CN118318924A - Preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed Download PDFInfo
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- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q3/00—Condition responsive control processes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed, which relates to the technical field of biological feed processing and comprises the following steps: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a preset proportion, preprocessing, uniformly mixing all raw material components, then sending the raw material components into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain a fermentation material, drying the fermentation material, sending the fermentation material into a granulator to obtain wet feed particles, sending the wet feed particles into a fluidized bed dryer for drying to obtain dry feed particles, weighing and packaging the dry feed particles; according to the invention, the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process is used as a judgment standard, theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes are obtained through accurate analysis, production errors can be judged according to the change of the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process, and the mechanical parameters in each processing process can be timely adjusted, so that the biological thallus content in the final biological feed product meets the standard on the premise of ensuring the processing efficiency, and the nutritional value of the feed is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed processing, in particular to a preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed.
Background
The method is mainly used in straw briquetting feed and biological straw protein feed worldwide, and the development of straw in China has incomparable resource potential, and the annual yield of agricultural straw cornstalks, rice straws, wheat straws, rape stalks, peanut grass, sweet potato vines and the like in China is 7 hundred million tons, so that a solid material foundation is provided for the development of non-grain type aquaculture animal husbandry in China.
However, the crop straw crude fiber has high content, is difficult to digest and absorb by animals, has few available nutrients and poor palatability, is classified as a crude feed in feed taxonomy, and is difficult to produce economic effect, and the straw biological feed technology can convert the crude feed with low utilization rate into concentrated feed with high utilization rate, and the crude fiber contained in the concentrated feed is degraded into small molecular substances such as monosaccharide, disaccharide, amino acid and the like which are easy to digest and absorb by animals by using special engineering bacteria, so that the digestibility of the feed is improved. Meanwhile, a large amount of microorganism thallus proteins and other useful metabolites with rich nutrition are also produced and accumulated in the biological treatment process of the straw, such as organic acid, alcohol, aldehyde, ester, vitamin, antibiotics, trace elements and the like, so that the feed becomes soft and fragrant, the nutrition is increased, various digestive enzymes and various unknown growth-promoting factors are contained, the disease resistance of animals can be enhanced, the growth and development of the animals can be stimulated, and some metabolites have a preservative effect (such as lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol and the like) on the feed, and the shelf life of the feed can be prolonged.
However, in the existing biological feed processing process, the temperature control and time control of the fermentation process are not accurate enough, the microbial thallus content after fermentation possibly cannot reach the standard, and the fermented material after fermentation also needs to be dried and granulated, so that the microbial thallus content is possibly further reduced in the drying process, and the nutritional value of the biological feed is affected;
in view of the above technical drawbacks, a solution is now proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: the theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes are obtained by taking the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process as a judgment standard and carrying out accurate analysis.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing raw materials: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a preset proportion, and preprocessing, wherein the raw materials comprise biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and strains, and the strains comprise 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of saccharomycetes, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma and 0.5-1 part of nattokinase;
Step two, mixed fermentation: after the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added into the biomass base material and uniformly mixed by a mixer, so as to obtain a mixed material, then lactobacillus, microzyme, trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixed material and continuously stirred uniformly by the mixer, and then the mixed material is introduced into a fermentation tank to be fermented in a sealing way under the condition of ensuring constant temperature, so as to obtain a fermented material;
Step three, granulating: dehydrating and drying the fermented material after fermentation, and then delivering the dehydrated and dried fermented material into a granulator for granulation under the action of mechanical extrusion and friction, wherein the temperature and the humidity are controlled in the granulator to form uniform wet feed particles with certain mechanical strength;
Step four, high-efficiency drying: the wet feed particles are sent into a fluidized bed dryer for drying, parameters are adjusted through a control panel, so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in high-temperature high-humidity airflow, the moisture content is reduced to a proper level, and then the wet feed particles are cooled through a cooler, so that dry feed particles are obtained;
step five, packaging and leaving a factory: the dry feed pellets were weighed quantitatively and then hermetically packed with plastic bags.
In the second step, determining fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological thallus content of the fermented product, and judging the actual biological thallus content of the fermented product through a control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
In the third step, after fermentation and check signals are obtained, granulation is started, the processing temperature and the processing humidity of a granulator are determined based on the preset biological thallus content of the wet feed particles in the granulation process, and granulation qualified signals are generated by judging the actual biological thallus content of the wet feed particles again so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
And step four, after the granulation qualified signal is obtained, starting drying, and determining the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer based on the preset biological thallus content of the dry feed particles in the drying process.
Further, the biomass base material comprises 35-55 parts of straws, 13-25 parts of bean pulp, 8-18 parts of vinasse and 23-35 parts of pomace.
Further, the theoretical biological thallus content of the fermented product comprises a bacterial number indicator a, a spore number indicator b and a living bacterium number indicator c, and the theoretical biological thallus content Q of the fermented product is calculated according to a normalization formula: Wherein e1, e2, e3 are all preset scaling factors, and e1 > e2 > e3.
The bacterial count indication a indicates that the total bacterial count per gram is not less than 2.0X10A 9CFU/g;
the viable bacteria number indication b indicates that the total number of viable bacteria per gram is not less than 1.0x109CFU/g;
the spore number indicator c indicates that it must contain more than 1.0X10-6 CFU/g of heat resistant spores per gram.
Further, the control panel comprises a parameter recording unit, a parameter selecting unit, a parameter adjusting unit and a calibration unit;
The parameter recording unit is used for recording processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, wherein the processing parameters comprise fermentation parameters, namely fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, namely processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, namely drying temperature and drying humidity;
the parameter selection unit is used for classifying and marking different types of biological feeds, displaying the classified marks for operators to select, and sending a selected result to the parameter adjustment unit;
the parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the biological feed type represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermentation tank, the granulator and the fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters;
the calibration unit is used for acquiring the parameter calibration signal and carrying out parameter calibration according to the parameter tracing parameter flow of the parameter calibration signal.
Further, the specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process is as follows:
S101, respectively obtaining fermentation optimal temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase, sequentially sequencing the T1, T2, T3 and T4 to obtain a maximum temperature Tmax and a minimum temperature Tmin, knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin and Tmax), and obtaining biological thallus content change data in the mixture along with the rise of the fermentation temperature in the fermentation temperature range, and calculating a temperature efficiency value;
S102, acquiring an initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as a basic value, acquiring change data of the content of biological thalli in the mixture along with the rise of the humidity value stage, and calculating a humidity efficiency value;
S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into a training sample, and according to the proportion 8:1:1 dividing training samples into a training set, a verification set and a test set, initializing a convolutional neural network to serve as input data of the convolutional neural network, training based on the convolutional neural network to obtain an efficiency model, and evaluating model effects by using the test set
S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the fact that the biological thallus content of the fermented product reaches Q1 as a termination signal, and outputting the shortest fermentation time, wherein the humidity data and the temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and the fermentation temperature.
Further, the specific process of generating the fermentation qualified signal is as follows:
s201, calculating initial bacterial quantity Q0 of the biological bacterial body according to the addition quantity of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase and the weight of the mixture before the fermentation of the fermentation material starts: Wherein m1, m2, m3 and m4 are the addition amounts of lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively, and eta 1, eta 2, eta 3 and eta 4 are the active matter contents of the lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively;
S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation materials are obtained, the fermentation materials are equally divided into three parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermentation materials are respectively measured;
the determination process of the amino nitrogen content comprises the following steps: pretreating a fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquor, taking a supernatant, adding methyl red and hydrochloric acid as indicators, adding 0.02N NaOH to adjust colors until the colors just fade, adding 18% neutral formaldehyde as a substrate, reacting for several times, adding 0.02N to change colors, and calculating the content of amino nitrogen according to the consumption of the NaOH;
the measurement process of the carbon content comprises the following steps: directly mixing a proper amount of fermentation material into 1 ml of inorganic buffer solution, heating 2ml of 2% K2Cr2O7 solution at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, continuously adding water to dilute to 5 ml, and reading absorbance value at a wavelength of 580nm to calculate the carbon content;
The determination process of the content of the reducing sugar comprises the following steps: pretreating a fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquor, adding a copper sulfate solution, reducing copper salt into cuprous oxide by reducing sugar in the centrifugal fermentation liquor, and determining the content of the cuprous oxide by titration of a potassium permanganate solution so as to calculate the amount of the reducing sugar;
s203, calculating the biomass content Q1 of the fermented product according to a content calculation formula:
S204, calculating a biological thallus deviation value delta Q1: Δq1=q1-Q0;
S205, acquiring a biological thallus deviation threshold value Q alpha, and if delta Q1 is smaller than or equal to Q alpha, generating a fermentation qualified signal, wherein the fermentation qualified signal indicates that the biological thallus content in the fermentation product is increased according to a preset condition;
if the delta Q1 is larger than the Q alpha, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind a worker to check the fermentation parameters.
Further, the specific process of determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows:
S301, when granulation is carried out, acquiring the biomass content Q1 of a fermentation product in a self-fermentation process, and respectively setting a plurality of group processing environments according to parameter gears of a granulator, wherein the group processing environments comprise a first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4;
S302, granulating the fermented product in a plurality of group processing environments to obtain processed wet feed particles, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermented product again to obtain the corresponding biological thallus contents Qm1, qm2, qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed particles in the processing environments;
S303, calculating a theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma between the biological thallus content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles: Δqγ=q2-Qmi, i=1, 2, 3, 4;
S304, comparing and selecting the smallest theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma, wherein the processing temperature and the processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters.
Further, the specific process of generating the granulation qualified signal is as follows:
s401, after the preset fermentation time is finished after granulation, obtaining a certain amount of wet feed particles, dividing the wet feed particles into three parts, respectively measuring the amino nitrogen content, the reducing sugar content and the carbon content of the wet feed particles, and calculating the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles according to a content calculation formula;
s402, acquiring the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles, and calculating a thallus content damage deviation value delta Q2 in the granulating process: Δq2=q3-Q2;
S403, acquiring a cell content damage deviation threshold Q beta, and generating a granulation qualified signal if delta Q2 is smaller than or equal to Q beta;
if Δq2 is greater than qβ, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to alert the staff to check the pelleting parameters.
Further, the specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows:
s501, acquiring the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles and the initial humidity of the wet feed particles in the self-granulating process before drying;
S502, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the initial humidity of the wet feed particles as an origin, taking humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve;
S503, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the environmental temperature data as an origin, taking the stable humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a temperature influence coordinate system to obtain a temperature change curve;
s504, acquiring the preset dry feed pellet biological thallus content Q4, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain an overlapped coordinate system, and taking the biological thallus content Q4 value as a judging reference line on the overlapped coordinate system to obtain the intersection point of the judging reference line, the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve;
S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the cross points, namely drying temperature and drying humidity.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the invention, the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process is used as a judgment standard, theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes are obtained through accurate analysis, production errors can be judged according to the change of the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process, and the mechanical parameters in each processing process can be timely adjusted, so that the biological thallus content in the final biological feed product meets the standard on the premise of ensuring the processing efficiency, and the nutritional value of the feed is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the control system structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples:
As shown in fig. 1-2, a preparation method of high-efficiency dried biological feed comprises the following steps:
Step one, preparing raw materials: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a preset proportion, and preprocessing, wherein the raw materials comprise biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and strains, and the strains comprise 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of saccharomycetes, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma and 0.5-1 part of nattokinase;
The biomass base material comprises 35-55 parts of straw, 13-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-18 parts of vinasse and 23-35 parts of pomace.
Step two, mixed fermentation: after the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added into the biomass base material and uniformly mixed by a mixer, so as to obtain a mixed material, then lactobacillus, microzyme, trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixed material and continuously stirred uniformly by the mixer, and then the mixed material is introduced into a fermentation tank to be fermented in a sealing way under the condition of ensuring constant temperature, so as to obtain a fermented material;
Step three, granulating: dehydrating and drying the fermented material after fermentation, and then delivering the dehydrated and dried fermented material into a granulator for granulation under the action of mechanical extrusion and friction, wherein the temperature and the humidity are controlled in the granulator to form uniform wet feed particles with certain mechanical strength;
Step four, high-efficiency drying: the wet feed particles are sent into a fluidized bed dryer for drying, parameters are adjusted through a control panel, so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in high-temperature high-humidity airflow, the moisture content is reduced to a proper level, and then the wet feed particles are cooled through a cooler, so that dry feed particles are obtained;
step five, packaging and leaving a factory: the dry feed pellets were weighed quantitatively and then hermetically packed with plastic bags.
In the second step, determining fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological thallus content of the fermented product, and judging the actual biological thallus content of the fermented product through a control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
The theoretical biological thallus content of the ferment comprises a bacterial number indicator a, a spore number indicator b and a living bacterium number indicator c, and the theoretical biological thallus content Q of the ferment is calculated according to a normalization formula: Wherein e1, e2, e3 are all preset scaling factors, and e1 > e2 > e3.
The bacterial count indication a indicates that the total bacterial count per gram is not less than 2.0X10A 9CFU/g;
the viable bacteria number indication b indicates that the total number of viable bacteria per gram is not less than 1.0x109CFU/g;
the spore number indicator c indicates that it must contain more than 1.0X10-6 CFU/g of heat resistant spores per gram.
The specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process is as follows:
S101, respectively obtaining fermentation optimal temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase, sequentially sequencing the T1, T2, T3 and T4 to obtain a maximum temperature Tmax and a minimum temperature Tmin, knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin and Tmax), and obtaining biological thallus content change data in the mixture along with the rise of the fermentation temperature in the fermentation temperature range, and calculating a temperature efficiency value;
S102, acquiring an initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as a basic value, acquiring change data of the content of biological thalli in the mixture along with the rise of the humidity value stage, and calculating a humidity efficiency value;
S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into a training sample, and according to the proportion 8:1:1 dividing training samples into a training set, a verification set and a test set, initializing a convolutional neural network to serve as input data of the convolutional neural network, training based on the convolutional neural network to obtain an efficiency model, and evaluating model effects by using the test set
S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the fact that the biological thallus content of the fermented product reaches Q1 as a termination signal, and outputting the shortest fermentation time, wherein the humidity data and the temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and the fermentation temperature.
The specific process for generating the fermentation qualified signal is as follows:
s201, calculating initial bacterial quantity Q0 of the biological bacterial body according to the addition quantity of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase and the weight of the mixture before the fermentation of the fermentation material starts: Wherein m1, m2, m3 and m4 are the addition amounts of lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively, and eta 1, eta 2, eta 3 and eta 4 are the active matter contents of the lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively;
S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation materials are obtained, the fermentation materials are equally divided into three parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermentation materials are respectively measured;
the determination process of the amino nitrogen content comprises the following steps: pretreating a fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquor, taking a supernatant, adding methyl red and hydrochloric acid as indicators, adding 0.02N NaOH to adjust colors until the colors just fade, adding 18% neutral formaldehyde as a substrate, reacting for several times, adding 0.02N to change colors, and calculating the content of amino nitrogen according to the consumption of the NaOH;
the measurement process of the carbon content comprises the following steps: directly mixing a proper amount of fermentation material into 1 ml of inorganic buffer solution, heating 2ml of 2% K2Cr2O7 solution at 100 ℃ for 30 minutes, cooling, continuously adding water to dilute to 5 ml, and reading absorbance value at a wavelength of 580nm to calculate the carbon content;
The determination process of the content of the reducing sugar comprises the following steps: pretreating a fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquor, adding a copper sulfate solution, reducing copper salt into cuprous oxide by reducing sugar in the centrifugal fermentation liquor, and determining the content of the cuprous oxide by titration of a potassium permanganate solution so as to calculate the amount of the reducing sugar;
s203, calculating the biomass content Q1 of the fermented product according to a content calculation formula:
S204, calculating a biological thallus deviation value delta Q1: Δq1=q1-Q0;
S205, acquiring a biological thallus deviation threshold value Q alpha, and if delta Q1 is smaller than or equal to Q alpha, generating a fermentation qualified signal, wherein the fermentation qualified signal indicates that the biological thallus content in the fermentation product is increased according to a preset condition;
if the delta Q1 is larger than the Q alpha, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind a worker to check the fermentation parameters.
In the third step, after fermentation and check signals are obtained, granulation is started, the processing temperature and the processing humidity of a granulator are determined based on the preset biological thallus content of the wet feed particles in the granulation process, and granulation qualified signals are generated by judging the actual biological thallus content of the wet feed particles again so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
The specific process of determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows:
S301, when granulation is carried out, acquiring the biomass content Q1 of a fermentation product in a self-fermentation process, and respectively setting a plurality of group processing environments according to parameter gears of a granulator, wherein the group processing environments comprise a first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4;
S302, granulating the fermented product in a plurality of group processing environments to obtain processed wet feed particles, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermented product again to obtain the corresponding biological thallus contents Qm1, qm2, qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed particles in the processing environments;
S303, calculating a theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma between the biological thallus content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles: Δqγ=q2-Qmi, i=1, 2, 3, 4;
S304, comparing and selecting the smallest theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma, wherein the processing temperature and the processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters.
The specific process for generating the granulation qualified signal is as follows:
s401, after the preset fermentation time is finished after granulation, obtaining a certain amount of wet feed particles, dividing the wet feed particles into three parts, respectively measuring the amino nitrogen content, the reducing sugar content and the carbon content of the wet feed particles, and calculating the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles according to a content calculation formula;
s402, acquiring the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles, and calculating a thallus content damage deviation value delta Q2 in the granulating process: Δq2=q3-Q2;
S403, acquiring a cell content damage deviation threshold Q beta, and generating a granulation qualified signal if delta Q2 is smaller than or equal to Q beta;
if Δq2 is greater than qβ, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to alert the staff to check the pelleting parameters.
In the fourth step, drying is started after the granulation qualified signal is obtained, and the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer are determined based on the preset biological thallus content of the dry feed particles in the drying process;
the specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows:
s501, acquiring the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles and the initial humidity of the wet feed particles in the self-granulating process before drying;
S502, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the initial humidity of the wet feed particles as an origin, taking humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve;
S503, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the environmental temperature data as an origin, taking the stable humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a temperature influence coordinate system to obtain a temperature change curve;
s504, acquiring the preset dry feed pellet biological thallus content Q4, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain an overlapped coordinate system, and taking the biological thallus content Q4 value as a judging reference line on the overlapped coordinate system to obtain the intersection point of the judging reference line, the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve;
S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the cross points, namely drying temperature and drying humidity.
The control panel comprises a parameter recording unit, a parameter selecting unit, a parameter adjusting unit and a calibration unit;
the parameter recording unit is used for recording processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, wherein the processing parameters comprise fermentation parameters, namely fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, namely processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, namely drying temperature and drying humidity;
The parameter selection unit is used for classifying and marking different types of biological feeds, displaying the classifying and marking for operators to select, and sending a selected result to the parameter adjustment unit;
the parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the biological feed type represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermentation tank, the granulator and the fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters;
the calibration unit is used for acquiring the parameter calibration signal and carrying out parameter calibration according to the parameter tracing parameter flow of the parameter calibration signal.
According to the invention, the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process is used as a judgment standard, theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes are obtained through accurate analysis, production errors can be judged according to the change of the biological thallus content of the product in the processing process, and the mechanical parameters in each processing process can be timely adjusted, so that the biological thallus content in the final biological feed product meets the standard on the premise of ensuring the processing efficiency, and the nutritional value of the feed is ensured.
The interval and the threshold are set for the convenience of comparison, and the size of the threshold depends on the number of sample data and the number of cardinalities set for each group of sample data by a person skilled in the art; as long as the proportional relation between the parameter and the quantized value is not affected.
The formulas are all formulas with dimensions removed and numerical calculation, the formulas are formulas with a large amount of data collected for software simulation to obtain the latest real situation, and preset parameters in the formulas are set by a person skilled in the art according to the actual situation;
in the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system may be implemented in other manners; for example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of the modules is merely a logical function division, and there may be additional divisions when actually implemented, e.g., multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed; alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with respect to each other may be through some interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, electrical, mechanical, or other form;
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the biological feed with high efficiency and dryness is characterized by comprising the following steps:
Step one, preparing raw materials: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a preset proportion, and preprocessing, wherein the raw materials comprise biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and strains, and the strains comprise 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of saccharomycetes, 0.5-1 part of trichoderma and 0.5-1 part of nattokinase;
Step two, mixed fermentation: after the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added into the biomass base material and uniformly mixed by a mixer, so as to obtain a mixed material, then lactobacillus, microzyme, trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixed material and continuously stirred uniformly by the mixer, and then the mixed material is introduced into a fermentation tank to be fermented in a sealing way under the condition of ensuring constant temperature, so as to obtain a fermented material;
Step three, granulating: dehydrating and drying the fermented material after fermentation, and then delivering the dehydrated and dried fermented material into a granulator for granulation under the action of mechanical extrusion and friction, wherein the temperature and the humidity are controlled in the granulator to form uniform wet feed particles with certain mechanical strength;
Step four, high-efficiency drying: the wet feed particles are sent into a fluidized bed dryer for drying, parameters are adjusted through a control panel, so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in high-temperature high-humidity airflow, the moisture content is reduced to a proper level, and then the wet feed particles are cooled through a cooler, so that dry feed particles are obtained;
step five, packaging and leaving a factory: the dry feed pellets were weighed quantitatively and then hermetically packed with plastic bags.
In the second step, determining fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological thallus content of the fermented product, and judging the actual biological thallus content of the fermented product through a control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
In the third step, after fermentation and check signals are obtained, granulation is started, the processing temperature and the processing humidity of a granulator are determined based on the preset biological thallus content of the wet feed particles in the granulation process, and granulation qualified signals are generated by judging the actual biological thallus content of the wet feed particles again so as to carry out the next processing procedure;
And step four, after the granulation qualified signal is obtained, starting drying, and determining the drying temperature and the drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer based on the preset biological thallus content of the dry feed particles in the drying process.
2. The method for preparing high-efficiency dry biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the biomass base material comprises 35-55 parts of straw, 13-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-18 parts of distillers grains and 23-35 parts of pomace.
3. The method for preparing high-efficiency dried biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical biological cell content of the fermented product comprises a bacterial number indicator a, a spore number indicator b and a living bacterial number indicator c, and the theoretical biological cell content Q of the fermented product is calculated according to a normalization formula: Wherein e1, e2, e3 are all preset scaling factors, and e1 > e2 > e3.
4. The method for preparing high-efficiency dry biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the control panel comprises a parameter recording unit, a parameter selecting unit, a parameter adjusting unit and a calibration unit;
The parameter recording unit is used for recording processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, wherein the processing parameters comprise fermentation parameters, namely fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, namely processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, namely drying temperature and drying humidity;
the parameter selection unit is used for classifying and marking different types of biological feeds, displaying the classified marks for operators to select, and sending a selected result to the parameter adjustment unit;
the parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the biological feed type represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermentation tank, the granulator and the fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters;
the calibration unit is used for acquiring the parameter calibration signal and carrying out parameter calibration according to the parameter tracing parameter flow of the parameter calibration signal.
5. The method for preparing high-efficiency dried biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature in the fermentation process is as follows:
S101, respectively obtaining fermentation optimal temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase, sequentially sequencing the T1, T2, T3 and T4 to obtain a maximum temperature Tmax and a minimum temperature Tmin, knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin and Tmax), and obtaining biological thallus content change data in the mixture along with the rise of the fermentation temperature in the fermentation temperature range, and calculating a temperature efficiency value;
S102, acquiring an initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as a basic value, acquiring change data of the content of biological thalli in the mixture along with the rise of the humidity value stage, and calculating a humidity efficiency value;
S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into a training sample, and according to the proportion 8:1:1 dividing training samples into a training set, a verification set and a test set, initializing a convolutional neural network to serve as input data of the convolutional neural network, training based on the convolutional neural network to obtain an efficiency model, and evaluating model effects by using the test set
S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the fact that the biological thallus content of the fermented product reaches Q1 as a termination signal, and outputting the shortest fermentation time, wherein the humidity data and the temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and the fermentation temperature.
6. The method for preparing high-efficiency dry biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the specific process for generating the fermentation qualified signal is as follows:
s201, calculating initial bacterial quantity Q0 of the biological bacterial body according to the addition quantity of lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, trichoderma and nattokinase and the weight of the mixture before the fermentation of the fermentation material starts: Wherein m1, m2, m3 and m4 are the addition amounts of lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively, and eta 1, eta 2, eta 3 and eta 4 are the active matter contents of the lactobacillus, saccharomycete, trichoderma and nattokinase respectively;
S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation materials are obtained, the fermentation materials are equally divided into three parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermentation materials are respectively measured;
s203, calculating the biomass content Q1 of the fermented product according to a content calculation formula:
S204, calculating a biological thallus deviation value delta Q1: Δq1=q1-Q0;
S205, acquiring a biological thallus deviation threshold value Q alpha, and if delta Q1 is smaller than or equal to Q alpha, generating a fermentation qualified signal, wherein the fermentation qualified signal indicates that the biological thallus content in the fermentation product is increased according to a preset condition;
if the delta Q1 is larger than the Q alpha, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind a worker to check the fermentation parameters.
7. The method for preparing high-efficiency dried biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the specific process for determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows:
S301, when granulation is carried out, acquiring the biomass content Q1 of a fermentation product in a self-fermentation process, and respectively setting a plurality of group processing environments according to parameter gears of a granulator, wherein the group processing environments comprise a first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4;
S302, granulating the fermented product in a plurality of group processing environments to obtain processed wet feed particles, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, the reducing sugar content g and the carbon content Cf of the fermented product again to obtain the corresponding biological thallus contents Qm1, qm2, qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed particles in the processing environments;
S303, calculating a theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma between the biological thallus content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles: Δqγ=q2-Qmi, i=1, 2, 3, 4;
S304, comparing and selecting the smallest theoretical deviation value delta Q gamma, wherein the processing temperature and the processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters.
8. The method for preparing high-efficiency dry biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the specific process for generating the granulation qualified signal is as follows:
s401, after the preset fermentation time is finished after granulation, obtaining a certain amount of wet feed particles, dividing the wet feed particles into three parts, respectively measuring the amino nitrogen content, the reducing sugar content and the carbon content of the wet feed particles, and calculating the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles according to a content calculation formula;
s402, acquiring the preset biological thallus content Q2 of the wet feed particles, and calculating a thallus content damage deviation value delta Q2 in the granulating process: Δq2=q3-Q2;
S403, acquiring a cell content damage deviation threshold Q beta, and generating a granulation qualified signal if delta Q2 is smaller than or equal to Q beta;
if Δq2 is greater than qβ, a parameter approval signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to alert the staff to check the pelleting parameters.
9. The method for preparing high-efficiency dried biological feed according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows:
s501, acquiring the actual biological thallus content Q3 of the wet feed particles and the initial humidity of the wet feed particles in the self-granulating process before drying;
S502, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the initial humidity of the wet feed particles as an origin, taking humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve;
S503, taking the biological thallus content Q3 in the wet feed particles as an ordinate, taking the environmental temperature data as an origin, taking the stable humidity data as an abscissa, and establishing a temperature influence coordinate system to obtain a temperature change curve;
s504, acquiring the preset dry feed pellet biological thallus content Q4, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain an overlapped coordinate system, and taking the biological thallus content Q4 value as a judging reference line on the overlapped coordinate system to obtain the intersection point of the judging reference line, the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve;
S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the cross points, namely drying temperature and drying humidity.
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