CN1190552C - 合成纤维绳索 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文是关于一种由绳索滑轮驱动的牵引绳索,具有一以相反的螺旋方向,在平行扭转的绳索芯线9上扭转的外包股线层12,并在相反扭转的各股线层16,12之间具有一种中间护套13,以改进内部力传送,这是为了使中间护套13的护套各表面适合于相邻各股线层8,12的外部轮廓。这样,借助于摩擦力和其形状,中间护套能将外包层12的力和扭矩传送给绳索芯线9并将护套的整个外周表面上的力和扭矩均一化。通过连接各股线的内外层,可得到绳索1的较高扭矩刚性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1前序部分所述的合成纤维绳索,优选芳族聚酰胺纤维的绳索。
背景技术
尤其在材料搬运技术上,例如在升降机上,在用于起重机的构造中,以及在采矿中等,绳索是机器的重要元件并要经受负重使用。一种特别复杂的方面,是被驱动的绳索的负载,例如用于起重机构造中的一些绳索的负载。
尤其,在某些升降装置中,需要很长的绳索,但是从能量概念考虑却要求最小可能的质量或重量。高抗张强度的合成纤维绳索,例如芳族聚酰胺类或简名为阿拉米德类(aramides)的这种纤维具有高度取向的分子链,能以普通钢丝绳更好地满足这些要求。
尤其,由芳族聚酰胺纤维构制的绳索比同样横截面面积的普通钢丝绳索有高得多的牵拉升降能力,并且其比重仅为钢丝绳的五分之一至六分之一。然而,芳族聚酰胺的原子结构又导致其具有较低的扯断伸长率和低的剪切强度。
例如从EP 0672781 A1可以得知一种具有平行扭绞的芳族聚酰胺纤维绳索。在各股线的最外层与内层之间,有一中间扩套以防不同层各股线之间发生接触,并以此减少它们彼此相对摩擦引起的磨损。至今所描述的芳族聚酰胺纤维绳索具有满意的使用寿命值、耐磨蚀及在反复弯曲应力下的疲劳强度;然而,在张力下负载时多股扭绞的合成纤维绳索,会有一种倾向,即倾向于围绕纵轴旋转和/或不解开(untwine)。多股绞合绳索的这种不能解开是不希望的,因会导致不同长度各股线在绳索横截面上的不均匀分布的载荷,以此致使绳索的断裂负载减少,或甚至绳索的断裂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是避免已知合成纤维绳索的缺点和使其质量达到永久可靠的绞捻合成纤维绳索。
根据本发明,这一目的通过使用具有权利要求1所述特征的一种合成纤维绳索得到实现。在权利要求1中所述发明的有益发展和改进,在各从属权利要求中作了描述。
本发明产生的优点与这样的事实有关,其中间护套,由于具有适应于相邻各股线层的异形或波纹形轮廓,可提供与各股线的较大接触面积并以此可跨接或填充与其邻近各股线层的各股线之间的间隙。各股线的内层与外层间的紧密连接便得到合股绳索一种较高的扭矩刚度。这可防止具有本发明轮廓的中间护套的载荷绳索,无论对其作用的扭矩类型如何,而发生扭绞。按照本发明,可得到护套的较大支持面积和/或承重面积,即使当绳索处于载荷状态下。这种情况反过来又产生了护套整个外周区域的扭力矩向绳索内部均化传递。结果各股线外包层压缩力不再作为横向力对各股线的最高点起主要作用,而是广泛展布,亦即在相邻各股线层的护套整个外周表面上具有减小了的压力。随着适当地选择弹性,中间护套能够吸收相邻各股线的不同纵向运动,而无股线相对于中间护套的运动,由此便产生了与绳索柔弹性及其在反复弯曲下行为有关的一些优点。
附图说明
更多优点的详细情况,可通过参照附图中说明的本发明的中间护套实施方案描述于下。这些附图表示:
图1是本发明带有中间护套的升降机绳索的透视图;
图2是图1的升降机绳索的横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一个绳索,例如用作升降装置中的悬吊和绞起的工具,例如通过一个绳索滑车槽轮或绳索转鼓悬吊工具被驱动。在这些装置中,升降机机箱的吊索,它在升降机升降路径中移动,和一个平衡重量部件由绳索连接在一起。为了提升和降低机箱和平衡重量部件,绳索在一个牵引滑车槽轮上运行,槽轮是由一个驱动马达来驱动。驱动扭力矩通过摩擦传递至绳索截面,绳索截面在任何力矩下都处于包角。在包角的这一点上绳索要经受高的横切力。
绳索1是由核心股线(或芯线)2构成,在核心股线2的周围以第一螺旋方向3螺旋形地扭绞有第一层股线5的五根相同股线4,在它们的外面以平行的螺距扭绞有第二股线层8的十根股线4、7,这十根股线以各股线扭绞方向与绳索扭绞方向之间的平衡比例扭绞。
第二层股线8包括有五根相同股线4、7两种类型股线交替排列。
图2说明的绳索的横截面表示还有五根具有较大直径的五根股线7,该股线7以螺旋形扭绞在支持它们的第一层股线5的空隙处,而直径与第一层股线5的股线4相同的五根股线4是处于支持它们的第一层股线5外周的最高点上,以此填充了具有较大直径的两个邻近股线7之间的空隙。以这样的方式,双平行扭绞的绳索芯线(核心)9可容纳具有几乎园形外部轮廓的第二层股线8,股线9与中间护套13的结合所提供的优点描述如下。
当绳索1处于纵向荷载时,绳索芯线9的平行螺旋向便可产生一种与螺旋方向3成相反方向的扭矩。在绳索芯线9上有十七根股线10以绳索螺捻方式扭绞在第二螺旋方向11中而相反于第一螺旋方向3,形成了外包股线层12。在说明的实施方案中,扭绞在外侧的一些股线10与内股线层5,8的一些股线4,7的螺距长度之比为1.6。处于荷载下,外包股线层12的螺旋便产生一种与第二螺旋方向11成相反方向的扭力矩。
在位于第二螺旋方向11中扭绞的外包股线层12与第二股线层8的股线4,7之间,有一种中间护套13。中间护套13是由一种弹性可变形材料如聚氨酯或聚酯弹性体组成,并经模压或挤压到多股扭成的绳索芯线9上。在此过程中,新鲜涂布中间护套13发生塑性形变,股线层8和12紧密地固定在外周的护套异形轮廓上,护套填充满所有间隙,留下被相邻股线层8,12压印于其上的沟纹18,19。
形成波纹状轮廓的中间护套13是采用管子形式,包封着第二股线层8并以此来防止股线4,7与股线10接触。采用这种方法可防止当绳索1在牵引滑车槽轮上运行时在各股线之间发生相对运动,由股线4,7,10彼此摩擦所引起的股线4,7,10的磨蚀,产生这样的相对运动是用于补偿发生的张力应力差别,例如当牵引滑车槽轮处于载荷情况下绳索的方向会反复逆变。借助于摩擦力和它的形状,中间护套13还能将绳索1处于荷载下在外包股线层12中所产生的扭力矩传送给第二股线层8,从而传送给绳索芯线9,芯线9的平行扭绞又产生一种与螺旋方向3成相反方向的扭力矩。
同时,在股线4,7,10之间的摩擦阻力u>0.15,以及中间护套13是如此选择以至于实际上在各股线与中间护套之间不发生相对运动,而使中间护套13以弹性形变来伴随补偿运动。中间护套13的弹性大于股线浸胶的弹性和支持股线材料的弹性,因而可防止它们过早地受到损坏。另一方面,选择用于中间护套13的材料的总伸长率在所有情况下都要大于股线4,7,10彼此相对产生的最大运动。
中间护套13的厚度20可用于以控制方式来设定外包股线层12与绳索1旋转中心间的的径向距离并以此来抵销外包股线层12的扭力矩与平行扭转的绳索芯线9的扭力矩之间的扭矩比,芯线9的扭矩在荷载的绳索1中是彼此以相反方向起作用。选择用于中间护套13的厚度20需随着股线10和/或股线4及7的直径增加而增加。在所有情况下,中间护套13的厚度20需要这样的尺寸大小以保证在荷载下,当股线21、22之间的间隙完全被填充满时,在相邻股线层8和12的各股线4,7及10之间仍然有0.1mm的余留护套厚度。发生塑性形变的中间护套13能够在整个护套的外周表面引起扭力矩的均化传送。各股线之间的间隙体积可通过大直径股线7和第二股线层8中较小直径的股线4的交替排列而减到最小。
也象纯粹用作悬吊的绳索一样,本发明的绳索可广泛用于搬运各种材料的装置中,例如用于升降机,矿井中提升吊车,用于建筑业起重机,室内起重机,造船的起重机,架空索道,滑雪升降机,以及自动楼梯的牵引工具。驱动可用在牵引滑车槽轮或Koepe滑轮上的摩擦力,或者由缠绕在旋转绳索转鼓上的绳索进行。这种牵引绳索可以理解为一种移动的被驱动的绳索,有时还可指为一种牵引或悬吊的绳索。
Claims (7)
1.一种合成纤维绳索,是由扭绞在一起的承载重荷的合成纤维股线(2,4,7,10)的至少一个内同心层和一个外同心层组成,在内股线层(5,8)和外股线层(12)之间有一管形中间护套(13),它围绕着内股线层(5,8),其特征在于中间护套(13)具有护套表面,这些表面是适应于各邻近股线层(8,12)的外部波纹形轮廓。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维绳索,其特征在于在股线(4,7,10)与中间护套(13)之间的摩擦系数u是大于0.15。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维绳索,其特征在于中间护套(13)的总伸长率是大于股线(4,7,10)彼此相对的最大运动。
4.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维绳索,其特征在于在中间护套(13)的表面有沟槽(18,19)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维绳索,其特征在于沟槽(18,19)的形状为螺旋形的,在中间护套(13)外侧表面上沟槽(18)的螺旋方向(11)是相反于中间护套(13)内表面上的沟槽(19)的螺旋方向(3)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的合成纤维绳索,其特征在于中间护套(13)在其最薄点的厚度(20)为0.1mm。
7.具有权利要求1至6任何一项所述的合成纤维绳索的升降装置,其通过牵引滑车槽轮或绳索转鼓驱动。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP98811068.0 | 1998-10-23 | ||
EP98811068 | 1998-10-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1252469A CN1252469A (zh) | 2000-05-10 |
CN1190552C true CN1190552C (zh) | 2005-02-23 |
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CNB991218493A Expired - Lifetime CN1190552C (zh) | 1998-10-23 | 1999-10-20 | 合成纤维绳索 |
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US (1) | US6318504B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0995833B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4327959B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100578782B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1190552C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR020954A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE232252T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU752488B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9905590A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2287070C (zh) |
CO (1) | CO5021178A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ297947B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE59904213D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0995833T3 (zh) |
EG (1) | EG22623A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2192011T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1029148A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HU227223B1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL132300A (zh) |
MY (1) | MY126487A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO314268B1 (zh) |
PE (1) | PE20001199A1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL195002B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT995833E (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2233925C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG76633A1 (zh) |
SK (1) | SK286081B6 (zh) |
TR (1) | TR199902601A2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW490529B (zh) |
UA (1) | UA59391C2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA996631B (zh) |
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CN101125626B (zh) * | 2007-07-30 | 2010-09-29 | 浙江双友物流器械股份有限公司 | 环形穿丝吊装带及其生产工艺 |
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US6256841B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-07-10 | Otis Elevator Company | Wedge clamp type termination for elevator tension member |
IL136332A (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2005-06-19 | Inventio Ag | Synthetic fiber rope |
US6513792B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2003-02-04 | Inventio Ag | Rope deflection and suitable synthetic fiber rope and their use |
EP1334943B1 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2011-03-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Elevator system |
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1999
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- 1999-10-16 DE DE59904213T patent/DE59904213D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-10-20 CN CNB991218493A patent/CN1190552C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-10-22 JP JP30052199A patent/JP4327959B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-22 AU AU56010/99A patent/AU752488B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-10-22 RU RU99122216/12A patent/RU2233925C2/ru active
- 1999-10-22 AR ARP990105369A patent/AR020954A1/es active IP Right Grant
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CN101125626B (zh) * | 2007-07-30 | 2010-09-29 | 浙江双友物流器械股份有限公司 | 环形穿丝吊装带及其生产工艺 |
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