CN1194669C - Nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a ruminant trace element supplementary feeding technology and the field of a rumen slow release technology, which relates to a heat treatment method for a slow release material and a bullet molding technology. The formula components of the nutrient slow release bullet has the weight percentages that 0.02 to 0.06% of cobalt, 1.9 to 6.0% of copper, 0.02 to 0.3% of iodine, 8.25 to 30% of iron, 5 to 13% of manganese, 0.02 to 0.06% of selenium, 5 to 18% of zinc, and excipient which is used as the rest amount. 20 to 30% of the mixture of trace elements with the compounding ratios is taken, and 20 to 30% of excipient beewax, 20 to 30% of sodium stearate and 30 to 40% of red clay are added into the mixture. Reasonable formula is realized according to prescriptions of different livestock kinds. A livestock slow release bullet for ruminant is formed by grinding, mixing, heating, melting, casting and shaping in a bullet die. The present invention has the purposes of reducing the generation of livestock nutrient metabolic diseases by feeding nutrient slow release bullets to pasture livestock, and improving the yield efficiency of pasture animal husbandry. The present invention is a high efficient and low-priced supplementary feeding product which is invented by aiming at serious contradiction of livestock in pastoral areas. The present invention has good economic and social benefit.

Description

Nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant

Affiliated technical field: the invention belongs to ruminant trace element supplementary feeding technology and cud slow release method field, the present invention relates to slow-release material heat treatment and bullet forming technique.

Prior art: controlled-release technology originates from nineteen twenty-seven the earliest.A.B.Roberts sprays exsiccant flavoring agent natural gum on " Drydex " pill, form one deck coating on pill, has produced controlled-release technology thus.To the late period forties 20th century and the fifties early stage, controlled release system, especially chemical micro-embedded notion begins to cause the great interest of people.At the initial period of controlled release system development, nearly all product from the adhesive to the vitamin, all is made into micro-embedded preparation.Certainly, most of product does not obtain the coml success.Arrived the mid-50, the carbonless paper technology of being invented by Natlonal Cash Register Co. company makes chemical investment obtain the coml success first.The progress in in-situ polymerization field has caused the appearance of polymer embedding techniques, and such as microsphere and fat body, they are representing the newest fruits of slow release method.These slow release methods mainly are applied to pharmaceutical sector the earliest, are applied to herding and veterinary in recent years gradually.Along with the discovery of resistance to enzymolysis polymer new material, the herding worker constantly develops cheap slow-release material.Mc Dowell usefulness degradable glass such as (1986) is carrier, mineral is melted the people wherein, produce cud soluble glass bullet, give the ruminant trace element supplement with this, recently, F.B.Castro etc. (1998) do carrier with lignin and have developed control release urea, provide sufficient, cheap nitrogenous source with this to ruminant domestic animal.As seen, the application of cud slow release method in the work of pasture animal husbandry supplementary feeding is the thing of nearly more than ten years.The common feature of these nutrition slow-release products is to rely on slow-release material to control the rate of release of nutrient substance in cud, but their common drawback is a supplementary feeding cost height, is not suitable for the practical situation of China's pasture animal husbandry supplementary feeding work.On the basis that forefathers' result of study is summed up, we have studied several slow release reagent and several excipient emphatically, carry out rational formula by different prescriptions, bullet-die by grind, mixing, heating and melting, cast molding, become livestock nutrition slow release bullet.The used slow-release material of this bullet is cheap, through the experiment of cud degradation rate, has determined its elution profiles.Prove that it has stable sustained release performance.This invention has the extremely strong ability that is converted into actual productivity, will be for alleviating grass poultry contradiction, and improving the pasture animal husbandry output efficiency provides technical support.

The purpose of invention: slow release method is at first used the doctor with the people, in the hope of discharging the active ingredient of medicine longer.Originally the making of veterinary medicine is that the effective ingredient with medicine mixes with carrier, becomes tablet or bullet through high-pressure extrusion, although this processing method cost is low, product does not possess sustained release performance basically.Yet, the veterinary work person needs medicine to be in to discharge active ingredient muchly in the carcass sometimes, especially anti-parasite medicine, through development for many years, external veterinary scientific research personnel has used chemical micro-embedded method and microsphere and fat body technique to produce slow releasing pharmaceutical in succession.Aspect animal husbandry, the work of pasture animal husbandry supplementary feeding, especially the supplementary feeding of trace element has become requisite task of current animal husbandry developed country's pasture animal husbandry.Originally supplementary feeding product becomes the leading supplementary feeding product of external pasture animal husbandry as various forms of lick block contained.But domestic animal is wayward to its dosage of searching for food, some product also is subject to wind, deliquescence, effect and causing damage such as drench with rain, strengthen the supplementary feeding cost, reduce supplementary feeding efficient (seeing mineral nutritionof ruminants 1997), so people have expected the cud slow release method, according to slow release speed and the domestic animal concentration of nutraceutical requirement being determined supplementary feeding product compositions of slow-release material in cud.But the last used slow release method of veterinary, as the micro-embedded method of chemistry and microsphere and fat body technique, the cost height still seems in the work of animal husbandry supplementary feeding.Along with the discovery of resistance to enzymolysis polymer new material, the herding worker constantly develops cheap slow-release material.Mc Dowell usefulness degradable glass such as (1986) is carrier, and mineral is melted the people wherein, produces cud soluble glass bullet, gives the ruminant trace element supplement with this.Yet with regard to the soluble glass bullet, its supplementary feeding cost is still very high, be not suitable for the practical situation of China's pasture animal husbandry, for this reason, we have studied multiple slow release prescription, and its elution profiles in cud is studied, comforming, it is with low cost to filter out in the polygamy side, slow-release time is long, has the bullet prescription of stable degradation rate in cud, and according to the degradation rate curve, in conjunction with the requirement of yak, develop the nutritional control release pellet that is fit to yak to trace element.In the hope of efficiently, trace element supplement reduces the low disease of thanking of nutrition of yak at low cost, improves the yak fertility performance.As long as this invention in conjunction with nutrient requirement and slow release speed, can be produced the nutritional control release pellet at other ruminant domestic animal also applicable to other ruminant domestic animal.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the proportioning weight percentages of this nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant is: trace element wherein: cobalt 0.02-0.06%, copper 1.9-6.0%, iodine 0.02-0.3%, ferrum 8.25-30%, manganese 5-13%, selenium 0.02-0.06%, zinc 5-18%, surplus is an excipient, gets the mixture 20-30% of the trace element of said ratio, Cera Flava 20-30%, sodium stearate 20-30%, red clay 30-40% adds excipient again, in bullet-die by grinding, mix, heating and melting, cast molding becomes nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant.For efficiently, at low cost to the ruminant domestic animal trace element supplement, we have studied the slow release reagent and the excipient of several cheapnesss emphatically, in bullet-die by grind, mixing, heating and melting, cast molding, become livestock nutrition slow release bullet, finally we find Cera Flava and sodium stearate are melted, and add red clay under 150 ℃ of conditions, stir into pasty state, the pasty state slow-release material is irritated people's mould, the cooling back firm, acid proof bullet.Reduce test through cud and confirm that the slow-release material of this prescription has stable, the degradation rate curve of rule, this is the basis of accurately calculating each nutrient content.This in addition slow release bullet has also that prescription is simple, and raw material is easy to get, cheap advantage.This nutrition bullet weighs 15 grams, and its ultimate constituent is: Cera Flava 20%, sodium stearate 20%, red clay 40%, trace element mixture 20%.Wherein, Cera Flava, sodium stearate and red clay constitute the slow release composition of bullet jointly, and effective degradation rate equation of slow-release material meets parabola model: P=-0.0009t ²+ 0.1631t-0.0528, wherein P is a degradation amount, t is the degraded natural law.This model has high degree of fitting (R ²=0.983), degradation amount curve See Figure.By the degradation amount curve as seen, before 60 days of degraded, the degradation amount of this bullet grows steadily, almost linearly.The degradation speed of bullet should be a degradation amount to the first derivative of time, and therefore, dp/dt=-0.0018t+0.1631 this shows, the degradation speed of bullet slows down gradually after 60 days, and degradation speed is 0 during by the 90th day.Therefore, effective degradation time of this bullet is 60 days.The degradation amount of bullet is tetanic line relevant (r=0,9698) with the degraded natural law in 60 days.The effect of invention: the four big pastoral areas of China: Qinghai, Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongol, unmeasured vastness grassland area is arranged, with regard to Qinghai Province, have and can utilize 4.74 hundred million mu of grassland areas, 4,700,000 of yaks are hidden nearly 15,000,000 of sheep.In the pastoral area, animal husbandry is leading industry, or even unique industry, because from the pressure on the demographic and economic, the pastoral area is faced with common problem, that is exactly: long-term overgrazing, deterioration of grasslands, the grassland productivity descend year by year, and the Nutrition and Metabolism disease of domestic animal is outstanding day by day.This has had a strong impact on the pasture animal husbandry production and the ecological environment of China.In order to reduce the generation of livestock nutrition metabolic disease, improve the output efficiency of pasture animal husbandry, pasture stock is carried out supplementary feeding seem very important.The present invention promptly can be the work of pasture animal husbandry supplementary feeding technical support is provided, this nutrition slow-release ball just at pastoral area grass poultry contradiction serious and invent out efficiently, cheap supplementary feeding product, have wide promotion prospect.By pasture stock being carried out supplementary feeding with the nutrition slow-release ball, not only can improve the output efficiency of pasture animal husbandry, increase herdsman's income, and can alleviate grass poultry contradiction, slow down grass-land deterioration speed, therefore, this invention has good economic benefits, social benefit and ecological benefits.

Fig. 1 is degradation amount of the present invention and time graph circle.

Its explanation is narrated in front, no longer repeats here.

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

Embodiment: nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant formula constituent percentage by weight, wherein the trace element percentage by weight is: surplus is an excipient.

Trace element	One	Two	Three
				Cobalt	0.02	0.028	0.06
Copper	1.9	3.5	6.0
				Iodine	0.02	0.143	0.3
Ferrum	8.25	14.32	30
				Manganese	5	5.73	13
Selenium	0.02	0.028	0.06
				Zinc	5	8.5	18

The bullet percentage by weight is:

	One	Two	Three
				Trace element mixture	20	25	30
Cera Flava	20	20	20
				Sodium stearate	20	20	20
Red clay	40	35	30

Example 1: the supplementary feeding bullet of yak: the trace element requirement of yak is with reference to NRC (1996) " beef cattle nutritional need ", dry matter intake (2.5 kilograms of average every days) in conjunction with yak, the amount (mg) of the trace element that yak need search for food every day should be: cobalt 0.25, copper 25, iodine 1.25, ferrum 125, manganese 50, selenium 0.25, zinc 75.On average underspeeding of bullet be the slope of degradation amount equation P=0.1091t+0.2875, be that bullet reduces by 0.1091 gram average every day, should comprise the amount of above-mentioned trace element in the reduction amount of every day, and each bullet weight be 15 grams, effectively slow-release time is 60 days, therefore the trace element concentration in the bullet is: cobalt 0.057%, copper 5.73%, iodine 0.286%, ferrum 28.64%, manganese 11.46%, selenium 0.057%, zinc 17.19%.Per two months supplementary feedings once, each four bullets of supplementary feeding.

Example 2: the supplementary feeding bullet of hiding sheep: the trace element requirement of hiding sheep is with reference to NRC (1985) " sheep nutritional need ", in conjunction with the dry matter intake of hiding sheep (1.2 kilograms of average every days), the amount (mg) of hiding the trace element that sheep need search for food every day should be: cobalt 0.12, copper 8.4, iodine 0.12, ferrum 36, manganese 24, selenium 0.12, zinc 24.The average degradation speed of bullet should be the slope of degradation amount equation P=0.1091t+0.2875, i.e. bullet 0.1091 gram of degrading average every day.The amount that should comprise above-mentioned trace element in the degradation amount of every day, and each bullet weight is 15 grams, effectively slow-release time is 60 days, so the trace element concentration in the bullet is: cobalt 0.055%, copper 3.85%, iodine 0.055%, ferrum 16.5%, manganese 11.00%, selenium 0.055%, zinc 11.00%.Per two months supplementary feedings once, each two bullets of supplementary feeding.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant, it is characterized in that this nutritional control release pellet proportioning weight percentages is trace element wherein: cobalt 0.02-0.06%, copper 1.9-6.0%, iodine 0.02-0.3%, ferrum 8.25-30%, manganese 5-13%, selenium 0.02-0.06%, zinc 5-18%, surplus is an excipient, get the mixture 20-30% of the trace element of said ratio, Cera Flava 20-30%, sodium stearate 20-30%, red clay 30-40%, add excipient again, in bullet-die by grinding, mix, heating and melting, cast molding becomes nutritive sustained release ball for ruminant.