CN1186587C - Contact type automatic ice and snow depth measuring method - Google Patents
Contact type automatic ice and snow depth measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1186587C CN1186587C CNB03111668XA CN03111668A CN1186587C CN 1186587 C CN1186587 C CN 1186587C CN B03111668X A CNB03111668X A CN B03111668XA CN 03111668 A CN03111668 A CN 03111668A CN 1186587 C CN1186587 C CN 1186587C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a contact type automatic method for measuring the thickness of ice and snow, which belongs to the technical field of monitoring technology variation in the thickness of ice and snow. The present invention is characterized in that two detecting plates automatically and vertically move in opposite directions in a fixed time to detect distances from a reference point to the surface and the bottom surface of ice and snow, and the variation in the thickness of ice and snow is determined by the distances. A revolution speed transducer and a magnetostriction displacement sensor can be selected for measuring the moving distances of the detecting plates. In order to ensure that the detecting plates are not frozen on the interface of ice and snow, the detecting plates can stay on the interface for 0 to 10 seconds and stays in the position of the reference point in other times; the interval of automatic measurement is selected from 0 to 60 minutes. Because of the adoption of moisture preventing water-proof low temperature resisting processing equipment and the slide of the detecting plates along a supporting rod, the present invention has the effect that the present invention can automatically and accurately measure the variation in thickness under the conditions of wind and snow, moisture, low temperature, flowing water on bottom surfaces and no dynamic power supplies. The present invention has the advantages of convenient carrying, simple operation and low labor intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to polar ice, the living monitoring technology that disappears of snow, cold district hydrology measurement technology, cold district's hydraulic engineering and oceanographic engineering and ice monitoring technical field.Relate to the on-the-spot measurement and the record automatically of ice, snow variation in thickness process.Specially refer to contact and measure the method for ice, snow variation in thickness process automatically.
Background technology
At present, have the method that several measure ice, snow thickness both at home and abroad, concluding is three classes:
The electromagnetic wave of first kind physical detecting technology dependence emission, sound wave etc. penetrate ice sheet, and the time conversion when turning back to receiver with it goes out the thickness of ice, snow.So penetration speed is a key index, but because the character of ice, snow is subjected to the control of its internal temperature, and natural ice, snow temperature change round the clock with temperature, therefore relevant with ice character physical parameter is the changing value in certain limit, causes measurement method that uncertainty than mistake and error component is arranged like this.
The time that the second class physical detecting technology reflects when relying on ultrasound wave and laser to arrive ice, snow interface, calculate distance apart from the interface, measured precision is subjected to the influence that local surfaces rises and falls, and the variation of thickness need could embody test relative with the bottom surface of surface of ice, snow deposit.
The 3rd class is direct borehole survey, and it is simple and reliable, but needs strong physical work, because of limitation of field condition, can't realize observation of fixed place and time.Also done at this point in recent years and reduced blue-collar measure, but timing automatic is measured still existing problems.Though directly the precision of measuring is centimetre, it is reliably accurate, is known as the calibration data of physical detecting ice, snow thickness in the world.
The complete continuous monitoring data that lacks high precision ice, snow deposit generating and vanishing process up to now in the world, the nearly 20 years polar research of China also needs to obtain this key data; Ice thickness degree data is accurately also expected in the cold district's hydrologic observation of China, the engineering design of ice formation, the Bohai Sea.In view of wind and snow, humidity and cryogenic conditions in the in-site measurement and reduce blue-collar consideration, the invention measuring accuracy high and can timing automatic test ice, the method for snow thickness and variation in thickness process becomes ice, snow deposit thermodynamic study and engineering key technologies for application.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is, on direct borehole survey know-why, the method that provides a kind of on-the-spot in the winter time wind and snow, humidity, cryogenic conditions to snow the automatic accurate test ice of continuous fixed point, variation in thickness; This method has solved heavy manual labor and can not regularly fix a point to determine the defective of ice, snow thickness, has also solved the shortcoming that causes uncertain error factor in the physical detecting technology because of ice character temperature influence.To satisfy the accurate ice of setting up and checking ice, snow thermodynamics numerical simulation and definite engineering design parameter needs, the requirement of snow one-tenth-value thickness 1/10.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, distance and the gravity spheroid detecting plate that drive the distance along support bar slip direct detection ice, snow surface apart from another reference point of the detecting plate that drives with the buoyancy spheroid along support bar slip direct detection ice bottom surface apart from reference point, the increase and decrease of range difference reflection ice, snow surface and the bottom surface of different time obtains the variation in thickness process in conjunction with first measured ice, snow thickness.Reference point is defined as the fixed position of detecting plate away from the interface.In order to prevent that detecting plate is frozen on the interface, after detecting plate detects the interface, turn back to reference point locations at short notice and await orders.Utilize position transducer to realize the judgement of reference point and interface location; Utilize speed probe or displacement sensor distance; Utilize the record and the storage capacity of single-chip microcomputer, realize the time-of-the-day order motor movement, write down the data of various sensor feedback, setting-up time and check and correction distance.Use the accumulator scene of solving to lack power issue and, low temperature characteristics moist, use through insulation, waterproof, antiseptic sensor, control instrument and single-chip microcomputer according to the scene.
Effect of the present invention and benefit be, the position at direct detection ice, snow interface, and data are accurately and reliably; Single-chip microcomputer writes down displacement data and the clock time of measuring, and reaches the purpose of automatic storage of data and motor timing working.Measuring accuracy reaches ± 1mm; Can be implemented in on-the-spot wind and snow, humidity, low temperature and the bottom water flow disturbed conditions and use.Has on-the-spot advantage easy to carry, simple to operate.Adopt method of the present invention to solve heavy manual labor and definite defective of icing, avenging thickness of can not regularly fixing a point, also solved the shortcoming that causes uncertain error factor in the physical detecting technology because of ice character temperature influence.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is a synoptic diagram of measuring ice, snow variation in thickness process approach with zero torque speed probe realization contact automatically.
Among the figure: (1) direct current generator; (2) gravity probe ball; (3) buoyancy probe ball; (4) position sends sensor; (5) zero torque speed probe; (6) mechanical gear; (7) there is not flexible rope; (8) swiveling wheel; (9) slide block; (10) contact detecting plate; (11) support bar; (12) ice, snow deposit.
Accompanying drawing 2 is synoptic diagram of measuring ice, snow variation in thickness process approach with mangneto displacement transducer realization contact automatically.
Among the figure: (13) mangneto displacement transducer; (14) magnetic rings; (15) heat insulation coating.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe the embodiment and the most preferred embodiment of the inventive method in detail.
Embodiment 1
Utilize zero torque speed probe realization contact to measure the method for ice, snow variation in thickness process automatically, its specific implementation step is as follows:
1) rise 12V direct current generator (1) with the Nanjing rising sun and do power, purpose is to drive gravity probe ball (2) and buoyancy probe ball (3) action.
2) the HICKEY position that produces with 2 automatic control equipment company limiteds of Wuxi Hengchang sends the position that sensor (4) is determined the probe ball action.
3) HCZ-A type zero torque speed probe (5) the record mechanical gear of producing with 1 automatic control equipment company limited of Wuxi Hengchang (6) arrives the move distance of reference point locations from ice, snow interface; Single-chip microcomputer possesses the ability of correction distance value, and its scope is the 0-55 millimeter; It is 1mm that gear (6) is gone up the per tooth move distance.
4) probe ball (2), (3) are not connected by there being the flexible same swiveling wheel of rope (7) (8); Slide block (9) is installed on the probe ball and is contacted detecting plate (10).
5) detecting plate is along 2 organic glass support bars (11) motions, in case stagnant ice, snow surface is blown and the ice bottom surface current are given birth to the speed that disappears to the influence and the temperature of detecting plate vertical movement to ice, snow by support bar influence; Also available other the low heat conduction nonmetallic materials of support bar (11) are made.
When 6) detecting plate (10) touched ice, snow (12) interface, counter motion was waited for action command next time to reference point locations, freezed with ice, snow interface to prevent detecting plate; Detecting plate is arranged on 0-10 in the residence time at ice, snow interface and selects between second; Detecting plate is disposed between 0-60 minute and selects actuation time.
7) ice, snow surface is relative with bottom surface equipment installs, move toward one another simultaneously, two equipment differ in the plane apart from 30-60 centimetre.
8) select waterproof, protection against the tide, low temperature resistant direct current generator, control instrument and single-chip microcomputer for use, with convenient wind and snow, humidity and cryogenic conditions operate as normal at the scene.
9) use the 12V storage battery power supply, preceding 3 seconds opening power of action beginning, 6 seconds powered-downs after the detection release are being surveyed in the single card microcomputer instruction.
Utilize mangneto displacement transducer realization contact to measure the method for ice, snow variation in thickness process automatically, its specific implementation step is as follows:
1) rise 12V direct current generator (1) with the Nanjing rising sun and do power, purpose is to drive gravity probe ball (2) and buoyancy probe ball (3) action.
2) the HICKEY position that produces with 2 automatic control equipment company limiteds of Wuxi Hengchang sends the position that sensor (4) is determined the probe ball action.
3) with 1 mangneto displacement transducer (13) as 1 support bar; Magnetic rings (14) is enclosed within the mangneto displacement transducer and is fixed on the detecting plate (10), moves with detecting plate; The record magnetic rings arrives the move distance of reference point locations from ice, snow interface; Single-chip microcomputer possesses the ability of correction distance value, and its scope is the 0-55 millimeter; The per tooth move distance of gear (6) is 1mm.
4) metal outer of mangneto displacement transducer carries out heat insulation coating (15), and the caused displacement meter precision reduction of its thickness is no more than 1mm; Another root support bar (11) is made with pmma material, in case temperature is given birth to the influence of the speed that disappears to ice, snow by support bar; Also available other the low heat conduction nonmetallic materials of support bar (11) are made.
5) probe ball (2), (3) are not connected by there being the flexible same swiveling wheel of rope (7) (8); Slide block (9) is installed on the probe ball and is contacted detecting plate (10), and along the motion of 1 support bar (11) and 1 mangneto displacement transducer (13), in case stagnant ice, snow surface is blown and the ice bottom surface current to the influence of detecting plate vertical movement.
When 6) detecting plate (10) touched ice, snow (12) interface, counter motion was waited for action command next time to reference point locations, freezed with ice, snow interface to prevent detecting plate; Detecting plate is arranged on 0-10 in the residence time at ice, snow interface and selects between second; Detecting plate is disposed between 0-60 minute and selects actuation time.
7) ice, snow surface is relative with bottom surface equipment installs, move toward one another simultaneously, two equipment differ in the plane apart from 30-60 centimetre.
8) select waterproof, protection against the tide, low temperature resistant direct current generator, control instrument and single-chip microcomputer for use, with convenient wind and snow, humidity and cryogenic conditions operate as normal at the scene.
9) use the 12V storage battery power supply, preceding 3 seconds opening power of action beginning, 6 seconds powered-downs after the detection release are being surveyed in the single card microcomputer instruction.
Claims (1)
1. contact is measured the method for ice, snow variation in thickness process automatically, automatic mode with contact type measurement ice, snow variation in thickness process is in ice, snow surface and bottom surface detecting plate to be installed, and expresses ice, snow variation in thickness from reference point locations to the variable in distance of icing, avenge the interface by detecting plate; Must select waterproof, protection against the tide, low temperature resistant sensor, control instrument and single-chip microcomputer for use, its feature is as follows:
1) ice, snow surface is relative with bottom surface equipment installs, move toward one another simultaneously, two equipment differ in the plane apart from 30-60 centimetre;
2) the gravity probe ball is not connected with swiveling wheel by there being flexible rope with the buoyancy probe ball; On the probe ball slide block is installed and is contacted detecting plate, probe ball is along the support bar vertical movement;
When 3) detecting plate touched ice, snow interface, counter motion was waited for action command next time to reference point locations; Detecting plate was selected between second at 0-10 in the residence time at ice, snow interface; Detecting plate was selected between 0-60 minute actuation time at interval;
4) use storage battery power supply, survey the preceding opening power automatically of action, survey the automatic powered-down in action back;
5) support bar is made with nonmetallic materials, and the metal material of sensor is outer must heat insulation coating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB03111668XA CN1186587C (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Contact type automatic ice and snow depth measuring method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB03111668XA CN1186587C (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Contact type automatic ice and snow depth measuring method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1448689A CN1448689A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| CN1186587C true CN1186587C (en) | 2005-01-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB03111668XA Expired - Fee Related CN1186587C (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | Contact type automatic ice and snow depth measuring method |
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Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006123977A1 (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Fasitet Trollhättan Aktiebolag | A method for detecting ice on the surface of a fixed structure, a device for performing the method and a fixed structure provided with a device for detecting ice |
| CN100392347C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2008-06-04 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | Plane sensor |
| CN102679861B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2014-07-09 | 太原理工大学 | Dual-system ice layer thickness measuring device |
| CN103983376A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2014-08-13 | 太原理工大学 | Automatic online monitoring device for temperature gradient and thickness of ice layer |
| JP6309868B2 (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2018-04-11 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Shape measuring apparatus and shape measuring method |
| CN107300725B (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2019-09-13 | 华云升达(北京)气象科技有限责任公司 | A kind of magnetic hysteresis is stretched sleet sensor and icing thickness detecting method |
| CN108195281B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2020-11-13 | 太原理工大学 | Ice layer thickness measuring device based on piezomagnetic material |
| CN108444375B (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2020-01-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Real-time measuring device and measuring system for ice layer thickness of ice water pool |
| CN110455237B (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-01-26 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Automatic detection device and method for ice layer thickness |
| CN111198143A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-26 | 大连理工大学 | Electric control type penetrometer for measuring hardness of accumulated snow |
| CN111272058B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2024-06-21 | 北京二十一世纪科技发展有限公司 | Contact thickness measuring device, system using the same, and measuring method thereof |
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