腐蚀铁素体钢的制备方法。该方法中使用的钢是再硫化处理的钢。硫降低冷变形性能。因此,该方法获得的钢难于用于冷锻件的生产。
专利US5091024也已为人所知,该专利中,给出了主要具有低碳和低硅,即分别低于0.03%和0.5%的组成的合金形成的耐腐蚀磁性元件。然而,在磁性领域,钢中含有较多的硅很重要,为的是提高材料的电阻和减小涡流。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有铁素体组织的不锈钢,该钢可以用于具有强磁性能的磁部件,并且还具有良好的冷锻性能和良好的机加工性能。
本发明的目标是一种可用于铁磁性部件的铁素体不锈钢,其特征在于该钢含有,以重量计:
0%<C≤0.030%
1%≤Si≤3%
0%<Mn≤0.5%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.5%
0%<Mo≤3%
N≤0.030%
Cu≤0.5%
Ti≤0.5%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥1×10-4%
O≥10×10-4%
S≤0.030%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和在钢的制备中不可避免的杂质。
本发明的其它特征是:
—以重量计的组成中还包括钙和氧,以使:
Ca>30×10-4%
O>70×10-4%
—钙与氧的含量比Ca/O为
0.2≤Ca/O≤0.6
—所述钢含有下述夹杂物:钙长石型和/或伪硅灰石型和/或钙铝黄长石型的含钙硅酸钙盐-铝酸盐(lime silico-aluminate);
—优选,所述钢含有,以重量计:
0%<C 0.015%
1%≤Si≤3%
0≤Mn≤0.4%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.2%
0.2%≤Mo≤2%
N≤0.015%
Cu≤0.2%
Ti≤0.2%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥30×10-4%
O≥70×10-4%
S≤0.003%
P≤0.030%
钢为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质:
—优选所述钢含有,以重量计:
0%<C≤0.015%
1%≤Si≤3%
0≤Mn≤0.4%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.2%
0.2%≤Mo≤2%
N≤0.015%
Cu≤0.2%
Ti≤0.2%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥30×10-4%
O≥70×10-4%
0.015≤S≤0.03%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质。
本发明也涉及铁素体钢的制备方法,其特征在于:在热轧和冷却后,将所述以重量计的组合物进行热退火处理,并且之后通过拉拔或延展成型来改变其横截面。
拉拔或延展成型后的钢随后可以进行附加的再结晶退火以完善部件的磁性能。
下面的描述以及唯一的附图均是以非限制性实施例的方式给出,但由此可以对本发明有一清晰的理解。
唯一的附图指的是给出了含钙铝硅酸盐的夹杂物的一般组成的三元相图。
本发明涉及具有下述一般组成的钢:
0%<C<0.030%
1%≤Si≤3%
0%<Mn≤0.5%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.5%
0%<Mo≤3%
N≤0.030%
Cu≤0.5%
Ti≤0.5%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥1×10-4%
O≥10×10-4%
S≤0.030%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质。
根据冶金学观点,钢的组成中含有的某些元素会促进具有体心立方结构的铁素体相的出现。这些元素称为α相形成元素(alphagenes),在这些元素中,铬和钼格外引入注目,其它称作γ相形成元素(ammagene)的元素促进具有面立方结构的γ-奥氏体相的出现。这些元素包括镍以及碳和氮。因此,必须减小这类元素的含量,正是出于这些原因,根据本发明的钢的组成中含有低于0.030%碳,低于0.5%镍和低于0.030%氮。
碳对于锻造性、腐蚀性和机加工性均有害。一般而言,在磁性能领域,必须减少碳析出相,因为它们会阻碍Bloch壁的运动。
对于组成中的其它元素而言,镍、锰和铜在工业生产的钢中只是残存元素并且是寻求加以降低并且甚至清除的元素。
钛和/或铌形成化合物,包括钛和/或铌的碳化物,这会阻碍铬的碳化物和氮化物的形成。因此,它们提高耐腐蚀性,特别是焊接件的耐腐蚀性。
硫需加以限制以使钢的冷锻造性能和磁性能最佳。
硅是提高钢的电阻以降低涡流的必需元素,而且还对耐腐蚀性有利。
根据本发明的钢也可以含有0.2%-3%钼,这是一种改善耐腐蚀性和促进铁素体形成的元素。
在所述钢的用途方面,铁素体不锈钢存在机加工性能不佳的问题。
这是因为铁素体钢的一个主要不足是其切屑的形态差。它们会产生非常难于碎断的长长的缠绕一起的切屑。在切屑受到限制的加工方法中,例如深钻孔或锯割,此不足会变得非常不利。
一个为缓解铁素体机加工问题提出的方法是将硫或者铅、碲或硒型元素加入钢的组成中,但这些元素或者使冷变形性能或耐腐蚀性,或者使磁性受到损害。所述铁素体钢通常含有对于切削工具具有磨损性的亚铬酸盐型(CrMn,AlTi)O,氧化铝(AlMg)O,硅酸盐(SiMn)O等硬夹杂物。
根据本发明,所述铁素体不锈钢也可以含有(以重量计)超过30×10-4%的钙和高于70×10-4%氧。
以可控且有目的方式引入的钙和氧满足关系式0.2≤Ca/O≤0.6,它能促进在铁素体钢中形成图1中所示出的钙型硅铝酸盐的可延展氧化物,图1是一种Al2O3;SiO2;CaO三元相图,所述可延展氧化物选自钙长石、钙铝黄长石和伪硅灰石三相点区。
钙和氧的存在结果会降低坚硬的磨料型的亚铬酸盐、氧化铝和硅酸盐型的夹杂物的形成。另一方面,石灰硅铝酪盐夹杂物的形成促进了切屑的破断并且改善了切削工具的服役寿命。
已发现:在具有铁素体组织的钢中引入钙基氧化物来取代已存在的硬氧化物,只能使铁素体钢的其它性能,如热变形性能,冷锻造性能、耐腐蚀性和磁性能发生极小改变。
结果是:根据本发明的具有铁素体组织的钢不含或者只含有极少量的硫,但其机加工性能够确保其在棒切削中进行工业应用,而同时又具有提高的耐腐蚀性。
铁素体钢中所谓可延展的氧化物的存在使其在拉拔和延展成型方面具有优越之处。
这是因为可延展的氧化物能够在轧制方向变形,而为它们所替代的硬氧化物却仍保持颗粒状。
在拉拔小直径的铁素体钢丝时,根据本发明选择的夹杂物结果会降低拉拔丝的破断率。
在另一个应用领域,例如抛光操作中,硬夹杂物在铁素体钢中固结成皮并在表面上产生发纹。
根据本发明的具有可延展夹杂物的铁素体钢的抛光容易得多,从而能够获得改善的抛光表面状态。
所述钢的制备过程为:电熔炼,之后,连续铸造形成钢锭。
然后,将钢锭进行热轧,形成例如机械线材或棒材。
退火是必需的,以对产品进行冷转变加工,例如拉拔和延展成型。
对所述钢进行附加的再结晶退火,以使磁性能得到恢复和完善。
然后,进行表面处理。
在一个应用实例中,标号为钢1和钢2的根据本发明的两种钢,以及两种参照钢A和B的组成均在下面的表1中给出。
表1
% | C | Cr | Si | Mo | Mn | P | N | S | Ni | Cu | Ti | Nb | Ca | O |
钢1 | 0.010 | 12.2 | 1.58 | 0.48 | 0.25 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.135 | 0.04 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.0048 | 0.009 |
钢2 | 0.011 | 11.9 | 1.47 | 0.49 | 0.22 | 0.015 | 0.007 | 0.029 | 0.126 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.0062 | 0.012 |
参照钢A | 0.015 | 17.4 | 1.25 | 0.35 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.006 |
参照钢B | 0.016 | 17.5 | 1.37 | 1.53 | 0.38 | 0.018 | 0.017 | 0.277 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.0017 | 0.007 |
这些钢已加工成10mm直径的棒材,所采用的方法如下:
—11mm的圆柱的热轧,
—退火,
—冷拔至直径10mm,
—最终退火,
—矫直和整平,
之后,对这些钢的磁性,机加工性、冷锻性和耐腐蚀性进行了评价。
根据本发明的钢的磁性能优于参照钢,如下面的表2所示。
表2
钢样 | 矫顽磁场Hc(A/m) |
钢1 | 109 |
钢2 | 115 |
参照钢A | 184 |
参照钢B | 177 |
这些特点与添加元素的低比例,特别是约12%的铬含量有关。
钢2尽管含有限的硫,但其进行棒车削时的机加工性能很好。这一点可由钙和氧的存在来解释。
钢1非常适合进行冷锻加工,原因是其硫含量很低。对已锻造的部件,能够正确地实施通过棒车削进行的最终机加工而不会出现任何特别问题。
由下述的表3可以看出,钢1和钢2虽然含铬量低,但表现出极佳的耐腐蚀性。对于钢1,这是由于硫含量低,对于钢2,则是由于硫含量有限再加之锰含量低。
表3
23℃下,0.02M的NaCl中的腐蚀剥落电位 | 23℃下,2M的H2SO4中的腐蚀性 | |
钢1 | 220mV/ECS | 10mA/cm2 |
钢2 | 215mV/ECS | 11mA/cm2 |
参照钢A | 205mV/ECS | 24mA/cm2 |
参照钢B | 330mV/ECS | 6mA/cm2 |
根据本发明的钢尤其可用于制造铁磁部件,列如,电磁阀部件,直接燃油喷射系统的喷嘴,汽车中的中央门锁以及任何要求磁芯或感应器型部件的场合,所述钢可以以薄片形式用于变流器或磁屏蔽中。
Claims (7)
1.可用作电磁部件的铁素体不锈钢,其特征在于它含有,以重量计:
0%<C≤0.030%
1%≤Si≤3%
0%<Mn≤0.5%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.5%
0%<Mo≤3%
N≤0.030%
Cu≤0.5%
0<Ti≤0.5%
0<Nb≤1%
1ppm≤Ca≤62ppm
10ppm≤O≤120ppm
S≤0.030%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质,并且钙含量与氧含量之比Ca/O为:0.2≤Ca/O≤0.6。
2.根据权利要求1的钢,其特征在于所述组成中也包括钙和氧,以重量计,即:
Ca>30ppm
O>70ppm。
3.根据权利要求1的钢,其特征在于它包含钙长石型和/或伪硅灰石型和/或钙铝黄长石型的含钙硅铝酸盐夹杂物。
4.根据权利要求1的钢,其特征在于它含有,以重量计:
C≤0.012%
1%≤Si≤3%
0≤Mn≤0.4%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.2%
0.2%≤Mo≤2%
N≤0.015%
Cu≤0.2%
Ti≤0.2%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥30ppm
O≥70ppm
S≤0.003%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和生产中不可避免的杂质。
5.根据权利要求1的钢,其特征在于它含有,以重量计:
0%<C≤0.012%
1%≤Si≤3%
0≤Mn≤0.4%
10%≤Cr≤13%
0%<Ni≤0.2%
0.2%≤Mo≤2%
N≤0.015%
Cu≤0.2%
Ti≤0.2%
Nb≤1%
Ca≥30ppm
O≥70ppm
0.015≤S≤0.03%
P≤0.030%
余者为铁和钢生产中不可避免的杂质。
6.根据权利要求1-4中之一项的铁素体钢的生产方法,其特征在于:在热轧并冷却后,对所述钢进行退火热处理,并且之后,通过拉拔或延展成型来改变其横截面。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其特征在于:已拉拔或延展成型的钢随后可以进行附加的再结晶退火,以使部件的机械性能得到完善。
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FR0009152A FR2811683B1 (fr) | 2000-07-12 | 2000-07-12 | Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour des pieces ferromagnetiques |
FR00/09152 | 2000-07-12 |
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US (2) | US6821358B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1299569B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2004502867A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20020029408A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1202275C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE269426T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU7263501A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR0106950A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2384754A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60103899T2 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2811683B1 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA02002629A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2002004689A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200201897B (zh) |
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WO2023017199A1 (es) | 2021-08-10 | 2023-02-16 | Advanced Thermal Devices S.L. | Cátodo basado en el material c12a7:e "electride" para la emisión termiónica de electrones y procedimiento para el empleo del mismo |
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US9943847B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2018-04-17 | Cytonome/St, Llc | Microfluidic system including a bubble valve for regulating fluid flow through a microchannel |
JP4519543B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-01 | 2010-08-04 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | 耐食性,冷間加工性および靱性に優れる磁性を有する安価ステンレス鋼線及びその製造方法 |
US9260693B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2016-02-16 | Cytonome/St, Llc | Actuation of parallel microfluidic arrays |
EP2211099A1 (en) * | 2009-01-21 | 2010-07-28 | José Luis Flores Torre | Use of chromium-based stainless steel for manufacturing a domestic use and manual opening magnetic unit actuated by thermocouple or equvalent element |
WO2013072124A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | Nv Bekaert Sa | Steel wire for magnetic field absorption |
EP2886890B1 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2019-06-26 | Skf Magnetic Mechatronics | Thrust disc, magnetic bearing and apparatus |
DE202014004267U1 (de) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-07-04 | Few Fahrzeugelektrikwerk Gmbh & Co. Kg | Elektrisches Anschlusselement zum Befestigen, insbesondere Auflöten auf eine Glasscheibe sowie Bandlitzenmischgeflecht |
FR3047254B1 (fr) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-02-16 | Vallourec Tubes France | Composition d'aciers aux proprietes anti-cokage ameliorees |
JP6574739B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-05 | 2019-09-11 | 秋山精鋼株式会社 | フェライト系ステンレス鋼棒材の保磁力調整方法 |
JP6912369B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-08-04 | 日鉄ステンレス株式会社 | 耐銹性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 |
KR102279909B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-07-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | 고투자율 페라이트계 스테인리스강 |
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JPS55138057A (en) * | 1979-04-12 | 1980-10-28 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Stainless steel for cold header |
JP3312401B2 (ja) * | 1992-11-04 | 2002-08-05 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | カルシウム快削ステンレス鋼 |
FR2706489B1 (fr) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-09-01 | Ugine Savoie Sa | Acier inoxydable martensitique à usinabilité améliorée. |
FR2720410B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-31 | 1996-06-28 | Ugine Savoie Sa | Acier inoxydable ferritique à usinabilité améliorée. |
JP3116156B2 (ja) * | 1994-06-16 | 2000-12-11 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 耐食性および溶接性に優れた鋼管の製造方法 |
US5851316A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1998-12-22 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Ferrite stainless steel sheet having less planar anisotropy and excellent anti-ridging characteristics and process for producing same |
FR2740783B1 (fr) * | 1995-11-03 | 1998-03-06 | Ugine Savoie Sa | Acier inoxydable ferritique utilisable pour la production de laine d'acier |
US5769974A (en) * | 1997-02-03 | 1998-06-23 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Process for improving magnetic performance in a free-machining ferritic stainless steel |
TW452599B (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 2001-09-01 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Ferritic stainless steel plate excellent in deep drawability and anti-ridging property and production method thereof |
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2000
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MXPA02002629A (es) | 2002-07-30 |
FR2811683A1 (fr) | 2002-01-18 |
ATE269426T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
ZA200201897B (en) | 2003-03-07 |
DE60103899D1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
US20020129873A1 (en) | 2002-09-19 |
JP2004502867A (ja) | 2004-01-29 |
EP1299569B1 (fr) | 2004-06-16 |
WO2002004689A1 (fr) | 2002-01-17 |
BR0106950A (pt) | 2002-05-21 |
US6821358B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 |
AU7263501A (en) | 2002-01-21 |
US20050279425A1 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
DE60103899T2 (de) | 2005-06-30 |
CA2384754A1 (fr) | 2002-01-17 |
FR2811683B1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
KR20020029408A (ko) | 2002-04-18 |
EP1299569A1 (fr) | 2003-04-09 |
CN1386144A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
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