CN118293864A - Method for statically or dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of standard sample rod - Google Patents
Method for statically or dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of standard sample rod Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of standard sample rod detection, and discloses a method for statically or dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard sample rod. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of a first coordinate detection module and a second coordinate detection module; acquiring the center point coordinates of the axis of the standard sample rod interval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to coordinates of midpoints of the plurality of axes; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod; acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle. The invention can realize the on-site, rapid and high-precision detection of the straightness and the verticality of the standard sample rod.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of standard sample rod detection, in particular to a method for detecting geometrical characteristic parameters of a standard sample rod in a static or dynamic mode.
Background
The second-level light air cannon is one of the most main loading devices for experimental study of high-pressure physical properties of materials, and generally drives a flyer to a speed of several km/s to tens of km/s, so that the flyer planar impacts a substrate or a sample to generate strong shock waves, the sample enters a high-temperature and high-pressure thermal equilibrium state, and experimental diagnosis and measurement of the high-pressure physical properties of the materials are realized.
The gun barrel can effectively control and restrict the flight attitude of the flying piece, and ensure that the impact surface of the flying piece is vertical to the gun barrel. In order to ensure that the one-dimensional plane shock wave assumption is true, the axis of the gun barrel and the striking face need to be adjusted to be in a vertical state. Because the gun barrel is a hollow cylindrical cavity, the axis of the gun barrel is represented by the axis of a high-precision long cylindrical sample rod tightly matched with the gun barrel, the end face of the sample rod is processed into a plane vertical to the axis, in actual operation, the fly sheet is vertical to the target collision surface only by ensuring that the target collision surface coincides with the end face of the standard sample rod, material impact compression experimental data under the condition of one-dimensional plane impact waves is obtained, and the physical rule of high-pressure physical properties of the material is obtained. In the above discussion, whether the geometric characteristic parameters of the standard sample rod meet the design index is very important for the establishment of the one-dimensional plane shock wave assumption.
The diameter of the standard sample rod is generally between 20mm and 35mm and the length is between 500mm and 1700mm according to the difference of the inner diameters of the gun barrels. In general, the most critical of the standard bars is the straightness of the axis and the perpendicularity of the axis and the end face, and in practical measurement, the above two geometric feature quantities are converted into a straight line equation and a plane equation of the end face, wherein the straight line equation and the plane equation are formed by a plurality of points on the axis at different positions of the standard bars. The center coordinates and the end plane equation at different positions of the sample rod can be obtained through three-coordinate measurement. However, if the sample rod is too long and exceeds the three-coordinate measuring range, the straightness of the sample rod cannot be measured. In addition, the three coordinates are required to be operated by a professional, the measurement environment condition is demanding, and the method is not suitable for detecting the on-site sample rod. The straightness (surface straightness) of one bus on the surface of the sample rod is detected by adopting a light gap method, a surface marking method, a pitch method and the like, the straightness (surface straightness) of one bus cannot represent the real axis of the sample rod, the perpendicularity of the end face of the sample rod and the axis cannot be measured at the same time, the detection is completed in an auxiliary way by other methods, and the detection complexity is increased. Other non-contact methods, such as a triangle method, a structured light method, a binocular vision method and the like, have insufficient detection precision (more than 30 um), and can not meet the detection requirements of the straightness of the axis of the sample rod with large length-diameter ratio and the perpendicularity of the axis and the end face.
In view of this, the present application has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for statically or dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard sample rod, which solves the problems of insufficient measuring range, insufficient precision, and incapability of simultaneously detecting straightness and end face verticality in the detection of the sample rod with large length-diameter ratio.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, a method for statically detecting geometric feature parameters of a standard rod is provided, wherein the geometric feature parameters comprise: the straightness of the axis of the standard sample rod and the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod. The method comprises the following steps: arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the standard sample rod; arranging a second coordinate detection module at the end face close to the standard sample rod; S1-S3 is executed on the standard sample rod interval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, and coordinates of a plurality of axial midpoints are obtained; acquiring a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to coordinates of midpoints of the plurality of axes; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod; wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the section of the standard sample rod; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the standard sample rod interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: acquiring the coordinate of the midpoint of the axis by using a first detection module; acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle.
In a second aspect, there is provided a method of dynamically detecting geometric feature parameters of a standard rod, the geometric feature parameters comprising: the straightness of the axis of the standard sample rod and the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a detection section on the standard sample rod, and arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the detection section; arranging a second coordinate detection module at the end face close to the detection section; performing a first detection under a first coordinate system, comprising: step A1: S1-S3 is executed on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, and a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates are obtained; wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the subinterval section; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the detection interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: acquiring an axis midpoint coordinate by using a first detection module; performing a second detection under a second coordinate system, comprising: step B1: moving the standard sample rod along the length direction; in the moving process, S1-S3 is executed on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, so that a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates are obtained; step B2: converting the midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes in the first coordinate system into midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes in the second coordinate system to obtain midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes of the standard sample rod; step B3: obtaining a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to the point coordinates of the plurality of axes of the standard sample rod; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod; step B4: acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle.
Further, the plurality of first coordinate detection modules are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of first coordinate detection units which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection unit comprises a plurality of first measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the incident direction of each first measuring head is perpendicular to the tangent plane of the corresponding intersection point; the intersection point is a projection point of the first measuring head on the side surface of the standard sample rod; the second coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of second measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the vertical incidence direction of each second measuring head is perpendicular to the end face of the standard sample rod.
Further, S3 includes: s31: measuring the distance from each first measuring head in the first coordinate detection module to the corresponding intersection point to obtain a plurality of distance measurement results; s32: acquiring coordinates of intersection points corresponding to each measuring head according to the ray parameters of each measuring head and the ranging result of each measuring head, and acquiring coordinates of a plurality of intersection points; s33: substituting the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points into a cylindrical curved surface equation, and calculating to obtain the radius of the standard sample rod; s34: and obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the axis according to the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points and the radius of the standard sample rod.
Further, the fitting end face of the standard sample rod is obtained according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points, and the method comprises the following steps: substituting the coordinates of a plurality of detection points into a plane equation, and adopting a least square method to perform fitting calculation to obtain a fitting end face of the standard sample rod.
Further, obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle, comprising the following steps: respectively marking two points with the farthest distance on the intersection line of the fitting end surface and the side surface as a first intersection point and a second intersection point; calculating the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle between the fitting axis and the fitting end face and the diameter of the standard sample rod; the perpendicularity is a distance component of a distance between the first intersection point and the second intersection point in the length direction of the standard sample rod.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects: and calibrating the parameters of the measuring head ray equation by adopting a multi-measuring-point distribution layout to realize the coordinate of one-dimensional distance measurement, and then carrying out fitting calculation on the corresponding part of the sample rod according to the measuring head, so as to obtain the geometric characteristic parameters of the sample rod to be measured. The invention can realize the simultaneous detection of the straightness of the axis and the perpendicularity of the axis and the end face of the standard sample rod of the secondary light gas gun, is not limited by the length and the size of the sample rod, can realize the on-site, rapid and high-precision detection of the geometric characteristic parameters of the sample rod, and provides a detection technology and a data support for ensuring the physical property experimental study of the high-pressure material based on the secondary light gas gun.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the examples will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some examples of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic distribution diagram of a first coordinate detection module and a second coordinate detection module in a static detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a principle of verticality measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic detection process according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second detection performed in the dynamic detection process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Examples
Aiming at the problems that the measuring range is insufficient, the accuracy is insufficient, the straightness and the end face perpendicularity cannot be detected simultaneously in the detection of the sample rod with the large length-diameter ratio, the first aspect of the embodiment provides a method for statically detecting the geometric characteristic parameters of the standard sample rod, and the on-site, rapid and high-accuracy detection of the straightness of the axis of the standard sample rod and the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod is realized based on a frequency domain ranging method.
The method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the standard sample rod; a second coordinate detection module is disposed near the end face of the standard rod.
A first coordinate detection module is arranged around the sample rod in the length direction of the standard sample rod and is used for detecting coordinates of points at different positions in the axis direction; and a second coordinate detection module is arranged at the end face of the standard sample rod and is used for detecting the planeness of the end face of the standard sample rod.
The first coordinate detection modules are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of first coordinate detection units which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection unit comprises a plurality of first measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the incident direction of each first measuring head is perpendicular to the tangent plane of the corresponding intersection point; the intersection point between the incident direction of the first probe and the corresponding point is a projection point of the first probe on the side surface of the standard bar. As shown in fig. 1, 14 annular first coordinate detection modules are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod, 3 annular first coordinate detection units are arranged in each coordinate detection module at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod, each first coordinate detection unit comprises 5 first measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis (namely, the annular direction) of the standard sample rod, and the incident direction of each first measuring head is perpendicular to the tangent plane of the corresponding intersection point. The intersection point refers to a projection point of the first measuring head on the side surface of the standard rod.
Referring also to fig. 1, the second coordinate detecting module includes 4 second measuring heads arranged at intervals around the axis (i.e., circumferential direction) of the standard rod, and the perpendicular incidence direction of each second measuring head is perpendicular to the end face of the standard rod.
After the first coordinate detection module and the second coordinate detection module are not completed, the ray equation parameters (starting point coordinates and direction parameters) of all the measuring heads are required to be calibrated by combining a three-Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) to obtain the ray parameters of all the measuring heads; the calibration method is an existing method (patent application number: 202110445273.7, a multi-probe ray equation calibration device and a calibration method), and the specific acquisition method is as follows: adopting a standard cylinder with a known radius as a calibration piece, enabling a measuring head to be calibrated to be incident on the calibration piece, measuring the distance from the measuring head to the intersection point of the surface of the calibration piece by utilizing OFDI, and then measuring the surface coordinates of the calibration piece by adopting CMM to obtain a cylinder equation of the calibration piece; a series of equations are generated by changing the spatial position relation between the calibration piece and the measuring head, the coordinates of the starting point and the direction parameters of the measuring head are used as unknowns, the equations are substituted into the equations for solving, and the least square method is utilized to perform fitting calculation to obtain the ray parameters (x 0,y0,z0) and (a, b, c) of the measuring head.
Step 2: and executing S1-S3 on the standard sample rod interval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module to obtain coordinates of the midpoints of the multiple axes.
Wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the section of the standard sample rod; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the standard sample rod interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: and acquiring the coordinates of the midpoint of the axis by using a first detection module.
Further, S3 includes:
s31: and measuring the distance from each first measuring head in the first coordinate detection module to the corresponding intersection point to obtain a plurality of distance measurement results.
Specifically, the distance between each measuring head and the intersection point of the surface of the standard sample rod is measured by using a frequency domain interferometry distance meter (Optical Frequency Domain Interferometor, OFDI).
S32: and acquiring coordinates of the intersection points corresponding to each measuring head according to the ray parameters of each measuring head and the ranging result of each measuring head to obtain the coordinates of a plurality of intersection points.
Specifically, according to the OFDI ranging result r of each measuring head and calibrated ray parameters (x 0,y0,z0) and (a, b, c), the coordinate values of the intersection points of all measuring heads and the surface of the standard sample rod can be obtained by solving the simultaneous ray equation and the distance formula. Wherein the ray variance isThe distance formula isThe coordinate of the interchange is x=x 0 +r.a
y＝y0+r·b。
z＝z0+r·c
S33: substituting the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points into a cylindrical curved surface equation, and calculating to obtain the radius of the standard sample rod.
The cylindrical surface equation is
S34: and obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the axis according to the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points and the radius of the standard sample rod.
Step 3: and obtaining the fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to the coordinates of the midpoints of the axes.
And repeating the method to obtain coordinate values of a plurality of points on the axis of the whole standard sample rod, and performing 3D straight line fitting on the coordinate values of the points to obtain a fitting axis equation of the standard sample rod.
Step 4: obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; and screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod.
Straightness (straightness) means the state in which a straight line element on a part maintains an ideal straight line, which is called a degree of flatness. The straightness tolerance is the maximum allowable variation of the actual line from the ideal line. And calculating the distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting straight line, wherein the maximum distance between the obtained point and the fitting axis is the axis straightness of the standard sample rod.
Step 5: acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; and obtaining the fitting end face of the standard sample rod according to the coordinates of the detection points.
And 5, substituting the coordinates of the detection points into a plane equation, and performing fitting calculation by adopting a least square method to obtain a fitting end face of the standard sample rod.
Specifically, the perpendicularity of the end face and the sample rod is evaluated by taking the axis equation of the sample rod as a reference, the perpendicularity of the end face and the sample rod is expressed as the relative relation between a measuring element and a reference element on a part, and a correct 90-degree included angle state is maintained. With the axis of the standard sample rod as a reference, a plane equation of the end face of the sample rod needs to be determined first. According to the layout measuring head of the end face of the sample rod, three-dimensional coordinate values of a plurality of points of the end face of the sample rod can be obtained, and the three-dimensional coordinate values are substituted into the definition of any plane equation in space: and (3) ax+by+Cz+D=0, and adopting least square fitting calculation to obtain an end plane equation.
Step 6: acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle. Comprising the following steps:
As shown in fig. 2, two points farthest from the intersection line of the fitting end surface and the side surface are respectively marked as a first intersection point and a second intersection point; calculating the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle between the fitting axis and the fitting end face and the diameter of the standard sample rod; the perpendicularity is a distance component of a distance between the first intersection point and the second intersection point in the length direction of the standard sample rod.
Specifically, according to a formula defined by the included angle between the straight line and the plane, the included angle between the axis of the sample rod and the plane of the end face can be obtained: Wherein a, b and c are the direction parameters of the axis equation of the sample rod.
According to the definition of perpendicularity, when the reference is a straight line and the plane is being evaluated, perpendicularity is the distance between two planes perpendicular to the reference straight line and furthest apart, including the point on the plane being measured, i.e. t in fig. 2. Then the perpendicularity t=d·sinθ can be easily calculated from the diameter D of the sample rod and the angle between the axis of the sample rod and the end surface plane.
The method for statically detecting the geometric characteristic parameters of the standard sample rod does not introduce a motion mechanism, so that the structure is simple and the measurement is easy; the defects are that the number of the measuring heads is too large, the calibration workload of the probe is relatively large, the calibration process is also limited by the range of the three-coordinate measuring machine, the device is required to be divided into 2 sections for calibration respectively, and then the coordinate system is unified.
Based on this, the second aspect of the present embodiment provides a method for dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard rod, and the principle of the method is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4. Comprising the following steps:
Step 1: selecting a detection section on the standard sample rod, and arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the detection section; a second coordinate detection module is disposed at an end face near the detection section.
As shown in fig. 3, in the dynamic detection method, 5 first detection modules are arranged near the end of the standard rod, and 4 second detection modules are arranged at the end face.
Step2: the first detection is performed in a first coordinate system.
Comprising the following steps: step A1: S1-S3 is executed on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, and a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates are obtained; wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the subinterval section; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the detection interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: and acquiring the center point coordinates of the axis by using a first detection module.
The specific operation method of S1-S3 refers to S1-S3 in the above static detection method, and will not be described herein.
Step 3: a second detection is performed in a second coordinate system.
Comprising the following steps:
Step B1: moving the standard sample rod along the length direction; and in the moving process, executing S1-S3 on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module to obtain a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates.
In fig. 4, the coordinates of the point on the axis of each segment of the test bar are scanned by the movement of the bar in the straight direction.
Step B2: and converting the midpoint coordinates of the plurality of axes in the first coordinate system into midpoint coordinates of the plurality of axes in the second coordinate system to obtain midpoint coordinates of the plurality of axes of the standard sample rod.
The straightness of the axis of the sample rod, the perpendicularity of the axis and the end face and the distribution of the diameter of the sample rod in the axis direction can be obtained simultaneously by integrating the coordinate systems under two detection scenes through the axis equation of the common column section detected by the figures 3 and 4. The specific method for the unified transformation of the coordinates comprises the following steps:
Assuming that the coordinate system of the profiling measuring frame in fig. 3 is Oxyz, the coordinate system of the profiling measuring frame in fig. 4 is O ' x ' y ' z ', and the coordinates of points on the axis obtained by the two measuring frames at the same length are (x, y, z) and (x ', y ', z ') respectively for the common detection section of the front section of the sample rod, the following coordinate transformation relationship can be written:
Recording device The above formula is written in matrix form as:
(x, y, z) = (x ', y ', z ') a+ (x 0,y0,z0), where (x 0,y0,z0) represents the amount of translation from O ' x ' y ' z ' to Oxyz. Coordinate values of a plurality of points on the same section of axis in O 'x' y 'z' and Oxyz are respectively substituted into the formulas, a linear equation set is solved, and coordinate transformation matrixes A and (x 0,y0,z0) can be obtained, so that unification of detection coordinate value results under two different coordinate systems is realized.
After the coordinate system is unified, the straightness of the axis and the perpendicularity of the end face of the sample rod can be calculated by adopting the method.
Step B3: obtaining a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to the point coordinates of the plurality of axes of the standard sample rod; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; and screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod.
Step B4: acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle.
For the specific embodiments of step B3 and step B4, reference may be made to step4 to step 6 in the above-mentioned static detection method, and details are not repeated here.
In summary, the method for detecting the geometric characteristic parameters of the standard sample rod in a static or dynamic manner provided in this embodiment is aimed at the problems that the measuring range is insufficient, the accuracy is insufficient, the straightness and the end face verticality cannot be detected simultaneously, the measuring head ray equation parameters are calibrated through the multi-measuring-point distribution layout, the coordinates of one-dimensional distance measurement are realized, and then fitting calculation is performed on the corresponding positions of the sample rod according to the measuring head, so that the geometric characteristic parameters to be detected of the sample rod are obtained
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for statically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard sample rod, wherein the geometric characteristic parameters comprise: the straightness of the axis of the standard sample rod and the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the standard sample rod; arranging a second coordinate detection module at the end face close to the standard sample rod;
S1-S3 is executed on the standard sample rod interval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, and coordinates of a plurality of axial midpoints are obtained; acquiring a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to coordinates of midpoints of the plurality of axes; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod; wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the section of the standard sample rod; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the standard sample rod interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: acquiring the coordinate of the midpoint of the axis by using a first detection module;
acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle.
2. A method for statically detecting geometric parameters of a prototype stick according to claim 1,
The plurality of first coordinate detection modules are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of first coordinate detection units which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection unit comprises a plurality of first measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the incident direction of each first measuring head is perpendicular to the tangent plane of the corresponding intersection point; the intersection point is a projection point of the first measuring head on the side surface of the standard sample rod;
The second coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of second measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the vertical incidence direction of each second measuring head is perpendicular to the end face of the standard sample rod.
3. A method for statically detecting geometric parameters of a standard rod according to claim 2, wherein S3 comprises:
S31: measuring the distance from each first measuring head in the first coordinate detection module to the corresponding intersection point to obtain a plurality of distance measurement results;
S32: acquiring coordinates of intersection points corresponding to each measuring head according to the ray parameters of each measuring head and the ranging result of each measuring head, and acquiring coordinates of a plurality of intersection points;
S33: substituting the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points into a cylindrical curved surface equation, and calculating to obtain the radius of the standard sample rod;
s34: and obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the axis according to the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points and the radius of the standard sample rod.
4. A method for statically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard rod according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of obtaining the fitting end face of the standard rod according to a plurality of detection point coordinates comprises the following steps:
Substituting the coordinates of a plurality of detection points into a plane equation, and adopting a least square method to perform fitting calculation to obtain a fitting end face of the standard sample rod.
5. A method for statically detecting geometric parameters of a standard rod according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard rod and the end face of the standard rod is obtained according to the included angle, comprising the following steps:
Respectively marking two points with the farthest distance on the intersection line of the fitting end surface and the side surface as a first intersection point and a second intersection point;
Calculating the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle between the fitting axis and the fitting end face and the diameter of the standard sample rod; the perpendicularity is a distance component of a distance between the first intersection point and the second intersection point in the length direction of the standard sample rod.
6. A method for dynamically detecting geometric characteristic parameters of a standard sample rod, wherein the geometric characteristic parameters comprise: the straightness of the axis of the standard sample rod and the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Selecting a detection section on the standard sample rod, and arranging a plurality of first coordinate detection modules around the side surface of the detection section; arranging a second coordinate detection module at the end face close to the detection section;
Performing a first detection under a first coordinate system, comprising:
Step A1: S1-S3 is executed on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, and a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates are obtained; wherein S1: marking the length midpoint of the subinterval section; s2: taking a projection point of the length midpoint on the axis of the detection interval section as an axis midpoint; s3: acquiring an axis midpoint coordinate by using a first detection module;
performing a second detection under a second coordinate system, comprising:
Step B1: moving the standard sample rod along the length direction; in the moving process, S1-S3 is executed on the subinterval section corresponding to each first coordinate detection module, so that a plurality of axis midpoint coordinates are obtained;
step B2: converting the midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes in the first coordinate system into midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes in the second coordinate system to obtain midpoint coordinates of the multiple axes of the standard sample rod;
step B3: obtaining a fitting axis of the standard sample rod according to the point coordinates of the plurality of axes of the standard sample rod; obtaining the straight line distance from the midpoint of each axis to the fitting axis; screening the maximum value from the linear distances to obtain the axis straightness of the standard sample rod;
step B4: acquiring a plurality of detection point coordinates on the end face of the standard sample rod by using a second coordinate detection module; acquiring a fitting end face of a standard sample rod according to the coordinates of a plurality of detection points; acquiring an included angle between a fitting axis and a fitting end face; and obtaining the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle.
7. The method for dynamically detecting geometric parameters of a sample rod according to claim 6, wherein,
The plurality of first coordinate detection modules are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of first coordinate detection units which are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the standard sample rod; each first coordinate detection unit comprises a plurality of first measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the incident direction of each first measuring head is perpendicular to the tangent plane of the corresponding intersection point; the intersection point is a projection point of the first measuring head on the side surface of the standard sample rod;
The second coordinate detection module comprises a plurality of second measuring heads which are arranged at intervals around the axis of the standard sample rod, and the vertical incidence direction of each second measuring head is perpendicular to the end face of the standard sample rod.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein S3 comprises:
S31: measuring the distance from each first measuring head in the first coordinate detection module to the corresponding intersection point to obtain a plurality of distance measurement results;
S32: acquiring coordinates of intersection points corresponding to each measuring head according to the ray parameters of each measuring head and the ranging result of each measuring head, and acquiring coordinates of a plurality of intersection points;
S33: substituting the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points into a cylindrical curved surface equation, and calculating to obtain the radius of the standard sample rod;
s34: and obtaining the coordinates of the central point of the axis according to the coordinates of the plurality of intersection points and the radius of the standard sample rod.
9. The method for dynamically detecting geometrical characteristic parameters of a standard rod according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the step of obtaining the fitting end face of the standard rod according to a plurality of detection point coordinates comprises the steps of:
Substituting the coordinates of a plurality of detection points into a plane equation, and adopting a least square method to perform fitting calculation to obtain a fitting end face of the standard sample rod.
10. A method for dynamically detecting geometric parameters of a reference bar according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the perpendicularity between the axis of the reference bar and the end face of the reference bar is obtained according to the included angle, comprising the steps of:
Respectively marking two points with the farthest distance on the intersection line of the fitting end surface and the side surface as a first intersection point and a second intersection point;
Calculating the perpendicularity between the axis of the standard sample rod and the end face of the standard sample rod according to the included angle between the fitting axis and the fitting end face and the diameter of the standard sample rod; the perpendicularity is a distance component of a distance between the first intersection point and the second intersection point in the length direction of the standard sample rod.
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