CN1185750A - 小型训练器械 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种小型训练器械(10),包括一对可转动地支承在框架上并可绕转动轴(14)转动的连接臂(16)。各连接臂与对应的中间连杆(18a,18b)连接在它的第一端上。各中间连杆的第二端在导向件(24a,24b)上运动,因而当连接臂转动时,各中间连杆的第一端沿一条弧形路径运动,而中间连杆的第二端沿一条往复路径运动。该器械包括一对脚踏连杆(26a,26b),各脚踏连杆通过它的第一端与一根对应的所述中间连杆相连,连接点位于它的第一端和第二端之间;各脚踏连杆的第二端与另一导向件(30a,30b)接合,当连接臂使中间连杆运动时,该导向件引导脚踏连杆沿一条预选路径运动。该器械提供可模拟自然跑步和踏步动作的脚和腿的运动范围。
Description
发明领域
本发明总体上说涉及训练设备。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种用于模拟跑步和踏步的小型固定式训练器械。
发明背景
由于人们越来越认识到定期锻练的好处,并由于受时间和空间的限制而使他们不能纵情于跑步、游泳和散步等活动,因此训练设备的市场迅速发展起来。一般说来,最好在相当大的运动范围内训练许多不同部位的肌肉,以便不断地提高人的体力和提供最大程度的需氧训练。另外,训练设备最好能提供平稳的、较自然的运动,以避免出现可能损伤肌肉和关节的振动或无规则的应力。此外,训练设备最好使用起来较容易,并且结构简单、成本低廉。
虽然在现有技术中已有多种不同的训练系统,但这些系统都有许多缺陷,这就限制了它们的应用。固定式自行车受到广泛应用,然而使用它们时是以坐姿进行的,因而肌肉训练的数量较少。此外,固定式自行车提供的运动范围相当有限。用于模仿速度滑雪的固定式器械也得到广泛应用。虽然这些系统可以比固定式自行车训练更多部位的肌肉,但这种较为平淡的、动作缓慢的足部运动不能通过大范围的运动对所有腿部肌肉提供足够的训练。爬楼运动设备也能比固定式自行车训练更多的肌肉,但这种有限的上下运动不能通过大范围的运动训练腿部肌肉。踏车或类似器械允许在较有限的区域内行步似地移动或缓行,然而它们可能剧烈地振动膝或踝关节,许多使用者都发现在踏车上很难保持平衡。
美国专利US 4,720,093表示出一种攀蹬式训练器械。专利US4,509,742表示出一种提供上肢运动的固定式自行车。专利US 2,603,486表示出一种提供上肢和下肢混合运动的自行车式训练器械。专利US5,039,088表示出另一种提供手运动自行车式训练器械。
美国专利US 3,316,898公开了一种供坐着的人被动使用的复元器械。该器械可做抬高和降低一组脚支承板的运动,以活动踝、膝和髋关节。在美国专利US 4,185,622中示出了一种类似的器械。德国专利公开公报2919494公开了一种训练器械,其中设置了一组脚支承板,可进行滑动和转动混合运动,从而可做踏步动作。人们发现,虽然这些设备可产生踏步运动,但这种运动不能模拟自然的跑步和行走。
鉴于现有技术的这些缺陷,本发明的发明人以前曾研制了一种固定式训练器械,它公开于美国专利US 5,242,343、5,383,829和专利申请08/407,272中。上述专利的设备中可提供自然的跑步和行走,其中使用者在向前迈步时,他的足跟比脚趾以更快的速度先抬起,在向后迈步时,他的足跟比脚趾以更快的速度先落下。本发明涉及一种训练器械,它的结构不同于美国专利US 5,242,343、5,383,829和专利中请08/407,272,但能实现类似的有利于足部的动作。此外,本发明的设备较小,这样对于在有限的空间区域,如房间内使用是特别有利的。
本发明的设备生产和使用都较简单,设计紧凑,并能提供平稳自然的动作,它能通过大范围的运动训练较多数量部位的肌肉。本发明的这些和其它优点将很容易从如下的附图、讨论和说明中明显看出。
发明简介
这里公开了一种小型的训练器械,它包括一个用于支承在地面上并具有位于其上的第一转动轴的框架。第一和第二导向或中间连杆分别有一个连接到第一转动轴的第一端,使各导向连杆的第一端沿一条弧形路径围绕所述转动轴运动。通过第一和第二曲柄或连接臂实现中间连杆与转动轴之间的连接,该连接臂可转动地固定在框架的第一转动轴上,从而使它可绕该轴转动。曲柄或连接臂连接在中间连杆上,以使各中间连杆的第一端在曲柄臂绕第一转动轴旋转时围绕第一转动轴沿弧形路径运动。
该设备还包括第一和第二导向件,它们分别与一根中间连杆接合,并且当中间连杆的第一端沿弧形路径运动时,沿运动行程的往复运动路径引导中间连杆的第二端。该设备还包括分别具有第一和第二端以及第一和第二连接器的第一和第二脚踏连接或支承件,它们分别用于可转动地将对应的一根脚踏连接或支承件的第一端与一根中间连杆连接,以使各脚踏连杆或支承件的第一端在中间连杆的第二端沿一条往复路径运动时沿第一预选路径运动。该设备包括分别设置的第三和第四导向件,使其分别与对应的第一或第二脚踏连杆或支承件接合,并在所述脚踏连杆或支承件的第一端沿所述第一预选路径运动时,分别引导所述脚踏连杆的第二端沿第二预选路径运动。
在一个特定实施例中,第三和第四导向件分别具有一个细长形连接件,该连接件可转动地连接到框架的第一端或靠近第一端处,并且可转动地连接到对应的脚踏连杆的第二端或靠近另一端附近。在另一个实施例中,第三和第四导向件分别具有一根导轨,它与对应的脚踏连杆接合并引导该脚踏连杆。在又一个实施例中,第三和第四导向件分别具有一个辊轮部件,它可转动地支承在框架上,该辊轮部件与脚踏连杆接合并引导该脚踏杆。该器械可以这样构成:第三和第四导向件沿一条相对于地面倾斜的运动路径引导脚踏连杆,该器械还可具有一个调节装置,以改变该倾斜的运动路径。
在某些实施例中,训练器械可具有一个通过连接器,以例如第一和第二曲柄或连接臂形式机械地与中间连杆啮合的飞轮。可将飞轮支承在第一转动轴上或与第一转动轴分离处,在这种情况下,它机械地连接在中间连杆上。
附图简介
当阅读了下面参照附图所作的详细描述后,本发明的上述方面和种种优点将变得更容易理解,其中:
图1是按照本发明的原理构成的训练器械的第一实施例的透视图;
图2是按照本发明的原理构成的训练器械的第二实施例的侧剖视图;
图3是按照本发明的原理构成的训练器械的第三实施例的侧剖视图。
发明详述
本发明涉及一种小型训练器械,它在与跑步和踏步相关联的整个自然运动范围运动使用者的脚和腿。该器械包括一根设计紧凑的可折叠连杆。该器械可具有多种结构,图中示出了几种不同的典型结构。
现在参照图1,该图是按照本发明的原理构成的训练器械10的第一实施例的透视图。训练器械10包括一个支承在地面上的框架12,该框架支承和保持训练器械的部件。框架12上具有一根第一转动轴14。在图中所示的实施例中,飞轮16支承在第一转动轴14上,它围绕该轴旋转。如图中所示,飞轮16是一个其中心轴(图中未示出)通过转动轴14的拼合飞轮。中心轴由与框架12的基座接合的支柱(图中未示出)支承。第一导向件或中间连杆18a和第二导向件或中间连杆18b分别有一个可转动地与飞轮16相连的第一端。如图中所示,第一导向件或中间连杆18a通过一个穿过它的销20连接在飞轮16上。一个类似的结构将第二导向件或中间连接18b连接在该飞轮上,尽管图中看不见。飞轮在转动轴14连接销20之间的部分限定了一个曲柄或连接臂形式的连接器,它的一端固定在转动轴14上,另一端固定在连接销20上。当该曲柄或连接臂绕第一转动轴14旋转时,它使得中间连杆18a,18b的第一端分别沿一条弧形路径绕转动轴14运动。可以理解,虽然图中示出一个飞轮16,但也可类似地采用简单的一套曲柄或连接臂(可单独使用或带飞轮一起使用)。中间连杆18a,18b的第二端分别与构件24a,24b形式的第一和第二导向件接合。正如图中特别示出的那样,中间连杆18a通过辊轮22a与导向件24a接合,中间连杆18b通过辊轮22b与导向件24b接合。第一和第二导向件24a,24b用于在它们的第一端沿一条弧形路径运动时,引导中间连杆18a,18b的第二端沿一条往复路径运动。虽然图中所示的第一和第二导向件24a,24b是与地面平行设置的直轨,但导向件也可以是其它形式。例如,导向件可以是弯曲轨,或它们可以是相对于框架12的基座倾斜的。也可采用其它结构的第一和第二导向件。例如导向件可具有若干槽或各不同结构的支承臂。在某些情况下,有一根单独的较宽的部件就足以引导两根中间连杆,并能起第一和第二导向件的作用。
图1的训练器械10包括一对脚踏连杆,图中只能看见其中一根连杆26a,可以理解,另一根连杆是连杆26a的镜像。脚踏连杆26a用于接收和支承使用该训练器械的人的脚。脚踏连杆26a的第一端可转动地通过一个连接销28a连接在对应的中间连杆18a上。脚踏连杆26a的第二端与部件30a形式的第三导向件接合,在该实例中,该导向件是一根相对于地面倾斜的导轨。如图所示,脚踏连杆26a通过设置在它的第二端上的辊轮32a与导轨接合。第二脚踏连杆上设有类似的结构。
在图中所示训练器械10的实施例的工作过程中,飞轮16绕第一转动轴14旋转,使中间连杆18的第一端在上述弧形路径上运动。中间连杆18的第二端沿由第一和第二导向件24a,24b所限定的往复路径运动。这种作用又引起脚踏连杆26运动。各脚踏连杆26的第一端连接到对应的中间连杆18上,连接点位于它的第一端和第二端之间,因此,脚踏连杆26a的第一端沿上升和下降路径运动,该路径限定出一条封闭的椭圆环,因而当与其对应的中间连杆的第一端处在距第一转动轴14最大垂直距离处时,则出现它的运动路径的最高点。相反,当对应的中间连杆的第一端处在距第一转动轴14最小垂直距离处时,则脚踏连杆26a的第一端处于最低点。脚踏连杆26a的第二端相应地以向上倾斜的路径沿第三导向件30a运动。这种运动的结合产生了非常自然的、与自然的跑步和踏步运动相一致的脚踏作用。一般地,当开始向前迈步时,使用者的脚跟部要比脚趾部更快地先抬起来,而当向后迈步时,脚跟部要比脚趾部更快地先落下。
脚踏连杆26a与其相应的中间连杆18a的连接点是可以调节的。在图中所示的实施例中,连接销28a可以放置在中间连杆18a上的一组孔34中的任何一个孔中。显然,对于本领域的技术人员来说,采其它的调节机构(包括有槽连接器或类似机构)也是显而易见的。第三和第四导向件,如30a也是可以调节的,以改变其相对于地面的角度。另外,尽管图中示出的导轨30a是直线轨,但它也可以曲线的,以进一步改进脚踏的作用力。
如图所示,图1的器械10还包括一组手柄36。设备10还可以包括像电子或机械指示器等这样的与飞轮耦联的辅助设备,它们用于在训练器械工作过程中指示速度、距离、经过时间或使用者所耗费的力。还可以理解该器械包括一个调节制动系统,如磁、电子或机械制动器,以便可在设备工作过程中施加一个可控的制动力,从而可有选择地控制利用该器械达到的训练水平。所有这些改进和变换都在本发明的保护范围内。
现在参照图2,图中示出了具有本发明结构的训练器械40的另一个实施例。图2的器械40包括一个框架42,它具有位于其上的第一转动轴14。与上述飞轮大致类似的飞轮16通过一个中心支柱(图中未示出)支承在该框架上。与前述实施例相同,第一中间连杆18a具有与飞轮16转动连接的第一端。中间连杆18a的第二端通过一个辊轮22a与第一导轨24a相连(如前所述)。
图2的训练器械40包括一组脚踏连杆,图中可看见其中一个连杆26a。脚踏连杆26a通过一个连接销28a可转动地连接在第一中间连杆18a上。一般说来,上述部件的布置与图1中所示的布置大致类似。
就该实施例的第三和第四导向件来说,图2的实施例40不同于图1的实施例,在该实施例中的这两个导向件分别具有一个大致细长形的连接件44a,44b。具有第三和第四导向件的细长形连接件44在其第一转动点处分别可转动地连接到框架42上的第二转动轴46上,使它可绕第二转动轴46转动。各细长形连接件还可转动连接在它们相对应的脚踏连杆上,并且如图所示,细长形连接件44a可转动地连接在脚踏连杆26a的第二端上。细长形连接件44起第三和第四导向件的作用,以沿相对于地面倾斜的大致曲线路径引导脚踏连杆26和第二端。这样,图2实施例的导向件44与图1实施例的导向件30具有相似的功能,并可达到相似的有利于脚和腿的作用。尽管图中未示出,但可理解,该细长形连接件44a连接到脚踏连杆26a上的连接点是可以改变的(这在现有技术中是已知的),并从而改善了该器械的脚踏作用。如图所示,细长形连接件在紧靠第二转动轴46的连接点处稍微有些弯曲,并且在某些情况下,这种弯曲可用于改善和提高所使用器械的手持效果。应注意到,细长形连接件44a的延长部分也可省去,并用固定的手柄替代。所有这些改进和变换都在本发明的保护范围内。
现在参照图3,图中示出具有本发明结构的训练器械的另一个实施例。图3的器械50在几个方面不同于图2和图1的器械。图3的设备具有框架52上的第一转动轴14,但第一转动轴14上未安装飞轮,而用一对曲柄或连接臂54a,54b取代飞轮,它们可绕转动轴14旋转。在图中所示的实施例中,飞轮16于支承在框架52的与第一转动轴14分离的第三转动轴56上。该飞轮通过主动链58与曲柄或连接臂54a,54b机械连接,主动链与对应的主动轮60啮合,该主动轮与曲柄臂相连。
与前述实施例相同,图3的器械50包括第一中间连杆28a和第二中间连杆28b,这与上述的相同。各中间连杆28的第一端可转动地连接在对应的曲柄臂54上,从而在所述曲柄54绕转动轴14转动时形成一条绕所述转动轴14的弧形路径。与前述相同,各中间连杆28的第二端通过一个辊轮22与导轨24接合。
图3的设备50具有第一和第二脚踏连杆56a,56b。与前述实施例相同,各脚踏连杆56的第一端通过连接器22连接在对应的中间连杆18上。但是各脚踏连杆56的第二端是一个自由端。在图3的设备50中,第二和第三导向件分别具有一个由框架52支承的辊轮部件。在图3中,只有一个辊轮58a是可以看得见的,并且该辊轮58a包括第三导向件。第四导向件采用类似的辊轮。辊轮58a与其对应的脚踏连杆56a接合,从而当相连的中间连杆18a在其对应的曲柄臂54a的作用下运动时,脚踏连杆56a在辊轮58a上横向滑动。辊轮58a以这种方式沿预选的运动路径引导脚踏连杆56a的第二端,这样就形成一条箭头A所指的基本封闭的椭圆形。应注意到,在图中所示的实施例中,脚踏连杆56a,56b是弯曲的,并且这种弯曲优化了脚踏的作用,尽管在可以理解到,在某些情况下脚踏连杆56可以制成直的脚踏连杆,并可具有一个楔形放脚部分,以调节使用者的脚的角度。在其它情况下,使用者脚的角度的调节可通过调节辊轮58和轨道24的相对位置来进行,所有这些改进和变换都在本发明的保护范围内。
另外还可对图3的实施例作其它改进。例如,辊轮58a可以由滑动接触措施等来取代。该设备可将飞轮16改放在第一转动轴14上,并且在这种情况下,如飞轮具有能确保导向连杆18正常运动的足够大的直径,则可将曲柄臂54取消。对于前述实施例,也可将其它设备,如动力制动系统、速度表或其它监测器装入该设备中。对于前述所有实施例,各连杆机之间的连接点都是可以调节的,以便为用户定做并从而可对操作进行修正。类似地,进行高度调节可改变导向件与连杆的位置关系。在其它情况下,也可给器械装上机械驱动装置,以提供被动训练,这类实施例特别适合复元的病人和老人使用。
阅读了上文后可以理解到,根据本发明的教导可对上述设备进行多种不同的改进和变换。上述的附图、所讨论和描述的内容只是为了对本发明的特定实施例进行举例说明,而不是为了限制它的应用。本申请的权利要求包括了所述所有的等同物,它们都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (19)
1.一种小型训练器械,它包括:
一个框架,它具有第一转动轴;
第一和第二导向连杆,各导向连杆分别具有第一和第二端部,各导向连杆的第一端部连接在第一转动轴上,使各导向连杆的第一端围绕所述第一转动轴沿弧形路径运动;
第一和第二导向件,它们分别这样设置:当它们的第一端沿所述弧形路径绕所述第一转动轴运动时,引导所述对应的导向连杆的第二端部沿一条往复路径运动;
第一和第二脚踏连杆,它们分别具有第一和第二端部,各所述脚踏连杆的第一和第二端部可转动地连接到所述第一和第二导向连杆中对应的一个连杆上,以便在对应的导向连杆的第二端沿所述往复路径运动时,各所述脚踏连杆的所述第一端部沿第一预选路径运动;以及
第三和第四导向件,它们分别这样设置:当各所述脚踏连杆的第一端沿所述第一预选运动路径运动时,引导各所述脚踏连杆的第二端沿第二预选运动路径运动。
2.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中所述框架具有第二转动轴,并且其中所述第三和第四导向件分别包括其上具有第一和第二转动点的连接部件,各所述第三和第四导向件通过其第一转动点可转动地连接在所述框架的第二转动轴上,并通过其第二转动点连接在所述第一和第二脚踏连杆中对应的一个脚踏连杆的第二端部。
3.按照权利要求2的训练器械,其中连接部件包括第三和第四导向件,它们具有沿大致远离第二转动点的方向延伸出第一转动点的延伸部分。
4.按照权利要求3的训练器械,其中连接件的延伸部分具有在站立在脚踏连杆上时可手握的部分。
5.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中所述第二预选运动路径是一条相对于地面倾斜的路径,并且其中所述第三和第四导向件沿所述倾斜运动路径引导所述第一和第二脚踏连杆中对应的一个脚踏连杆的第二端部。
6.按照权利要求5的训练器械,还包括与第三和第四导向件相连的调节装置,以用于改变相对于地面倾斜的运动路径的倾斜度。
7.按照权利要求1的训练器械,还包括一个可操作地与导向连杆的第一端部啮合的飞轮。
8.按照权利要求7的训练器械,其中所述飞轮由所述框架支承在所述第一转动轴上。
9.按照权利要求7的训练器械,其中所述飞轮支承在与所述第一转动轴分离的第三转动轴上,并且可操作地连接在导向连杆的第一端部上。
10.按照权利要求7的训练器械,其中所述飞轮支承在所述第一转动轴上,并且其中导向连杆的第一端部连接在所述飞轮上。
11.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中所述第一、第二、第三和第四导向件都具有导轨。
12.按照权利要求1的训练器械,还包括一个与所述导向连杆机械连接的可变阻力制动组件,用于对导向连杆提供可变阻力。
13.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中当导向连杆的第一端围绕第一轴沿弧形路径运动时,第一和第二导向件沿封闭的弧形运动路径引导所述对应的中间连杆的第二端部。
14.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中所述第一和第二导向连杆这样设置:第一和第二脚踏连杆的第一端部在多个位置处可有选择地连接到所述第一和第二导向连杆中的对应导向连杆上。
15.按照权利要求14的训练器械,其中第一和第二脚踏连杆的第一端部在距第一转动轴可变距离处可有选择地连接到第一和第二导向连杆中的对应导向连杆上。
16.按照权利要求1的训练器械,其中所述第三和第四导向件分别包括一个可转动地连接到框架上的可转动部件。
17.一种小型训练器械,它包括:
一个框架,它支承在地面上并具有第一转动轴;
第一和第二连接臂,各连接臂分别可转动地连接到框架的第一转动轴上,使其可绕该轴转动;
第一和第二中间连杆,中间杆分别具有第一和第二端,各中间连杆的第一端连接到所述第一和第二连接件中对应的连接件上,因而当所述连接件转动时,使所述中间连杆的第一端分别沿弧形路径绕所述第一转动轴运动;
第一和第二导向件,各导向件这样设置:它们分别与所述中间连杆中的一根连杆接合,并且当它们的第一端沿所述弧形路径运动时,引导所述对应的中间连杆的第二端沿一条往复路径运动;
第一和第二脚支承件,它们分别具有第一和第二端部,各所述脚支承件的第一端可转动地连接在所述第一和第二中间连杆中对应的连杆上,连接点位于中间连杆的第一和第二端之间,因而当对应的中间连杆的第二端沿所述往复路径运动时,所述脚支承件的所述第一端沿大致呈弧形的封闭路径运动;
第三和第四导向件分别这样设置:它们与所述第一和第二脚支承件中对应的一根支承件的第二端接合,并在所述脚踏连杆的第一端沿所述封闭的弧形路径运动时,分别引导所述脚支承件的第二端沿第二往复运动路径运动。
18.按照权利要求17的训练器械,其中脚支承件的第一端部的弧形运动路径大致为椭圆形的封闭运动路径。
19.按照权利要求17的训练器械,其中所述框架包括一根第二转动轴,并且其中所述第三和第四导向件分别具有第一和第二转动点,各所述第三和第四导向件是通过其第一转动点可转动地连接到所述框架的第二转动轴上,并通过其第二转动点连接到所述第一和第二脚支承件中对应的支承件的第二端上。
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2002
- 2002-05-07 US US10/139,879 patent/US20020128122A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105167958A (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-23 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种下肢康复训练椭圆机装置 |
CN105167958B (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-08-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种下肢康复训练椭圆机装置 |
CN111050864A (zh) * | 2017-09-21 | 2020-04-21 | 塔克斯动产和房地产有限责任公司 | 自行车训练器及其操作方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1997028848A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
DE69734087D1 (de) | 2005-10-06 |
CA2217656A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
EP0821607A1 (en) | 1998-02-04 |
AU2264897A (en) | 1997-08-28 |
EP0821607B1 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
US20020128122A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
DE69734087T2 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
BR9702083A (pt) | 1999-12-28 |
JPH11503660A (ja) | 1999-03-30 |
CA2217656C (en) | 2004-07-13 |
US5788609A (en) | 1998-08-04 |
US5562574A (en) | 1996-10-08 |
EP0821607A4 (en) | 2002-11-04 |
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