CN118679205A - 单组份型环氧树脂组合物 - Google Patents
单组份型环氧树脂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN118679205A CN118679205A CN202380020724.XA CN202380020724A CN118679205A CN 118679205 A CN118679205 A CN 118679205A CN 202380020724 A CN202380020724 A CN 202380020724A CN 118679205 A CN118679205 A CN 118679205A
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- epoxy resin
- component
- resin composition
- curing agent
- general formula
- Prior art date
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供包含反应性稀释剂的环氧树脂组合物,其能够在尽可能不降低环氧树脂本来的性能的情况下降低粘度,并且能够给与粘接性、贮藏稳定性等新的赋予效果。本发明为一种单组份型环氧树脂组合物,其包含(A)成分:下述通式(1)所表示的化合物、(B)成分:环氧树脂、及(C)成分:胺系固化剂。在上述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,R2及R3分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基或碳原子数1~6的烷氧基,n表示1~3的整数。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及单组份型(one-pack type)环氧树脂组合物,更详细而言,涉及包含特定的环氧化合物、环氧树脂和胺系固化剂的单组份型环氧树脂组合物。
背景技术
环氧树脂在粘接剂、涂料、电绝缘材料、土木建筑材料等广泛的用途中发挥优异的特性。以双酚型环氧树脂等为代表的通用的环氧树脂大多粘度高,根据所使用的用途,有时作业性存在问题。作为提高作业性的物质,可列举出增塑剂,但不参与环氧树脂的反应的增塑剂会使固化后的物性显著降低,因此大多并用具有环氧基的反应性稀释剂。
具有环氧基的反应性稀释剂被要求不会使稀释前的环氧树脂的诸性能降低,例如在专利文献1及专利文献2中提供一种反应性稀释剂,其具有2个以上环氧基,抑制固化后的固化物的物性并降低树脂的粘度。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-083306号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2004-231787号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
然而,在使用上述环氧树脂的用途中,不仅要求单纯稀释环氧树脂,还要求对本来的环氧树脂的性能给与赋予效果。此外,在反应性稀释剂中,有使将环氧树脂与固化剂并用时的环氧树脂组合物的贮藏稳定性显著降低的稀释剂。
因此,本发明所要解决的课题在于提供一种包含反应性稀释剂的环氧树脂组合物,其能够在尽可能不降低环氧树脂本来的性能的情况下降低粘度,并且能够给与粘接性、贮藏稳定性等新的赋予效果。
用于解决课题的手段
于是,本发明人们进行深入研究,发现了包含特定的环氧化合物、环氧树脂和胺系固化剂的单组份型环氧树脂组合物,达成了本发明。
即,本发明为一种单组份型环氧树脂组合物,其包含:(A)成分:下述通式(1)所表示的化合物、(B)成分:环氧树脂、及(C)成分:胺系固化剂。
[化学式1]
在上述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,R2及R3分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基或碳原子数1~6的烷氧基,n表示1~3的整数。
发明效果
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物由于为低粘度,并用胺系固化剂时的贮藏稳定性优异,相对于在以往技术中被视为不易粘接的金及工程塑料等也具有优异的粘接性,因此可以适宜用于使用那样的材料的电子材料用途。
具体实施方式
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中的(A)成分为下述通式(1)所表示的化合物。
[化学式2]
在上述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子、或甲基,R2及R3分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基或碳原子数1~6的烷氧基,n表示1~3的整数。
从反应性的观点出发,通式(1)中的R1优选为氢原子。
作为通式(1)中的R2及R3所表示的碳原子数1~6的烷基,可列举出甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、戊基、异戊基、叔戊基及己基等。
此外,作为通式(1)中的R2及R3所表示的碳原子数1~6的烷氧基,可列举出上述所列举的烷基与氧原子键合而得到的基团等。
从更容易发挥本发明的效果的观点出发,通式(1)中的R2及R3优选为氢原子、或碳原子数1~4的烷基,更优选为氢原子。此外,R2及R3可以相同,也可以不同,但从更容易发挥本发明的效果的观点出发,优选为相同。
作为本发明中使用的上述通式(1)所表示的化合物的制造方法,没有特别限制,但例如可列举出将苯乙烯化苯酚利用环氧氯丙烷、或甲基环氧氯丙烷(以下,称为环氧氯丙烷等)进行环氧化的方法。
苯乙烯化苯酚可以通过相对于苯酚并用AlCl3等酸性催化剂等来加成苯乙烯的方法而获得。通过调整苯乙烯相对于苯酚1摩尔的加成摩尔数,来决定通式(1)所表示的n的数。本发明中,n为1~3的整数,优选为1~2的整数。
此外,通式(1)所表示的化合物也可以为n不同的化合物的混合物,该情况下,从低粘度这样的观点出发,n的平均值优选为1.2~1.5。此外,从表现出高粘接性的观点出发,n的平均值优选为2.8~3.0。进而,从兼顾低粘度与高粘接性的观点出发,n的平均值优选为2.2~2.6。
作为相对于苯乙烯化苯酚使环氧氯丙烷等反应的方法,可列举出下述方法:相对于苯乙烯化苯酚1摩尔,使用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾等碱性化合物0.9~1.2摩尔、环氧氯丙烷等1~10摩尔、及根据需要的相转移催化剂,在常压或减压条件下、40~120℃下进行反应。此时,剩余的环氧氯丙烷等优选通过蒸馏操作而除去。
作为上述相转移催化剂,例如可列举出四甲基铵盐、四丁基铵盐等。在使用相转移催化剂的情况下,相对于苯乙烯化苯酚1摩尔,优选使用0.001~0.1摩尔的相转移催化剂。
通过上述方法等而得到的通式(1)所表示的化合物也可以通过使用水或有机溶剂的油水分离、过滤、浓缩、蒸馏、提取、晶析、再结晶、吸附、及柱层分析法等分离精制手段、或将它们组合而得到的手段来进行分离精制。
在制造通式(1)所表示的化合物的情况下,即使经由上述分离精制工序,有时也混合存在与环氧氯丙烷等的反应来源的副产物。本发明中,包含这些副产物在内作为“通式(1)所表示的化合物”处理,通过环氧当量、粘度、总氯量等数值来管理品质。
通式(1)所表示的化合物的环氧当量优选为250~500g/eq.,更优选为280~480g/eq.。需要说明的是,环氧当量可以依据JIS K 7236:2001(对应于ISO3001:1999)来进行测定。
从低粘度这样的观点出发,通式(1)所表示的化合物的环氧当量优选为250~350g/eq.,更优选为280~330g/eq.。
此外,从兼顾低粘度与高粘接性的观点出发,通式(1)所表示的化合物的环氧当量优选为330~450g/eq.,更优选为350~420g/eq.。
进而,从表现出高粘接性的观点出发,通式(1)所表示的化合物的环氧当量优选为400~500g/eq.,更优选为420~480g/eq.。
通式(1)所表示的化合物的25℃下的粘度优选为10mPa·s~300Pa·s,更优选为100mPa·s~200Pa·s。
粘度只要根据用途而适宜选择即可,但在优选低粘度的情况下,通式(1)所表示的化合物的25℃下的粘度优选为50~500mPa·s,更优选为100~250mPa·s。
此外,在优选兼顾低粘度与高粘接性的情况下,25℃的粘度优选为1000~5000mPa·s,更优选为1500~3000mPa·s。
进而,在需要高粘接性的情况下,25℃的粘度优选为10~300Pa·s,更优选为50~200Pa·s。
需要说明的是,粘度可以通过锥板型旋转粘度计(E型粘度计)来进行测定。
粘度的测定条件根据成为对象的试样而不同,具体而言,在测定50~500mPa的试样的情况下,为E型粘度计(使用1°34’×R24锥形转子)、范围H、转速20rpm、25℃。在测定1000~5000mPa的试样的情况下,为E型粘度计(使用3°×R14锥形转子)、范围H、转速10rpm、25℃。在测定50~200Pa的试样的情况下,为E型粘度计(使用3°×R14锥形转子)、范围U、转速2.5rpm、25℃。
通式(1)所表示的化合物的总氯量优选为0~3000ppm,更优选为0~1500ppm。需要说明的是,总氯量可以通过燃烧-电量测定法来进行测定。
作为本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中的(B)成分即环氧树脂,例如可列举出氢醌、间苯二酚、焦儿茶酚、间苯三酚等单核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;二羟基萘、联苯酚、亚甲基双酚(双酚F)、亚甲基双(邻甲酚)、亚乙基双酚、异亚丙基双酚(双酚A)、异亚丙基双(邻甲酚)、四溴双酚A、1,3-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,4-双(4-羟基枯基苯)、1,1,3-三(4-羟基苯基)丁烷、1,1,2,2-四(4-羟基苯基)乙烷、硫代双酚、磺基双酚、氧代双酚、苯酚酚醛清漆、邻甲酚酚醛清漆、乙基苯酚酚醛清漆、丁基苯酚酚醛清漆、辛基苯酚酚醛清漆、间苯二酚酚醛清漆、萜烯酚等多核多元酚化合物的聚缩水甘油醚化合物;乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、硫代二甘醇、二环戊二烯二甲醇、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基丙烷)(氢化双酚A)、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇等多元醇类的聚缩水甘油醚;马来酸、富马酸、衣康酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、辛二酸、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、二聚酸、三聚酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸、均苯三甲酸、均苯四甲酸、四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸、桥亚甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸等脂肪族、芳香族或脂环族多元酸的缩水甘油酯类及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的均聚物或共聚物;N,N-二缩水甘油基苯胺、双(4-(N-甲基-N-缩水甘油基氨基)苯基)甲烷、二缩水甘油基邻甲苯胺、N,N-双(2,3-环氧丙基)-4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-2-甲基苯胺、N,N-双(2,3-环氧丙基)-4-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)苯胺、N,N,N’,N’-四(2,3-环氧丙基)-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷等具有缩水甘油基氨基的环氧化合物;乙烯基环己烯二环氧化物、二环戊二烯二环氧化物、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、双(3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己基甲基)己二酸酯等环状烯烃化合物的环氧化物;环氧化聚丁二烯、环氧化苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等环氧化共轭二烯聚合物、异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯等杂环化合物。它们可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上并用。
上述所列举的环氧树脂中,从获得容易且固化物的诸物性变得良好的方面考虑,优选双酚型环氧树脂。
在本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中,(A)成分具有降低粘度的效果,还具有提高作为各种基材的粘接剂的性能的效果,但在含量过少的情况下,有可能得不到粘度的降低、粘接性能的效果,在含量过多的情况下,有可能组合物的其他诸性能(耐热性、弹性模量)降低。从它们的平衡的观点出发,(A)成分的含量相对于(A)成分与(B)成分的合计质量,优选为1~50质量%,更优选为10~50质量%,进一步更优选为20~40质量%。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中的(C)成分即胺系固化剂可以使用公知的胺系固化剂,例如可列举出乙二胺、1,2-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丙烷、1,3-二氨基丁烷、1,4-二氨基丁烷、六亚甲基二胺等亚烷基二胺类;二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基三胺、四亚乙基五胺等多烷基多胺类;1,4-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二氨基环己烷、1,3-二氨基甲基环己烷、1,2-二氨基环己烷、1,4-二氨基-3,6-二乙基环己烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,3-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、1,4-双(氨基甲基)环己烷、4,4’-二氨基二环己基丙烷、双(4-氨基环己基)砜、4,4’-二氨基二环己基醚、2,2’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、异佛尔酮二胺、降冰片烯二胺等脂环式多胺类;间苯二甲基二胺、二氨基二苯基甲烷、二氨基二苯基砜、二乙基甲苯二胺、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,4-二氨基苯、1-甲基-3,5-二乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、1,3,5-三乙基-2,6-二氨基苯、3,3’-二乙基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷、3,5,3’,5’-四甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯基甲烷等芳香族多胺类;苯并胍胺、乙酰胍胺等胍胺类;2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑、2-苯基-4-甲基咪唑、2-氨基丙基咪唑等咪唑类;草酸二酰肼、丙二酸二酰肼、琥珀酸二酰肼、戊二酸二酰肼、己二酸二酰肼、辛二酸二酰肼、壬二酸二酰肼、癸二酸二酰肼、邻苯二甲酸二酰肼等二酰肼类;N,N-二甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二乙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二异丙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二烯丙基氨基乙基胺、N,N-苄基甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二苄基氨基乙基胺、N,N-环己基甲基氨基乙基胺、N,N-二环己基氨基乙基胺、N-(2-氨基乙基)吡咯烷、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌啶、N-(2-氨基乙基)吗啉、N-(2-氨基乙基)哌嗪、N-(2-氨基乙基)-N’-甲基哌嗪、N,N-二甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二乙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二异丙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二烯丙基氨基丙基胺、N,N-苄基甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二苄基氨基丙基胺、N,N-环己基甲基氨基丙基胺、N,N-二环己基氨基丙基胺、N-(3-氨基丙基)吡咯烷、N-(3-氨基丙基)哌啶、N-(3-氨基丙基)吗啉、N-(3-氨基丙基)哌嗪、N-(3-氨基丙基)-N’-甲基哌啶、4-(N,N-二甲基氨基)苄基胺、4-(N,N-二乙基氨基)苄基胺、4-(N,N-二异丙基氨基)苄基胺、N,N-二甲基异佛尔酮二胺、N,N-二甲基双氨基环己烷、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’-三甲基乙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二甲基丙二胺、N’-乙基-N,N-二苄基氨基丙基胺;N,N-(双氨基丙基)-N-甲基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基乙基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基丙基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基丁基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基戊基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基-2-乙基己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基环己基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基苄基胺、N,N-双氨基丙基烯丙基胺、双〔3-(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二乙基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二异丙基氨基丙基)〕胺、双〔3-(N,N-二丁基氨基丙基)〕胺等。它们可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上并用。
从进一步提高组合物的贮藏稳定性的方面出发,(C)成分优选为胺系潜在性固化剂。胺系潜在性固化剂是在结构中具有氨基、在与包含环氧基的化合物的混合物中室温下的粘度变化、物性变化小的固化剂。本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物通过含有(A)成分,与包含以往的环氧树脂和胺系潜在性固化剂的组合物相比,成为贮藏稳定性优异的组合物。
作为胺系潜在性固化剂,可列举出双氰胺型、咪唑型、多胺型及聚脲型的潜在性固化剂。
作为双氰胺型潜在性固化剂,可列举出双氰胺单独、或根据需要并用了后述的固化促进剂的物质。
咪唑型潜在性固化剂例如可以通过相对于含有活性氢的咪唑化合物在50~150℃下、根据需要使用溶剂使环氧化合物反应1~20小时来获得。在使用溶剂的情况下,反应结束后,在常压或减压下、在80~200℃下除去溶剂。
作为咪唑型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的咪唑化合物,例如可列举出2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-十一烷基咪唑、2-十七烷基咪唑、2-苯基咪唑等。
作为咪唑型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的环氧化合物,例如可列举出作为(B)成分而例示的环氧化合物。
作为咪唑型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的溶剂,可列举出甲乙酮、甲基戊基酮、二乙基酮、丙酮、甲基异丙基酮、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、环己酮等酮类;四氢呋喃、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、丙二醇单甲基醚等醚类;乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丁酯等酯类;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香族烃;四氯化碳、氯仿、三氯乙烯、二氯甲烷等卤代脂肪族烃;氯苯等卤代芳香族烃。
多胺型潜在性固化剂例如可以通过相对于多胺在50~150℃下、根据需要使用溶剂而使环氧化合物反应1~20小时来获得。在使用溶剂的情况下,反应结束后,在常压或减压下、在80~200℃下除去溶剂。
作为多胺型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的多胺,可列举出作为胺系固化剂所例示的胺化合物中具有2个以上活性氢的化合物。它们可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上并用。
作为多胺型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的环氧化合物,例如可列举出作为(B)成分而例示的环氧化合物。
聚脲型潜在性固化剂例如可以通过相对于多胺在50~150℃下、根据需要使用溶剂而使聚异氰酸酯反应1~20小时来获得。在使用溶剂的情况下,在反应结束后,在常压或减压下、在80~200℃下除去溶剂。
作为聚脲型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的多胺,例如可列举出作为胺系固化剂而例示的胺化合物中具有2个以上活性氢的化合物。
作为聚脲型潜在性固化剂的制造中使用的聚异氰酸酯,可列举出苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯等芳香族二异氰酸酯、或六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸二异氰酸酯、环己烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯等含有脂肪族或脂肪族环式结构的二异氰酸酯等。此外,也可以是这些聚异氰酸酯的NCO基被封端剂封端而得到的物质。
作为NCO基的封端剂,例如可列举出丙二酸二酯(丙二酸二乙酯等)、乙酰丙酮、乙酰乙酸酯(乙酰乙酸乙酯等)等活性亚甲基化合物;丙酮肟、甲乙酮肟(MEK肟)、甲基异丁基酮肟(MIBK肟)等肟化合物;甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、庚醇、己醇、辛醇、2-乙基己醇、异壬醇、硬脂醇等一元醇或它们的异构体;乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、二乙二醇单乙醚、三乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单丁醚等乙二醇衍生物;二环己基胺等胺化合物;苯酚、甲酚、乙基苯酚、正丙基苯酚、异丙基苯酚、丁基苯酚、叔丁基苯酚、辛基苯酚、壬基苯酚、十二烷基苯酚、环己基苯酚、氯苯酚、溴苯酚等一元酚类;间苯二酚、儿茶酚、氢醌、双酚A、二烯丙基双酚A、双酚S、双酚F、萘酚等二元酚类;ε-己内酰胺等。
作为(C)成分,在使用胺系潜在性固化剂的情况下,为了提高组合物的贮藏稳定性,也可以并用酚醛树脂类。并用时的酚醛树脂类的使用量例如相对于胺系潜在性固化剂总质量为10~50质量%。
作为酚醛树脂类,例如可列举出苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆树脂、芳香族烃甲醛树脂改性酚醛树脂、二环戊二烯苯酚加成型树脂、苯酚芳烷基树脂(Xylok resin)、萘酚芳烷基树脂、三苯酚基甲烷树脂、四苯酚基乙烷树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-苯酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚-甲酚共缩合酚醛清漆树脂、联苯改性酚醛树脂(苯酚核通过双亚甲基连接而成的多元酚化合物)、联苯改性萘酚树脂(苯酚核通过双亚甲基连接而成的多元萘酚化合物)、氨基三嗪改性酚醛树脂(在分子结构中具有苯酚骨架、三嗪环及伯氨基的化合物)及含烷氧基的芳香环改性酚醛清漆树脂(苯酚核及含烷氧基的芳香环通过甲醛连接而成的多元酚化合物)等多元酚化合物。
胺系潜在性固化剂也可以使用市售品,例如可列举出Adeka Hardener EH-3636AS(株式会社艾迪科制;双氰胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-4351S(株式会社艾迪科制;双氰胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5011S(株式会社艾迪科制;咪唑型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5046S(株式会社艾迪科制;咪唑型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-4357S(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka HardenerEH-5057P(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Adeka Hardener EH-5057PK(株式会社艾迪科制;多胺型潜在性固化剂)、Amicure PN-23(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;胺加成系潜在性固化剂)、Amicure PN-40(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;胺加成系潜在性固化剂)、Amicure VDH(Ajinomoto Fine-Techno株式会社制;酰肼系潜在性固化剂)、Fujicure FXR-1020((株)T&KTOKA制;脲型潜在性固化剂)等。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中的(C)成分的含量相对于(A)成分与(B)成分的合计质量100质量份,优选为1~100质量份,更优选为5~70质量份。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物也可以含有固化促进剂。通过将(C)成分与固化促进剂并用,能够提高固化速度。作为固化促进剂,例如可例示出三苯基膦等膦类;四苯基溴化鏻等鏻盐;苄基二甲基胺、2,4,6-三(二甲基氨基甲基)苯酚等胺类;三甲基氯化铵等季铵盐类;3-(对氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲、3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲、3-苯基-1,1-二甲基脲、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯-二甲基脲、甲苯二异氰酸酯-二甲基脲等脲类;及三氟化硼与胺类或醚化合物等的络合物等。这些固化促进剂可以单独使用,也可以将2种以上并用。固化促进剂的含量没有特别限制,可以根据本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物的用途而适当设定。
固化促进剂也可以为芯壳型的物质,具体而言可列举出日本特公平07-005708号公报、日本专利第4405741号公报等中记载的使以固体状的叔胺作为芯成分、以环氧树脂与胺化合物的反应物作为壳的物质分散于环氧树脂中而得到的母料型固化促进剂。从环氧树脂组合物的贮藏稳定性的观点出发,这些固化促进剂特别优选与硫醇系固化剂、或酸酐并用。
母料型固化促进剂也可以使用市售品,例如可列举出旭化成(株)制的Novacure系列即HX-3742、HX-3721、HXA9322HP、HXA3922HP、HXA3932HP、HXA5945HP、HXA9382HP等。
在本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物中,也可以根据需要添加无机填充剂。作为这样的无机填充剂,例如可列举出熔融二氧化硅、结晶二氧化硅、热解法二氧化硅等二氧化硅、氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、硼酸锌、钼酸锌、碳酸钙、氮化硅、碳化硅、氮化硼、硅酸钙、钛酸钾、氮化铝、氧化铍、氧化锆、锆石、镁橄榄石、块滑石、尖晶石、莫来石、氧化钛等粉体、或将它们球形化而得到的珠、及玻璃纤维等。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物也可以根据需要添加上述无机填充剂以外的添加剂。作为上述添加剂,例如可列举出硅烷偶联剂;邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、苄基醇、煤焦油等非反应性的稀释剂(增塑剂);玻璃纤维、纸浆纤维、合成纤维、陶瓷纤维等纤维质填充材;玻璃布/芳纶布、碳纤维等增强材料;颜料;小烛树蜡、巴西棕榈蜡、木蜡、白蜡、蜂蜡、羊毛脂、鲸蜡、褐煤蜡、石油蜡、脂肪族蜡、脂肪族酯、脂肪族醚、芳香族酯、芳香族醚等润滑剂;增稠剂;触变剂;抗氧化剂;光稳定剂;紫外线吸收剂;阻燃剂;消泡剂;防锈剂;胶体二氧化硅、胶体氧化铝等常用的添加物。本发明中,也可以进一步并用二甲苯树脂、石油树脂等粘合性的树脂类。
从高温高湿下的可靠性的观点出发,本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物优选总氯量少,具体而言,总氯量优选为3000ppm以下,更优选为1500ppm以下。由于总氯量优选少,因此总氯量的理想值为0ppm。需要说明的是,本发明中总氯量可以通过燃烧-电量测定法来测定。
从作业性的观点出发,本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物在25℃下的粘度优选为2.0~50Pa·s,更优选为2.0~30Pa·s。需要说明的是,粘度可以用锥板型旋转粘度计(E型粘度计)进行测定。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物可以通过将(A)~(C)成分、及根据需要添加的任意的成分根据需要一边进行加热处理一边进行搅拌、熔融、混合、分散来制造。该情况的搅拌、熔融、混合、分散中使用的装置没有特别限定,本发明中,可以使用具备搅拌器、加热装置的擂溃机、三辊磨、球磨机、行星式混合器、珠磨机、行星式搅拌机等。此外,也可以将这些装置适当组合使用。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物可以适宜作为粘接剂来使用。作为成为粘接剂的对象的基材,可列举出由玻璃、金属、皮革、木质材料、热塑性树脂及纤维强化塑料等形成的基材。这些基材中,优选为金属基材及热塑性树脂基材,更优选为金属基材。
作为金属的具体例子,可列举出铁、铝、钢、铜、镁及钛、以及这些金属与其他的非铁金属的合金。这些金属中,优选铝。
上述金属基材也可以表面经镀覆加工。作为镀覆加工的种类,例如可列举出镀铬、硬质镀铬、镀镍、非电解镀镍、镀锌、镀金、镀银等。本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物特别是可以适宜作为经镀镍、镀金的金属基材的粘接剂来使用。
作为上述热塑性树脂的具体例子,可列举出氯乙烯系树脂、聚苯乙烯、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯醚、聚碳酸酯、聚醚砜、聚砜、聚苯砜、聚苯硫醚、聚醚醚酮、液晶聚合物等。
包含本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物的粘接剂由于相对于各种基材的粘接性良好,因此可以作为用于将选自上述所列举的基材中的同种的基材彼此、或不同的基材彼此接合的粘接剂来使用。
本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物除了可以适用于粘接剂用途以外,还可以适用于印制电路布线基板用层叠板、积层基板用层间绝缘材料、积层用粘接膜、芯片贴装剂、倒装片安装用底层填料材料、顶部包封(glob top)材料、TCP用液状密封材料、导电性粘接剂、液晶密封材料、柔性基板用覆盖层、抗蚀油墨等电子电路基板用树脂材料;半导体密封材料;光波导或光学膜等光学用材料;树脂铸型材料;LED、光电晶体管、光电二极管、光耦合器、CCD、EPROM、光电传感器等各种光半导体装置;CFRP等纤维强化树脂成形品等各种用途。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明进行具体说明。
[合成例1]
向具备回流装置、搅拌装置、减压装置、滴加装置的烧瓶中,投入苯乙烯化苯酚SP-F(三光(株)制、商品名:SP-F、OH当量=218g/eq)250g(OH当量:1.15eq)、环氧氯丙烷340g(3.68mol),向滴加装置中加入48%氢氧化钠水溶液18.54g(氢氧化钠:0.11mol)。在内部温度60~80℃下一点一点地滴加氢氧化钠水溶液,滴加完成后进一步反应1小时。之后将内压减压至成为150~200hPa为止,在滴加装置中加入48%氢氧化钠水溶液166.88g(氢氧化钠:0.96mol)。一旦内压稳定,用1小时滴加48%氢氧化钠水溶液,由滴加中的反应所产生的水及氢氧化钠水溶液中存在的水通过共沸脱水而除去。之后进一步反应2小时,确认系统内的水的除去完全进行后,将溶液加热至120~130℃,进行常压及减压,从而将剩余的环氧氯丙烷除去。此时,系统内的反应物的环氧当量为317g/eq,可皂化氯量为0.65%。之后,将系统内冷却至60℃,添加甲苯300g、离子交换水200g,进行油水分离。得到进行了3次上述油水分离后的粗环氧化合物的甲苯溶液。
向具备回流装置、搅拌装置、滴加装置的烧瓶中,投入所得到的粗环氧化合物的甲苯溶液,分别添加48%氢氧化钠水溶液11.46g、离子交换水15g,在65℃下搅拌30分钟。之后,在反应溶液中添加苄基三乙基氯化铵0.18g(0.81mmol),在65℃下进一步反应2小时。之后,进行利用甲苯/离子交换水的油水分离、脱溶剂、及过滤,得到环氧化合物1。
环氧化合物1包含通式(1)中R1、R2、R3全部为氢原子、n的平均值为1.3的化合物作为主要成分。环氧化合物1的环氧当量为305g/eq,25℃下的粘度为186mPa·s,可皂化氯量为143ppm,总氯量为755ppm。
需要说明的是,粘度利用锥板型旋转粘度计(E型粘度计)来测定,可皂化氯量依据JIS K 7243进行测定,总氯量通过燃烧-电量测定法进行测定。
[合成例2]
除了将合成例1中使用的苯乙烯化苯酚SP-F250g变更为苯乙烯化苯酚SP-24(三光(株)制、商品名:SP-24、OH当量=308g/eq)353g以外,进行与合成例1同样的操作,得到环氧化合物2。
环氧化合物2包含通式(1)中R1、R2、R3全部为氢原子、n的平均值为2.4的化合物作为主要成分。环氧化合物2的环氧当量为378g/eq,25℃下的粘度为2332mPa·s,可皂化氯量为290ppm,总氯量为730ppm。
[合成例3]
除了将合成例1中使用的苯乙烯化苯酚SP-F250g变更为苯乙烯化苯酚TSP(三光(株)制、商品名:TSP、OH当量=379g/eq)435g以外,进行与合成例1同样的操作,得到环氧化合物3。
环氧化合物3包含通式(1)中R1、R2、R3全部为氢原子、n的平均值为3的化合物作为主要成分。环氧化合物3的环氧当量为460g/eq,25℃下的粘度为95Pa·s,可皂化氯量为210ppm,总氯量为640ppm。
[实施例1、比较例1]
以表1中所示的配方(质量份)制备单组份型环氧树脂组合物,评价各组合物的25℃、40℃下的贮藏稳定性。作为评价方法,计算相对于各组合物刚配合后的粘度在设定了各温度的恒温槽中保管1天、及7天后的粘度的上升率(%)来评价。
配方中使用的材料如下。
(A)成分环氧化合物1:合成例1中制造的化合物
(B)成分EP-4100E:双酚A型环氧树脂、株式会社艾迪科制
(B)成分EP-4088L:二环戊二烯型环氧树脂、株式会社艾迪科制
(C)成分EH-5046S:咪唑型潜在性固化剂、株式会社艾迪科制
[表1]
如表1中所示的那样,获知本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物与配合了以往作为具有环氧树脂的稀释效果的材料已知的二环戊二烯型环氧树脂即EP-4088L的比较例1相比具有同等的粘度,在25℃、40℃的任一温度区域中贮藏稳定性都优异。
[实施例2~5、比较例2、3]
以表2中所示的配方(质量份)制备单组份型环氧树脂组合物,对各组合物的固化物测定剪切强度。
配方中使用的材料如下。
(A)成分环氧化合物1:合成例1中制造的化合物
(A)成分环氧化合物2:合成例2中制造的化合物
(A)成分环氧化合物3:合成例3中制造的化合物
(B)成分EP-4100E:双酚A型环氧树脂、株式会社艾迪科制
(B)成分ED-509E:对叔丁基苯酚缩水甘油醚、株式会社艾迪科制
(C)成分2E4MZ:2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑
无机填充剂RY-200S:热解法二氧化硅(日本Aerosil(株)制)
(剪切强度的测定方法)
剪切强度的测定如下述那样来进行。
在各基材上载置开有直径4mm、高度1mm的孔的硅片材,向孔的内部加入树脂组合物。将其以150℃、2小时的条件固化,制作直径4mm、高度1mm的圆柱状的成形品。之后通过4000Plus Bond tester(Nordson DAGE公司制)来测定剪切强度(MPa)。关于各基材,使用以下的基材。
Au基材:镀金SPCC―SB(株式会社Engineering Test Service制)
PPS基材:Susteel GS-40(株式会社Testpiece制)
Ni基材:镀Ni SPCC-SB(株式会社Testpiece制)
Al基材:A5052P(株式会社Testpiece制)
Cu基材:C1100(株式会社Engineering Test Service制)
[表2]
如表2中所示的那样,获知本发明的单组份型环氧树脂组合物与不使用环氧化合物1~3的树脂组合物相比,在Au、PPS、Ni、Al及Cu的任一基材中剪切强度都优异。
Claims (5)
1.一种单组份型环氧树脂组合物,其包含(A)成分:下述通式(1)所表示的化合物、(B)成分:环氧树脂、及(C)成分:胺系固化剂,
在所述通式(1)中,R1表示氢原子或甲基,R2及R3分别独立地表示氢原子、碳原子数1~6的烷基或碳原子数1~6的烷氧基,n表示1~3的整数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单组份型环氧树脂组合物,其中,(A)成分的质量相对于(A)成分与(B)成分的合计质量为1~50质量%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的单组份型环氧树脂组合物,其中,(C)成分为选自双氰胺型潜在性固化剂、咪唑型潜在性固化剂、多胺型潜在性固化剂及聚脲型潜在性固化剂中的至少1种。
4.一种粘接剂,其包含权利要求1~3中任一项所述的单组份型环氧树脂组合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的粘接剂,其是用于将基材彼此接合的粘接剂,该基材选自由铁、铝、钢、铜、镁、钛及这些金属与其他非铁金属的合金形成的基材、以及对这些基材进行了镀镍加工或镀金加工而得到的基材。
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