CN1186435A - 维生素d4衍生物在治疗癌症中的应用 - Google Patents
维生素d4衍生物在治疗癌症中的应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1186435A CN1186435A CN96194460A CN96194460A CN1186435A CN 1186435 A CN1186435 A CN 1186435A CN 96194460 A CN96194460 A CN 96194460A CN 96194460 A CN96194460 A CN 96194460A CN 1186435 A CN1186435 A CN 1186435A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- dihydroxyvitamin
- chemical compound
- formula
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims description 9
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000003706 vitamin D4 derivatives Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 201000008275 breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002398 materia medica Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002062 proliferating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011287 therapeutic dose Methods 0.000 claims 1
- DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vitamin D4 Natural products C1CCC2(C)C(C(C)CCC(C)C(C)C)CCC2C1=CC=C1CC(O)CCC1=C DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-JPWDPSJFSA-N vitamin D4 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CC[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-JPWDPSJFSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000022458 calcium metabolism disease Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 73
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 72
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 62
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 62
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 62
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 21
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 18
- OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N alfacalcidol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C OFHCOWSQAMBJIW-AVJTYSNKSA-N 0.000 description 17
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetate Substances CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 12
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 12
- OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-(24xi)-24-methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)C=CC(C)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 OILXMJHPFNGGTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- RQOCXCFLRBRBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-cholesta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)C=CCC(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 RQOCXCFLRBRBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-Dehydrostigmasterol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)C=CC(CC)C(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 OQMZNAMGEHIHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-NXVQYWJNSA-N Ergosterol Natural products CC(C)[C@@H](C)C=C[C@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C3=CC=C4C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@H]3CC[C@]12C DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-NXVQYWJNSA-N 0.000 description 11
- DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-APGDWVJJSA-N ergosterol Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@]3([C@@H]([C@H](C)/C=C/[C@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]33)C)C3=CC=C21 DNVPQKQSNYMLRS-APGDWVJJSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- -1 ergosterol forms vitamin D Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N adenosine Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 8
- 208000017520 skin disease Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 206010047626 Vitamin D Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000003913 calcium metabolism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000902 placebo Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229940068196 placebo Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 7
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010048768 Dermatosis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 6
- ZKQRGSXITBHHPC-VVQHAZRASA-N ergosta-5,7-dien-3beta-ol Chemical compound C1[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H](CC[C@@]3([C@@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@H](C)C(C)C)CC[C@H]33)C)C3=CC=C21 ZKQRGSXITBHHPC-VVQHAZRASA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- NEETXMRNUNEBRH-GOTXBORWSA-N (1r,3s,5z)-5-[(2e)-2-[(1r,3as,7ar)-1-[(2r,5s)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1h-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CC[C@H](C)C(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C NEETXMRNUNEBRH-GOTXBORWSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000037147 Hypercalcaemia Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 108090000573 Osteocalcin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 5
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008168 almond oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000148 hypercalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000030915 hypercalcemia disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000003463 hyperproliferative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-FWTXJDITSA-N (1S,3Z)-3-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(2R,5S)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound [C]1([C@@H]2[CH2][CH2][C@@H]([C@]2([CH2][CH2][CH2]1)[CH3])[C@H]([CH3])[CH2][CH2][C@H](C)[CH]([CH3])[CH3])=[CH][CH]=[C]1[CH2][C@@H](O)[CH2][CH2][C]1=[CH2] DIPPFEXMRDPFBK-FWTXJDITSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019489 Almond oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002126 C01EB10 - Adenosine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 201000004624 Dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 208000000038 Hypoparathyroidism Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102000004067 Osteocalcin Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 208000001132 Osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 201000004681 Psoriasis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N Thymidine Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-XLPZGREQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229960005305 adenosine Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 4
- JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N hydrocortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 JYGXADMDTFJGBT-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001819 mass spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N papaverine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1CC1=NC=CC2=CC(OC)=C(OC)C=C12 XQYZDYMELSJDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 102000009310 vitamin D receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108050000156 vitamin D receptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 206010015150 Erythema Diseases 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001028 anti-proliverative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-sitosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2(C)C3CC=C4CC(O)CCC4C3CCC12C)C(C)C NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000321 erythema Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000012259 ether extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000005229 liver cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 201000008261 skin carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940104230 thymidine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+-)-Isoprenaline Chemical compound CC(C)NCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 JWZZKOKVBUJMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-ZVUFCXRFSA-N 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1([C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@@H](CCCC(C)(C)O)C)=CC=C1C[C@@H](O)C[C@H](O)C1=C GMRQFYUYWCNGIN-ZVUFCXRFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930008281 A03AD01 - Papaverine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beta-D-1-Arabinofuranosylthymine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 DWRXFEITVBNRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020590 Hypercalciuria Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000013038 Hypocalcemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 230000021736 acetylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006640 acetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NUZWLKWWNNJHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthralin Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2O NUZWLKWWNNJHPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-L-thymidine Natural products O=C1NC(=O)C(C)=CN1C1OC(CO)C(O)C1 IQFYYKKMVGJFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000024245 cell differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007766 cera flava Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008278 cosmetic cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N creatinine Chemical compound CN1CC(=O)NC1=N DDRJAANPRJIHGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960002311 dithranol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003494 hepatocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960000890 hydrocortisone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000705 hypocalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940039009 isoproterenol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000003780 keratinization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 2
- JPXMTWWFLBLUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro blue tetrazolium(2+) Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=2C=C(OC)C(=CC=2)[N+]=2N(N=C(N=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1[N+]1=NC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NN1C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 JPXMTWWFLBLUCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000005368 osteomalacia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960001789 papaverine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000007442 rickets Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Se]=O JPJALAQPGMAKDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940100611 topical cream Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007070 tosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- SEBPXHSZHLFWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dihydro-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethyl-2h-1-benzopyran-6-ol Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)CCC2=C1C(C)=C(C)C(O)=C2C SEBPXHSZHLFWRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol Chemical class OCC(O)CCl SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010013043 Acetylesterase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCLCDPVEEFVAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N BCA 1 Chemical compound CC(CO)CCCC(C)C1=CCC(C)(O)C1CC2=C(O)C(O)CCC2=O PCLCDPVEEFVAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010065687 Bone loss Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100025277 C-X-C motif chemokine 13 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100328884 Caenorhabditis elegans sqt-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000055006 Calcitonin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060001064 Calcitonin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000013725 Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010019663 Hepatic failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101000858064 Homo sapiens C-X-C motif chemokine 13 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N Hydroxyproline Chemical compound O[C@H]1CN[C@H](C(O)=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000029663 Hypophosphatemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010025476 Malabsorption Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004155 Malabsorption Syndromes Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029725 Metabolic bone disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920003091 Methocel™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102100031475 Osteocalcin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 206010049088 Osteopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108010081690 Pertussis Toxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000001647 Renal Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039984 Senile osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010041969 Steatorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000053227 Themus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 201000006035 X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].NC(N)=O Chemical compound [N].NC(N)=O PNNCWTXUWKENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001785 acacia senegal l. willd gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007059 acute toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000403 acute toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003708 ampul Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001773 anti-convulsant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124599 anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001961 anticonvulsive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003965 antiepileptics Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000010668 atopic eczema Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229940124748 beta 2 agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005340 bisphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N calcitonin Chemical compound N([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(N)=O)C(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H]1CSSC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1 BBBFJLBPOGFECG-VJVYQDLKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004015 calcitonin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011612 calcitriol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015202 calcium metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKNPEMSZIKCOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(6+);oxygen(2-);dichloride Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+6] AKNPEMSZIKCOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M cobalt(2+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+2].N#[C-].[N-]([C@@H]1[C@H](CC(N)=O)[C@@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H](O[C@@H]3CO)N3C4=CC(C)=C(C)C=C4N=C3)O)\C2=C(C)/C([C@H](C\2(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=N/C/2=C\C([C@H]([C@@]/2(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=N\C\2=C(C)/C2=N[C@]1(C)[C@@](C)(CC(N)=O)[C@@H]2CCC(N)=O AGVAZMGAQJOSFJ-WZHZPDAFSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003246 corticosteroid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WBZKQQHYRPRKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfite Chemical class [O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O WBZKQQHYRPRKNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dl-hydroxyproline Natural products OC1C[NH2+]C(C([O-])=O)C1 PMMYEEVYMWASQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008298 dragée Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006196 drop Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001198 duodenum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002137 ergosterols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940011871 estrogen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000262 estrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000328 estrogen antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N guaiacol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1O LHGVFZTZFXWLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000640 hydroxylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002591 hydroxyproline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000011111 hypophosphatemic rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002510 keratinocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000006370 kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000636 lethal dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229940040145 liniment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000865 liniment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000007903 liver failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000835 liver failure Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002969 morbid Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005311 nuclear magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011164 ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006072 paste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010036067 polydipsia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001685 postmenopausal osteoporosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004765 promyelocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000006409 renal osteodystrophy Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000004492 retinoid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002374 sebum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008299 semisolid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037067 skin hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000001162 steatorrhea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008174 sterile solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003637 steroidlike Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005490 tosylate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-L-hydroxy-proline Natural products ON1CCCC1C(O)=O FGMPLJWBKKVCDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000032349 type 2B vitamin D-dependent rickets Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005544 vitamin D3 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/60—Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K8/606—Nucleosides; Nucleotides; Nucleic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
- A61K31/592—9,10-Secoergostane derivatives, e.g. ergocalciferol, i.e. vitamin D2
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/59—Compounds containing 9, 10- seco- cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene ring systems
- A61K31/593—9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/67—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C35/00—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C35/21—Compounds having at least one hydroxy or O-metal group bound to a carbon atom of a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring polycyclic, at least one hydroxy group bound to a non-condensed ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C401/00—Irradiation products of cholesterol or its derivatives; Vitamin D derivatives, 9,10-seco cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene or analogues obtained by chemical preparation without irradiation
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及可用作用于治疗钙代谢疾病以及乳腺癌和结肠癌之药物组合物中的活性化合物的新型的1α-羟基维生素D4和新型的类似物,并优选为1,24-二羟基维生素D4。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物活性的维生素D4化合物。更具体而言,本发明涉及新型的1α-羟基维生素D4以及用于其合成的新型中间体,新型的1,25-二羟基维生素D4和新型的1,24-二羟基维生素D4。
本发明还涉及包含药物有效量之新型1α-羟基维生素D4化合物的药物组合物,以及通过给药药物有效量之所述新型化合物来控制非正常钙代谢的方法。
背景
已知维生素D在调节动物和人的钙代谢中是非常重要的。见Harrison’s Principals of Internal Medicine:Part Eleven,“Disorders ofBone and Mineral Metabolism,Chapter 335”;E.Braunwald等人,(eds.),McGraw-Hill,NewYork,1987,pp.1860-1865。维生素D的两种最熟知的活性形式是维生素D3和维生素D2。维生素D3是在动物和人的皮肤中内源性合成的,而维生素D2是通过植物供给的维生素D的形式。维生素D2与维生素D3的不同之处在于,维生素D2在C22和C23之间存在一个双键,而且还包含一个C24甲基。在人和鼠中,维生素D3和维生素D2具有等同的生物效用。
维生素D4也被称为经照射的22,23-二氢麦角甾醇或22,23-二氢维生素D2或22,23-二氢麦角钙化甾醇,它与维生素D3的不同之处在于它包含一个C24甲基。维生素D4首次于1936年被披露出。见Grab,W.,Z.Physiol.Chem.243:63(1936);McDonald,F.G.,J.Biol.Chem.,114:IVX(1936)。亦见Windaus,A.和Trautmann,G.,Z.Physiol.Chem.247:185-188(1973)。这些文献对维生素的生物活性水平有一些不同的报道,它们表明,在鼠中,维生素D4只有维生素D3活性的三分之一或四分之三,而在鸡中,则为维生素D3活性的十分之一或五分之一。
DeLuca等人于1968年对维生素D4之生物活性进行了更为明确的研究。见DeLuca等人,Arch.Biochem.Biophys.,124:122-128(1968)。作者们在该文章中确证维生素D4的活性比维生素D3的低。DeLuca等人报道,根据它们的手头资料,在鼠中,维生素D4的活性是维生素D3或维生素D2的三分之二,而在鸡中,是维生素D3活性的五分之一。
DeLuca等人指出“维生素D4自首次为Windhaus和Trautmann披露以来,它的合成显然是很少用到”,并评论到“这可能是因为维生素D4只有学术上的意义”。
就申请人所具有的知识来讲,维生素D4仍只是在学术上有意义,因为自从DeLuca等人报道以来,申请人尚未意识到对维生素D4进行进一步的研究。事实上,Merck Index对维生素D4的说明为,“其生物活性似有疑问”。Merck Index,S.Budavari(ed.),第11版,Merck&Co.,Rahway,N.J.(1989),1579页,#9930。
自从DeLuca等人发现维生素D3的活性形式--1,25-二羟基维生素D3(美国专利3,697,559)及其合成前体--1α-羟基维生素D3(美国专利3,741,996)以来,主要的兴趣都集中在研究这些活性维生素D3代谢物的治疗应用上。令人遗感的是,虽然维生素D3代谢物作为治疗药物有非常大的前途,但是由于这些药物的毒性极大,这种前途没有得以完全实现。例如,毒性限制了维生素D3、其活性形式和类似物防止骨流失或恢复流失骨的效用。许多研究表明,在这些药物可有效地预防和恢复骨流失所需的剂量时,产生了高钙血症和高钙尿症的问题。已有报道1-α羟基维生素D3在2μg/天(在某些研究中表明该剂量可有效防止骨流失)的每日剂量时,可在大约67%的病人中产生毒性。所需的是低毒性的生物活性维生素D代谢物,以使该药物可实际用作治疗药物。
发明概述
本发明之新型化合物,1α-羟基维生素D4、1,25-二羟基维生素D4和1,24-二羟基维生素D4都是维生素D4的活性形式。本发明之发明者发现维生素D4的这些活性形式要比基于先前报道之维生素D4的生物测试所预测的具有更大的生物作用。本发明之发明者还发现到,该新型生物活性化合物的毒性比基于它们的生物效能而预测的要低。高活性和低毒性兼而有之使本发明的化合物可用作治疗钙代谢疾病的治疗药物。本发明的新型化合物会可有利地用作用于治疗由非正常钙代谢所引发之疾病的药物组合物中的活性化合物。
为研究本发明的新型化合物,研制出它们的制备方法则是必须的。合成了α-羟基维生素D4,在该合成过程中还制备了新型中间体。分离出作为1α-羟基维生素D4之生物代谢产物的1,25-二羟基维生素D4和1,24-二羟基维生素D4。
在参考附图检查本发明之以下详细描述时,将可得到本发明的其他优点并对具体的适用症、组份变化、以及理化性质有更全面的了解。
附图简述
以下将参考附图对本发明进行描述,其中所用标号与文中的相同,在图中:
图1说明合成维生素D4的制备步骤;以及
图2描述由维生素D4起始合成1α-羟基维生素D4的制备步骤。
详细说明
本发明提供合成的1α-羟基维生素D4(1α-OH-D4)化合物,以及维生素D4的甲苯磺酰化和环化衍生物。
在此所用术语“生物活性”或“生物活性的”是指,化合物之如可影响代谢,如影响血清钙浓度,或与合适的受体蛋白结合,如与维生素D受体蛋白结合的生化性质。
在其一方面中,本发明包括通式(I)的生物活性化合物,及其盐、水合物和溶剂化物:其中,R1是H或OH,R2是H或OH。式(I)化合物中优选的化合物是其中R1和R2都是H;R1=OH,而R2=H;以及R1=OH的化合物。
在另一方面中,本发明涉及式(I)化合物的制备。1α-羟基维生素D4,即其中R1和R2都是H的式(I)化合物的合成是根据图1和2所示的路线来完成的。如图1所示,合成中使用麦角甾醇作为起始物。使用类似于Barton等人,JCS Perkin I.1976,821-826的方法,麦角甾醇在六步的方法中经过侧链饱和,产生22,23-二氢麦角甾醇(VIII)。然后按照Windaus等人,Z.Physiol.Chem.,1937,147:185所述的方法对22,23-二氢麦角甾醇进行照射,产生维生素D4(22,23-二氢麦角钙化甾醇)(IX)。如图2所示,然后使用类似于Paaren等人,J.Org.Chem.,1980,45:3253中所描述的方法,在四步方法中对维生素D4进行羟基化,产生1α-羟基维生素D4。
具体而言,对麦角甾醇进行乙酰化,形成3β-乙酸酯。该麦角甾醇乙酸酯于5,6双键上进行羟卤化反应,形成6α-氯-5α羟基衍生物。还原并再乙酰化该氯代醇,形成5α-羟基(即5α-醇)衍生物。5α-醇进行氢化,以饱和侧链。所得的3β-乙酰氧基麦角甾-7烯-5α-醇进行还原,产生22,23-脱氢麦角甾醇乙酸酯,再将其还原成22,23-脱氢麦角甾醇。然后照射该22,23-脱氢麦角甾醇,形成维生素D4。接着对维生素D4进行甲苯磺酰化,产生3β-甲磺酰基维生素D4。通过溶剂解来置换该甲苯磺酸酯,产生6-甲氧基-3,5-环维生素D4。环维生素D4进行烯丙位氧化,形成1α-羟基环维生素衍生物。再对该1α-羟基环维生素衍生物进行溶剂解,然后进行Diels-Alder型反应,除去5-甲氧基并从5,6反式-1α羟基维生素D4中分离出1α-羟基维生素D4(5,6-顺式)。
1α-羟基维生素D4的1,24-二羟基维生素D4和1,25-二羟基维生素D4代谢物是通过以下方法合成的:将1α-羟基衍生物与人肝细胞一起温育,培养细胞,然后回收1,24-二羟基或1,25-二羟基维生素D4。使用维生素D受体蛋白结合试验,确定这些代谢物是生物活性的。
已发现式(I)的化合物具有有价值的药理活性,即作为钙代谢,特别是血清钙浓度的控制药物。具体而言,式(I)的化合物可在维生素D缺乏的鼠中增加血清钙浓度。还发现式(I)的化合物具有低毒性,这也增加了它们的药物性质。通过LD50测试,式(I)化合物所具有的毒性与相应的维生素D2化合物类似,但低于相应的维生素D3化合物。因此,本发明的化合物可在各种的临床和兽医领域中应用,而且特别是可用于治疗非正常的钙和磷代谢。
在另一方面中,本发明提供控制钙代谢的方法,例如用于治疗由肝衰竭、肾衰竭、胃肠道衰竭等引起的非正常钙代谢。式(I)的化合物可用于预防性或治疗性地治疗维生素D缺乏疾病及其相关的疾病,例如肾病性骨营养不良,脂肪痢,抗惊厥药引起的骨软化,低磷酸盐血症的抗维生素D佝偻病,骨质疏松症、包括绝经后的骨质疏松症、老年性骨质疏松症、甾体化合物诱发的骨质疏松症,以及其他的以骨质流失为特征的疾病状态、假性缺乏性(维生素D依赖性)佝偻病、营养性和吸收障碍性佝偻病,甲状旁腺机能减退、术后的甲状旁腺机能减退、自发性甲状旁腺机能减退、假性甲状旁腺机能减退和酗酒继发的骨软化和骨质减少。
式(I)的化合物,优选那些其中R1或R2是OH的化合物,如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,对治疗过度增殖性皮肤疾病如牛皮癣、湿疹、皮肤缺乏足够的牢固度、皮肤水化和皮脂分泌是非常有价值的。用于治疗上述皮肤疾病特别优选的是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的(R)立体异构体,即1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,或者是仅含有少量的(S)形式。因此,本发明提供治疗皮肤疾病的方法:向患有所述疾病的患者给药治疗有效量的式(I)化合物,优选其中R1或R2是OH的式(I)化合物,如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。更优选的式(I)化合物是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式。
式(I)化合物,优选其中R1或R2是OH的那些化合物,如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4另外对抑制恶性细胞,如癌细胞的过度增殖活性也是有价值的。换言之,式(I)的化合物,特别是如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4在施用到恶性细胞上时可起到抗增殖药物的作用。用作抗增殖药物时特别优选的是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的(R)立体异构体,即1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式或者是仅含有少量的(S)形式。因此,本发明提供用有效量的式(I)化合物,优选其中R1或R2是OH的式(I)化合物,如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4治疗恶性细胞如人癌症细胞(即抑制它们的过度增殖活性)的方法。式(I)化合物中更优选的是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式。有效量的范围在约1-500μg/剂量。式(I)化合物在治疗癌症中特别有价值的是用于治疗皮肤癌,这构成了本发明的另一方面。
具体而言,式(I)化合物在治疗乳腺癌和结肠癌中是非常有价值的。在另一方面中,本发明提供治疗乳腺癌和结肠癌之过度增殖性细胞作用的方法:其是向患有此病的患者给药治疗有效量的式(I)化合物,优选其中R1或R2是OH的式(I)化合物,如1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。更优选的是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式。
式(I)化合物另外可用于治疗非癌性皮肤疾病如接触性和异位皮炎。
式(I)化合物可作为在治疗例如由非正常钙代谢诱发的疾病时,与维生素D3之活性形式的已知类似物相比具有较低副作用和毒性之药物组合物中的活性化合物。这些药物组合物构成本发明的另一方面。
本发明的药物活性化合物可根据药学中常规的方法进行加工,以制备用于向患者如包括人的哺乳动物给药的药物。例如,式(I)化合物可以是与常规赋形剂的混合物,所述赋形剂例如是适用于经肠(如口服)、非胃肠道、或局部给药,但不与活性化合物反应的药物学上可接受的载体物质。
合适的药物学上可接受的载体包括但不限于水、盐溶液、醇、阿拉伯胶、植物油(例如玉米油、棉籽油、花生油、橄榄油、椰子油)、鱼肝油、油性酯如多乙氧基醚、聚乙二醇、明胶、碳水化合物(例如乳糖、直链淀粉或淀粉)、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、硅酸、粘性石蜡、脂肪酸单甘油酯和二甘油酯、季戊四醇脂肪酸酯、羟甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等等。
药物制剂可进行灭菌,而且如果需要的话可与辅剂混合,如润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、影响渗透压的盐、缓冲液、颜料、调味剂和/或一种或更多种其他活性化合物,例如维生素D3或D2以及它们的1α-羟基化代谢物、缀合的雌激素或它们的等同物、抗雌激素、降钙素、二磷酸酯、钙补充剂、维生素B12、百日咳毒素和硼。
对于非胃肠道给药来说,特别合适的是可注射的无菌溶液,优选的是油性或含水溶液,以及悬浮液、乳液、或植入物,包括栓剂。安瓿也是常规的单元剂量。
在治疗癌症如皮肤癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌时,式(I)的化合物,优选1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,以及更优选的1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,它们的非胃肠道剂量是每单元剂量约0.5-50μg。
在治疗过度增殖性皮肤病如牛皮癣时,式(I)的化合物,优选1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,以及更优选的1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,它们的非胃肠道剂量是每单元剂量约0.5-50μg。
在经肠给药时,特别合适的是片剂、糖衣丸、液体、滴剂、栓剂、锭剂、粉剂或胶囊剂。如果需要甜味载体时,可使用糖浆剂、甘香酒剂等。
可配制成缓释的或直接释放的组合物,如脂质体或那些活性化合物被用那些不同的可降解的包衣如微囊、多层包衣等等保护的组合物。
对于局部使用,可使用合适的非喷雾剂型的粘性、半固体剂型或固体剂型,它们含有一种与局部使用相容并最好有大于水的动力学粘度的载体。合适的制剂包括但不局限于溶液、悬浮液、乳液、乳膏、软膏、粉末、擦剂、油膏剂、气溶胶、透皮药贴等等,如果需要它们可以被消毒或与辅剂如防腐剂、稳定剂、反乳化剂、润湿剂等等混合。
根据本发明之化合物的局部制剂在用于治疗皮肤疾病时可包括如促上皮形成药物如视黄酸类药物(retinoids)(如维生素A)、色原烷醇如维生素E、β-激动剂如异丙基肾上腺素或环腺苷单磷酸酯(cAMP)、抗炎药物如皮质甾类药物(如氢化可的松或其乙酸酯,或地塞米松)以及角膜成形(keratoplastic)药物如煤焦油或anthralin。以组合物的重量计,这些药物的有效量例如为,维生素A是约0.003-3%,维生素E是约0.1-10%;异丙基肾上腺素是约0.1-2%;cAMP是约0.1-1%;氢化可的松是约0.25-5%;煤焦油是约0.2-20%,anthralin是约0.05-2%。
在局部治疗皮肤疾病时,式(I)化合物,优选1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,以及更优选的1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,它们在局部施用之组合物中的剂量是每克组合物约1-100μg。
在治疗癌症时,如皮肤癌、乳腺癌和结肠癌,式(I)化合物,优选1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,以及更优选的1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,它们在局部施用之组合物中的剂量是每克组合物约1-100μg。
在治疗过度增殖性皮肤疾病时,如牛皮癣,式(I)化合物,优选1α,24-二羟基维生素D4,以及更优选的1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,基本上不包含其(S)形式,它们在局部施用之组合物中的剂量是每克组合物约1-100μg。
在直肠给药时,化合物形成在包含栓剂基物如可可油或其他甘油三酯的药物组合物中。为延长储存期,组合物可有利地包含抗氧剂如抗坏血酸、羟基苯甲醚丁酯或氢醌。
优选口服给药本发明的药物组合物。本发明的化合物一般以单元剂量的形式配制,而每单元剂量在药物学上可接受的载体中含有大约0.5-大约25μg。按照本发明之化合物的剂量一般大约为0.01至0.5μg/kg/天,优选大约0.04至0.3μg/k/kg天。
可以理解的是,根据使用的特别化合物的效用、配制成的特殊组合物、使用方式和治疗的特殊部位和器官,活性化合物的实际优选量在特殊情况下会改变。例如,每个特殊病人的专门剂量依赖于许多种因素,如年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药的时间和方式、排泄的速率和合用的药物以及所治疗之特殊疾病的严重程度。例如通过常规的考虑,如目标化合物与已知物的不同活性的常规对比,或者是通过一种合适的常规药理试验方法,可以确定所用剂量。
在另一方面中,本发明的化合物还可有利地用于兽药组合物中,例如用于治疗或预防低钙血症之家畜的饲料组合物。一般情况下,本发明的组合物可配制在动物饲料中,使得正常消耗该饲料时提供给动物约0.01-0.5μg/kg/天。
以下实施例只是用于说明,而非限制本发明。在以下实施例中,所有温度都是摄氏度;除非另有说明,所有的份数和百分比都是以重量为计。质子核磁(1H NMR)光谱是用IBM Sy-200(200mHz)、带有aspect3000计算机的BrukerAm-400(400mHz),在CDCl3溶液中,以CHCl3为内标测定的。红外光谱是用富立叶转换(FTIR)、使用样品以及溴化钾(KBr)片或液体测定的。质谱是用Finnigan MAT-90质谱仪在20eV/C1下测定的。熔点是在Hoover-Thomas(毛细管)Uni-Melt和Fisher-Johns熔点仪(cover-slip型)上测定的。实施例1:1α-羟基维生素D4的合成
将100g(0.25mol)麦角甾醇溶解在600ml无水吡啶和68ml(0.7mol)乙酸酐中,将麦角甾醇(II)转化为麦角甾醇乙酸酯(III)。在室温下搅拌溶液过夜,此后通过添加1.2L冰将溶液冷却,产生沉淀。沉淀物用每份400ml的水洗涤5次,然后用400ml的CH3CN洗涤一次。所得产物在空气下干燥,产生79g(71%)的白色晶体状的麦角甾醇乙酸酯,其具有以下特征:熔点(m.p.):169-171℃;1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 2.05(3H,s,3β-CH3CO),4.65-4.75(1H,m,3α-H),5.15-5.25(2H,m,22-H和23-H),5.4(1H,d,6-H),5.6(1H,d,7-H),FTIR(KBr):1734cm-1(C=O伸缩),968cm-1(C-H弯曲)。
将麦角甾醇乙酸酯(III)(26gm,0.062M)溶解在2.5L的新蒸馏出的脱氧甲苯中。在氮气、-78℃下,在30分钟的时间内向该溶液中添加9ml(0.111mol)溶解在240ml无水二氯甲烷中的铬酰氯。再在-78℃下搅拌该反应系统15分钟,然后一次性添加62ml饱和的硼氢化钠乙醇溶液。在-78℃下又搅拌了15分钟后,反应溶液倾倒至3N盐酸(3L)和苯(3L)组成的两相系统中。分离有机层,然后用水(2L)洗涤,再用盐水溶液(2×1L)洗涤二次,接着用无水硫酸镁干燥。经干燥的溶液过滤,在真空下浓缩。用CH3CN(280ml)处理粗晶体产物,然后过滤由此形成的浆液,产生12.5g(41%)的白色晶体状3β-乙酰氧基-6α-氯麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α-醇(IV),其具有以下特征:m.p.:190-192℃;1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 2.05(3H,s,3β-OAc),4.65(1H,d,6β-H),5.1(1H,s,7-H),5.1-5.3(2H,m,22-H和23-H);FTIR(KBr):1732cm-1(C=O伸缩),968cm-1(C-H弯曲),3437cm-1(O-H伸缩)。
在室温和氮气下,将3β-乙酰氧基-6α-氯麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α-醇(IV)(21.4g,0.044mol)在无水THF(900ml)中的溶液缓慢加至氢化锂铝(2.66g,0.07mol)在无水THF(750ml)中的搅拌悬浮液中。混合物回流3小时,然后冷却至0℃。用饱和硫酸钠溶液分解过量的氢化物。由无水硫酸钠中过滤,蒸发滤液,产生一固体,该固体直接用乙酸酐(110ml)和无水吡啶(220ml)在0℃下处理。减压除去溶剂,产生乙酸酯(12.75g,61%),3β-乙酰氧基-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α-醇(V),其具有以下特征:m.p.:229-232℃;FTIR(KBr)1736cm-1(C=O伸缩),3460cm-1(O-H伸缩),972cm-1(C-H弯曲)。
3β-乙酰氧基-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-5α-醇(V)(2.5g,0.0055mol)与新制的PtO2(0.5g)之乙酸乙酯溶液(820ml)在H2气(15psi)下一起振摇16小时。过滤除去催化剂,蒸发滤液,产生粗的乙酸酯,将该乙酸酯溶解在二氯甲烷中,然后在硅胶上层析。用二氯甲烷洗脱,产生基本上为纯的白色晶体状的3β-乙酰氧基-麦角甾-7-烯-5α-醇(VI)(2.15g,85%),其具有以下特征:m.p.:228-232℃;1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 2.05(3H,s,3β-OAc),5.05-5.20(2H,s,3α-H和7-H);FTIR(KBr):1736cm-1(C=O伸缩),3462cm-1(O-H伸缩)。
在0℃和氮气下,将在无水吡啶(170ml)中的重新蒸馏的亚硫酰氯(9.7ml)添加至化合物3β-乙酰氧基-麦角甾-7-烯-5α-醇(VI)之无水吡啶(800ml)溶液中。2.5小时后,用冰水(1.5L)稀释溶液,并用2份醚(2.5L+1.5L)萃取。合并的醚萃取液用碳酸氢钠溶液(1.0L×2)洗涤,然后再用1NHCl(1.5L×2)和水(1L)洗涤。醚溶液用硫酸镁干燥,然后过滤,再减压蒸发,产生粗产物,该产物用CH3CN(100ml)转化成浆液。过滤收集产物,并用CH3CN重结晶,得到4.5g(39%)白色晶体状22,23-二氢麦角甾醇乙酸酯(VII),其具有以下特征:m.p.:144-147℃;1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 2.05(3H,s,3β-OAc),4.65-4.75(1H,m,3α-H),5.4(1H,d,6-H),5.6(1H,d,7-H);FTIR(KBr):1734cm-1(C=O伸缩)。
立即在室温下将22,23-二氢麦角甾醇乙酸酯(VII)(4.8g,0.011mol)添加至氢化锂铝(2.5g,0.066mol)之无水醚(1.1L)搅拌悬浮液中。在室温下搅拌混合物2小时。添加5N氢氧化钠,以破坏过量的氢化锂铝,然后再加入水(500ml)。含水溶液用4份250ml的醚萃取。合并的醚萃取液以及合并的有机层用盐水溶液(1L)洗涤,然后用硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸发醚,得到白色晶体状化合物22,23-二氢麦角甾醇(VIII)(4.1g,94%),其具有以下特征:m.p.:147-150℃;1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 3.6-3.7(1H,m,3α-H),5.4(1H,d,6-H),5.6(1H,d,7-H);FTIR(KBr):3400(O-H伸缩)。
将22,23-二氢麦角甾醇(VIII)(2.0g,5.0mmol)溶解在乙醚和苯(4∶1,600ml)的溶液中,然后在氩气和搅拌下,在水冷石英容器中照射(Hannovia浸没灯,450瓦)3小时。在真空下浓缩该溶液,产生胶状固体,将该固体重新溶解在100ml乙醇中,在氩气下加入回流8小时。然后在真空下浓缩该溶液,残留物用硅胶柱吸附,用30%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到维生素D4(22,23-二氢钙化甾醇)(IX),收率为1.2g(60%),其具有以下特征:1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 0.55(3H,s,18-H3),0.78(6H,dd,26H3和27-H3),0.87(3H,d,21-H3),0.93(3H,d,28-H3),3.94(1H,m,3-H),4.82(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),5.04(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),6.04(1H,d,7-H),6.24(1H,d,6-H)。
在0℃下将新重结晶的对甲苯磺酰氯(3.6g,19mmol)添加至维生素D4(IX)(3.0g,7.5mmol)之10ml无水吡啶搅拌溶液中。反应混合物在5℃下搅拌24小时,然后立即将混合物倾倒至冰和饱和碳酸氢钠(100ml)上,并同时搅拌。用二氯甲烷(3×300ml)萃取含水悬浮液。合并的有机萃取液用10%盐酸(3×200ml)、饱和的碳酸氢钠(3×200ml)和饱和的氯化钠(2×200ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在真空下浓缩,产生3.5g(84%)的新中间体化合物维生素D4甲苯磺酸酯(X),其具有以下特征:1HNMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 0.54(3H,s,18-H3),0.78(6H,dd,26H3和27-H3),0.87(3H,d,21-H3),0.93(3H,d,28-H3),2.45(3H,s,CH3(甲苯磺酸酯)),4.68(1H,m,3-H),4.82(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),5.04(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),5.95(1H,d,7-H),6.09(1H,d,6-H),7.34和7.79(4H,d,芳香)。
在碳酸氢钠(17.0g,202mmol)之甲醇(200ml)搅拌悬浮液中滴加维生素D4甲苯磺酸酯(X)(3.5g,6.3mmol)之无水二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液。反应混合物在氩气下回流过夜,然后冷却至室温,在真空下浓缩至约50ml。反应浓缩液用醚(600ml)稀释,用水(3×300ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,再在真空下浓缩。残留物通过硅胶柱,用10%乙酸乙酯的己烷溶液洗脱,得到新中间体化合物3,5环维生素D4(XI)(粘稠油状物),收率1.5g(58%),其具有以下特征:1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 0.56(3H,s,18-H3),0.78(6H,dd,26H3和27-H3),0.87(3H,d,21-H3),0.94(3H,d,28-H3),3.28(3H,s,OCH3),4.2(1H,d,6-H),4.91(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),4.98(1H,d,7-H),5.08(1H,m(尖峰),19-H)。
在三颈烧瓶中,将t-丁基过氧化氢之甲苯(3M)(2.6ml,7.8mmol)溶液添加至二氧化硒(0.22g,2mmol)之无水二氯甲烷溶液中。混合物在氩气下搅拌3小时。然后添加吡啶(0.3ml,3.7mmol),以在二氯甲烷中之溶液的形式引入环维生素D4(XI)(1.5g,3.6mmol)。搅拌30分钟后,添加10%氢氧化钠水溶液(200ml)。反应混合物用醚(50ml)稀释,并产生相分离。有机相用10%氢氧化钠(3×200ml)、水(2×200ml)和饱和氯化钠溶液(2×200ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在真空下浓缩。残留物用硅胶柱吸附,用30%乙酸乙酯之己烷溶液洗脱,得到0.45g(29%)新中间体混合物1α-羟基3,5-环维生素D4(XII)(油状物),其具有以下特征:1H NMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm 0.54(3H,s,18-H3),0.78(6H,dd,26H3和27-H3),0.86(3H,d,21-H3),0.95(3H,d,28-H3),3.26(3H,s,OCH3),4.2(1H,d,6-H),4.22(1H,m,1-H),4.95(1H,d,7-H),5.18(1H,d,19-H),5.22(1H,d,19-H)。
于氩气下将在二甲基亚砜(4.5ml)和冰醋酸(3.6ml)溶液中的1α-羟基3,5-环维生素D4(XII)(0.45g,1.05mmol)加热至50℃1小时。反应混合物倾倒至冰和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(100ml)上,然后用醚(3×200ml)萃取。合并的醚萃取液用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(3×200ml)、水(3×200ml)和饱和氯化钠溶液(3×200ml)洗涤,用硫酸镁干燥,然后在真空下浓缩,得到包含5,6-顺和5,6-反式1α-羟基维生素D4的混合物(1H NMR测定约为4∶1)0.4g(92%)。将5,6-顺和5,6-反式1α-羟基维生素D4的混合物(0.4g,0.97mmol)溶解在乙酸乙酯(25ml)中,然后用新重结晶的马来酸酐(0.08g,0.8mmol)处理。反应混合物在氩气下加热至35℃24小时。在真空下蒸发溶剂后,粗混合物用硅胶柱色谱纯制,其使用乙酸乙酯和己烷(1∶1)作为洗脱液,得到维生素D4的新活性形式,5,6-顺式1α-羟基维生素D4(XIII),收率90mg(23%),其具有以下特征:m.p.:128-130℃;IR Vmax(净):3400cm-1(OH伸缩);1HNMR:(400MHz,CDCl3),δppm0.55(3H,s,18-H3),0.79(6H,dd,26H3和27-H3),0.87(3H,d,21-H3),0.94(3H,d,28-H3),4.24(1H,m,3-H),4.44(1H,m,1-H),5.02(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),5.34(1H,m(尖峰),19-H),6.02(1H,d,7-H),6.4(1H,d,6-H);质谱[Cl]m/e(相对强度):415(M+1,41%),397(M+1-OH,100%),379(27%),135(22%)。实施例2:1α-羟基维生素D4的生物测试
雄性weanling鼠(Holtzman系,Holtzman公司,Madison,Wisconsin)用包含足量钙(0.47%)和磷(0.3%)的维生素D缺乏饲料喂养。在3-4周内,该饮食诱发以低血清钙和生长差为特征的极度维生素D缺乏症。用该饲料喂养4周后,鼠的血清钙值低于7mg/dl。然后将鼠分为4组,并口服给药在如椰子油之类的载体中的1α-羟基维生素D4或者载体(对照)各14天。在最后给药后的24小时,将鼠杀死,并用标准实验室技术测定血钙。测量结果见表1。
表1
血清钙浓度的增加
化合物 | 剂量(gμ/kg/天) | 鼠的数量 | 血清钙浓度(mg/dl)±标准差 |
对照 | - | 10 | 6.1±0.48 |
1α-OH-D4 | 0.042 | 8 | 7.1±0.80 |
1α-OH-D4 | 0.250 | 7 | 11.6±0.45 |
1α-OH-D4 | 1.500 | 9 | 12.7±0.37 |
表1的数据表明,1α-羟基维生素D4对于增加维生素D缺乏鼠的血清钙是有效的,而且该应答似乎是剂量依赖型的。令人惊奇的是,应答水平相比于Wientroub等人报导的在类似于上述实验条件下向维生素D缺乏鼠给药1,25-二羟基维生素D3,是更有利的。见Wientroub,S.,Price,P.A.,Reddi,A.H.,“The Dichotomy in the Effects of 1,25dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 24,25 digydroxy vitamin D3 on Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamic Acid-Containing Protein in Serum and Bone in vitamin D-Deficient Rats,”Calcif.Tissue Int.(1987)40:166-172。实施例3:毒性测试
使用已知的方法通过测定平均致死剂量(LD50)来估测1α-OH-D4的口服急性毒性。给鼠喂养标准的实验室饲料8-10周。向各性别的5只鼠给药一个口服剂量的1α-OH-D4。观察动物14天,记录死亡数量。确定LD50值在雄性中为约1.0mg/kg,在雌性中为3.0mg/kg。
相比而言,申请人发现1α-羟基维生素D2在相同条件下的LD50值在雄性和雌性鼠中分别为1.7和1.8mg/kg。1α-羟基维生素D2的毒性已有报导比1α-羟基维生素D3低。Sjoden,G.,Smith,C.,Lindgren,U.,和DeLuca,H.F.,Proc.Soc.Experimental Biol.Med.,178:432-436(1985)。实施例4:1,25-二羟基维生素D4的产生和分离
将本发明的1α-羟基维生素D4与经培养的人肝细胞一起温育,该肝细胞可将化合物代谢成几种包括1,25-二羟基维生素D4的代谢物。分离1,25代谢物,并用高压液相色谱纯制,用气相色谱-质谱鉴定。结合实验证明1,25-二羟基维生素D4对哺乳动物维生素D受体蛋白具有良好的结合亲和性,这表明其具有生物活性。所用方法类似于Strugnell等人在Biochem.Pharm.,卷40,333-341页(1990)中所描述的。实施例5:1,24-二羟基维生素D4的产生和分离
1,24-二羟基维生素D4的产生和分离与上述实施例4相同。将本发明的1α-羟基维生素D4与经培养的人肝细胞一起温育,该肝细胞可将化合物代谢成几种包括1,24-二羟基维生素D4的代谢物。分离1,24代谢物,并用高压液相色谱纯制,用气相色谱-质谱鉴定。用新代谢物的结合实验证明该代谢物对哺乳动物维生素D受体蛋白具有良好的结合亲和性,这表明其具有生物活性。实施例6:高钙血症测试
雌性鼠喂养包含0.8%钙(0.8%)和磷(0.6%)的市售饲料。将鼠分为4组,各组每日口服给药在如椰子油之类的载体中的1α-羟基维生素D4或者载体(对照)各13天。在最后给药后的24小时,将鼠杀死,并用标准方法测定血清钙。
该实验证明,在最高至2.5μg/kg/天剂量的1α-羟基维生素D4时,血清钙浓度未受影响或者是只略微上升。实施例7:进一步的生物测试
雄性weanling鼠给予维生素D缺乏并低钙(0.02%)的饲料。4周过后,将鼠分为4组,并静脉给药在如乙醇之载体中的1α-OH-D4或载体(对照)。在给药16小时后,将鼠杀死,根据Martin和Deluca,Am.J.Physiol.216:135-1359的方法,用外翻十二指肠囊测定钙的肠内转运。
该实验证明钙肠内转运的刺激是剂量依赖性的。实施例8:
用年龄在55-75岁之间的绝经后骨质疏松症患者进行临床研究。该研究涉及多至120位患者,这些患者随机分为3个治疗组,并持续12-24个月。两个治疗组接受固定剂量的1α-OH-维生素D4(u.i.d.;两种大于3.0μg/天的不同剂量水平),另外一组接受相应的安慰剂。所有患者都维持饮食中钙的正常吸收(500-800mg/天),并避免使用钙补充剂。通过患者组在以下方面的治疗前和治疗后的对比估测效用:(a)通过X-射线吸收计(DEXA)确定的总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的矿物质密度;(b)髂骨嵴的骨活组织检查;和(c)血清骨钙素的确定。通过比较尿羟基脯氨酸排泄、血清和尿钙水平、肌酸酐清除、血尿素氮、以及其他常规测定,评价安全性。
该研究证明用1α-OH-维生素D4治疗的患者与用安慰剂治疗的患者相比,具有明显更高的总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的矿物质密度。治疗的患者还表现出明显升高的血清骨钙素。经治疗之患者的骨活组织检查表明,1α-OH-维生素D4刺激正常的骨形成。监测的安全参数证实,没有明显地发生高钙血症或高钙尿症,而且1α-OH-维生素D4治疗没有引起任何代谢紊乱。实施例9:
用年龄在55-60岁之间的健康绝经后妇女进行临床研究。该研究涉及多至80位患者,这些患者随机分为2个治疗组,并持续12-24个月。一个治疗组接受固定剂量的1α-OH-维生素D4(u.i.d.;大于3.0μg/天的剂量水平),而另一组接受相应的安慰剂。按与实施例2所述进行该研究。
该研究表明,用1α-OH-维生素D4治疗的患者相对于基线值降低了总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的矿物质密度的流失。相反地,相对于基线值,用安慰剂治疗之患者的这些参数都表现出明显的减少。监测的安全参数证实在该剂量水平下长期给药1α-OH-维生素D4是安全的。实施例10:
在患有肾病经过长期血液透析的男人和/或女人中进行了一项12月的双盲安慰剂对照的临床实验。所有病人参加了一个八周对照期,在此期间他们接受维生素D3的维持剂量(400IU/天)。对照期后病人被随机分为两个治疗组:一组接受固定剂量的1α-OH-维生素D4(u.i.d.;剂量大于3.0μg/天),另外一组接受相应的安慰剂。所有治疗组接受维生素D3的维持剂量,维持饮食中钙的正常吸收并避免使用钙补充剂。通过患者组在以下方面的治疗前和治疗后的对比估测效用:(a)肠内的钙吸收的直接测量;(b)总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的矿物质密度;和(c)血清钙和骨钙素的确定。通过监测血清钙,评价安全性。
该临床数据的分析表明,通过使用单或双同位素技术的测定,1α-OH-维生素D4显著增加血清骨钙素水平和肠内钙吸收。用该化合物治疗的患者表现出正常的血清钙水平,与基线相比稳定的总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的矿物质密度。相反地,用安慰剂治疗的患者表现出频繁发生低钙血症,总体、桡骨、股骨和/或脊椎骨的骨密度显著降低。在治疗组中,观察到高钙血症无显著发生。实施例11:药物制剂
将1.0mg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在1g杏仁油中,制得局部用乳膏。在该溶液中添加40gm矿物油和20g自乳化性的蜂蜡。将混合物加热,以便液化。在添加40ml热水后,将混合物混合完全。所得乳膏包含大约10μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克乳膏。实施例12:
将1.0mg1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在30g杏仁油中,制得软膏。在该溶液中添加70gm白色软石蜡,该石蜡已加热至足以液化的程度。将软膏混合完全,然后冷却。所得软膏包含大约10μg1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克软膏。实施例13:
在实施例12的软膏中添加0.5g腺苷和2.0g罂粟碱,并同时彻底混合,后两种化合物都溶解在最小量的二甲基亚砜中。所添加组份的量为约0.5wt%(腺苷)和2wt%(罂粟碱)。实施例14:
在实施例12的软膏中添加溶解在最小量之植物油中的10000U维生素A,并同时彻底混合。所得软膏包含约100U维生素A每克软膏。实施例15:
将1.0mg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在100g无水丙二醇中,制得皮肤用洗剂。将该洗剂盛放在棕色瓶中,存放在冰箱中,该洗剂包含约10μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克洗剂。实施例16:
将0.2mg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在1g杏仁油,制得局部用乳膏。在该溶液中添加40gm矿物油和20g自乳化性的蜂蜡,然后添加40ml热水。将混合物混合完全,制得包含大约2.0μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克乳膏的化妆用乳膏。实施例17:
在实施例16制得的化妆用乳膏中添加100mg腺苷。将乳膏混合完全,该乳膏包含约0.1wt%腺苷。实施例18:
将100μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在30g杏仁油中,制得软膏。在如此制得的溶液中添加70g白色软石蜡,该石蜡已加热至足以液化的程度。将软膏混合完全,然后冷却。所得软膏包含大约1.0μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克软膏。实施例19:
在实施例18制得的化妆用软膏中添加溶解在最小量植物油中的200U/g维生素A,并同时彻底混合。实施例20:
将300μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4溶解在100g无水丙二醇中,制得皮肤用洗剂。将该洗剂盛放在棕色瓶中,存放在冰箱中,该洗剂包含约3.0μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4每克洗剂。实施例21:皮肤病学测试
评价包含1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的组合物在局部治疗皮炎(接触性和异位)时的组合物治疗效用。所要评价的组合物是在凡士林油-杏仁油基料中每克软膏包含10μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的软膏。对照组合物是不包含活性药物1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的相同软膏。在非临床中治疗患者。要求他们一天使用该制剂两次。
该软膏要尽可能地用于一个损害处或者是患病区域。在治疗开始之前称量软膏及其内含物的重量,并在治疗结束时再称量任何未使用之组份的重量。
估算并记录待治疗之损害区域,如果需要的话,将该损害处和合适的“对照”损害一起照相。后者优选是相同面积和发展阶段的损害,这既可以是在治疗损害处的附近也可以是相互对称的。记录照相过程的相关细节(距离、孔径、角度、背景等),以便在下次照相损害处时进行重复。每日施用软膏两次,优选没有覆盖物。“对照”损害是未经处理的,但如果这是不可能的话,记录在其上进行的治疗。
以每周间隔,由医师进行对红斑、结痂和厚度的估测,损害的严重程度分为0-3级。最终估测通常是在4-6周的治疗结束后进行。用1α,24-二羟基维生素D4治疗的损害比对照损害的分值低。还观察到没有显著发生高钙血症。实施例22:表皮细胞的分化和增殖测试
根据对原始由Rheinwald和Green(细胞,卷6,331页(1975))描述之系统的已知改进,培养人角化细胞。将溶解在乙醇中的1α,24-二羟基维生素D4添加至细胞中,产生在0.05-5μg/ml之间的各种浓度,其中乙醇的浓度不超过0.5%v/v。对照培养是补充乙醇至最终浓度0.5%v/v。
通过以下方法检查表皮细胞在培养基中的分化和增殖:
1、测定角化膜;
2、测定附着在培养皿上的细胞的细胞密度;
3、监测转谷氨酶的活性;或
4、通过掺入3H-胸苷来监测DNA的合成。
与1α,24-二羟基维生素D4一起温育的培养物比对照培养物具有更多的角化膜,非常少的附着细胞,更高的转谷氨酶活性,以及较低的DNA合成。实施例23:1α,24-二羟基维生素D4在HL-60细胞分化试验中的活性
如DeLuca和Ostrom(DeLuca,H.F.和Ostrem,V.K.,Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.,259卷,41-55页(1988))所述,用1α,24-二羟基维生素D4进行HL-60细胞分化试验中的剂量-应答研究。在该研究中,1α,25-二羟基维生素D3作为阳性对照,并用合适的溶剂作为阴性对照。估测以下变量:非特异性酸酯酶的活性、氮蓝四唑(NBT)的还原、和胸苷的掺入。结果表明1α,24-二羟基维生素D4具有促进HL-60细胞前髓细胞分化为单核细胞的较强活性。实施例24:1α,24-二羟基维生素D4在人癌细胞株中的抗增殖活性
在人癌细胞株组中用1α,24-二羟基维生素D4进行剂量-应答研究。如Shieh,H.L.等人,Chem.Biol.Interact.,81卷,35-55页(1982)的描述,这些细胞株包括但不限于:BCA-1或ZR-75-1(乳)和COL-1(结肠)。在该研究中,合适的溶剂用作阴性对照。结果表明,通过抑制胸苷的掺入,1α,24-二羟基维生素D4具有较强的(且可逆的)抗增殖活性。实施例25:治疗牛皮癣
在对治疗皮炎(接触性和异位)之组合物的治疗效用进行双盲研究中,估测包含1α,24-二羟基维生素D4的口服剂量组合物。所估测的组合物包含1.0-10.0μg 1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。对照组合物除不包含1α,24-二羟基维生素D4外都相同。患者在非临床中治疗,并分成实验和对照人群。指示他们每日在早饭前用药一次。
在各患者(实验和对照)中,选择包括损害的皮肤区域,该区域通常为衣服所覆盖,并指示患者勿将选用于研究中的皮肤暴露在阳光下。估算并记录待治疗之损害区域,并将该损害处照相。记录照相过程的相关细节(距离、孔径、角度、背景等),以便在下次照相损害处时进行重复。
以每周间隔,由医师进行对红斑、结痂和厚度的估测。最终估测通常是在4-6周的治疗结束后进行。研究的结果表明,每日口服1α,24-二羟基维生素D4与对照相比可显著减少红斑、结痂和厚度的程度。
虽然已对本发明进行了描述,并用某些实施例进行了例举,但是本领域技术人员还可进行各种改进,包括对已描述的东西改动、添加和删除。因此,这些改进亦欲包括在本发明的范围内,而且本发明的范围只能由与所附权利要求书相一致的最宽的法律解释来限定。
Claims (15)
1、抑制人癌症细胞过度增殖活性的方法,其包括用有效量的式(I)化合物和其盐、水合物和溶剂化物治疗癌细胞:其中,R1是H或OH,R2是H或OH。
2、如权利要求1的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。
3、如权利要求2的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,其基本上不含其(S)形式。
4、如权利要求1的方法,其中,所述量为约1-500μg/剂量。
6、如权利要求5的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。
7、如权利要求6的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,其基本上不含其(S)形式。
8、如权利要求5的方法,其中,所述治疗量为约1-500μg/剂量。
10、如权利要求9的药物组合物,其中,所述组合物是口服组合物,而且所述式(I)化合物在组合物中的浓度为约1μg/g-100μg/g。
11、如权利要求10的组合物,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。
12、如权利要求11的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,其基本上不含其(S)形式。
13、如权利要求9的药物组合物,其中,所述组合物是局部给药组合物,而且所述式(I)化合物在组合物中的浓度为约1μg/g-100μg/g。
14、如权利要求13的组合物,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24-二羟基维生素D4。
15、如权利要求14的方法,其中,式(I)的化合物是1α,24(R)-二羟基维生素D4,其基本上不含其(S)形式。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/486,387 | 1995-06-07 | ||
US08/486,387 US5798345A (en) | 1990-09-21 | 1995-06-07 | Method of inhibiting the hyperproliferation of malignant cells |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1186435A true CN1186435A (zh) | 1998-07-01 |
Family
ID=23931691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96194460A Pending CN1186435A (zh) | 1995-06-07 | 1996-06-06 | 维生素d4衍生物在治疗癌症中的应用 |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5798345A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0831839A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH11506791A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR19990022320A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1186435A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU718625B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9608488A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2222593A1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUP9900905A3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL323866A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996040153A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6538037B2 (en) | 1991-01-08 | 2003-03-25 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Methods for preparation and use of 1α,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2 |
US20040009958A1 (en) * | 1991-01-08 | 2004-01-15 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Methods for preparation and use of 1alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2 |
US6407082B1 (en) * | 1996-09-13 | 2002-06-18 | New Life Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Prevention of ovarian cancer by administration of a vitamin D compound |
US5763429A (en) | 1993-09-10 | 1998-06-09 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Method of treating prostatic diseases using active vitamin D analogues |
US20020128240A1 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2002-09-12 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Treatment of hyperproliferative diseases using active vitamin D analogues |
US6566353B2 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2003-05-20 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Method of treating malignancy associated hypercalcemia using active vitamin D analogues |
US6503893B2 (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 2003-01-07 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Method of treating hyperproliferative diseases using active vitamin D analogues |
US6573256B2 (en) | 1996-12-30 | 2003-06-03 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Method of inhibiting angiogenesis using active vitamin D analogues |
JP2001511811A (ja) | 1997-02-13 | 2001-08-14 | ボーン ケア インターナショナル インコーポレイテッド | ビタミンd化合物の標的治療放出 |
AUPO727097A0 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1997-07-03 | Unisearch Limited | Method of treatment of hepatoma and pharmaceutical compositions for use therein |
US6605599B1 (en) | 1997-07-08 | 2003-08-12 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Epothilone derivatives |
AU762481C (en) * | 1998-03-27 | 2004-08-19 | Oregon Health Sciences University | Vitamin D and its analogs in the treatment of tumors and other hyperproliferative disorders |
AU765846B2 (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2003-10-02 | Mrc Holdings Pty Limited | Pharmaceutical composition |
AUPP332898A0 (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 1998-05-28 | Unisearch Limited | Pharmaceutical composition |
US6391345B1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-05-21 | Tim Heeg | Cranberry seed oil, cranberry seed flour and a method for making |
US20040053895A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-18 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations |
US20040058895A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-25 | Bone Care International, Inc. | Multi-use vessels for vitamin D formulations |
US7148211B2 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2006-12-12 | Genzyme Corporation | Formulation for lipophilic agents |
US20060189586A1 (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2006-08-24 | Cleland Jeffrey L | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising active vitamin D compounds |
JP2008500027A (ja) * | 2004-05-03 | 2008-01-10 | ノーザン ライツ フード プロセシング,エルエルシー | ベリーオイルおよび製品 |
US7094775B2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-08-22 | Bone Care International, Llc | Method of treating breast cancer using a combination of vitamin D analogues and other agents |
KR102434879B1 (ko) | 2016-05-26 | 2022-08-22 | 유니버시티 오브 피츠버그 - 오브 더 커먼웰쓰 시스템 오브 하이어 에듀케이션 | 폐혈관 질환 치료용 조성물 및 방법 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR877356A (fr) * | 1940-12-03 | 1942-12-04 | Eberspaecher J | Dispositif utilisable à bord des avions pour le chauffage, l'atténuation des flammes et l'utilisation de la réaction |
US2383446A (en) * | 1941-06-04 | 1945-08-28 | Du Pont | Antirachitic materials and processes for their production |
US3697559A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1972-10-10 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol |
US3741996A (en) * | 1971-12-02 | 1973-06-26 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | 1{60 -hydroxycholecalciferol |
US4202829A (en) * | 1978-01-05 | 1980-05-13 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Process for preparing 1α-hydroxylated compounds |
US4260549A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1981-04-07 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Process for preparing 1α-hydroxylated compounds |
US4195027A (en) * | 1978-01-16 | 1980-03-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Process for preparing 1α-hydroxylated compounds |
US4362710A (en) * | 1980-07-04 | 1982-12-07 | Nissan Gosei Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Feeds for baby pigs, process for preparing the same and method of breeding baby pigs |
US4689180A (en) * | 1984-01-30 | 1987-08-25 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | 1α,25-dihydroxy-22Z-dehydroxyvitamin D compound |
US4555364A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1985-11-26 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Method for preparing 1-hydroxyvitamin D compounds |
US4661294A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1987-04-28 | The General Hospital Corporation | Biologically active 1-thio derivatives of vitamin D |
AU603340B2 (en) * | 1985-08-02 | 1990-11-15 | Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Lovens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab) | Novel vitamin d analogues |
JP2550391B2 (ja) * | 1988-06-30 | 1996-11-06 | 日清製粉株式会社 | 1β−ヒドロキシビタミンD▲下2▼およびD▲下3▼の製造方法 |
CA1333616C (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1994-12-20 | Hector F. Deluca | 19-nor-vitamin d compounds |
JP2645130B2 (ja) * | 1989-03-31 | 1997-08-25 | 日清製粉株式会社 | ステロイド誘導体 |
CA2069084C (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 2007-05-22 | Joyce C. Knutson | 1.alpha.-hydroxy vitamin d4 and novel intermediates and analogues |
EP0562497A1 (en) * | 1992-03-27 | 1993-09-29 | Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd. | 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamins D7 and D4' processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions |
-
1995
- 1995-06-07 US US08/486,387 patent/US5798345A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-06-06 CA CA002222593A patent/CA2222593A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-06 PL PL96323866A patent/PL323866A1/xx unknown
- 1996-06-06 CN CN96194460A patent/CN1186435A/zh active Pending
- 1996-06-06 AU AU63791/96A patent/AU718625B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-06 BR BR9608488-0A patent/BR9608488A/pt unknown
- 1996-06-06 KR KR1019970708800A patent/KR19990022320A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-06 EP EP96923223A patent/EP0831839A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-06 WO PCT/US1996/009221 patent/WO1996040153A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-06 JP JP9501597A patent/JPH11506791A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-06 HU HU9900905A patent/HUP9900905A3/hu unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9608488A (pt) | 1999-11-30 |
HUP9900905A2 (hu) | 1999-08-30 |
KR19990022320A (ko) | 1999-03-25 |
HUP9900905A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
WO1996040153A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
AU718625B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
MX9709683A (es) | 1998-06-28 |
AU6379196A (en) | 1996-12-30 |
US5798345A (en) | 1998-08-25 |
EP0831839A1 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
CA2222593A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
PL323866A1 (en) | 1998-04-27 |
JPH11506791A (ja) | 1999-06-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1032255C (zh) | 新的1α-羟基维生素D4及其新的中间体和类似物 | |
CN1186435A (zh) | 维生素d4衍生物在治疗癌症中的应用 | |
CN1071574C (zh) | 1α,24二羟基维生素D2的应用 | |
US5763428A (en) | Methods of treating skin disorders with novel 1a-hydroxy vitamin D4 compounds and derivatives thereof | |
US5972917A (en) | 1 α-hydroxy-25-ene-vitamin D, analogs and uses thereof | |
US6242434B1 (en) | 24-hydroxyvitamin D, analogs and uses thereof | |
EP0258434A1 (en) | Composition comprising an oxygenated cholesterol | |
JP2001511768A (ja) | 活性型ビタミンd類似体を使用した前立腺疾患の治療方法 | |
CN102046812A (zh) | 用于维生素d缺乏症和相关障碍的方法、组合物、用途和试剂盒 | |
AU2002315463B2 (en) | Methods for preparation and use of 1alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2 | |
JP3179495B2 (ja) | 1α,24(S)−ジヒドロキシビタミンD▲下2▼の調製及び使用方法 | |
AU2002315463A1 (en) | Methods for preparation and use of 1alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2 | |
AU2004222310A1 (en) | Methods for preparation and use of 1alpha,24(S)-dihydroxyvitamin D2 | |
MXPA97009684A (en) | Use of vitamin d4 derivatives for treatment of p disorders | |
MXPA97009683A (en) | Use of vitamin d4 derivatives for treatment against the can |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |