CN118461532A - Pier type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Pier type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A pier type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof belong to the technical field of ecological slope protection. Comprising the following steps: 1) Prefabricating a plant-growing concrete block, wherein the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block adopt the same mould, and the platform surface of the lower plant-growing block is subjected to a penetrating and perforating design; 2) Trimming the erosion section of the river course bank slope, and determining a lofting area of the vegetation concrete block on the slope; 3) Pre-planting emergent aquatic grass seeds on an engineering bank slope; 4) Arranging lower plant-growing blocks in the lofting area, so that adjacent lower plant-growing blocks keep a certain distance; 5) Manually pressing the plant-growing building blocks at the lower part to enable the platform surface to sink into the slope soil layer; 6) Manually arranging the upper anti-impact building blocks, adjusting positions to enable the upper anti-impact building blocks and the lower plant-growing building blocks to be nested in the vertical direction and the supporting legs to be attached, and enabling the supporting legs of the upper anti-impact building blocks to be inserted into the slope; 7) Repeating the steps 4-6 until the whole ecological slope protection structure is paved. The invention is not limited by the topography of the bank slope of the dyke and has extremely strong capability of adapting to geological conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection of a dam bank slope in a periodical water level change section, and relates to a pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The existing ecological slope protection structure is various in types, such as gabion ecological slope protection, ecological bag ecological slope protection technology and the like. Before the invention, a planar polygonal ecological block slope protection structure (CN 112575741B) and a combined ecological block river bank protection type (CN 108442318B) are provided, and the two patents provide a planar arrangement type concrete block structure type which is only suitable for ecological management of land side slopes, but not suitable for ecological management of dykes and dams in water level periodical fluctuation areas; in addition, the ecological slope protection structure of the type has small influence on the microscopic flow velocity of slope water flow, has poor capability of adapting to terrains, and is not suitable for the ecological bank slopes of the dykes and dams with slow gradient, large flow velocity and periodically-changed water level.
In recent years, various vegetation block ecological slope protection technologies are presented, and the vegetation block ecological slope protection technology has the advantages of various structural types, flexible arrangement and the like. However, whether the building block is a chain locking type building block or a self-embedded type building block, the influence on the slope flow velocity is small, the capability of self-adaptive deformation along with the ground is weak, and the requirements of ecological restoration and biodiversity guarantee during river management are not met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides the pier-type rigid-flexible collaborative ecological slope protection structure and the construction method thereof, which realize engineering protection and ecological restoration of the bank slope of the severe erosion river and can adapt to the slope deformation of the erosion condition.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The utility model provides a stump type just-gentle ecological slope protection structure in coordination, stump type just-gentle ecological slope protection structure in coordination mainly constitutes prefabricated plant-growing concrete block, is the ecological slope protection structure of the self-adaptation topography of a kind of stump structural type, and it includes upper portion scour protection building block and lower part plant-growing building block two parts, forms an ecological slope protection building block unit after upper portion scour protection building block and lower part plant-growing building block nest, and upper portion scour protection building block adopts the same mould with lower part plant-growing building block, and both external configuration is unanimous, and the scour protection platform mesa of lower part plant-growing building block runs through the trompil design, provides the space for domatic vegetation growth. Because the external configuration of the upper anti-impact building block is the same as that of the lower anti-impact building block, the upper anti-impact building block is explained, and the lower anti-impact building block is nested with the upper anti-impact building block. The vegetation concrete block is porous concrete formed by aggregate and adhesive, the porosity is not lower than 25%, the internal communication pores enable the block to have good water permeability and air permeability, and the gaps are filled with nutrients required by vegetation growth, so that vegetation root systems can grow and allow the root systems to pass through the concrete to grow in the soil at the lower part.
The upper anti-impact building block comprises an upper anti-impact building block platform 1 and four upper anti-impact building block inclined supporting legs 2 which expand downwards and outwards; the lower plant-growing block comprises a lower plant-growing block platform 3 and four lower plant-growing block inclined supporting legs 5 which expand upwards and outwards; here, the upper impact-resistant block structure is described:
The upper anti-impact block platform 1 is of square and equal-thickness design and is prepared from plant-grown concrete, and a bamboo reinforcement cage is arranged inside the upper anti-impact block platform 1 to replace a traditional reinforcement cage, so that materials are environment-friendly and meet engineering requirements, and materials are cheap and high in economical efficiency; the bamboo reinforcement cage adopts hemp rope to carry out binding and fixing, replaces traditional binding iron wires, and meets ecological requirements of the structure. The bamboo reinforcement cage arranged in the upper anti-impact building block platform 1 is consistent with the outline of the platform, the width of the section of the bamboo reinforcement is larger than 2cm, and the thickness is larger than 0.5cm. The upper anti-impact building block inclined supporting leg 2 also adopts a bamboo reinforcement cage structure, and is bound and fixed on the bamboo reinforcement cage of the upper anti-impact building block platform 1 through hemp ropes.
The upper anti-impact building block platform 1 is provided with four combined side elevation, each side elevation is composed of an upper anti-impact building block platform vertical elevation 12 and an upper anti-impact building block platform inclined elevation 13, and the upper anti-impact platform vertical elevation 12 and the upper anti-impact platform inclined elevation 13 on the four sides are sequentially and alternately arranged; the inward inclination angle of the inclined elevation 13 of the upper anti-impact block platform is 40-50 degrees, preferably 45 degrees. The upper anti-impact block inclined support legs 2 are not vertically arranged around the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11, but are perpendicular to the upper anti-impact block platform inclined vertical plane 13, namely, the upper anti-impact block inclined support legs 2 are obliquely arranged in 4 directions of the upper anti-impact block platform 1.
Further, the upper anti-impact block platform 1 is provided with four combined side vertical surfaces, each side vertical surface is composed of an upper anti-impact block platform vertical surface 12 and an upper anti-impact block platform inclined vertical surface 13, and the upper anti-impact block platform vertical surfaces 12 and the upper anti-impact block platform inclined vertical surfaces 13 of the four side vertical surfaces are sequentially and alternately arranged; the four upper impact-resistant block inclined supporting legs 2 are respectively arranged at the inclined vertical face 13 of the upper impact-resistant block platform, namely, the root parts of the upper impact-resistant block inclined supporting legs 2 are positioned on the inclined vertical face 13 of the upper impact-resistant block platform and are kept vertical to the inclined vertical face 13 of the upper impact-resistant block platform, namely, the upper impact-resistant block inclined supporting legs 2 adopt an outwards inclined tree-root-like arrangement mode. Starting from a 0-point direction by taking the overlooking ecological slope protection block unit as a reference, and respectively arranging an upper anti-impact block supporting leg A21, an upper anti-impact block supporting leg B22, an upper anti-impact block supporting leg C23 and an upper anti-impact block supporting leg D24 in a clockwise direction; similarly, the lower vegetation block diagonal support 5 corresponds to the lower vegetation block support leg a51, the lower vegetation block support leg B52, the lower vegetation block support leg C53 and the lower vegetation block support leg D54, respectively. Taking the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a21 as an example, it includes 4 sides, when the normal line of the side is defined to be an acute angle with the normal line of the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11, the side is the first side 211 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a, taking the root of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a21 as the reference, and the other sides in the clockwise direction are the second side 212 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a, the third side 213 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a and the fourth side 214 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg a, respectively.
The upper anti-impact block diagonal support legs 2 adopt a counter-clockwise and rotary windmill type arrangement mode taking the center of a platform as an origin, so that the four upper anti-impact block diagonal support legs 2 are respectively subjected to counter-clockwise position adjustment along the upper anti-impact block platform diagonal elevation 13, the position adjustment means that the relative position of the upper anti-impact block diagonal support legs 2 is only changed, the angle between the upper anti-impact block diagonal support legs 2 and the upper anti-impact block platform diagonal elevation 13 is not changed, the second side surface 212 of the upper anti-impact block support leg A is coplanar with the second side surface 232 of the upper anti-impact block support leg C, the second side surface 222 of the upper anti-impact block support leg B is coplanar with the second side surface 242 of the upper anti-impact block support leg D, and a windmill type rotary layout mode is formed. Similarly, the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg 5 adopts the same setting mode, and is specifically: the second side 512 of the lower vegetation block support leg a is coplanar with the second side 532 of the lower vegetation block support leg C and the second side 522 of the lower vegetation block support leg B is coplanar with the second side 542 of the lower vegetation block support leg D, such that the lower vegetation block diagonal support leg 5 is also in a rotational arrangement; at this time, when the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block are nested and the adjacent lower plant-growing block is placed, when the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block of one ecological slope protection block unit are nested, the upper anti-impact block inclined support leg 2 and the lower plant-growing block inclined support leg 5 of the same ecological slope protection block unit are tightly attached to each other, and the relative movement of the blocks on the slope is mutually limited; when the adjacent ecological slope protection block units are placed, gaps exist between the upper anti-impact block oblique supporting legs 2 and the lower plant-growing block oblique supporting legs 5 of the adjacent ecological slope protection block units, and displacement between the adjacent ecological slope protection block units in the vertical slope scale is allowed. The upper impact block diagonal support leg 2 is diagonally arranged so that it has a vertical side and a diagonal side, wherein the vertical side is perpendicular to the upper impact block platform plane 11.
Further, the inclination angle between the first side 221 of the upper impact-resistant block supporting leg B and the upper impact-resistant block platform plane 11 is 45 °, and the inclination angle between the first side 541 of the lower plant-growing block supporting leg D and the lower plant-growing platform plane 31 in the adjacent ecological slope protection block unit is 45 °; the inclination angle between the first side 521 of the lower planting block supporting leg B and the lower planting platform plane 31 is 45 degrees, and the inclination angle between the first side 241 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg D and the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11 in the adjacent ecological slope protection block unit is 45 degrees; the nested setting of adjacent ecological slope protection structure unit can be realized, and then ecological slope protection unit's displacement in vertical slope direction is restrained. The lower vegetation block has the same configuration, size and inclination angle as the upper anti-impact block, and only the lower vegetation block platform 3 is provided with a through vegetation square hole 4 to provide space for the vegetation 6 on the bank slope surface of the dyke.
Furthermore, the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 and the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg 5 are of variable cross-section structure types; the root of the upper anti-impact block diagonal support leg 2 is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the upper anti-impact block platform diagonal elevation 13, and the section size from the root to the end is reduced from the thickness e to the thickness f; taking the upper anti-impact block support leg B23 as an example, the cross-sectional structure is changed such that the first side 231 of the upper anti-impact block support leg C and the third side 233 of the upper anti-impact block support leg C are still rectangular sides, while the second side 232 of the upper anti-impact block support leg C and the fourth side 234 of the upper anti-impact block support leg C are trapezoidal in cross-section; the root of the lower planting block oblique supporting leg 5 is arranged vertically to the surface of the lower planting platform oblique elevation 33, and the cross section size from the root to the end is consistent with that of the upper anti-impact block in a decreasing mode; the cross section of the connection position of the root part of the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg 5 and the table top is larger, and the cross section of the end part of the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg 5 is small, but the cross sections are rectangular cross section types, and the rectangular length-width ratio is consistent.
Furthermore, the upper anti-impact block platform 1 and the lower plant-growing block platform 3 are designed in a square and equal-thickness structural mode, and the thickness d of the platform is greater than 10cm, so that the upper anti-impact block platform 1 and the lower plant-growing block platform 3 have obvious rigidity characteristics. The dimensions of each structure of the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block are kept consistent, taking the upper anti-impact block as an example, the inclined angles of the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 and the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg 5 are also kept consistent, the angles and the platform inclined elevation angle f are complementary angles, namely, the first side surface of each inclined supporting leg is vertical to the upper anti-impact block platform inclined elevation 13 or the lower plant-growing block platform inclined elevation 33. The inclination angle of the first side surface 211 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg A of the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 is 45 degrees, so that the extension size a of the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 is consistent, the first side surface 221 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg B is parallel to the first side surface 541 of the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg D in the adjacent ecological slope protection block units, and the embedded arrangement between the adjacent ecological slope protection block units is realized; the overhanging dimension a refers to the projection length of the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 and the lower vegetation block inclined supporting leg 5 on the plane of the platform when the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg and the lower vegetation block inclined supporting leg are obliquely arranged.
Furthermore, the side length b of the upper anti-impact building block platform 1 is larger than 30cm, the vegetation square holes 4 of the lower vegetation building block platform 3 are slightly smaller than the size of the lower vegetation building block platform 3, but the reserved protective layer thickness is larger than 2cm, so that the bamboo reinforcement cage is prevented from being exposed. The whole dimension c of the building block is not larger than 100cm, and the dead weight of the structure is prevented from being excessively large. The minimum dimension e of the cross section of the head of the diagonal support leg should not be smaller than 5cm, so as to prevent the mechanism from being damaged due to insufficient bending rigidity.
A construction method of a pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is suitable for a soil dam bank slope ecological management project with a slow gradient (< 45 degrees) and no personnel activity, upper anti-impact building blocks and lower plant-growing building blocks are distinguished during construction, slope surfaces are corrected before arrangement, and native vegetation seeds are scattered. The concrete construction steps are as follows:
Step 1: when precast plant-growing concrete blocks, the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block adopt the same-configuration mold, and plant-growing square holes 4 are reserved for the lower plant-growing block through the mold.
Step 2: the bank slope surface 71 of the dam is manually trimmed, the slope surface is ensured to be smooth, and the layout area of the building blocks is determined to be used as a lofting area.
Step 3: and spreading soil along the slope surface, pre-planting grass seeds of emergent aquatic vegetation according to engineering design and building block layout density, and keeping the flatness of the bank slope surface 71 of the dam as much as possible when planting by adopting a seeder.
Step 4: gabion foundations such as block stones, broken stones and the like are paved along the slope bottom, the gabion foundations are manually rammed to be flat and compact, stone grooves are reserved when the foundations are arranged, and the upper anti-impact block diagonal support legs 2 and the lower plant-growing block diagonal support legs 5 are restrained.
Step 5: from the bottom of the bank slope 7 of the dam, lower vegetation blocks are placed in a lofting area, and the lower vegetation blocks are manually or mechanically pressed to enable the bottom table surface to sink into the bank slope surface 71 of the dam, and the lower vegetation platform inclined vertical surface 33 can prevent the lower vegetation blocks from being pulled out.
Step 6: ramming or treading bare soil between the building blocks to keep the surface soil in a compact state.
Step 7: the upper anti-impact building blocks are manually placed, the positions are adjusted by rotating, and due to the arrangement of the rotating windmill type oblique supporting legs, the oblique supporting legs 2 of the upper anti-impact building blocks on the same side are tightly attached to the oblique supporting legs 5 of the lower plant-growing building blocks, so that the vertical embedding of the upper building blocks and the lower building blocks is realized, and the upper anti-impact building blocks and the lower plant-growing building blocks are subjected to position limitation through the contact of the oblique supporting legs and the anchoring of the oblique supporting legs on a guest soil layer.
Step 8: the upper impact-resistant block is manually pressed so that the upper impact-resistant block diagonal support leg 2 is inserted into the lower foreign soil and is difficult to generate lateral displacement.
Step 9: and placing the lower plant-growing blocks of the adjacent ecological slope protection block units, wherein the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting legs 5 are arranged on one side of the normal symmetrical plane of the lower plant-growing platform plane 31, the adjacent lower plant-growing block inclined supporting legs 5 can be tightly attached, and then the steps 5 to 8 are repeated until the whole plant-growing block ecological slope protection structure is paved.
The upper anti-impact building block platform 1 is provided with four combined side elevation, and each side elevation is composed of an upper anti-impact building block platform vertical elevation 12 and an upper anti-impact building block platform inclined elevation 13; the lower vegetation block platform 3 also has four combined side elevation, and each side elevation is composed of a lower vegetation platform vertical elevation 32 and a lower vegetation platform inclined elevation 33; the inclined vertical face 13 of the upper anti-impact block platform and the inclined vertical face 33 of the lower planting platform are root planes of the respective inclined supporting legs, so that on one hand, the structural dead weight can be properly reduced, and on the other hand, when the inclined vertical face 33 of the lower planting platform is embedded in a bank slope 7 of a dam, an enlarged end can be formed to prevent the lower planting block from being pulled out.
The pier-shaped rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure has the following beneficial effects:
1) The stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is prepared by adopting vegetation concrete blocks, and vegetation roots can penetrate through aggregate pores of the vegetation concrete to form a slope rigid (block) -flexible (root system) vegetation net. In the early stage of construction, the vegetation square holes 4 of the lower vegetation block platform provide space for vegetation on the bank slope surface 71, and after the vegetation grows, the overground stem leaves are shaped like a pile anchor structure, and further the lower vegetation blocks are fixed in the horizontal direction, so that the slope surface protection structure with rigid-flexible cooperative work is formed.
2) The upper anti-impact block platform 1 can effectively avoid river water direct impact and reduce slope erosion; the lower vegetation block platform 3 is provided with vegetation square holes 4, and the lower vegetation block inclined support legs 5 limit and limit the transverse displacement of the upper anti-impact block on one hand, and increase the roughness of the slope protection structure on the other hand, so that the microscopic flow velocity of the water-soil interface is further influenced, and conditions are provided for vegetation growth and biological survival.
3) The stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure has an ecological landscape function, and the vegetation square holes 4 and the whole hollow structure provide space conditions for vegetation growth and aquatic organism inhabitation, so that a small fish reef is formed; the upper anti-impact block diagonal support leg 2 is inserted into the dam bank slope 7 for anchoring, and the lower plant-growing block platform 3 is sunk and embedded, so that the positions of the upper anti-impact block diagonal support leg and the lower plant-growing block platform are always fixed in the direction of the dam bank slope surface 71; the nested arrangement mode has the capacity of self-adapting ground surface deformation, and clings to the slope surface topography under the action of gravity.
4) When the pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is arranged, the ecological slope protection structure has good terrain adaptability, can greatly reduce construction difficulty and reduce earth excavation quantity; the prefabrication of the building blocks can greatly increase the construction speed, prevent impact and simultaneously take the function of reinforcing the slope into account, so that the protection effect is better; the adoption of porous plant-grown concrete and bamboo reinforcement structure enables the pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure to have the characteristics of light weight and environmental friendliness, and has good ecology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a stump type vegetation block.
Fig. 2 (a) is a top view of the upper impact-resistant block and fig. 2 (b) is a top view of the lower vegetation block.
FIG. 3 (a) is a top plan view of two upper impact blocks nested when two adjacent ecological slope protection block units are installed; FIG. 3 (b) is a schematic view of the cross contact of the diagonal support legs of two upper impact blocks when two adjacent ecological slope protection block units are installed; FIG. 3 (c) is a top view of two lower vegetation blocks nested when two adjacent ecological slope protection block units are installed; FIG. 3 (d) is a schematic view of the cross contact of the diagonal support legs of two lower vegetation blocks when two adjacent ecological slope protection block units are installed; FIG. 3 (e) is a top view of the upper impact block diagonal support leg of one ecological slope protection block unit nested with the lower vegetation block of an adjacent ecological slope protection block unit when two ecological slope protection block units are installed; fig. 3 (f) is a schematic diagram showing the cross contact of the upper impact-resistant block diagonal support leg of one ecological slope protection block unit with the lower plant-growing block diagonal support leg in the adjacent ecological slope protection block unit when two ecological slope protection block units are installed.
Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic view of an upper impact block; fig. 4 (b) is a schematic view of the lower vegetation block.
Fig. 5 (a) is a schematic view of the relative positions of upper impact block support leg a and upper impact block support leg C; fig. 5 (b) is a schematic view of the relative positions of the 4 sides of the upper impact block support leg a; fig. 5 (C) is a schematic view of the relative positions of the 4 sides of the upper impact block support leg C.
Fig. 6 is a nested elevation view of the upper impact block and lower vegetation block within adjacent ecological slope protection structural units.
Fig. 7 is a partial schematic view of a pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the arrangement of the pier-type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure on a bank slope of a dike.
In the figure: 1, an upper anti-impact block platform; 2, an upper anti-impact building block oblique supporting leg; 3, a lower plant-growing block platform; 4, planting square holes on the lower planting block platform; 5 oblique support legs of the plant-growing building blocks at the lower part; 6, vegetation on a bank slope surface of the dykes and dams; 7, embankment bank slopes;
11 upper anti-impact block platform plane; 12 vertical elevation of the upper anti-impact building block platform; 13, an upper anti-impact building block platform is inclined in elevation;
21 upper impact block support legs a (starting in the 0 point direction); 22 upper impact-resistant block support legs B;23 upper impact-resistant block support legs C;24 upper impact-resistant block support legs D;
211 upper impact block support leg a; 212 a second side of the upper impact block support leg a; 213 third side of upper impact block support leg a; 214 a fourth side of the upper impact block support leg a; 221 upper impact block support leg B; 222 a second side of the upper impact block support leg B; 231 upper impact block support leg C; 232 a second side of the upper impact block support leg C; 233 a third side of the upper impact block support leg C; 234 a fourth side of the upper impact block support leg C; 241 upper impact block support leg D; 242 second side of upper impact block support leg D;
31 a lower planting platform plane; 32 vertical elevation of the lower planting platform; 33 lower part of the plant is planted flat a table inclined elevation;
51 lower vegetation block support leg a (starting in 0 point direction); 52 lower vegetation block support legs B;53 lower plant-growing block supporting legs C;54 lower vegetation block support legs 4;
512 a second side of the lower vegetation block support leg a; 521 a first side of the lower vegetation block support leg B; 522 a second side of the lower vegetation block support leg B; 532 lower vegetation block support leg C; 541 a first side of a lower vegetation block support leg D; 542 second side of lower vegetation block support leg D;
71 dyke land slope surface.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. The following description is only intended to aid in the understanding of the invention. Modifications and improvements of this invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of this invention, and are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.
As shown in fig. 1, the stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is formed by nesting an upper anti-impact building block and a lower vegetation building block, wherein the upper anti-impact building block is made of bamboo ribs and vegetation concrete.
The upper impact-resistant building block comprises an impact-resistant platform 1 and an upper impact-resistant building block inclined supporting leg 2. The upper anti-impact building block platform 1 comprises four side vertical surfaces in four directions, each side vertical surface in each direction is composed of an upper anti-impact building block platform vertical surface 12 and an upper anti-impact building block platform inclined vertical surface 13, and the upper anti-impact platform vertical surfaces 12 and the upper anti-impact platform inclined vertical surfaces 13 of the four sides are sequentially and alternately arranged. The upper anti-impact block oblique supporting legs 2 are uniformly distributed on the upper anti-impact block platform oblique vertical face 13, from the central axis of the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11, the anti-clockwise position adjustment is carried out along the upper anti-impact block platform oblique vertical face 13, the position adjustment means that the relative position of the upper anti-impact block oblique supporting legs 2 is only changed, the angle between the upper anti-impact block oblique supporting legs and the upper anti-impact block platform oblique vertical face 13 is not changed, so that the second side face 212 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg A is coplanar with the second side face 232 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg C, the second side face 222 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg B is coplanar with the second side face 242 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg D, and a rotary windmill-like arrangement mode is formed. Similarly, the second side 512 of the lower vegetation block supporting leg a is coplanar with the second side 532 of the lower vegetation block supporting leg C, and the second side 522 of the lower vegetation block supporting leg B is coplanar with the second side 542 of the lower vegetation block supporting leg D, so that the lower vegetation block diagonal supporting leg 5 is arranged in a windmill-like manner in the opposite direction, and the upper impact-resistant block and the lower vegetation block are nested on the slope.
The upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 is positioned on the side of the upper anti-impact block platform inclined elevation 13; the inclination angle between the first side 221 of the upper anti-impact block supporting leg B and the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11 is 45 degrees, and the inclination angle between the first side 541 of the lower plant-growing block supporting leg D and the lower plant-growing platform plane 31 in the adjacent ecological slope protection block unit is 45 degrees; the first side 521 of the lower plant-growing block supporting leg B and the lower plant-growing platform plane 31 have an inclination angle of 45 degrees, and the first side 241 of the upper impact-preventing block supporting leg D in the adjacent ecological slope protection block unit and the upper impact-preventing block platform plane 11 have an inclination angle of 45 degrees, so that the nesting arrangement of the adjacent ecological slope protection structure unit can be realized, and the displacement of the ecological slope protection unit in the vertical slope direction is restrained. The configuration and the connection mode of the lower vegetation block platform 3 and the lower vegetation block diagonal support leg 5 are basically consistent with the related structure of the upper anti-impact block, and the vegetation square holes 4 are only arranged in the middle of the lower vegetation block platform 3. The inclined vertical faces 13 and 33 of the platform serve to reduce the overall weight of the block, while the vertical faces 12 and 32 increase the area of connection with the inclined support legs 2 and 5.
The upper anti-impact building blocks and the lower plant-growing building blocks are nested to form an ecological slope protection building block unit, and the adjacent ecological slope protection building block units have a distance of 1-2cm, namely smaller gaps exist between the lower plant-growing building blocks of the adjacent upper anti-impact building blocks. The gap allows a small degree of displacement between adjacent upper anti-impact blocks and adjacent lower vegetation blocks, so that stress concentration phenomenon caused by slope deformation is prevented, and the structure is further damaged; there is also a space between the upper anti-impact block and the lower plant-growing block, which is related to the insertion depth of the upper anti-impact block diagonal support leg 2, but the diagonal support leg arranged in the rotating windmill type can limit the displacement of the blocks on the plane of the bank slope surface 71 of the dam, so that the upper and lower blocks can be deformed and settled against the ground only under the action of gravity, thereby forming a rigid-flexible cooperative ecological protection structure.
As shown in fig. 5, ecological protection is performed on a certain bank slope with a slow slope (30 °) at the risk of erosion, and the following steps are performed:
Step 1: firstly, in a construction site, precast upper anti-impact blocks and lower plant-growing blocks are made of plant-growing concrete, and plant-growing square holes 4 are reserved for the lower plant-growing blocks through special dies.
Step 2: the bank slope surface 71 of the dam is trimmed by adopting a manual/mechanical mode, so that the bank slope surface 71 of the dam is kept flat, and a target area for laying the building blocks is determined and used as a lofting area.
Step 3: and (3) laying earth on the slope surface 71 of the dam bank slope, manually tamping, calculating the laying density according to the laying pattern and overlapping amount of the building blocks, and pre-planting grass seeds of emergent aquatic vegetation in the vegetation square hole area 4 of the lower vegetation building blocks and the laying gaps of the adjacent lower vegetation building block platforms 3, wherein the flatness of the slope surface 71 of the dam bank slope and the compact state of the dam bank slope 7 are maintained as much as possible when planting by a seeder.
Step 4: a foundation consisting of block stones, strip stones, broken stones and steel wire gabions is paved along the slope bottom of the dam bank slope 7, the foundation is leveled and compacted by manual ramming, and then the gabions are closed. The stone grooves are reserved when the foundation is arranged, and the inclined supporting legs of the building blocks are restrained.
Step 5: soil at the table surface of the lower plant-growing building block is excavated. Then, from the bottom of the river bank slope, placing lower plant-growing blocks in a lofting area, mechanically pressing the lower plant-growing blocks to enable the lower plant-growing block platform 3 to sink into the slope body of the dam bank slope 7, backfilling earth in the plant-growing square holes 4 and manually compacting, and enabling the inclined vertical face 33 of the lower plant-growing platform to form an enlarged end in the dam bank slope 7 so as to prevent the lower plant-growing blocks from being pulled out.
Step 6: the bare soil between the blocks is rammed to keep the soil on the bank slope surface 71 of the dyke in a compact state.
Step 7: the upper anti-impact building block 1 is placed, and the position is adjusted by rotating, so that the upper anti-impact building block inclined supporting leg 2 is tightly attached to the lower plant-growing building block inclined supporting leg 5, and the embedding of the upper building block and the lower building block is realized on the plane vertical to the bank slope surface 71 of the dyke.
Step 8: the upper anti-impact block platform plane 11 is manually pressed, so that the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg 2 is inserted into the lower foreign soil to a certain depth, thereby forming an anchoring effect and limiting the transverse displacement of the structure.
Step 9: the lower vegetation blocks of the adjacent ecological slope protection block units are placed, so that the spacing between the adjacent lower vegetation blocks is kept at 1-2cm, the blocks are allowed to have small displacement allowance on the plane, and the adjacent blocks can be closely attached due to the rotary arrangement of the lower vegetation block oblique supporting legs 5. And (5) repeating the steps 5 to 8 until the whole vegetation block ecological slope protection structure is paved.
The examples described above represent only embodiments of the invention and are not to be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the invention, it being pointed out that several variants and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of the invention, which fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is characterized in that the stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure mainly comprises prefabricated plant-generated concrete blocks, is an ecological slope protection structure with a similar stump structure type and self-adaptive terrain, is formed by nesting an upper impact-resistant block and a lower plant-generated block, forms an ecological slope protection block unit after nesting the upper impact-resistant block and the lower plant-generated block, has the same external configuration as the lower plant-generated block, and is different in that an impact-resistant platform table surface of the lower plant-generated block is subjected to penetrating and perforating design to provide space for slope vegetation growth;
the upper anti-impact building block comprises an upper anti-impact building block platform (1) and four upper anti-impact building block inclined supporting legs (2) which expand downwards and outwards; the lower plant-growing block comprises a lower plant-growing block platform (3) and four upper plant-growing block inclined supporting legs (5) which expand upwards and outwards; here, the upper impact-resistant block structure is described:
The upper anti-impact building block platform (1) is of square and equal-thickness design and is prepared from plant-grown concrete, and a bamboo reinforcement cage is arranged in the upper anti-impact building block platform (1) and is consistent with the outer contour of the platform; the inside of the upper anti-impact block diagonal support leg (2) also adopts a bamboo reinforcement cage structure and is fixed on a bamboo reinforcement cage of the upper anti-impact block platform (1);
The upper anti-impact building block platform (1) comprises four combined side vertical surfaces, each side vertical surface consists of an upper anti-impact platform vertical surface (12) and an upper anti-impact platform inclined vertical surface (13), and the upper anti-impact platform vertical surfaces (12) and the upper anti-impact platform inclined vertical surfaces (13) of the four side vertical surfaces are sequentially and alternately arranged; the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting legs (2) are arranged perpendicular to the upper anti-impact platform inclined vertical face (13), namely the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting legs (2) are obliquely arranged in four directions of the upper anti-impact block platform (1);
The lower vegetation block is consistent with the upper anti-impact block in configuration, size and inclination angle, and only the lower vegetation block platform (3) is provided with a through vegetation square hole (4) to provide space for vegetation on a bank slope surface of the dyke.
2. The stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation concrete block is porous concrete formed by aggregate and adhesive.
3. The pier-shaped rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the upper impact-resistant block diagonal support leg (2) and the lower plant-growing block diagonal support leg (5) are of variable cross-section structure types; the root of the upper anti-impact block inclined supporting leg (2) is vertically arranged with the surface of the upper anti-impact block platform inclined vertical face (13), and the section size from the root to the end is reduced; the root of the lower plant-growing block inclined supporting leg (5) is arranged perpendicular to the surface of the inclined vertical face (33) of the lower plant-growing platform, and the cross section size from the root to the end is reduced.
4. The stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein:
The bamboo reinforcement cage is bound and fixed by hemp ropes; the width of the section of the bamboo reinforcement cage arranged in the upper anti-impact building block platform (1) is more than 2cm, and the thickness is more than 0.5cm;
The thickness of the upper anti-impact block platform (1) and the lower plant-growing block platform (3) is more than 10cm;
the side length of the upper anti-punching block platform (1) is larger than 30cm, the vegetation square holes (4) of the lower vegetation block platform (3) are smaller than the size of the platform, and a protective layer is reserved to prevent the bamboo reinforcement cage from being exposed; the whole dimension c of the building block is not more than 100cm, so that the dead weight of the structure is prevented from being excessively large; the minimum size of the cross section of the head of the diagonal support leg is not less than 5cm.
5. The pier-type rigid-flexible collaborative ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the inclined angle of the inclined elevation (13) of the upper anti-impact platform is 40-50 degrees.
6. The pier-shaped rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the inclined angle of the inclined elevation (13) of the upper impact-resistant platform is 45 degrees.
7. The construction method of the stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the stump type rigid-flexible cooperative ecological slope protection structure is suitable for a soil dam bank slope ecological management project with a slow gradient and no personnel activity, upper building blocks and lower building blocks are distinguished during construction, slope surfaces are corrected before arrangement, and native vegetation seeds are sown; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: when precast plant-growing concrete blocks, the upper anti-impact blocks and the lower plant-growing blocks adopt the same-configuration mold, but the lower blocks are added with square molds so as to ensure that plant-growing square holes (4) are reserved on the anti-impact table top;
Step 2: manually trimming a bank slope surface (71) of the dam to ensure the slope surface to be smooth, and determining the layout areas of the upper anti-impact building blocks and the lower plant-growing building blocks as lofting areas;
Step 3: spreading foreign soil along the slope, pre-planting grass seeds of emergent aquatic vegetation according to engineering design and building block layout density, and keeping the flatness of the bank slope (71) of the dyke as much as possible when planting by adopting a seeder;
Step 4: paving gabion foundations along the slope bottoms, tamping the gabion foundations to be flat and compact, reserving stone grooves when the foundations are arranged, and restraining upper anti-impact block inclined support legs (2) and lower plant-growing block inclined support legs (5);
Step 5: placing lower plant-growing blocks in a lofting area from the bottom of a dam bank slope (7), pressing the lower plant-growing blocks to enable a bottom table surface to sink into a dam bank slope surface (71), and enabling the lower plant-growing platform to incline to a vertical surface (33) to prevent the lower plant-growing blocks from being pulled out;
Step 6: ramming or stepping bare foreign soil among the building blocks to keep the surface foreign soil in a compact state;
step 7: placing the upper anti-impact building blocks, rotating the adjusting positions to enable the oblique supporting legs (2) of the upper anti-impact building blocks and the oblique supporting legs (5) of the lower plant-growing building blocks on the same side to be closely attached, realizing the vertical embedding of the upper building blocks and the lower building blocks, and limiting the positions of the upper anti-impact building blocks and the lower plant-growing building blocks through the contact of the oblique supporting legs and the anchoring of the oblique supporting legs in a soil-alienating layer;
Step 8: pressing the upper building block to enable the upper anti-impact building block inclined supporting leg (2) to be inserted into the lower soil;
Step 9: placing the lower vegetation blocks of the adjacent ecological slope protection block units, tightly attaching the oblique supporting legs (5) of the adjacent lower vegetation blocks, and repeating the steps 5 to 8 until the whole vegetation block ecological slope protection structure is paved.
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