CN118318924A - A method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency and drying - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing an efficient and dry biological feed, which relates to the technical field of biological feed processing, and comprises the following steps: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a preset ratio and performing pretreatment, mixing the raw material components uniformly and then feeding them into a fermentation tank for fermentation to obtain fermented material, drying the fermented material and then feeding them into a granulator to obtain wet feed particles, feeding the wet feed particles into a fluidized bed dryer for drying to obtain dry feed particles, and weighing and packing the dry feed particles; the invention uses the biological cell content of the product in the processing process as a judgment standard, accurately analyzes and obtains theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes, and can judge production errors according to changes in the biological cell content of the product in the processing process, timely adjust mechanical parameters in each processing process, and ensure the processing efficiency, so that the biological cell content in the final biological feed product meets the standard, thereby ensuring the nutritional value of the feed.

Description

A method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency and drying

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed processing, and in particular to a method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency and drying.

Background technique

Straw briquette feed and bio-straw protein feed are mainstream worldwide, and my country has unparalleled resource potential for straw development. my country's agricultural straw, corn stalks, rice stalks, wheat straw, rapeseed stalks, peanut grass, sweet potato vines, etc. produce more than 700 million tons each year, providing a solid material foundation for the development of my country's non-grain breeding and animal husbandry.

However, crop straw has a high crude fiber content, which is difficult for animals to digest and absorb. It has few available nutrients and poor palatability. It is classified as roughage in feed taxonomy and is difficult to produce economic benefits. Straw biofeed technology can convert roughage with low utilization rate into concentrated feed with high utilization rate, and use special engineered bacteria to degrade the crude fiber contained in it into small molecules such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids, etc. that are easy for animals to digest and absorb, thereby improving the digestion and absorption rate of feed. At the same time, in the process of straw biological treatment, a large amount of nutritious microbial cell protein and other useful metabolites such as organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, vitamins, antibiotics, trace elements, etc. are also produced and accumulated, making the feed softer and more fragrant, and increasing nutrition. It also contains a variety of digestive enzymes and a variety of unknown growth-promoting factors, which can enhance the disease resistance of animals and stimulate their growth and development. Some metabolites also have a preservative effect on feed (such as lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, etc.), which can extend the shelf life of feed.

However, in the existing biological feed processing process, the temperature control and time control of the fermentation process are not accurate enough, which may cause the content of microorganisms after fermentation to fail to meet the standard. In addition, the fermented material after fermentation needs to be dried and granulated. The drying process may further reduce the content of microorganisms and affect the nutritional value of the biological feed.

In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to accurately analyze and obtain theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes by taking the biological cell content of the product in the processing process as a judgment standard.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for preparing a biological feed with high efficiency and drying, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, preparing raw materials: weighing and proportioning the raw materials according to a preset ratio and pre-treating the raw materials, wherein the raw materials include biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and bacterial strains, wherein the bacterial strains include 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of yeast, 0.5-1 parts of Trichoderma and 0.5-1 parts of nattokinase;

Step 2, mixed fermentation: After the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added thereto and mixed evenly by a mixer to obtain a mixture, and then lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixture and continued to be mixed evenly by a mixer, and then introduced into a fermentation tank to ensure that the temperature is constant and sealed for fermentation to obtain a fermented material;

Step 3: Granulation: After fermentation is completed, the fermented material is dehydrated and dried, and then sent to a granulator for granulation through mechanical extrusion and friction. The temperature and humidity in the granulator are controlled to form uniform wet feed pellets with a certain mechanical strength.

Step 4: Efficient drying: The wet feed particles are sent into the fluidized bed dryer for drying. The parameters are adjusted through the control panel so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in the high-temperature and high-humidity airflow. After the moisture content is reduced to an appropriate level, the feed particles are cooled by the cooler to obtain dry feed particles.

Step 5: Packaging and shipment: Weigh the dry feed pellets quantitatively and seal them in plastic bags.

In step 2, the fermentation humidity and temperature during the fermentation process are determined according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological cell content of the fermented product, and the actual biological cell content of the fermented product is judged through the control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal for the next processing step;

After obtaining the fermentation qualified signal in step 3, granulation begins. During the granulation process, the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the wet feed pellets. The actual biological cell content of the wet feed pellets is judged again to generate a granulation qualified signal for the next processing step.

After obtaining the qualified granulation signal in step 4, drying begins. During the drying process, the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the dry feed particles.

Furthermore, the biomass base material includes 35-55 parts of straw, 13-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-18 parts of distiller's grains and 23-35 parts of pomace.

Furthermore, the theoretical biological cell content of the fermentation product includes the bacterial number indicator a, the spore number indicator b and the viable cell number indicator c. The theoretical biological cell content Q of the fermentation product is calculated according to the normalized formula: Among them, e1, e2, and e3 are all preset proportional coefficients, and e1>e2>e3.

Bacterial count indicator a means that the total number of bacteria per gram shall not be less than 2.0×10^9 CFU/g;

The viable bacteria count indicator b means that the total number of viable bacteria per gram shall not be less than 1.0×10^9 CFU/g;

The spore count indicator c means that each gram shall not contain more than 1.0×10^6 CFU/g of heat-resistant spores.

Further, the control panel includes a parameter recording unit, a parameter selecting unit, a parameter adjusting unit and a calibration unit;

The parameter recording unit is used to record the processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, the processing parameters including fermentation parameters, i.e., fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, i.e., processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, i.e., drying temperature and drying humidity;

The parameter selection unit is used to classify and mark different types of biological feeds, display the classification marks for operators to select, and send the selection results to the parameter adjustment unit;

The parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches for the corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the type of biological feed represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermenter, granulator and fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters;

The calibration unit is used to obtain a parameter calibration signal, and trace the parameter process according to the parameter calibration signal to perform parameter calibration.

Furthermore, the specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature during the fermentation process is as follows:

S101, respectively obtaining the optimum fermentation temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, sorting T1, T2, T3 and T4 in sequence, obtaining the maximum temperature Tmax and the minimum temperature Tmin, and knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin, Tmax), obtaining the biological cell content change data in the mixture as the fermentation temperature rises within the fermentation temperature range, and calculating the temperature efficiency value;

S102, obtaining the initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as the basic value, obtaining the data of the change of the biological cell content in the mixture as the humidity value increases, and calculating the humidity efficiency value;

S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into training samples, and dividing the training samples into a training set, a validation set, and a test set in a ratio of 8:1:1, so as to initialize the convolutional neural network as the input data of the convolutional neural network, obtain an efficiency model based on the convolutional neural network training, and use the test set to evaluate the model effect

S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the biological cell content of the fermented product reaching Q1 as the termination signal, outputting the shortest fermentation time, and the humidity data and temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature.

Furthermore, the specific process of generating a fermentation qualified signal is as follows:

S201. Before the fermentation of the fermented material begins, the initial bacterial amount Q0 of the biological cells is calculated according to the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, and the weight of the mixture: Where m1, m2, m3, and m4 are the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively; η1, η2, η3, and η4 are the active substance contents of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively;

S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation material is obtained, and the fermentation material is divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermentation material are respectively determined;

The determination process of the amino nitrogen content is as follows: pre-treat the fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquid, take the supernatant, add methyl red and hydrochloric acid as indicators, add 0.02N NaOH to adjust the color until the color just fades, add 18% neutral formaldehyde as a substrate, react for a few moments, add 0.02N to change the color, and calculate the amino nitrogen content according to the amount of NaOH used;

The carbon content was determined by mixing an appropriate amount of fermentation material directly into 1 ml of inorganic buffer, heating it with 2 ml of 2% K2Cr2O7 solution at 100 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling it, and then diluting it to 5 ml with water. The absorbance value was read at a wavelength of 580 nm to calculate the carbon content.

The process of determining the reducing sugar content is as follows: pre-treating the fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation broth, adding a copper sulfate solution, reducing the copper salt to cuprous oxide by the reducing sugar in the centrifugal fermentation broth, and determining the content of cuprous oxide by titration with a potassium permanganate solution, thereby calculating the amount of reducing sugar;

S203, calculate the biological cell content Q1 of the fermentation product according to the content calculation formula:

S204, calculating the biological cell deviation value ΔQ1: ΔQ1 = Q1-Q0;

S205, obtaining a biological cell deviation threshold Qα, and if ΔQ1 is less than or equal to Qα, generating a fermentation qualified signal, indicating that the biological cell content in the fermentation product increases according to a preset condition;

If ΔQ1 is greater than Qα, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the fermentation parameters.

Furthermore, the specific process of determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows:

S301, during granulation, the biological cell content Q1 of the fermented product is obtained during the fermentation process, and several processing environments are set according to the parameter gear of the granulator, including the first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; the second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; the third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; the fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4;

S302, granulating the fermented material under several processing environments respectively to obtain processed wet feed pellets, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermented material again to obtain the biological cell contents Qm1, Qm2, Qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed pellets corresponding to the processing environment;

S303, calculating the theoretical deviation value ΔQγ between the biological cell content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological cell content Q2 in the wet feed particles: ΔQγ＝Q2－Qmi, i＝1, 2, 3, 4;

S304, comparing and selecting the minimum theoretical deviation value ΔQγ, the processing temperature and processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters.

Furthermore, the specific process of generating a granulation qualified signal is as follows:

S401, after the granulation is completed and the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of wet feed pellets are obtained, and the wet feed pellets are divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content, reducing sugar content and carbon content of the wet feed pellets are respectively determined, and the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets is calculated again according to the content calculation formula;

S402, obtaining a preset biological cell content Q2 of the wet feed pellets, and calculating a cell content damage deviation value ΔQ2 during the pelleting process: ΔQ2 = Q3-Q2;

S403, obtaining a bacterial content damage deviation threshold Qβ, and if ΔQ2 is less than or equal to Qβ, generating a granulation qualified signal;

If ΔQ2 is greater than Qβ, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the granulation parameters.

Furthermore, the specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows:

S501, before drying, obtaining the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets and the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets during the granulation process;

S502, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets as the origin, and the humidity data as the abscissa to establish a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve;

S503, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the ambient temperature data as the origin, and the stable humidity data as the abscissa, a temperature influence coordinate system is established to obtain a temperature change curve;

S504, obtaining the preset biological cell content Q4 of the dry feed particles, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain the overlapped coordinate system, using the biological cell content Q4 value as the judgment baseline on the overlapped coordinate system, and obtaining the intersection of the judgment baseline and the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve;

S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the intersection point, namely, drying temperature and drying humidity.

In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention uses the biological cell content of the product during the processing as a judgment standard, accurately analyzes and obtains theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes, and can judge production errors according to changes in the biological cell content of the product during the processing, and timely adjust mechanical parameters in each processing process. Under the premise of ensuring processing efficiency, the biological cell content in the final biological feed product meets the standard, thereby ensuring the nutritional value of the feed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 shows a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the control system structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Example:

As shown in Figure 1-2, a method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed includes the following steps:

Step 1, prepare raw materials: weigh and proportion the raw materials according to a preset ratio and pre-treat them, the raw materials include biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and strains, wherein the strains include 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of yeast, 0.5-1 parts of Trichoderma and 0.5-1 parts of nattokinase;

The biomass base material includes 35-55 parts of straw, 13-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-18 parts of distiller's grains and 23-35 parts of pomace.

Step 2, mixed fermentation: After the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added thereto and mixed evenly by a mixer to obtain a mixture, and then lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixture and continued to be mixed evenly by a mixer, and then introduced into a fermentation tank to ensure that the temperature is constant and sealed for fermentation to obtain a fermented material;

Step 3: Granulation: After fermentation is completed, the fermented material is dehydrated and dried, and then sent to a granulator for granulation through mechanical extrusion and friction. The temperature and humidity in the granulator are controlled to form uniform wet feed pellets with a certain mechanical strength.

Step 4: Efficient drying: The wet feed particles are sent into the fluidized bed dryer for drying. The parameters are adjusted through the control panel so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in the high-temperature and high-humidity airflow. After the moisture content is reduced to an appropriate level, the feed particles are cooled by the cooler to obtain dry feed particles.

Step 5: Packaging and shipment: Weigh the dry feed pellets quantitatively and seal them in plastic bags.

In step 2, the fermentation humidity and temperature during the fermentation process are determined according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological cell content of the fermented product, and the actual biological cell content of the fermented product is judged through the control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal for the next processing step;

The theoretical biological cell content of the fermentation product includes the bacterial number indicator a, the spore number indicator b and the viable cell number indicator c. The theoretical biological cell content Q of the fermentation product is calculated according to the normalized formula: Among them, e1, e2, and e3 are all preset proportional coefficients, and e1>e2>e3.

Bacterial count indicator a means that the total number of bacteria per gram shall not be less than 2.0×10^9 CFU/g;

The viable bacteria count indicator b means that the total number of viable bacteria per gram shall not be less than 1.0×10^9 CFU/g;

The spore count indicator c means that each gram shall not contain more than 1.0×10^6 CFU/g of heat-resistant spores.

The specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature during the fermentation process is as follows:

S101, respectively obtaining the optimum fermentation temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, sorting T1, T2, T3 and T4 in sequence, obtaining the maximum temperature Tmax and the minimum temperature Tmin, and knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin, Tmax), obtaining the biological cell content change data in the mixture as the fermentation temperature rises within the fermentation temperature range, and calculating the temperature efficiency value;

S102, obtaining the initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as the basic value, obtaining the data of the change of the biological cell content in the mixture as the humidity value increases, and calculating the humidity efficiency value;

S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into training samples, and dividing the training samples into a training set, a validation set, and a test set in a ratio of 8:1:1, so as to initialize the convolutional neural network as the input data of the convolutional neural network, obtain an efficiency model based on the convolutional neural network training, and use the test set to evaluate the model effect

S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the biological cell content of the fermented product reaching Q1 as the termination signal, outputting the shortest fermentation time, and the humidity data and temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature.

The specific process of generating a fermentation qualified signal is as follows:

S201. Before the fermentation of the fermented material begins, the initial bacterial amount Q0 of the biological cells is calculated according to the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, and the weight of the mixture: Where m1, m2, m3, and m4 are the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively; η1, η2, η3, and η4 are the active substance contents of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively;

S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation material is obtained, and the fermentation material is divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermentation material are respectively determined;

The determination process of the amino nitrogen content is as follows: pre-treat the fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation liquid, take the supernatant, add methyl red and hydrochloric acid as indicators, add 0.02N NaOH to adjust the color until the color just fades, add 18% neutral formaldehyde as a substrate, react for a few moments, add 0.02N to change the color, and calculate the amino nitrogen content according to the amount of NaOH used;

The carbon content was determined by mixing an appropriate amount of fermentation material directly into 1 ml of inorganic buffer, heating it with 2 ml of 2% K2Cr2O7 solution at 100 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes, cooling it, and then diluting it to 5 ml with water. The absorbance value was read at a wavelength of 580 nm to calculate the carbon content.

The process of determining the reducing sugar content is as follows: pre-treating the fermentation material to obtain a centrifugal fermentation broth, adding a copper sulfate solution, reducing the copper salt to cuprous oxide by the reducing sugar in the centrifugal fermentation broth, and determining the content of cuprous oxide by titration with a potassium permanganate solution, thereby calculating the amount of reducing sugar;

S203, calculate the biological cell content Q1 of the fermentation product according to the content calculation formula:

S204, calculating the biological cell deviation value ΔQ1: ΔQ1 = Q1-Q0;

S205, obtaining a biological cell deviation threshold Qα, and if ΔQ1 is less than or equal to Qα, generating a fermentation qualified signal, indicating that the biological cell content in the fermentation product increases according to a preset condition;

If ΔQ1 is greater than Qα, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the fermentation parameters.

After obtaining the fermentation qualified signal in step 3, granulation begins. During the granulation process, the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the wet feed pellets. The actual biological cell content of the wet feed pellets is judged again to generate a granulation qualified signal for the next processing step.

The specific process of determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows:

S301, during granulation, the biological cell content Q1 of the fermented product is obtained during the fermentation process, and several processing environments are set according to the parameter gear of the granulator, including the first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; the second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; the third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; the fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4;

S302, granulating the fermented material under several processing environments respectively to obtain processed wet feed pellets, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermented material again to obtain the biological cell contents Qm1, Qm2, Qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed pellets corresponding to the processing environment;

S303, calculating the theoretical deviation value ΔQγ between the biological cell content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological cell content Q2 in the wet feed particles: ΔQγ＝Q2－Qmi, i＝1, 2, 3, 4;

S304 , comparing and selecting the minimum theoretical deviation value ΔQγ, the processing temperature and processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters.

The specific process of generating a qualified granulation signal is as follows:

S401, after the granulation is completed and the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of wet feed pellets are obtained, and the wet feed pellets are divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content, reducing sugar content and carbon content of the wet feed pellets are respectively determined, and the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets is calculated again according to the content calculation formula;

S402, obtaining a preset biological cell content Q2 of the wet feed pellets, and calculating a cell content damage deviation value ΔQ2 during the pelleting process: ΔQ2 = Q3-Q2;

S403, obtaining a bacterial content damage deviation threshold Qβ, and if ΔQ2 is less than or equal to Qβ, generating a granulation qualified signal;

If ΔQ2 is greater than Qβ, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the granulation parameters.

After obtaining the qualified granulation signal in step 4, drying begins. During the drying process, the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the dry feed particles.

The specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows:

S501, before drying, obtaining the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets and the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets during the granulation process;

S502, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets as the origin, and the humidity data as the abscissa to establish a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve;

S503, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the ambient temperature data as the origin, and the stable humidity data as the abscissa, a temperature influence coordinate system is established to obtain a temperature change curve;

S504, obtaining the preset biological cell content Q4 of the dry feed particles, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain the overlapped coordinate system, using the biological cell content Q4 value as the judgment baseline on the overlapped coordinate system, and obtaining the intersection of the judgment baseline and the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve;

S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the intersection point, namely, drying temperature and drying humidity.

The control panel includes a parameter recording unit, a parameter selection unit, a parameter adjustment unit and a calibration unit;

The parameter recording unit is used to record the processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, including fermentation parameters, namely fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, namely processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, namely drying temperature and drying humidity;

The parameter selection unit is used to classify and mark different types of biological feeds, display the classification marks for operators to select, and send the selection results to the parameter adjustment unit;

The parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches for the corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the type of biological feed represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermenter, granulator and fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters;

The calibration unit is used to obtain a parameter calibration signal, and trace the parameter process according to the parameter calibration signal to perform parameter calibration.

The present invention uses the biological cell content of the product during the processing as a judgment standard, accurately analyzes and obtains theoretical parameters in the fermentation, granulation and drying processes, and can judge production errors according to changes in the biological cell content of the product during the processing, and timely adjust mechanical parameters in each processing process. Under the premise of ensuring processing efficiency, the biological cell content in the final biological feed product meets the standard, thereby ensuring the nutritional value of the feed.

The size of the interval and threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technical personnel in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation to obtain the most recent real situation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system can be implemented in other ways; for example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed; another point, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms;

The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step 1, preparing raw materials: weighing and proportioning the raw materials according to a preset ratio and pre-treating the raw materials, wherein the raw materials include biomass base materials, mixed vitamins and bacterial strains, wherein the bacterial strains include 1-2 parts of lactic acid bacteria, 1-2 parts of yeast, 0.5-1 parts of Trichoderma and 0.5-1 parts of nattokinase; Step 2, mixed fermentation: After the biomass base material is crushed, mixed vitamins are added thereto and mixed evenly by a mixer to obtain a mixture, and then lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase are inoculated into the mixture and continued to be mixed evenly by a mixer, and then introduced into a fermentation tank to ensure that the temperature is constant and sealed for fermentation to obtain a fermented material; Step 3: Granulation: After fermentation is completed, the fermented material is dehydrated and dried, and then sent to a granulator for granulation through mechanical extrusion and friction. The temperature and humidity in the granulator are controlled to form uniform wet feed pellets with a certain mechanical strength. Step 4: Efficient drying: The wet feed particles are sent into the fluidized bed dryer for drying. The parameters are adjusted through the control panel so that the wet feed particles are quickly dried in the high-temperature and high-humidity airflow. After the moisture content is reduced to an appropriate level, the feed particles are cooled by the cooler to obtain dry feed particles. Step 5: Packaging and shipment: Weigh the dry feed pellets quantitatively and seal them in plastic bags. In step 2, the fermentation humidity and temperature during the fermentation process are determined according to the optimal fermentation efficiency of the strain and the theoretical biological cell content of the fermented product, and the actual biological cell content of the fermented product is judged through the control panel to generate a fermentation qualified signal for the next processing step; After obtaining the fermentation qualified signal in step 3, granulation begins. During the granulation process, the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the wet feed pellets. The actual biological cell content of the wet feed pellets is judged again to generate a granulation qualified signal for the next processing step. After obtaining the qualified granulation signal in step 4, drying begins. During the drying process, the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer are determined based on the preset biological cell content of the dry feed particles. 2. The method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that the biomass base material includes 35-55 parts of straw, 13-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-18 parts of distiller's grains and 23-35 parts of pomace. 3. The method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the theoretical biological cell content of the fermented product includes a bacterial number indicator a, a spore number indicator b and a live cell number indicator c, and the theoretical biological cell content Q of the fermented product is calculated according to a normalized formula: Among them, e1, e2, and e3 are all preset proportional coefficients, and e1>e2>e3. 4. The method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency and drying according to claim 1, characterized in that the control panel comprises a parameter recording unit, a parameter selecting unit, a parameter adjusting unit and a calibration unit; The parameter recording unit is used to record the processing parameters of different types of biological feeds, the processing parameters including fermentation parameters, i.e., fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature, granulation parameters, i.e., processing temperature and processing humidity, and drying parameters, i.e., drying temperature and drying humidity; The parameter selection unit is used to classify and mark different types of biological feeds, display the classification marks for operators to select, and send the selection results to the parameter adjustment unit; The parameter adjustment module obtains and processes the selected result, searches for the corresponding processing parameters in the parameter recording unit according to the type of biological feed represented by the selected result, and adjusts the mechanical parameters of the fermenter, granulator and fluidized bed dryer according to the processing parameters; The calibration unit is used to obtain a parameter calibration signal, and trace the parameter process according to the parameter calibration signal to perform parameter calibration. 5. The method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of determining the fermentation humidity and the fermentation temperature during the fermentation process is as follows: S101, respectively obtaining the optimum fermentation temperatures T1, T2, T3 and T4 of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, sorting T1, T2, T3 and T4 in sequence, obtaining the maximum temperature Tmax and the minimum temperature Tmin, and knowing that the fermentation temperature range is (Tmin, Tmax), obtaining the biological cell content change data in the mixture as the fermentation temperature rises within the fermentation temperature range, and calculating the temperature efficiency value; S102, obtaining the initial humidity value RH0 of the mixture, taking the initial humidity value RH0 as the basic value, obtaining the data of the change of the biological cell content in the mixture as the humidity value increases, and calculating the humidity efficiency value; S103, integrating the temperature efficiency value and the humidity efficiency value into training samples, and dividing the training samples into a training set, a validation set, and a test set in a ratio of 8:1:1, so as to initialize the convolutional neural network as the input data of the convolutional neural network, obtain an efficiency model based on the convolutional neural network training, and use the test set to evaluate the model effect S104, obtaining the initial weight MO of the mixture, taking the biological cell content of the fermented product reaching Q1 as the termination signal, outputting the shortest fermentation time, and the humidity data and temperature data under the shortest fermentation time are the fermentation humidity and fermentation temperature. 6. The method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of generating a fermentation qualified signal is as follows: S201. Before the fermentation of the fermented material begins, the initial bacterial amount Q0 of the biological cells is calculated according to the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma and nattokinase, and the weight of the mixture: Where m1, m2, m3, and m4 are the added amounts of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively; η1, η2, η3, and η4 are the active substance contents of lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Trichoderma, and nattokinase, respectively; S202, after the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of fermentation material is obtained, and the fermentation material is divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermentation material are respectively determined; S203, calculate the biological cell content Q1 of the fermentation product according to the content calculation formula: S204, calculating the biological cell deviation value ΔQ1: ΔQ1 = Q1-Q0; S205, obtaining a biological cell deviation threshold Qα, and if ΔQ1 is less than or equal to Qα, generating a fermentation qualified signal, indicating that the biological cell content in the fermentation product increases according to a preset condition; If ΔQ1 is greater than Qα, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the fermentation parameters. 7. The method for preparing an efficient dry biological feed according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of determining the processing temperature and processing humidity of the granulator is as follows: S301, during granulation, the biological cell content Q1 of the fermented product is obtained during the fermentation process, and several processing environments are set according to the parameter gear of the granulator, including the first processing environment: temperature Tm1 and humidity RH1; the second processing environment: temperature Tm2 and humidity RH2; the third processing environment: temperature Tm3 and humidity RH3; the fourth processing environment: temperature Tm4 and humidity RH4; S302, granulating the fermented material under several processing environments respectively to obtain processed wet feed pellets, and measuring the amino nitrogen content Rd, reducing sugar content g and carbon content Cf of the fermented material again to obtain the biological cell contents Qm1, Qm2, Qm3 and Qm4 in the dry feed pellets corresponding to the processing environment; S303, calculating the theoretical deviation value ΔQγ between the biological cell content Qmi in the dry feed particles and the preset biological cell content Q2 in the wet feed particles: ΔQγ＝Q2－Qmi, i＝1, 2, 3, 4; S304, comparing and selecting the minimum theoretical deviation value ΔQγ, the processing temperature and processing humidity set in the corresponding processing environment are the granulation parameters. 8. The method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency and drying according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of generating the granulation qualified signal is as follows: S401, after the granulation is completed and the preset fermentation time is over, a certain amount of wet feed pellets are obtained, and the wet feed pellets are divided into three equal parts, and the amino nitrogen content, reducing sugar content and carbon content of the wet feed pellets are respectively determined, and the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets is calculated again according to the content calculation formula; S402, obtaining a preset biological cell content Q2 of the wet feed pellets, and calculating a cell content damage deviation value ΔQ2 during the pelleting process: ΔQ2 = Q3-Q2; S403, obtaining a bacterial content damage deviation threshold Qβ, and if ΔQ2 is less than or equal to Qβ, generating a granulation qualified signal; If ΔQ2 is greater than Qβ, a parameter verification signal is generated and sent to the calibration unit to remind the staff to check the granulation parameters. 9. The method for preparing biological feed with high efficiency drying according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific process of determining the drying temperature and drying humidity of the fluidized bed dryer is as follows: S501, before drying, obtaining the actual biological cell content Q3 of the wet feed pellets and the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets during the granulation process; S502, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the initial humidity of the wet feed pellets as the origin, and the humidity data as the abscissa to establish a humidity influence coordinate system to obtain a humidity change curve; S503, using the biological cell content Q3 in the wet feed pellets as the ordinate, the ambient temperature data as the origin, and the stable humidity data as the abscissa, a temperature influence coordinate system is established to obtain a temperature change curve; S504, obtaining the preset biological cell content Q4 of the dry feed particles, overlapping the humidity influence coordinate system and the temperature influence coordinate system to obtain the overlapped coordinate system, using the biological cell content Q4 value as the judgment baseline on the overlapped coordinate system, and obtaining the intersection of the judgment baseline and the humidity change curve and the temperature change curve; S505, obtaining temperature data and humidity data corresponding to the intersection point, namely, drying temperature and drying humidity.