CN1182539A - 一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂 - Google Patents

一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂 Download PDF

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CN1182539A
CN1182539A CN 97119963 CN97119963A CN1182539A CN 1182539 A CN1182539 A CN 1182539A CN 97119963 CN97119963 CN 97119963 CN 97119963 A CN97119963 A CN 97119963A CN 1182539 A CN1182539 A CN 1182539A
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仲伟德
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Abstract

一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂,主要成分含量:木烟碱0.6～2%,蓖麻碱0.4～2%,骆驼蓬碱0.4～2%。最佳配比为:木烟碱0.8%,蓖麻碱0.5%,骆驼蓬碱0.5%。乳化剂02034%,0201 4%,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚4%,甲苯65%,二号轻烃油15%,甲醇5%,乙醇1.2%,主要用于防治烟青虫、烟蚜虫、棉铃虫、棉蚜虫。紫外光谱法定量分析,配合时常温搅拌30分钟。

Description

一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂
一种以植物为原料的农药。本发明涉及以植物为原料的植物农药杀虫剂。特别涉及以木烟碱，骆驼蓬碱、蓖麻碱为主要有效成份的农药。涉及以防治烟青虫、烟蚜虫、棉铃虫、棉蚜虫为主的植物性杀虫剂。
以烟碱、苦参碱为主要成份的植物性杀虫剂对烟青虫、烟蚜虫无效。对烟青虫、烟蚜虫的近缘种棉铃虫、棉蚜防效差。本发明用木烟碱(又名毒藜碱)、蓖麻碱、骆驼蓬碱为有效体。可以有效的防治烟青虫、烟蚜虫、棉铃虫、棉蚜虫。本发明用毒藜的近缘种红梭梭提取木烟碱，用蓖麻叶提取蓖麻碱。资源储量大，可以大工业化生产。解决了植物农药无残留，防治害虫效果好，但原料困难的问题。
研制新一代高效底毒的棉铃虫杀虫剂是国家“九·五”重点科研攻关项目。本发明将木烟碱、蓖麻碱、骆驼蓬碱按比例配合，达到防治烟青虫、烟蚜虫、棉铃虫、棉蚜虫的目的，并可兼治红蜘蛛。
本发明所要求的木烟碱必须是从毒藜或红梭梭中提取的游离状态的生物碱。蓖麻碱是从蓖麻叶中提取的游离生物碱。骆驼蓬碱是用乙醇提取并结晶的单体生物碱。公知通用的方法是将草粉碎，加氢氧化钠碱化使生物碱呈游离状态，然后用溶剂直接浸提。或可用酸水浸提后碱化，有机溶剂淬取浓缩。以直接浸提法为佳。本发明使用的木烟碱应以二号轻烃油为溶剂，木烟碱含量在17～18％之间。浓度太高使液体分层，增加配合困难。本发明使用的蓖麻碱应以甲苯为溶剂，浓度25～30％本发明使用的骆驼蓬碱应先用乙醇提取并浓缩，冷凉后结晶，分离结晶再溶于甲醇中，浓度11％。本发明有效成份的含量是：木烟碱0.6～2％，蓖麻碱0.4～2％，骆驼蓬碱0.4～2％。最佳配比是：木烟碱0.8％，蓖麻碱0.5％，骆驼蓬碱0.5％。助剂配比是：乳化剂0203 4％，0201 4％，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚4％。溶剂配比是：甲苯65％，二号轻烃油15％，甲醇5％，乙醇1.2％合计100％。
本发明的原理是：木烟碱主要作用于害虫的植物神经系统，对中枢神经作用小，且在害虫体内作用时间短。蓖麻碱和骆驼蓬碱主要作用于中枢神经和呼吸系统神经，且作用时间长，和木烟碱配合，共效系数超过200。
本发明产品1995年经新疆植保总站试验，1000倍水稀释液喷雾，防治棉铃虫14天效果93.4～100％，棉蚜虫效果88.2～100％，1996年该站试验，防治棉铃虫第3～5天，效果93.47～95.60％，红蜘蛛防效第10天81.5％。中国农科院北京植保研究所1996年在河南新分试验，用水稀释1000倍，防治棉铃虫第3天82.5％，该所1997年在同地试验，棉铃虫效果81.9～89.1％。新疆植保总站1997年全面试验，棉铃虫第7天94％，棉蚜虫84.6％。本发明已获化工部(1997)198号文核准同意生产。农药临时凳记正在办理。1998年可望商品化生产。
本发明产品PH9.2～9.5，水分含量＜0.8％，用标准硬水200稀释乳化稳定性合格。使用时应在水中加入0.4％的洗衣粉，以提高稀释液的PH值。产品不得与酸性农药，化肥混合使用。
本发明产品检验含量时，应先用薄层层析法将生物碱分离纯化。层析用吸附剂是硅胶G，展开剂是乙酸乙酯∶丙酮∶甲醇＝10∶5∶1。层析提纯后公知的紫外光谱法定量分析。
本发明实施时只需将各种配料准确计量后混合，并在常温下搅拌30分钟即可罐装。

Claims (3)

1.一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂。本发明的特征是能有效的防治烟青虫、烟蚜虫、棉铃虫、烟蚜虫。本发明的特征是含有木烟碱(又名毒藜碱)、蓖麻碱、骆驼蓬碱，助剂和溶剂。生物碱的含量为：(重量比)木烟碱0.6～2％，蓖麻碱0.5～2％，骆驼蓬碱0.5～2％。
2.根据权力要求1所述的杀虫剂，其特征是生物碱的最佳配比是：(重量比)木烟碱0.8％，蓖麻碱0.5％，骆驼蓬碱0.5％。
3.根据权力要求2所述的杀虫剂，其特征在于助剂和溶剂的最佳配比是：(重量比)乳化剂02034％，乳化剂02014％，乳化剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚4％，甲苯65％，二号轻烃油15％，甲醇5％，乙醇1.2％。
CN 97119963 1997-10-30 1997-10-30 一种以植物为原料的杀虫剂 Pending CN1182539A (zh)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101449144B (zh) * 2005-12-20 2012-01-04 埃科莱布有限公司 近紫外吸收光谱仪和使用该光谱仪的方法
CN103349009A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2013-10-16 句容市北山桃园专业合作社 一种桃树用天然杀虫剂及其制备方法
CN106719884A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 张世平 一种针对白粉虱的杀虫剂
CN106818800A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-06-13 安徽东健化工科技有限公司 一种低毒含量的杀虫剂
CN107347877A (zh) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-17 中国科学院大学 一种含嵌段共聚物peg-pcl的朱砂叶螨抑制剂及其制备方法
US10624352B2 (en) 2015-05-06 2020-04-21 Coromandel International Limited Bio-stimulant composition for improved plant growth and the process of preparing the same
CN112586514A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-02 定西市金源农业发展有限责任公司 一种抗虫植物制剂及其防治红蜘蛛的方法
CN113475535A (zh) * 2018-03-02 2021-10-08 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 含蓖麻杀虫活性物质的提取方法及其与新烟碱类杀虫剂的组合应用

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101449144B (zh) * 2005-12-20 2012-01-04 埃科莱布有限公司 近紫外吸收光谱仪和使用该光谱仪的方法
CN103349009A (zh) * 2013-05-31 2013-10-16 句容市北山桃园专业合作社 一种桃树用天然杀虫剂及其制备方法
CN103349009B (zh) * 2013-05-31 2015-04-08 句容市北山桃园专业合作社 一种桃树用天然杀虫剂及其制备方法
US10624352B2 (en) 2015-05-06 2020-04-21 Coromandel International Limited Bio-stimulant composition for improved plant growth and the process of preparing the same
US11122809B2 (en) 2015-05-06 2021-09-21 Coromandel International Limited Bio-stimulant composition for improved plant growth and the process of preparing the same
CN107347877A (zh) * 2016-05-09 2017-11-17 中国科学院大学 一种含嵌段共聚物peg-pcl的朱砂叶螨抑制剂及其制备方法
CN107347877B (zh) * 2016-05-09 2020-12-01 中国科学院大学 一种含嵌段共聚物peg-pcl的朱砂叶螨抑制剂及其制备方法
CN106719884A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-05-31 张世平 一种针对白粉虱的杀虫剂
CN106818800A (zh) * 2016-12-13 2017-06-13 安徽东健化工科技有限公司 一种低毒含量的杀虫剂
CN113475535A (zh) * 2018-03-02 2021-10-08 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 含蓖麻杀虫活性物质的提取方法及其与新烟碱类杀虫剂的组合应用
CN112586514A (zh) * 2020-12-15 2021-04-02 定西市金源农业发展有限责任公司 一种抗虫植物制剂及其防治红蜘蛛的方法

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