CN1197492C - 一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1197492C CN1197492C CN 03148807 CN03148807A CN1197492C CN 1197492 C CN1197492 C CN 1197492C CN 03148807 CN03148807 CN 03148807 CN 03148807 A CN03148807 A CN 03148807A CN 1197492 C CN1197492 C CN 1197492C
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能有效清除卷烟烟气有害组分的过滤嘴。它由嘴棒成型纸、醋酸纤维丝束构成，其特征是：醋酸纤维丝束当中还含有褪黑激素和姜黄素。其制备方法是首先将褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶解在95%的医用乙醇中，混合均匀，制成溶液，然后将所说的含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液加入到嘴棒醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型时所使用的粘结剂三甘醇二乙酸酯中，搅拌均匀，接着在滤嘴棒成型机上进行醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型的工序，制成滤嘴。制备的过滤嘴对于烟气中的自由基的清除率为17.27%-47.92%，对于稠环芳烃苯并[a]芘的降低率可达到50.16%-88.14%，具有比较理想的清除功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及降低卷烟有害成分的技术，特别涉及一种能有效清除卷烟烟气有害组分的过滤嘴。
背景技术
烟草主要是由碳水化合物(占40％-50％)羧酸、色素、萜烯类物质、链烷烃、类脂物质等组成，同时还有一些生长过程中必需的营养物(如硝酸盐等)以及某些污染物(如农药、重要金属元素等)。烟草与别的植物不同点是其所含的萜烯类物质比较丰富，即通常所说的“蜡质”或“尼古丁”。
卷烟燃烧涉及一系列的热分解与热合成的化学反应，该过程存在有机成分的不完全燃烧及干馏作用，所产生的烟气中约有四千种化合物，其中烟草本身燃烧产生的化合物就达2740种左右。迄今为止，烟气中已经有大量的成分被鉴定是有害的，目前已经查明的致癌物质就有40多种。如苯、2-萘胺、4-氨基联苯、钋-210、醛、肼、挥发性亚硝胺、烟草特有亚硝胺、N-亚硝基吡啶、苯并[a]芘、N-亚硝基二乙醇胺以及镉、苯并[a]蒽、丁内酯等都是可能致癌的物质。另外，卷烟燃烧产生的烟气中还含有尼古丁(烟碱)、烟焦油、一氧化碳、氢氰酸、多环芳烃化合物、自由基等一系列有毒或致突变物质。
香烟中的苯并[a]芘被吸烟者直接吸入体内，其浓度相当高。燃烧一包香烟，可产生0.24-0.28微克的苯并[a]芘。据调查表明，空气中的苯并[a]芘含量每增加1微克/1000米3，就会使肺癌发病率增加5-15％；尼古丁是一种难闻、味苦、无色透明的油质液体，挥发性强，在空气中极易氧化成暗灰色，能迅速溶于水及酒精中，通过口鼻支气管粘膜很容易被机体吸收，引发气管炎，毒害脑细胞，可使吸烟者出现中枢神经系统症状，尼古丁可促进癌的形成，尼古丁可造成血压升高，心跳加快，甚至心律不齐并诱发心脏病；每支卷烟燃烧时可产生一氧化碳20-30毫克。一氧化碳与血红蛋白的亲和力比氧高250倍。人们吸入较多的一氧化碳时，一氧化碳与血红蛋白结合形成大量的碳合血红蛋白，造成组织和器官缺氧，使大脑、心脏等多种器官产生损伤；卷烟焦油可附着于吸烟者的气管、支气管和肺泡表面，产生物理、化学刺激，损害人体的呼吸功能，烟焦油含多种致癌物和促癌物；卷烟烟雾中含钋-210放射性元素，吸烟时可被吸入肺内并沉积在体内，它们不断放出射线，长期损伤肺组织。一个每天吸20支烟的人，1年吸入的放射性元素的辐射量，相当于吸烟者1年拍了300张X线胸片；烟草中含砷、汞、镉、镍等有害物质，以镉为例，镉蓄积体内，可引起哮喘、肺气肿。
卷烟烟气中的自由基又称游离基，一般是指化合物分子中的共价键在光、热、高能射线辐射作用下，或体内代谢物被均裂为含有未配对价电子(即具有奇数电子)的原子、原子团、分子或离子，习惯上称之为孤电子体系。自由基由于具有不成对电子，所以化学性质比较活泼，易与其它物质发生反应(如二聚反应、夺氢反应、歧化反应、加成反应、碎裂反应、电子转移反应或氧化反应等)。卷烟烟气中的自由基可分成两类，一类是可以被剑桥滤片截留的、富集在焦油中的自由基，称为粒相自由基，如醌/半醌自由基、多环芳烃自由基、石墨碳和磷自由基，它们分子量较大，稳定性稍高，可用电子自旋共振波谱仪(ESR)直接观察到。另一类就是不能被剑桥滤片截留的自由基，称为气相自由基，如烷类自由基和烷氧自由基、氧自由基等，它们重量小、稳定性差，不能用ESR直接观察，必须将它们用自旋捕集技术捕获后转化成比较稳定的、能用ESR检测的自旋化合物。卷烟烟气中的自由基是在卷烟燃吸时因烟丝不完全燃烧、干馏和光解、热裂解以及一系列氧化还原过程而产生的。如：对苯醌热解或加氢—→半醌自由基；H氧化型辅酶Q热解或加氢—→H辅酶Q半醌自由基。
卷烟烟气中的自由基大多是对人体有害的，这些化学组分能够引起脂类的过氧化、蛋白质氧化、遗传物质DNA损害，导致许多退化性的疾病如肺气肿、心血管疾病、心肌梗塞、癌症、白内障等。
吸烟的危害，尽人皆知。全世界每年因吸烟死亡达250万人之多，烟是人类第一杀手。有资料表明，长期吸烟者的肺癌发病率比不吸烟者高10-20倍，喉癌发病率高6-10倍，冠心病发病率高2-3倍。循环系统发病率高3倍，气管炎发病率高2-8倍。吸烟对女性有特殊危险，吸烟的妇女如果正使用口服避孕药，会增加心脏疾病发作和下肢静脉血栓形成的机会；吸烟孕妇的胎儿易发生早产和体重不足，婴幼儿期免疫功能降低，容易生病；据统计，孕妇被动吸烟的婴儿致畸率明显增高。吸烟是导致心、脑血管疾病恶化的主要原因。吸烟者还易患胃、十二指肠溃疡和神经衰弱等疾病。
世界上有三分之一的人口是烟民，卷烟烟气的危害涉及到公众健康问题。防止危害的最好办法就是停止吸烟。然而，吸烟是非常有瘾的，大部分人很难将其戒掉。因此，人们高度渴望去发现能防止卷烟烟气危害的方法，如何将这些物质对人体健康的危害减至最小，不仅是烟草行业的重大研究课题，而且也为广大消费者所关注。
卷烟烟支接装过滤嘴是烟草吸食品降焦减害的重要措施。围绕这一主题，科技人员作了大量研究工作，例如在滤嘴中添加具有多孔结构的吸附剂，包括活性炭、海泡石、蒙脱石、麦饭石、硅胶、羟磷灰石、有机硅、合成云母、血红素、阴离子和阳离子交换树脂，另外，还有茶叶、咖啡、地衣、卟啉及类似的络合物也被用作吸附剂；又如通过在嘴棒中添加抗氧化剂选择性地去除烟气中自由基的工作，所选的抗氧化剂包括谷胱甘肽、维生素C及其衍生物、含硒氨基酸(如硒蛋氨酸或硒半胱氨酸)、含硫氨基酸(如L-半胱氨酸、L-氨基乙磺酸、L-甲硫氨酸、α-生育酚、维生素E、维生素A和锌盐)、茶多酚、原花青素等。前人的这些工作，都在一定程度上改善了卷烟过滤嘴的过滤效果，但是，还有待于进一步提高滤嘴的过滤和解毒功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能有效去除卷烟烟气中自由基和稠环芳烃的卷烟过滤嘴及其制备方法。
本发明所述的一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴，由嘴棒成型纸、醋酸纤维丝束构成，其特征在于：醋酸纤维丝束当中还含有褪黑激素和姜黄素，所述的褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，姜黄素的含量按重量百分比为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％。
本发明所述的降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴的制备方法，其特征在于：首先将褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶解在95％的医用乙醇中，混合均匀，制成溶液，加入到醋酸纤维丝束中，控制所述乙醇溶液中的褪黑激素的比例，使卷烟滤嘴中褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，使卷烟滤嘴中姜黄素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％，接着在滤嘴棒成型机上进行醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型的工序，制成滤嘴。
所述的加入到醋酸纤维丝束中加入的褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶液是将上述的含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液均匀地喷洒到松开的醋酸纤维丝束上，干燥之后，在嘴棒成型机上制成滤嘴。
所述的加入到醋酸纤维丝束中加入的褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶液是将所说的含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液加入到嘴棒醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型时所使用的粘结剂三甘醇二乙酸酯中，搅拌均匀。由嘴棒成型纸、醋酸纤维丝束构成，其特征在于：醋酸纤维丝束当中还含有褪黑激素和姜黄素。褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，姜黄素的含量按重量百分比为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％。
本发明的能有效去除香烟烟气中自由基和稠环芳烃的卷烟过滤嘴，所使用的自由基清除剂为褪黑激素(Melatonin)，褪黑激素是目前已知的抗氧化性最强的物质，它主要是由哺乳动物和人类的松果腺体产生的一种吲哚类激素。褪黑激素的分子式为C13N2H16O2，分子量232.27，熔点116℃～118℃，化学名称为N-乙酰基-5-甲氧基色胺(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)。在美国，褪黑激素象维生素一样，作为常用的保健食品。褪黑激素可以清除人体内新陈代谢产生的自由基，抑制脂质的过氧化反应保护细胞结构、防止DNA损伤，还能降低体内过氧化物的含量。研究发现，褪黑激素对黄樟素(一种通过释放自由基而损伤DNA的致癌物)引起DNA损伤的保护作用可达到99％。褪黑激素对外源性毒物(如百草枯)引起的过氧化以及自由基所造成的组织损伤有明显的拮抗作用。现今，已能够人工合成褪黑激素，并投入商业化和工业化生产。
本发明能有效去除香烟烟气中自由基和稠环芳烃的卷烟过滤嘴，所使用的稠环芳烃的中和剂为姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物，其主要成分为姜黄素，分子式为[CH3OC6H3(OH)CH:CHCO]2CH2，是一种有效的抗突变剂，可预防细胞突变及抑制肿瘤细胞各阶段之发展，为癌症防治药物，由于其特殊的结构，它还具有捕捉自由基、抗氧化功能。
姜黄素是在中药姜黄中提取的有效成分，姜黄是一种姜科植物(curcuminlonga)，在印度的印欧民族文化中被广泛的应用，最早被人类使用作为着色剂。后来逐渐发现其有许多特殊的功能，且在长久人类利用的历史上都无任何副作用。一般采用常规的溶剂萃取法，以乙醇作为溶剂从中药姜黄中萃取姜黄素，这种方法除了产品纯度不高，易残留有害物质之外，最致命的弊端是有效成分易于遭到破坏，使其抗诱导、抗突变的活性大大降低。本发明采用二氧化碳超临界萃取工艺，由于操作温度低，且系统密闭，可大量保存对热不稳定及易氧化的挥发性成分，避免了上述缺点；另外，二氧化碳在温度高于临界温度Tc＝31.26℃、压力高于临界压力Pc＝7.2MPa的状态下，性质会发生变化，其密度近于液体，粘度近于气体，扩散系数为液体的100倍，溶解能力强，萃取的物质纯度较高。
采用二氧化碳超临界提取的姜黄萃取混合物，含有姜黄素、姜黄油和蛋白质抗氧化剂。每25-33公斤的姜黄，通过二氧化碳超临界流体萃取，可得萃取混合物1公斤，其中姜黄素的重量百分含量在31.79％-46.28％范围内。
根据我们研究小组的多次试验，在嘴棒的醋酸纤维丝束中加入的褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，姜黄素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％，所制备的过滤嘴对于烟气中的自由基的清除率为17.27％-47.92％，对于稠环芳烃苯并[a]芘的降低率可达到50.16％-88.14％，具有比较理想的清除功效。
具体实施方式
发明人通过以下的实施例来进一步阐述本发明技术，但下面的实施例意在说明本发明，而不构成本专利的限制。
实施例1
将一定量的褪黑激素与姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物加入到95％的医用乙醇中，充分搅拌，得到均一的溶液。然后将含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液加入到嘴棒醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型时所使用的粘结剂三甘醇二乙酸酯中，搅拌均匀，接着在滤嘴棒成型机上进行醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型的工序，制成滤嘴，并将其接装到红塔山牌烟支上得到带过滤嘴的烟支。该烟支的滤嘴棒中褪黑激素和姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物的重量分别为醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％和0.05％。
以普通的红塔山牌过滤嘴烟支作对照样，使用带有捕集装置的电子自旋共振波谱仪(ESR)测试烟气中的气相自由基的信号峰峰强度，实验30次，对照样品烟气中的气相自由基信号峰峰高单位平均值为49.8，滤嘴棒中含有褪黑激素和姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物的卷烟烟支烟气中的气相自由基信号峰峰强度平均值为41.2，测试样品的自由基清除率为17.27％。详细结果见下表。
| 项目 | 对照样品检测值 | 本发明样品检测值 | 清除率(％) |
| 气相自由基 | 49.8峰高单位/支 | 41.2峰高单位/支 | 17.27 |
| 苯并[a]芘 | 11.21纳克/支 | 1.33纳克/支 | 88.14 |
| 苯并[e]芘 | 9.43纳克/支 | 1.26纳克/支 | 86.64 |
| 苯并[a]蒽 | 14.28纳克/支 | 4.49纳克/支 | 68.56 |
实施例2
将重量分别为醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.003％和0.02％的褪黑激素与姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物加入到95％的医用乙醇中，充分搅拌，得到均一的溶液。然后将含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液均匀喷洒到醋酸纤维丝束上，烘干之后，再在滤嘴棒成型机上进行醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型的工序，制成滤嘴，并将其接装到红塔山牌烟支上得到带过滤嘴的烟支。
以普通的红塔山牌过滤嘴烟支作对照样，使用带有捕集装置的电子自旋共振波谱仪(ESR)测试烟气中的气相自由基的信号峰峰强度，实验30次，对照样品烟气中的气相自由基信号峰峰高单位平均值为46.1，滤嘴棒中含有褪黑激素和姜黄的二氧化碳超临界萃取物的卷烟烟支烟气中的气相自由基信号峰峰强度平均值为46.1，测试样品的自由基清除率为47.92％。详细结果见下表。
| 项目 | 对照样品检测值 | 本发明样品检测值 | 清除率(％) |
| 气相自由基 | 46.1峰高单位/支 | 22.5峰高单位/支 | 47.92 |
| 苯并[a]芘 | 9.85纳克/支 | 4.91纳克/支 | 50.16 |
| 苯并[e]芘 | 10.68纳克/支 | 3.57纳克/支 | 66.58 |
| 苯并[a]蒽 | 15.74纳克/支 | 11.49纳克/支 | 27.01 |
Claims (4)
1、一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴，由嘴棒成型纸、醋酸纤维丝束构成，其特征在于：醋酸纤维丝束当中还含有褪黑激素和姜黄素，所述的褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，姜黄素的含量按重量百分比为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％。
2、一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴的制备方法，其特征在于：首先将褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶解在95％的医用乙醇中，混合均匀，制成溶液，加入到醋酸纤维丝束中，控制所述乙醇溶液中的褪黑激素的比例，使卷烟滤嘴中褪黑激素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.01％，使卷烟滤嘴中姜黄素的含量按重量比计为该过滤嘴的醋酸纤维丝束重量的0.001％-0.05％，接着在滤嘴棒成型机上进行醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型的工序，制成滤嘴。
3、根据权利要求2所述的一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴的制备方法，其特征在于加入到醋酸纤维丝束中加入的褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶液是将上述的含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液均匀地喷洒到松开的醋酸纤维丝束上，干燥之后，在嘴棒成型机上制成滤嘴。
4、根据权利要求2所述的一种降低卷烟有害物质的过滤嘴的制备方法，其特征在于加入到醋酸纤维丝束中加入的褪黑激素和姜黄素的混合物溶液是将所说的含有褪黑激素和姜黄素的乙醇溶液加入到嘴棒醋酸纤维丝束捆扎成型时所使用的粘结剂三甘醇二乙酸酯中，搅拌均匀。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102100410A (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-06-22 | 张锐 | 降焦油、止咳、保健用香烟过滤剂 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1301077C (zh) * | 2005-01-21 | 2007-02-21 | 长沙卷烟厂 | 一种有效降低卷烟烟气气相自由基的复合卷烟滤嘴及其制备方法 |
| CN101858042A (zh) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-13 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 选择性降低烟气中苯酚等有害物卷烟成形纸功能涂料 |
| CN103601672B (zh) * | 2013-11-04 | 2016-08-17 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种类姜黄素及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN104208059A (zh) * | 2014-09-05 | 2014-12-17 | 中国医学科学院北京协和医院 | 褪黑素在制备保护吸烟引起血管损伤药物中的应用 |
| CN104473329A (zh) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-01 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | 一种降低卷烟烟气中苯酚和巴豆醛的硅胶材料的应用 |
| CN104432506B (zh) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-08-29 | 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种能降低主流烟气中苯酚含量的卷烟滤棒添加剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN104705784B (zh) * | 2015-01-21 | 2019-02-01 | 北京世健联合医学科学研究院（普通合伙） | 减害香烟滤棒填充物、减害香烟混合滤棒及制备方法 |
| CN113073128A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-06 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种检测滤棒抑菌效果的方法 |
| CN113481756B (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-12-23 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 一种自由基清除组合剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN113475749A (zh) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-08 | 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 | 可降低烟气气相自由基的滤棒、烟用丝束及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102100410A (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2011-06-22 | 张锐 | 降焦油、止咳、保健用香烟过滤剂 |
| CN102100410B (zh) * | 2010-09-15 | 2013-02-06 | 张锐 | 降焦油、止咳、保健用香烟过滤剂 |
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