CN1201146C - 一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器 - Google Patents

一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器 Download PDF

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CN1201146C
CN1201146C CN 02138805 CN02138805A CN1201146C CN 1201146 C CN1201146 C CN 1201146C CN 02138805 CN02138805 CN 02138805 CN 02138805 A CN02138805 A CN 02138805A CN 1201146 C CN1201146 C CN 1201146C
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胡胜水
吴康兵
孙延一
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Wuhan University WHU
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器,包括玻碳电极,玻碳电极的表面涂覆有碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion敏感膜,本发明以阳离子交换聚合物Nafion为分散剂,可以很容易地将性质十分稳定的碳纳米管分散在乙醇中,以该分散液涂覆在玻碳电极表面制得的敏感膜与玻碳电极构成的电化学传感器测定多巴胺不仅选择性和灵敏度高,而且在高浓度抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下,仍对低浓度的多巴胺有选择性响应。

Description

一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器。
背景技术
多巴胺是人体内一种重要的神经传递物质,它参与许多生命过程,研究表明帕金森氏病(Parkinson′s disease)的发生与体内多巴胺的浓度息息相关。由此可见检测体内多巴胺的水平有十分重要的意义。电分析化学由于具有灵敏度高、选择性好、响应时间短、所需仪器设备价格低廉等优点而广泛用于生命物质的直接电化学检测。但是在人体内共存的高浓度抗坏血酸(AA)和尿酸(UA)等物质的电化学性质与多巴胺极其相似,用一般电化学方法测定多巴胺时它们会产生不可抗拒的影响。开发出高灵敏度(用于体内痕量多巴胺的检测)、高选择性(防止体内共存物质尤其是抗坏血酸和尿酸对多巴胺的干扰)测定多巴胺的电化学传感器引起了人们的研究兴趣。
碳纳米管是一种新型的纳米材料,具有独特的力学、电子特性及化学稳定性。它可以认为是将石墨层折叠成碳圆柱体的结果,分为多层碳纳米管(MWNT)和单层碳纳米管(SWNT)。依据其原子结构不同,碳纳米管将表现为金属或半导体,这种独特的电子特性将使它有望成为新型传感器器件。由于碳纳米管性质十分稳定,不溶于水及一般的有机溶剂,将其直接用于制备电化学传感器十分困难。
发明内容
本发明就是针对上述问题提供一种高灵敏度、高选择性测定多巴胺的电化学传感器。
本发明提供的技术方案是:一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器,包括玻碳电极,玻碳电极的表面涂覆有敏感膜,敏感膜由下法得到:将碳纳米管和阳离子交换聚合物Nafion加入无水乙醇中,使每百毫升碳纳米管、阳离子交换聚合物Nafion和无水乙醇的混合液含碳纳米管0.1~15克、含阳离子交换聚合物Nafion 0.01~5克,然后超声分散直至得到均一的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液,将碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液除覆在玻碳电极表面,低温(10~35℃)蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
Nafion是阳离子交换剂的典型代表。由于Nafion非常稳定,不溶于水,而且在适当条件下可溶于有机溶剂,因此能浇铸在电极表面形成修饰膜。自Nafion首次被用为离子交换剂以来,研究进展很快,应用也十分广泛。Nafion是一种含电离基团的全氟化聚合物,其磺酸基伸出聚合物骨架之外,结构式如下:
Figure C0213880500041
由结构式可见,在Nafion中分为憎水畴和亲水畴两个部分,前者相当于聚四氟乙烯的氟碳骨架,后者相当于离子化的磺酸基,它就是Nafion起离子交换作用的基团。Nafion化学稳定性高,耐热性好,而且对有机阳离子,特别是那些大的有机阳离子的交换选择系数特别高。
涂覆在玻碳电极表面的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液的用量为1~30μL。
本发明以阳离子交换聚合物Nafion为分散剂,可以很容易地将性质十分稳定的碳纳米管分散在乙醇中,以该分散液涂覆在玻碳电极表面制得的敏感膜与玻碳电极构成的电化学传感器测定多巴胺不仅选择性和灵敏度高,而且在高浓度抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下,仍对低浓度的多巴胺有选择性响应。
附图说明
图1为本发明电化学传感器的结构示意图:
图2为本发明对多巴胺的选择性响应图;
图3为不同浓度抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下,本发明对多巴胺的响应图。
具体实施方式
参见图1,本发明的电化学传感器包括玻碳电极1,玻碳电极1由玻碳基底3、与玻碳基底3电连接的电极引线4和绝缘层5构成,玻碳基底3表面涂覆有敏感膜2。敏感膜2由下法得到:将碳纳米管和阳离子交换聚合物Nafion(美国杜邦公司出品)加入无水乙醇中,使得每百毫升混合液中含碳纳米管0.1~15克、含阳离子交换聚合物Nafion 0.01~5克,然后超声分散直至得到均一、浅黑色的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液,将碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液涂覆在玻碳电极表面,低温(10~35℃)蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
涂覆在玻碳电极表面的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液的用量为1~30μL。
在一定的pH生理缓冲溶液中,抗坏血酸和尿酸等物质与多巴胺所带的电荷正好相反。用离子选择性膜可以选择性地让多巴胺到达传感器的敏感单元,而与多巴胺电荷带相反电荷的抗坏血酸和尿酸等物质被离子选择性膜排斥,不能到达传感器的敏感单元,从而避免干扰。
本发明的传感器主要由碳电极组成,可以很好地与肌体相容。
本发明将碳纳米管对多巴胺的催化特性和离子聚合物膜对多巴胺的选择性富集作用有机地结合起来,实现了多巴胺的高灵敏度测定,检测限为2.5×10-9mol/L。测定多巴胺的条件:测定介质0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(Ph5.5);富集时间3分钟。测定方法:1.循环伏安法,电位扫描范围0~0.5V,扫描速度100mV/s。2.微分脉冲溶出伏安法测定参数:脉冲振幅0.05V;脉冲持续时间40ms;扫描速度50mV/s。
图2为抗坏血酸、尿酸和多巴胺(浓度均为5×10-5mol/L)在pH5.5磷酸缓冲溶液中的循环伏安图。扫描速度100mV/s,由图可知,本发明只对多巴胺有响应。
在图3中,曲线a为1×10-5mol/L多巴胺的微分脉冲伏安图;曲线b为1×10-5mol/L多巴胺在1×10-3mol/L的抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下的微分脉冲伏安图;曲线c为1×10-5mol/L多巴胺在1×10-3mol/L的尿酸和5×10-3mol/L的抗坏血酸存在下的微分脉冲伏安图。从该图中可知在大量抗坏血酸和尿酸存在下,本发明仍对多巴胺有选择性的响应。

Claims (2)

1.一种测定多巴胺的电化学传感器,包括玻碳电极,其特征是:玻碳电极的表面涂覆有敏感膜,敏感膜由下法得到:将碳纳米管和阳离子交换聚合物Nafion加入无水乙醇中,使每百毫升碳纳米管、阳离子交换聚合物Nafion和无水乙醇的混合液含碳纳米管0.1~15克、含阳离子交换聚合物Nafion 0.01~5克,然后超声分散直至得到均一的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液,将碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液涂覆在玻碳电极表面,10~35℃蒸发溶剂得到敏感膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电化学传感器,其特征是:涂覆在玻碳电极表面的碳纳米管-阳离子交换聚合物Nafion分散液的用量为1~30μL。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN101634038B (zh) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-30 南京大学 一种导电共聚物碳纳米管复合物修饰的玻碳电极、其制备及去除水体高氯酸根的方法
EP4008808A1 (en) 2020-12-02 2022-06-08 University of Wroclaw Method of obtaining a sensor with a subnanomolar detection limit for determination of dopamine levels, especially in urine

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