CN118564103B - A method for renovating and utilizing a large-scale old building while retaining its appearance - Google Patents
A method for renovating and utilizing a large-scale old building while retaining its appearance Download PDFInfo
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- CN118564103B CN118564103B CN202411049990.8A CN202411049990A CN118564103B CN 118564103 B CN118564103 B CN 118564103B CN 202411049990 A CN202411049990 A CN 202411049990A CN 118564103 B CN118564103 B CN 118564103B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
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Abstract
本发明涉及对现有建筑物的施工措施技术领域，公开了一种保留建筑外形的大尺寸旧建筑改造利用方法，采用功能与外形分离的思路对大尺寸旧建筑进行改造，旧建筑仅保留外壳，建筑的功能由外壳内新建的建筑来实现，从而使得旧建筑不仅不需要承载新的荷载，其原先承载的荷载也仅剩屋盖和装饰材料，即使旧建筑的受力结构也能满足需求。利用特殊尺寸的幕墙窗和侧窗的窗洞，克服了新旧两层建筑嵌套对施工造成的干涉问题，使得嵌套建筑的施工可行且在施工后克服内部通风采光问题；采用仿照旧建筑外貌的新装饰材料对旧建筑进行包裹，从而使得旧建筑破旧的外表被彻底翻新的同时还得到了保护；以上3点结合，在保留建筑外形的前提下完成了大尺寸旧建筑改造。
The present invention relates to the technical field of construction measures for existing buildings, and discloses a method for renovating and utilizing large-scale old buildings while retaining the appearance of the buildings. The idea of separating function from appearance is adopted to renovate large-scale old buildings. Only the outer shell of the old building is retained, and the function of the building is realized by the newly built building inside the outer shell, so that the old building not only does not need to bear new loads, but also only the roof and decorative materials are left for the loads it originally carried, and even the load-bearing structure of the old building can meet the demand. The window openings of the curtain wall windows and side windows of special sizes are used to overcome the interference problem caused by the nesting of the new and old two-story buildings on the construction, so that the construction of the nested buildings is feasible and the internal ventilation and lighting problems are overcome after the construction; the old buildings are wrapped with new decorative materials that imitate the appearance of the old buildings, so that the dilapidated appearance of the old buildings is completely refurbished and protected at the same time; the above three points are combined to complete the renovation of large-scale old buildings while retaining the appearance of the buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction measures of existing buildings, in particular to a large-size old building reconstruction and utilization method capable of retaining the appearance of a building.
Background
The vast majority of old buildings are left empty for new building construction after being dismantled, but some old buildings with special significance exist, and the purposes of the buildings need to be changed on the premise of keeping the original appearance of the old buildings, so that the deep reconstruction of the buildings is needed.
Considering that the old building itself has undergone serious aging, its structural strength is severely reduced, and its appearance has been very worn out. These problems are difficult to solve without deep modification of the building itself, so modification of the old building is often required to be performed in a form of reassembling after disassembling the building into parts, and in the process of disassembling the building parts, the building parts can be detected and replaced respectively, parts with unqualified strength or serious damage can be replaced, reinforcement treatment can be performed inside or the internal layout of the building can be changed, so that the building is adapted to the change of the use of the building. A typical case is an Tiananmen urban building, which is reformed in this way after construction from the original old and craving-to-shake appearance to the existing appearance that can stably carry a large number of people and equipment.
But for some large old buildings this way of dismantling is not applicable. The biggest problem is that in large-sized old buildings, because of the large size of the building, the rigidity is low, deformation is easy to occur, the strength is difficult to reach the standard, and in order to maintain the shape, components with high rigidity such as reinforced concrete beam columns/shear walls and the like, which are not suitable for being disassembled into parts, are often needed. In addition, since old buildings are old and old, specifications of building construction may change, and buildings in certain places may not be allowed to be assembled into buildings of the original size again after being disassembled into parts due to factors such as height limitation.
Taking Beijing Huaiyou science urban and north area Jin Yuxing of the invention as an example, the project is in Xingfu cement factory, which is established in the early 90 s, and contributes a large amount of building materials to Beijing urban construction, which is an important industrial site. Therefore, the construction in this place needs to be modified to a research facility of the applied mathematics institute of Beijing Yan perch lake nearby while retaining the external shape. The warehouse needs to be reconstructed into a multi-layer supercomputer room, is a typical single-layer large-span building, has very weak bearing capacity, is very worn out, cannot bear the added floor slabs and complex electronic equipment, cannot meet the requirements of supercomputer equipment on the environment, and cannot be disassembled and reassembled. Similar problems are prevalent in the modification of three industrial sites nationwide. Even though the protection of industrial sites is not considered, even if the building is to be dismantled and then a building is to be reconstructed according to the shape of the original building, the building is not feasible due to the local height limiting policy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-size old building reconstruction and utilization method capable of keeping the appearance of a building.
The technical problem to be solved is that in the reconstruction and utilization process of the large-size old building, the building shape is maintained due to the fact that high-rigidity components such as reinforced concrete beams and columns or shear walls which cannot be broken and disassembled are needed, and maintenance and reconstruction cannot be carried out in a mode of reassembling after the components are disassembled.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method for reforming and utilizing the large-size old building which keeps the appearance of the building comprises the following steps:
reinforcing the old building to ensure that the bearing capacity of the old building is qualified in the subsequent outer wall hole opening process and after the outer wall hole opening;
Step two, opening window holes of curtain wall windows and window holes of side windows on the outer wall of the old building;
the curtain wall window is a window formed by installing a transparent curtain wall in a window hole, and the window hole of the curtain wall window meets the following conditions:
firstly, all vehicles and machines required by the construction in the old building can be passed through;
the second condition is that the building is arranged on the sunny side of the old building;
thirdly, the old building components around the window hole do not fall off;
the window hole of the side window meets the following conditions:
fourthly, setting the outer wall of the old building at intervals around a circle;
The second condition is that the top is higher than the top floor of the new building to be built in the old building, and the bottom is lower than the bottom ceiling of the new building to be built in the old building;
step three, vehicles and machinery required by the internal construction of the old building are driven into the old building along a window hole of a curtain wall window, and a new building is constructed in the old building, wherein the new building is not connected with the old building, a gap for passing personnel exists between an outer wall of the new building and an outer wall of the old building, and a top layer of the new building is of an open roof structure without a roof;
The materials required in the construction process of the new building and the concrete pump pipe are hung into the old building along the window hole of the side window closest to the current construction position, the muck loading truck is transported out along the window hole of the curtain wall window, and the waste materials except muck are hung out along the window hole of the side window closest to the waste materials;
And fourthly, installing a curtain wall in a window hole of a curtain wall window, installing glass window sashes and/or shutters in a window hole of a side window, cleaning the outer wall of the old building, and then wrapping a layer of decorative material which is used for simulating the original appearance of the outer wall of the old building and protecting the outer wall of the old building on the outer wall of the old building.
In the first step, according to the difference of the outer wall structures of the old building, the reinforcement process of the building is divided into the following three working conditions:
if the outer wall of the old building is a non-bearing wall, a wall body at the top of a window hole of a side window is provided with a girder in a grooving way, and the window hole of the curtain wall window extends upwards to a roof;
If the outer wall of the old building is a bearing wall and is of a reinforced concrete structure, a hidden column is arranged in a groove in the outer wall of the old building, and a lintel is arranged at the top of a window hole of a curtain wall window for reinforcement;
if the outer wall of the old building is a bearing wall and is of a masonry structure, a hidden column is slotted in the outer wall of the old building, a lintel is slotted in a wall body at the top of a window hole of a side window for reinforcement, and the window hole of the curtain wall window extends upwards to a roof;
And in the working conditions one to three, if the beam is broken in the process of opening a hole in the outer wall of the old building, a new beam is installed on the broken beam and is abutted against the roof.
Further, the curtain wall in the curtain wall window is fixed in the following manner:
a reinforced concrete ground beam is buried below the curtain wall, a roof beam is arranged at the position, adjacent to the roof, of the top of the curtain wall, inner columns are arranged in the curtain wall at intervals, and the upper end and the lower end of each inner column are fixedly connected with the ground beam and the roof beam respectively;
the ground beam is provided with an embedded groove for fixing the bottom of the curtain wall or is anchored with a bracket for fixing the bottom of the curtain wall;
the left side and the right side of the curtain wall are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the old building.
Furthermore, the keel grid of the curtain wall window is provided with a door frame, a glass door leaf is arranged in the door frame to serve as a new door of an old building, and the original door of the old building is removed and replaced by the glass door.
In the third step, the floor slab of the new building horizontally extends outwards to the outer wall of the old building to form a suspended indoor corridor, the indoor corridor is a cantilever corridor, joints between the cantilever end of the cantilever corridor and the outer wall of the old building are shielded by flexible decorative plates, and the decorative plates are fixedly connected with the cantilever end of the cantilever corridor and are not connected with the outer wall of the old building;
the gap between the curtain wall window and the new building is arranged as a hall.
Further, if the old building is a multi-storey building, the second step further comprises a step of dismantling the floor slab of the second floor, and in the third step, a new building is constructed layer by layer upwards from bottom to top, and every time a new building is constructed, the floor slab of the old building is dismantled.
Further, the window hole of the side window is cut by a water saw, the wall of the hole is smooth and flat, and the glass window sash of the side window is directly propped against the wall of the hole.
Further, the outer wall of the old building is a clear water brick wall, and the decoration material in the fourth step is PK bricks attached to the outer wall of the old building.
Furthermore, the non-top layer of the new building is a machine room for intensively installing cabinets of computers and/or data centers, the air inlet and the air outlet of the radiator of the cabinet are all shutters at the tops of side windows, and glass windows are arranged at the bottoms of the side windows provided with the shutters.
Compared with the prior art, the large-size old building reconstruction utilization method for retaining the building appearance has the following beneficial effects:
In the invention, the idea of separating functions from appearance is adopted to reform the large-size old building, the old building only keeps the outer shell to maintain the appearance of the building, and the functions of the building are realized by the newly built building in the outer shell, so that the old building is not only required to bear new load, but also only remains the roof and the decorative material for the original load, and even the stressed structure of the old building can meet the requirement
Meanwhile, the window holes of curtain wall windows and side windows with special sizes are utilized, so that the interference problem caused by nesting of new and old two-layer buildings on construction (construction vehicles and equipment cannot be started, building materials and waste materials cannot be lifted, a concrete pouring pump pipe is blocked) is solved, the construction of the nested building is feasible, and the ventilation and lighting problems in the nested building are solved after the construction;
Wrapping the old building by adopting a new decoration material imitating the appearance of the old building, so that the worn appearance of the old building is thoroughly renovated and simultaneously protected;
The 3-point combination completes the transformation of a large-size old building on the premise of keeping the appearance of the building, and meanwhile, the double-layer nested structure enables the internal environment of the new building to be more stable (the new building does not need direct sunlight, wind, rain, snow and dust) and can better meet various occasions with higher requirements on environmental stability, including a computer room.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a building in a large-size old building retrofit utilization method of the present invention which retains the appearance of the building;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an old building exterior wall including side windows;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a curtain wall window;
in the figure, 1-old building, 11-curtain wall window, 12-side window, 2-new building, 3-hall, 4-indoor corridor.
Detailed Description
Taking Beijing-Huaiyou science urban and north area Jin Yuxing as an example, as shown in fig. 1, a large-size old building reconstruction and utilization method for retaining the appearance of a building comprises the following steps:
reinforcing the old building 1 to ensure that the bearing capacity of the old building is qualified in the subsequent outer wall hole opening process and after the outer wall hole opening;
Since holes are needed to be drilled on the outer wall of the old building 1 later to avoid interference caused by nesting of the inner building and the outer building, the bearing capacity of the outer wall of the old building 1 is reduced, and therefore reinforcement needs to be performed in advance before the holes are drilled. At the same time, if the old building 1 itself is already a dangerous house, additional reinforcement can be made during this process. The reinforcement scheme is established according to the prior exploration and simulation calculation process.
Step two, opening window holes of curtain wall windows 11 and window holes of side windows 12 on the outer wall of the old building 1;
As shown in fig. 2, the curtain wall window 11 is a window formed by installing a transparent curtain wall (usually glass curtain wall or sunlight panel curtain wall) in a window hole, and the window hole of the curtain wall window 11 meets the following conditions:
The second condition is that all vehicles and machines required by the internal construction of the old building 1 can pass through;
The old building 1 is usually selected from a narrower wall, and the whole wall is removed to be changed into a glass curtain wall.
The second condition is that the first building is arranged on the sunny side of the old building 1;
The glass curtain wall is a main lighting channel, and is positioned on the south side of a building in a northern hemisphere and on the north side of the building in a southern hemisphere.
Thirdly, the old building 1 components around the window hole do not fall off;
The curtain wall window 11 is a very special structure which is not attached to the wall surface like a conventional curtain wall but is installed like a window. Its glass therefore needs to be fixed by means of the grid of keels and the perimeter also needs to be fixed. The old building 1 components around the window hole need to fix the edge of the curtain wall window 11, and it must be ensured that the building can stably exist after the window hole is opened.
As shown in fig. 3, the window opening of the side window 12 satisfies the following condition:
Condition two is four: the outer wall of the old building 1 is arranged at intervals around the circumference;
one requires that a closer side window 12 opening be found for ventilation and lighting, and that all construction sites be ensured.
The second condition is that the top is higher than the top floor of the new building 2 to be built in the old building 1, and the bottom is lower than the bottom ceiling of the new building 2 to be built in the old building 1;
since the window opening of the side window 12 needs to transport various materials, it needs to be high enough and low enough to meet the needs of all floor construction.
And thirdly, driving vehicles and machinery required by the internal construction of the old building 1 into the old building 1 along the window holes of the curtain wall windows 11, and constructing the new building 2 in the old building 1, wherein no connection exists between the new building 2 and the old building 1 so as to ensure that the load on the new building 2 cannot be transferred to the old building 1.
There is a gap between the outer wall of the new building 2 and the outer wall of the old building 1 for the passage of personnel, here there is a gap between the new building 2 and the old building 1 because there is no connection between them, here it is ensured that the gap can pass through the personnel, so that these gaps can be utilized as hallways to compensate for the problem of the new building 2 being reduced in size due to its being inside the old building 1.
The top layer of the new building 2 is of an open structure without a roof;
Here, the construction of the roof on the top layer of the new building 2 is severely interfered by the uncapped of the old building 1, and the construction cannot be completed normally, so that the roof of the new building 2 is simply discarded and the roof of the old building 1 is directly utilized. If there is a breakage of the roof of the old building 1, a refurbishment, i.e. a replacement of the roof deck, should be performed here. Unlike the outer wall, the roof itself does not need to bear a load other than its own weight, so that the roof panel can be replaced easily.
The materials required in the construction process of the new building 2 and the concrete pump pipe are hung into the old building 1 along the window hole of the side window 12 closest to the current construction position, the muck loading truck is transported out along the window hole of the curtain wall window 11, and the waste materials except muck are hung out along the window hole of the side window 12 closest to the waste materials;
the dense and specially-adjusted window holes in size and position can prevent the construction process of the new building 2 from being interfered by the old building 1 outside.
And fourthly, installing a curtain wall in a window hole of the curtain wall window 11, installing glass window sashes and/or shutters in a window hole of the side window 12, cleaning the outer wall of the old building 1, and then wrapping a layer of decorative material which is used for simulating the original appearance of the outer wall of the old building 1 and protecting the outer wall of the old building 1 on the outer wall of the old building 1.
The old building 1 is not only worn but also is being continuously weathered, so that the direct wrapping of a layer of decorative material is selected here, not only the renovation of the building exterior can be completed thoroughly with lower cost and shorter time, but also the weathering process of the building can be interrupted.
In the first step, according to the difference of the outer wall structures of the old building 1, the reinforcement process of the building is divided into the following three working conditions:
If the outer wall of the old building 1 is a non-bearing wall, a wall body at the top of a window hole of a side window 12 is provided with a lintel in a grooving way, and the window hole of a curtain wall window 11 extends upwards to a roof;
In this embodiment, which is the working condition, the outer wall of the old building 1 is a brick-concrete structure, which comprises a brick wall and reinforced concrete hidden columns embedded in the brick wall, and the brick wall is not load-bearing, but is load-bearing with a roof by the reinforced concrete hidden columns. The roof is provided with a row of plane trusses, and two ends of each plane truss respectively fall on a reinforced concrete hidden column.
The lintel is installed here because the non-load bearing wall is weak in whatever form, and the roof position of the window opening after the opening is not self-sustaining. The installation of the lintel at the hole of the curtain wall window 11 to support the fragile wall above is too costly, so that the outer wall where the hole of the curtain wall window is located is chosen to be directly detached to the top. The lintel here is not substantially load-bearing and therefore the ends may not be connected to the reinforced concrete dark columns of the old building 1.
If the outer wall of the old building 1 is a bearing wall and is of a reinforced concrete structure, a hidden column is arranged in a groove in the outer wall of the old building 1, and a lintel is arranged at the top of a window hole of the curtain wall window 11 for reinforcement;
here, the bearing capacity is reduced due to the fact that holes are formed in the bearing wall, and a hidden column is required to be installed in the bearing wall for reinforcement. However, the reinforced concrete wall cannot fall down the building blocks after the opening, so that a lintel is not required to be installed at the top of the window hole after the window hole is opened.
And in the third working condition, if the outer wall of the old building 1 is a bearing wall and is of a masonry structure, a hidden column is arranged in the outer wall of the old building 1 in a slotting way, and a lintel is arranged on the wall body at the top of the window hole of the side window 12 in a slotting way to strengthen the wall body, so that the building blocks are prevented from falling down, the window hole of the curtain wall window 11 extends upwards to a roof all the time, and the excessive cost of supporting the fragile wall body above by the large-span lintel is avoided.
In addition to reinforced concrete walls and masonry walls, there are slab walls and rammed earth walls, etc., but these are applied to temporary buildings, whereas the old building 1 can become the old building 1, with a hidden premise, i.e. it is a permanent building. Therefore, the outer wall of the old building 1 is usually only provided with two masonry structures and reinforced concrete structures, but if structures other than the masonry structures and the reinforced concrete structures are encountered, the outer wall is uniformly treated according to the working condition III.
And in the working conditions one to three, if a beam is broken in the process of opening a hole in the outer wall of the old building 1, a new beam is installed above the broken beam and is abutted against the roof to solve the problem of bearing capacity reduction caused by the broken beam.
The curtain wall in the curtain wall window 11 is fixed in the following manner:
as shown in fig. 2, reinforced concrete ground beams are buried on the ground below the curtain wall, a roof beam is arranged at the top of the curtain wall and adjacent to the roof, inner columns are arranged in the curtain wall at intervals, and the upper end and the lower end of each inner column are fixedly connected with the ground beam and the roof beam respectively;
The ground beam is provided with an embedded groove for fixing the bottom of the curtain wall or is anchored with a bracket for fixing the bottom of the curtain wall;
The left side and the right side of the curtain wall are fixedly connected with the outer wall of the old building 1.
The curtain wall is fixed in this form in a stable frame like a window frame, and the grid of the keel is arranged in the stable frame, and the glass in the curtain wall is inlaid in the grid of the keel in a soft inlaid edge wrapping mode. The keel grids are used for fixing glass, and soft mosaic edges are used for ensuring that the glass in the curtain wall is not damaged when the curtain wall expands with heat and contracts with cold. Of course, if the sunlight plate curtain wall is adopted, the soft mosaic edge covering mode can be omitted.
The keel grid of the curtain wall window 11 is provided with a door frame, a glass door leaf is arranged in the door frame to serve as a new door of the old building 1, and the original door of the old building 1 is removed and replaced by the glass door.
The door also serves as a lighting window for the building.
In the third step, the floor slab of the new building 2 horizontally extends outwards to the outer wall of the old building 1 to form a suspended indoor corridor 4, the indoor corridor 4 is a cantilever corridor, joints between the cantilever ends of the cantilever corridor and the outer wall of the old building 1 are shielded by flexible decorative plates, and the decorative plates are fixedly connected with the cantilever ends of the cantilever corridor and are not connected with the outer wall of the old building 1.
The gap between the curtain wall window 11 and the new building 2 is arranged as the hall 3.
If the old building 1 is a multi-storey building, the second step further comprises the step of dismantling the floor slab of the second floor, so that the vehicle can be driven into the old building 1;
In the construction process of the third step, new buildings 2 are constructed layer by layer from bottom to top, and each time a new building 2 is constructed, the floor slab of an old building 1 is removed.
This process is not only to ensure normal construction but also to remove loads other than the finishing materials on the roof and the housing in the old building 1. In the case of a single-layer building, the outer wall is subjected to loads other than the decorative material, and the removal is carried out at the same time.
In this embodiment, the window hole of the side window 12 is cut by a water saw, so that the wall of the hole is smooth and flat, and the glass window sash of the side window 12 is directly propped against the wall of the hole.
The outer wall of the old building 1 is a clear water brick wall, and the decoration material in the fourth step is PK bricks attached to the outer wall of the old building 1. The PK tile panel was used here to simulate the appearance of a clear water brick wall.
If the external wall of the old building 1 is stuck with ceramic tiles, the tiles can be re-stuck, if the external wall of the old building 1 is stuck with stone plates, the stone plates can be cleaned and repaired, then the stone plates can be painted, if the external wall surface of the external wall of the old building 1 is a bare concrete wall surface, a layer of bare concrete can be re-painted, and if the external wall of the old building 1 is a lime-painted surface, the stone plates can be cleaned and re-painted.
The non-top layer of the new building 2 is a machine room for intensively installing cabinets of computers and/or data centers, the air inlets and the air outlets of the radiators of the cabinets are shutters at the tops of the side windows 12, and the bottom of the side windows 12 provided with the shutters is a glass window.
The feature that the non-topped internal environment of such a nested building is more stable than that of a conventional building is fully utilized herein, and in order to ensure the aesthetic appearance of the building, it is chosen here not to additionally open the louvers to vent the radiator, but to select a portion of the area in the side window 12 to vent as a louver.
The above examples are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
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