CN1190499A - Control and termination of battery charging process - Google Patents
Control and termination of battery charging process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1190499A CN1190499A CN96195426A CN96195426A CN1190499A CN 1190499 A CN1190499 A CN 1190499A CN 96195426 A CN96195426 A CN 96195426A CN 96195426 A CN96195426 A CN 96195426A CN 1190499 A CN1190499 A CN 1190499A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/484—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A method and an apparatus for adjusting the process of charging a battery so as to charge the battery as rapidly as possible while avoiding overheating of or damage to the battery. The method provides for applying a charging pulse (C1) which provides an average charging current, applying a first depolarizing pulse (D1), waiting for a first rest period (DW1), measuring the voltage (V1) at a predetermined point within the first rest period, applying a second depolarizing pulse (D2), waiting for a second rest period (DW2), measuring the voltage (V2) at the predetermined point within the second rest period, determining a difference between the voltage (V1) and the voltage (V2), and decreasing the average charging current if the difference is greater than a predetermined amount. The present invention also provides for determining whether the battery is low on water.
Description
The present invention relates to battery charger, more particularly, relate to the method and apparatus of control battery charging process and termination charging process.
Some method and some methods that stop battery charging process that determine when to battery charge are arranged.These methods all have identical problem: they will make battery overcharge.If battery is overcharged, it will produce oxygen at positive electrode.This oxygen is then by negative electrode consumption, and battery will generate heat.For most of charging techniques, be normal conditions owing to overcharge and battery is caused the danger of certain damage.Consider this point just to a certain extent, battery manufactory designs battery with extra negative electrode material.Yet overcharging irreversibly consumes negative electrode, in case and additional materials be consumed, overcharging so in the future can be used for minimizing the negative electricity maximum dose of stored charge, so the capacity of battery will descend.
Especially it is that cell voltage will reduce that the effect that overcharges of using DC charging of many data proofs is arranged.This of cell voltage reduces to be commonly referred to-Δ V or negative Δ V.A kind of method of definite charged state is to detect appearance-Δ V, and stops charging process when this situation occurs.Yet this method will reduce battery life, because-Δ V occurs when positive electrode produces excess of oxygen and consumed by negative electrode.As a result, this method rises battery temperature, and makes the inside battery build-up pressure.
When battery is to flow into battery by the impressed current pulse, and when each charging pulse after, applying a discharge pulse and charging, used the another kind of method that determines when the termination charging process.According to the method, or the average discharge current of response during the discharge pulse, or the energy that offers battery during the energy removed by discharge pulse of response and the front charging pulse compares and the ratio that obtains, stops charging process.Yet, infirm relation between discharge voltage value and battery charging state.
The method that another kind stops charging process is defined in the charging beginning scheduled time afterwards, and the terminal voltage to battery between each charging pulse is sampled.
Cell voltage when another kind method specifying measurement is applying charging current, and the cell voltage during the measurement discharging current.These two voltage measuring values are compared, and when certain predetermined difference is arranged between these voltages, stop charging process.Yet this predetermined difference must be selected according to battery types that just is being recharged and the battery capacity that just is being recharged.In addition, this method produced simultaneously oxygen that do not prevent and overcharge is not because it determines the charged state of battery exactly.Reason is that if a long discharge pulse is arranged so, then NI-G (NiCa) battery or nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery will generate heat, and the amplitude of charging voltage will change because of the variation of battery temperature if battery just charges with charging quickly speed.Therefore, this method is just inaccurate to the large-sized battery charging with high charge speed, can cause the damage to battery because determine the less error result of battery status.Make problem further complicated, battery behavior changes during charging cycle, and different and different with battery.
The method of another kind of control charging cycle is used a kind of " empty resistance voltage " reading.After the ending of charging pulse, measure non-loaded (" empty resistance ") terminal voltage of battery.This voltage and a reference voltage are compared to determine charging current.Reference voltage for example may depend on ambient temperature, internal temperature, internal pressure, charging current, or the changing value of charging current.Yet must occur in all primary cells in the battery to the measurement of empty resistance voltage is in the balance mode.If equilibrium condition does not also obtain, so the voltage measuring value of open circuit voltage can be with the time after the ending of front charging pulse difference.Equilibration time depends on the mass transfer ability of charging current and battery.And the certainty of measurement of empty resistance voltage will depend on the operating time of electrolytical concentration and battery in the battery.Because the loose structure on plate surface, electrolytical concentration will change, so the several milliseconds of measured values of locating open circuit voltage will can not provide precise results after the charging pulse ending.Therefore, can make the overheated or destruction of battery.In addition, difference is arranged between battery, difference is arranged between battery types, and the difference of dashing electricity cycle period generation is arranged in single battery.Therefore, select comparatively difficulty or very consuming time of suitable reference voltage.
All must take into account the parameter that battery constantly changes to any method of quickly charging battery, internal resistance for example, polarization resistance, mass transfer condition and temperature.Quick charging system typically uses the electric current that reduces gradually to avoid the condition of overcharging and avoids gas to produce.U.S.Patent No.5,307,000 disclose between each charging pulse and to have used a plurality of discharge pulses, and are defined in the long term with big charge pulse currents quickly charging battery, and do not have the critical voltage and the heat generation of each primary cell.Because especially electrolytical quick concentration increases around the charging pulse ending place electrode, therefore do not have a plurality ofly to go utmost point pulse that the voltage on the battery will be risen very apace.
The quick charge process must be based on charge reliably and accurately control and charging termination method.Some previous charging method is ended according to temperature, or be not suitably and/or uniform method to all types battery according to other, even it is and all when being used for to same battery type (plumbic acid, NiCd, NiMH) when charging even also need to select the method for battery capacity.Other previous charging methods are ended according to voltage.Yet, fixed voltage threshold and unreliable, because suitable voltage threshold is according to the state of battery, temperature, and before the using and charge and change over time of battery.
As be known in the art, the optimization technique of quickly charging battery comprised preferably make big charging current be forced into battery by battery being applied a series of chargings and going utmost point pulse.Along with charging process becomes more and more faster, and instantaneous charging current becomes increasing, is difficult to determine battery more when for charging fully, and the Best Times that charging process when occurs stopping or changing.Do not know accurately when battery is charging fully, because overcharging of battery then not only wasted the charging interval but also wasted energy.
Yet as mentioned above, overcharging causes that gas generates, and produces heat, and increases the pressure of inside battery, thus battery is caused the thermal runaway state that damages or may cause catastrophe in battery.Known during the constant-potential charge mode, battery is stable in charging current, or is recharged when beginning to increase after reducing gradually.Yet this method is according to the variation of battery-end characteristic, and this variation of battery-end characteristic is to occur during near the thermal runaway state at battery.Therefore, it is desirable to not determine under the thermal runaway state near entering whether battery obtains charging at battery.
By reducing charging current, prolong the charging interval, or reaching earlier according to some selection criterion, for example apply the time quantum of charging process, be forced into the charging ampere-hour of battery, or battery temperature has stopped the quick charge process, might avoid gas to produce, heating, thermal runaway, and other damage the variety of problems of battery.Yet these methods may stop charging process prematurely, make battery be in the undercharge state thus, and perhaps these methods prolong greatly and make battery reach fully the method for charging, for example needed time of trickle charge subsequently.And, concerning the battery of charging or almost completely charging fully, if battery is applied the quick charge process, because battery can not be accepted big charge pulse currents, so will cause catastrophe destruction as definite criterion with charging interval or ampere-hour.In this case, generation of the gas of battery and excessive heating will almost get started generation.
Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of method of especially during the quick charge process, determining the charged state of battery, so that can use the quick charge process as far as possible muchly, battery is reached or very approaching charged state fully, but a certain the naming a person for a particular job before battery is damaged stop the quick charge process.
In addition, during the quick charge process, certain that is just becoming abundant when charging at battery a bit, battery may not be accepted the total current from charging pulse.Some charging current of therefore, giving during charging pulse causes that gas generates and heating.Yet stopping the quick charge process this moment may because battery does not charge fully, and still can stand the quick charge process too early, but will be with less charging current.Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of method that when battery is just becoming charging, changes the quick charge process, so that continue quickly charging battery with effective means.
Therefore, be necessary to provide a kind of method that when battery is just becoming charging, changes the quick charge process, so that continue quickly charging battery with effective means.
The present invention relates to determine exactly when battery is charging.Therefore the present invention can use the quick charge process as far as possible for a long time, battery is fully charged, but a bit stops the quick charge process at certain, battery is overcharged avoiding, and therefore avoid waste charging interval and energy and to the damage of battery.
According to the present invention,, then battery is applied at least two discharges (removing the utmost point) pulse in order to determine that battery when for charging, applies a charging pulse to battery.A predetermined point interim when stopping (wait) is measured cell voltage after first goes utmost point pulse, and second goes utmost point pulse after the same corresponding point measurement cell voltage in period of inactivity.Going utmost point pulse is to produce by apply a load between battery terminal, typically than charging pulse duration much shorter.
When charging pulse was applied to lead-acid battery, the lead sulfate in the cell solution was converted to lead, lead oxides, and electrolyte ion.Plumbous and lead oxides is deposited on the respective electrode.Electrolyte ion forms around electrode and electrode.These electrolyte ions are then spread owing to the caused transport phenomena of difference of ion concentration around the electrode and effects of ion concentration.
When battery almost completely discharged, electrolytical concentration was little.Therefore, the electrolyte ion that forms around electrode is diffused rapidly in the solution.Yet when battery becomes when almost completely charging, concentration difference is little, so ions diffusion is slower.Before ions diffusion, lead sulfate can not move on near the electrode.Therefore, ion forms obstacle one around the electrode, has prevented that electrode from accepting another charging pulse effectively.In addition, can be less by the solution of charging process conversion.In case this situation takes place, just charging voltage must be increased so that force battery to accept the charging current of same amount.Yet, increase charging voltage and cause that the water in the battery is separated into hydrogen and oxygen.Oxygen is heavily absorbed fast by solution.Yet hydrogen is absorbed very lentamente, therefore sets up cell internal pressure.If release, then make hydrogen loss, therefore make batteries lose water.If this situation frequency is too many, battery will damage.In addition, the needed high voltage of battery charge is caused the undesirable heating of battery, and excessive heating may make battery damage.
The present invention has disclosed in period of inactivity after discharge pulse by measuring the open circuit voltage of battery, can determine the charged state of battery, electrolytical concentration in the ie in solution.If open circuit voltage is approximate identical from a period of inactivity to period of inactivity subsequently, battery is not overcharging so, does not therefore need to change charging current.If open circuit voltage reduced from a period of inactivity to period of inactivity subsequently, battery is overcharging so, or to be higher than the receptible speed charging of battery, therefore should reduce charging current or stop charging process.
Therefore, when battery becomes charging, should make charging current be reduced to the level that battery will effectively be accepted.
According to the present invention, as long as second voltage measuring value is approximate identical with first voltage measuring value, battery just is defined as accepting charging effectively, and charging current does not need to change.
And according to the present invention, when second voltage measuring value during less than certain predetermined voltage difference of first voltage measuring value (Δ V), battery just is defined as almost completely charging, and charging current should reduce.
Therefore, the present invention determines the charged state of battery exactly in the quick charge process, and control or stop charging process to avoid damaging battery.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of coming to determine more accurately the charged state of battery by the cell voltage between relatively different period of inactivitys.
The invention provides a kind of method to battery charge.The method comprising the steps of: apply a charging pulse that mean charging current is provided, apply one first and go utmost point pulse, wait for one first period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement predetermined point within first period of inactivity, apply one second and go utmost point pulse, wait for one second period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement predetermined point within second period of inactivity, determine the voltage of predetermined point within first period of inactivity and poor between the voltage of predetermined point within second period of inactivity, and change mean charging current according to this extent and polarity.
According to one aspect of the present invention, if should poorly within the regulation boundary, then repeat to apply charging pulse, apply first and second and go utmost point pulse, waited for for first and second period of inactivitys, and the step of measuring voltage within first and second period of inactivitys.
According to another aspect of the present invention, charging pulse has a charging pulse duration, and the step of change mean charging current comprises this charging pulse duration of change.
According to another aspect of the present invention, charging pulse has a charge pulse currents amplitude, and the step of change mean charging current comprises this charge pulse currents amplitude of change.
According to another aspect of the present invention, charging pulse has a charging pulse repetition rate, and the step of change mean charging current comprises this charging pulse repetition rate of change.
According to another aspect of the present invention, respectively go utmost point pulse to have one to remove utmost point pulse current amplitude, and this method also is included in and change this when changing mean charging current and remove utmost point pulse current amplitude.
According to another aspect of the present invention, respectively go utmost point pulse to have one to go the utmost point pulse duration, and this method also is included in and change this when changing mean charging current and go the utmost point pulse duration.
According to another aspect of the present invention, each charging pulse has some utmost point pulses of going subsequently, and this method also is included in and changes the number of going utmost point pulse when changing mean charging current.
It is a kind of with the method for pulse current charge process to battery charge that the present invention also provides.This method comprises: apply a charging pulse, apply one first and go utmost point pulse, wait for one first period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement predetermined point within first period of inactivity, apply one second and go utmost point pulse, wait for one second period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement predetermined point within second period of inactivity, determine the voltage of predetermined point within first period of inactivity and poor between the voltage of predetermined point within second period of inactivity, and if should difference greater than a predetermined threshold then the stopping pulse charging process.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of definite battery status.This method comprises: battery is applied a charging pulse, battery is applied one first go utmost point pulse, wait for one first period of inactivity, measure the cell voltage of first predetermined point within first period of inactivity, measure the cell voltage of second predetermined point within first period of inactivity, battery is applied one second go utmost point pulse, wait for one second period of inactivity, determine poor between the voltage of the voltage of first predetermined point and second predetermined point, if and should be poor greater than a predetermined threshold, indication should be added water to battery so.
The present invention also provides a kind of method that stops battery charging process.This method comprises: battery is applied a charging pulse, battery is applied one first go utmost point pulse, wait for one first period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement first predetermined point within first period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement second predetermined point within first period of inactivity, battery is applied one second go utmost point pulse, wait for one second period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement first predetermined point within second period of inactivity, the cell voltage of measurement second predetermined point within second period of inactivity, determine the voltage of first predetermined point within first period of inactivity and first difference between the voltage of second predetermined point within first period of inactivity, determine the voltage of first predetermined point within second period of inactivity and second difference between the voltage of second predetermined point within second period of inactivity, if and first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold, and second difference also greater than this threshold value, then stop charging process.
Read following description of a preferred embodiment together with accompanying drawing and claim, other purposes of the present invention, characteristics and advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that is used for battery charger of the present invention.
Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 B represents to illustrate battery charging process and how to determine the waveform of battery charging state by comparing the voltage measuring value of obtaining in different period of inactivitys.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that the process of battery charging state is determined in explanation.
The waveform that Fig. 4 represents that battery charging process is described and how to determine battery status.
Fig. 5 is a kind of change that Fig. 3 illustrates the flow chart of the process of determining battery charging state.
With reference now to accompanying drawing,, Fig. 1 is the block diagram that is used for battery charger of the present invention.This battery charge and discharge circuit 10 comprise a key plate 12, one controllers, 13, one displays, 15, one discharges of 14, one charging circuits (removing the utmost point) circuit 16, and a current monitoring circuit 20.Key plate 12 is connected to controller 13 " K " input, and it makes the user can import the regulation parameter, for example battery types (plumbic acid, NiCd, NiMH or the like), and other relevant informations, for example nominal battery voltage or series connection primary cell number.Key plate 12 can be a keyboard, dial, switch arrays, or the device of other input informations.In order to make the user simple to operate, can make 13 pairs of multiple battery types of controller carry out pre-programmed with parameter.In this case, the user will import battery types simply, and for example model ordinal number, and controller 13 will use the parameter that is fit to this battery types automatically.Display 14 is connected to controller 13 " S " output, and it is operator's display message, select, and parameter or the like, and can listen and visible alarm or warning for the operator provides.
" C " output of controller 13 is connected to charging circuit 15.15 pairs of batteries 11 of charging circuit provide charging current.According to the application, charging circuit 15 can constitute constant voltage source or the constant current source effect carried out by controller 13." D " output of controller 13 is connected to discharge (removing the utmost point) circuit 16, and discharge circuit 16 can be constituted by controller 13 and provide the constant electrode current that goes to battery 11, battery 11 is applied the selection load, or battery 11 is applied low voltage or reverse voltage.The pulse duration of the pulse that circuit 15 and 16 provides is by controller 13 controls.The output of charging circuit 15 and discharge circuit 16 is connected to the anode of battery 11 by lead 21.The negative terminal of battery 11 is connected to circuit ground by a current surveillance resistor 20.Therefore the electric current of inflow or outflow battery 11 can be determined by the voltage between current surveillance resistor 20 two ends on the measurement lead 22.Therefore current surveillance resistor 20 plays a current monitor and demand limiter.Certainly, can determine battery current with other devices.
Come monitoring battery voltage by the voltage of measuring between lead 21 and the circuit ground.By measuring the voltage between the lead 21 and 22, or the voltage from the lead 21 deducts the voltage on the lead 22, influence that can cancellation current surveillance resistor.Lead 21 and 22 is connected to controller 13 " V " and " I " input separately.
The output that monitors resistor 20 by starting charging circuit 15 and standby current is to determine whether charging current is flowing, the output that monitors resistor 20 by discharge at starting circuit 16 and standby current is to determine whether charging current is flowing, by two circuit 15 and 16 all under the inertia monitor voltage to determine whether battery exists or the like, can determine the existence of battery.
The temperature of temperature sensor 23 monitoring batteries 11, so that controller 13 can adjust charging pulse and go the size of utmost point pulse, number and duration, and the duration of period of inactivity, thus keep the battery temperature of hope.Temperature sensor 23 preferably is immersed in the electrolyte solution of each primary cell, so that report internal temperature of battery exactly, though only show one in the accompanying drawing.Temperature sensor 23 can be a thermostat, and thermistor, thermoelectricity be other similar transducers occasionally, and it is connected to " T " input of controller 13.
Controller 13 comprises a micromessage processor, a memory, and several timers, and analogue-to-digital converters, memory has at least a part to comprise the operational order of controller 13.Use is favourable based on the controller of micromessage processor, because the micromessage processor can decision making very apace, and storage voltage and current measurement data, and data are calculated, for example average, relatively, and detection peak.Timer can be for discrete or realize that with the micromessage processor they can be used for controlling any charging pulse, go utmost point pulse, or the duration of period of inactivity, and are going utmost point pulse continuously or time reference was provided between period of inactivity.Analogue-to-digital converters can be for discrete or realize with the micromessage processor, and it can be used for a voltage or current signal and convert the operable form of digital micromessage processor to.Because digitial controller is a preferred embodiment, thus discuss with regard to digitial controller, but also can realize the present invention with analog controller.
The waveform that Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 B represents that battery charging process is described and how to determine battery charging state.Charged state is to determine by the voltage measuring value of relatively obtaining in different period of inactivitys.The voltage and current waveform usually illustrates charging process, this charging process applies one or more charging pulse C1, a period of inactivity CW1 and a plurality of utmost point pulsed D 1-D3 that goes are preferably arranged subsequently, respectively go utmost point pulsed D 1-D3 that a period of inactivity DW1-DW3 is preferably respectively arranged subsequently.
For convenience of description, therefore charging pulse and go utmost point pulse to be illustrated as rectangular pulse, but should be appreciated that not to be this situation in practice usually present invention is to be construed as and comprises square waveform, but is not limited to square waveform.And just for convenience and as limiting, charging pulse C1, C1 are expressed as does not have identical pulse duration and identical charging current amplitude IA, and goes utmost point pulsed D 1-D3 to be expressed as to have identical pulse duration and identical discharging current amplitude IB.The number of going utmost point pulse in addition, is for convenience and not as limiting purely.Period of inactivity CW1 is expressed as with DW1-DW3 to have the identical duration, just for convenience and not as limiting.Controller 13 can change the duration of these period of inactivitys according to the variation of the battery charging state that is monitored.
At first, with regard to obtained voltage measuring value of relatively different period of inactivitys, on Fig. 2 A to Fig. 2 B voltage waveform specific voltage measured value V1 and V2 are shown.V1 and V2 work as circuit deposits obtained battery at open circuit cloth output voltage measured value during being respectively period of inactivity DW1 and DW2.Should be appreciated that the first output voltage measured value V1 can be in the beginning of period of inactivity DW1, centre or ending obtain, as long as output voltage measured value V2 is that identical corresponding points obtain in next period of inactivity DW2 subsequently.Voltage level during the period of inactivity DW1-DW3 is measured by the present invention and is estimated.
In Fig. 2 A, visible voltage V1 is approximately equal to voltage V2.This this battery of approximately equal indication of voltage is not overcharging.Therefore, do not need to adjust charging current IA.
In Fig. 2 B, visible voltage V1 is greater than voltage V2.If the difference of voltage V1 and V2 is less than 10 millivolts in each primary cell among Fig. 2 B, do not need to adjust charging current IA so.Yet if the difference of voltage V1 and V2 is greater than 10 millivolts in each primary cell among Fig. 2 B, voltage this from V1 to V2 reduces to indicate this battery to overcharge so.This situation may be because battery reaches fully charging causes, maybe may be since battery because of any former thereby can not accept full charging current IA in the duration at C1 and cause.Therefore, should reduce charging current IA, till this difference is less than 10 millivolts in each primary cell.
Fig. 3 is by comparing voltage measuring value obtained in one or more period of inactivitys, determining whether battery is the flow chart of charging.In step 301, be set by the user the initial charge parameter, the discharge rated value (C) of for example number of primary cell in cell voltage or the battery, and battery.Controller 13 is determined charging current IA and is removed electrode current IB battery then.As preferred, this can be according to tabling look-up or formula carries out.
In step 303, the charging pulse C1 that it is IA that 13 pairs of batteries of controller apply a current amplitude, period of inactivity CW1 subsequently preferably but not necessarily, then to battery apply a current amplitude be IB remove utmost point pulsed D 1.Controller 13 is waited for the predetermined period that a time is DW1, and measures the output voltage V 1 of the battery of predetermined point in this period of inactivity DW1.Controller 13 then to battery apply another current amplitude be IB remove utmost point pulsed D 2.Controller 13 is waited for the predetermined period that a time is DW2 again, and measures the output voltage V 2 of the battery of corresponding predetermined point in this second period of inactivity DW2.Should be appreciated that, the first output voltage measured value V1 can be in the beginning of the first period of inactivity DW1, centre or ending obtain, if subsequently output voltage measured value V2 be relatively should period of inactivity in next period of inactivity DW2 begin obtain for identical corresponding point position.
Judge that whether 309 test differences (V1-V2) are greater than certain maximum voltage difference (VDMAX).If not, also not charging of battery does not so need to adjust mean charging current.Controller 13 will forward step 313 in this case.
If VD＞VDMAX, battery is overcharging so, or in the speed charging can suitably accept greater than battery.Therefore, reduce mean charging current at step 311 controller 13.Controller 13 forwards step 313 to then.
In step 313, controller 13 determines whether the stopping pulse charging process.The pulse current charge circulation can be because of any termination the in some different reasons.For example, the charging interval that the user sets may expire, or battery temperature may surpass tolerance interval, or charging current amplitude IA may be reduced to C/10 or littler.
If the reason of certain stopping pulse charging process, to stop this pulse current charge process at step 315 controller 13 so, if and termination is because charging current is C/10, then will be transformed into another charging process, for example trickle charge, if perhaps stop for example is that then controller 13 will stop charging process fully because time expiration or temperature are unacceptable.And, can provide the charging process that as seen maybe can listen to stop indication to the operator.
If in step 313, controller 13 is determined not stopping pulse charging process, and controller 13 will turn back to step 303 so.
The waveform that Fig. 4 represents that battery charging process is described and how to determine battery status.In this process, measure open-circuit cell voltage in beginning and the ending of period of inactivity.For convenience of description but as limiting, voltmeter is not shown substantially constant in a period of inactivity.Yet in the reality, voltage can change in a period of inactivity, and so especially concerning plumbic acid and NiCd battery, provides other information about battery status.(VD1=V5-V6, and VD1＞VD1MAX), electrolyte concentration surpasses normal value so, should add water to battery greater than a scheduled volume if voltage reduced in period of inactivity.Can be with can listening this situation with visible alarm alarm operation person, and can stop charging process automatically.Preferably, in the first period of inactivity DW1, obtain measured value.
And, if the voltage measuring value (being respectively V5 and V6) in beginning and the ending of a period of inactivity differs by more than certain scheduled volume (VD1=V5-V6, and VD1＞VD2MAX), and in that the beginning of period of inactivity and the voltage measuring value of ending (are respectively V7 and V8 subsequently, or V9 and V10) also differ by more than this scheduled volume (VD2=V7-V8, and VD2＞VD2MAX), this is that battery is not suitably being accepted the indication of charging so, so should stop charging process.
Fig. 5 is the flow chart that a kind of change procedure of battery status is determined in explanation.Remove step 503 replacement step 303, and judge that 513 pairs are judged that some termination step of 313 provides outside the explanation, Fig. 5 process is identical with Fig. 3 process.In step 513, obtain auxiliary voltage measured value V5, V6, V7 and V8, and definite voltage difference VD1 and VD2.
In judging 513A, controller 13 determines that whether voltage difference VD1 is greater than a predetermined maximum difference VD1MAX.If with the signaling operator battery is added water in alarm of step 513B controller 13 startings so, and preferably stops charging process then.If not, whether determine VD1 greater than a predetermined maximum VD2MAX at judgement 513C middle controller so, and whether VD2 is also greater than VD2MAX.If two conditions all satisfy, controller 13 stops charging process so.Controller 13 can also this termination of signaling operator.If not, controller 13 turns back to step 503 so.
As mentioned above, according to the present invention, by adjusting IA, by adjusting the charging pulse duration,, go utmost point pulse number or duration by adjustment by adjusting the charging pulse repetition rate, or by adjusting one or more period of inactivity CW1, DW1, can adjust charging current at the duration of DW2 or the like.Preferably, when adjusting charging current, for example, go the utmost point pulse duration, or, then adjust similarly and remove electrode current by adjusting the number of going utmost point pulse between each charging pulse by adjustment by adjusting IB.
An example as said process, lead-acid sealed battery for 0.62 ampere-hour rated value (C=0.62), IA is 150 milliseconds 2.4 amperes, IB is 2 milliseconds 5 amperes, and DW1 and DW2 are 12 milliseconds, and the repetition rate of charging pulse is (2 charging pulses of about per second) like this, and promptly mean charging current is 0.75 ampere (about 1.2C).Can use CW1, maybe can not have CW1.In this example, stopping pulse charging process when mean charging current drops to 0.0623 ampere (0.1C).As another example, lead-acid sealed battery for 52 ampere-hour rated values (C=52), IA is 100 amperes, IB is 250 amperes, and the duration of charging pulse is for like this, be that mean charging current is 60 amperes (about 1.2C), stopping pulse charging process when mean charging current drops to 5.2 amperes (0.1C).
To going after the utmost point pulse continuously the measurement cell output voltage of period of inactivity to make comparisons, then charged state is provided than the better indication of prior art.As a result, this method (1) makes battery charge quick as far as possible, and (2) are avoided because of continuing charging or the contingent battery heating and damaging of overcharging, and (3) make charging process and early stopping or change and battery do not overcharged.
Though preferably use the cell voltage of measuring during DW1 and the DW2, the present invention does not limit like this.Can measure cell voltage to any two the continuous or discontinuous period of inactivitys that are not recharged pulse and separated.For example, DW2 and DW3 can be used, maybe DW1 and DW3 can be used.
In addition, go utmost point pulse that identical amplitude can be arranged, maybe different amplitudes can be arranged.Equally, go utmost point pulse that the identical duration can be arranged, maybe can be arranged the different duration.In addition, can there be the identical duration period of inactivity, maybe can be arranged the different duration.
Though sealed lead acid battery has been narrated the present invention especially relatively, the present invention does not limit like this.The present invention is also useful to the battery of other types, NiCd for example, NiMH, ferronickel, nickel zinc, silver-colored zinc, lithium metal oxide, lithium ion gold oxide, non-tight plumbic acid or the like.
Will be understood that from above narration the present invention provides a kind of method and a kind of equipment to quickly charging battery in a kind of mode that does not cause that battery overcharges.
Also will understand from above narration, the present invention can accept with a kind of battery and the speed that do not have to damage, and a kind of method and a kind of equipment to battery charge are provided.
The present invention also provides and is used for determining battery status, comprises a kind of method and a kind of equipment that determine whether add battery water.
Read the explanation of the invention described above preferred embodiment, can all changes and change be arranged to it for a person skilled in the art.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited by following claim.
Claims (15)
1. the method to battery charge comprises the steps:
Apply a charging pulse that mean charging current is provided;
Apply one first and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of the predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Apply one second and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one second period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of the described predetermined point of described battery within described second period of inactivity;
Determine the described voltage of described predetermined point within described first period of inactivity and the difference between the described voltage of described predetermined point within described second period of inactivity; And
If described difference reduces described mean charging current so greater than a predetermined threshold.
2. the method for claim 1, the step that also comprises repeating said steps promptly applies described charging pulse, applies described first and second and goes utmost point pulse, wait for described first and second period of inactivitys, and measure the described voltage within described first and second period of inactivitys.
3. the method to battery charge comprises the steps:
Apply a charging pulse that mean charging current is provided;
Apply one first and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of the predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Apply one second and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one second period of inactivity;
Apply one and go utmost point pulse subsequently;
Wait for period of inactivity subsequently;
Measure the voltage of the described predetermined point of described battery within described period of inactivity subsequently;
Determine the described voltage of described predetermined point within described first period of inactivity and the difference between the described voltage of described predetermined point within described period of inactivity subsequently; And
If described difference reduces described mean charging current so greater than a predetermined threshold.
4. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein said charging pulse has a charging pulse duration, and the described step that reduces described mean charging current comprises and reduces the described charging pulse duration.
5. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein said charging pulse has a charge pulse currents amplitude, and the described step that reduces described mean charging current comprises and reduces described charge pulse currents amplitude.
6. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein said charging pulse has a charging pulse repetition rate, and the described step that reduces described mean charging current comprises and reduces described charging pulse repetition rate.
7. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein each describedly goes utmost point pulse to have one to remove utmost point pulse current amplitude, and wherein said method also comprises when reducing described mean charging current, reduces described step of removing utmost point pulse current amplitude.
8. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein each describedly goes utmost point pulse to have one to go the utmost point pulse duration, and wherein said method also comprises when reducing described mean charging current, reduces described step of going the utmost point pulse duration.
9. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein each described charging pulse has subsequently and somely describedly goes utmost point pulse, and wherein said method also comprises when reducing described mean charging current, reduces described step of going the described number of utmost point pulse.
10. claim 1 or 3 method, wherein each describedly goes utmost point pulse to have one to go the utmost point pulse duration, and the described step that wherein reduces described mean charging current comprises and increases described going the utmost point pulse duration.
11. the method for claim 1 or 3, wherein there is duration period of inactivity each described period of inactivity, and the described step that wherein reduces described mean charging current comprises and increases described duration period of inactivity.
12. the method for claim 1 or 3, wherein each described charging pulse has subsequently and somely goes utmost point pulse, and the described step that wherein reduces described mean charging current comprises and increases the described number of going utmost point pulse.
13. one kind with the method for pulse current charge process to battery charge, comprises step:
Apply a charging pulse;
Apply one first and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of the predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Apply one second and go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one second period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of the described predetermined point of described battery within described second period of inactivity;
Determine the described voltage of described predetermined point within described first period of inactivity and the difference between the described voltage of described predetermined point within described second period of inactivity; And
If described difference greater than a predetermined threshold, stops described pulse current charge process so.
14. the method for a definite battery status comprises the steps:
Described battery is applied a charging pulse;
Described battery is applied one first go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one first predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one second predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Described battery is applied one second go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one second period of inactivity;
Determine the difference between the described voltage of the described voltage of described first predetermined point and described second predetermined point; And
If described difference is greater than a predetermined threshold, indication should be added water to described battery so.
15. a method that stops battery charging process comprises the steps:
Described battery is applied a charging pulse;
Described battery is applied one first go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one first predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one second predetermined point of described battery within described first period of inactivity;
Described battery is applied one second go utmost point pulse;
Wait for one second period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one first predetermined point of described battery within described second period of inactivity;
Measure the voltage of one second predetermined point of described battery within described second period of inactivity;
Determine the described voltage of described first predetermined point within described first period of inactivity and first difference between the described voltage of described second predetermined point within described first period of inactivity;
Determine the described voltage of described first predetermined point within described second period of inactivity and second difference between the described voltage of described second predetermined point within described second period of inactivity; And
If described first difference is greater than a predetermined threshold, and described second difference stops described charging process so also greater than described predetermined threshold.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US102495P | 1995-07-11 | 1995-07-11 | |
| US60/001,024 | 1995-07-11 |
Publications (2)
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| CN1190499A true CN1190499A (en) | 1998-08-12 |
| CN1078397C CN1078397C (en) | 2002-01-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN96195426A Expired - Fee Related CN1078397C (en) | 1995-07-11 | 1996-07-10 | Control and termination of battery charging process |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0846361A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11509078A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR19990028876A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1078397C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU710799B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9609599A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2226411A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA000240B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL122821A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO980111L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ312602A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997003489A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013023536A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Jiang Guanluo | Deep depolarization charging method for lead-acid storage battery |
| CN104316877A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-01-28 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | Self-discharge detection method of lithium iron phosphate battery |
| CN105743176A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-07-06 | 王艳荣 | Control method of capacitor charging device |
| CN110190644A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳市好成绩网络科技有限公司 | Control the method, apparatus and electronic equipment of battery charge |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU756966B2 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2003-01-30 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Method for annular sealing |
| KR20020026056A (en) * | 2000-09-30 | 2002-04-06 | 황한규 | Preheater equipmented ptc |
| KR100398483B1 (en) * | 2000-12-26 | 2003-09-19 | 에스케이텔레텍주식회사 | Battery charger of mobile phone using constant current and pulse, and method for the same |
| GC0000398A (en) | 2001-07-18 | 2007-03-31 | Shell Int Research | Method of activating a downhole system |
| AU2002358782A1 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-24 | Hans Wiederkehr | Method for charging and/or discharging energy sources |
| EP1835297B1 (en) * | 2006-03-14 | 2012-10-31 | National University of Ireland, Galway | A method and device for determining characteristics of an unknown battery |
| KR101113415B1 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2012-03-02 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Protection Circuit for Battery Pack |
| US8436587B2 (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2013-05-07 | Ove T. Aanensen | Bipolar overvoltage battery pulser and method |
| US10594150B2 (en) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-03-17 | Manodya Limited | Pulse discharge system |
| DE102017120039A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 | 2019-02-28 | Nidec Gpm Gmbh | Coolant pump with application-optimized design |
| GB2570356B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2020-01-15 | Manodya Ltd | A pulse discharge system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3617851A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1971-11-02 | Christie Electric Corp | Battery charger with control circuit for cyclical charge and discharge as a function of battery voltage during discharge |
| US4829225A (en) * | 1985-10-23 | 1989-05-09 | Electronic Power Devices, Corp. | Rapid battery charger, discharger and conditioner |
| US5307000A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1994-04-26 | Electronic Power Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for charging, thawing, and formatting a battery |
-
1996
- 1996-07-10 EP EP96923731A patent/EP0846361A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-07-10 JP JP9505949A patent/JPH11509078A/en active Pending
- 1996-07-10 IL IL12282196A patent/IL122821A0/en unknown
- 1996-07-10 AU AU64597/96A patent/AU710799B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-07-10 CN CN96195426A patent/CN1078397C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-07-10 KR KR1019980700178A patent/KR19990028876A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-10 BR BR9609599A patent/BR9609599A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-10 WO PCT/US1996/011466 patent/WO1997003489A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-07-10 NZ NZ312602A patent/NZ312602A/en unknown
- 1996-07-10 EA EA199800053A patent/EA000240B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-07-10 CA CA002226411A patent/CA2226411A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-01-09 NO NO980111A patent/NO980111L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013023536A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Jiang Guanluo | Deep depolarization charging method for lead-acid storage battery |
| CN104316877A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2015-01-28 | 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 | Self-discharge detection method of lithium iron phosphate battery |
| CN105743176A (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2016-07-06 | 王艳荣 | Control method of capacitor charging device |
| CN105743176B (en) * | 2016-04-10 | 2018-03-09 | 王艳荣 | Control method of capacitor charging device |
| CN110190644A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-30 | 深圳市好成绩网络科技有限公司 | Control the method, apparatus and electronic equipment of battery charge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0846361A1 (en) | 1998-06-10 |
| EA199800053A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
| AU710799B2 (en) | 1999-09-30 |
| BR9609599A (en) | 1999-08-17 |
| CA2226411A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
| JPH11509078A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| EP0846361A4 (en) | 2000-05-03 |
| MX9800293A (en) | 1998-09-30 |
| NZ312602A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| NO980111L (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| EA000240B1 (en) | 1999-02-25 |
| NO980111D0 (en) | 1998-01-09 |
| AU6459796A (en) | 1997-02-10 |
| CN1078397C (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| WO1997003489A1 (en) | 1997-01-30 |
| IL122821A0 (en) | 1998-08-16 |
| KR19990028876A (en) | 1999-04-15 |
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